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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>CSS Display Module Level 3</title>
<link rel=contents href="#contents">
<link rel=index href="#index">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../default.css">
<link href="../csslogo.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-[STATUS].css">
<style type="text/css">
/* delete this block when you've cleared out all the .repla
10BC8
ceme elements */
.replaceme {
border: solid red;
padding: 0 0.5em;
margin: 0 0.1em;
background: yellow;
color: green;
}
.replaceme:before {
content: "FIXME(";
color: black;
}
.replaceme:after {
content: ")";
color: black;
}
</style>
</head>
<div class="head">
<!--logo-->
<h1>CSS Display Module Level 3</h1>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc">[LONGSTATUS] [DATE]</h2>
<dl>
<dt>This version:
<dd><a href="[VERSION]" class="replaceme">http://www.w3.org/TR/[YEAR]/ED-cssN-FIXME-[CDATE]/</a>
<dt>Latest version:
<dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/[SHORTNAME]/">http://www.w3.org/TR/[SHORTNAME]/</a>
<dt>Editor's draft:
<dd><a href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/[SHORTNAME]/">http://dev.w3.org/csswg/[SHORTNAME]/</a>
<dt>Previous version:
<dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/PreviousVersionURI">
http://www.w3.org/PreviousVersionURI</a>
<dt>Issue Tracking:</dt>
<dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Tracker/products/FIXME">http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Tracker/products/FIXME</a>
<dt>Feedback:</dt>
<dd><a href="mailto:www-style@w3.org?subject=%5B[css-display]%5D%20feedback"
>www-style@w3.org</a>
with subject line “<kbd>[css-display]
<var>… message topic …</var></kbd>”
(<a rel="discussion" href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/"
>archives</a>)
<dt>Editors:
<dd class="h-card vcard">
<a class="p-name fn u-url url" rel="author"
href="http://www.xanthir.com/">Tab Atkins Jr.</a>
(<span class="p-org org">Google, Inc.</span>),
<span class="u-email email">jackalmage@gmail.com</span>
</dl>
<!--copyright-->
<hr title="Separator for header">
</div>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id="abstract">Abstract</h2>
<p>
This module contains the features of CSS relating to the 'display' property.
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS/">CSS</a> is a language for describing the rendering of structured documents
(such as HTML and XML)
on screen, on paper, in speech, etc.
<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id="status">Status of this document</h2>
<p>
This is currently a personal draft,
not yet approved by the CSSWG to be an Editor's Draft.
(Ignore the branding on the side and heading, which are artifacts of the spec generation process.)
<!--//status-->
<p>The following features are at risk: …
<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id="contents">
Table of contents</h2>
<!--toc-->
<h2 id="intro">
Introduction</h2>
<p><em>This section is not normative.</em>
<p>
<var class="replaceme">Provide background, motivation, etc.</var></p>
<h3 id="placement">
Module interactions</h3>
<p class="replaceme">
Explain, normatively, how this module affects the definition of CSS.</p>
<p>
This module replaces and extends the <var class="replaceme">SUMMARIZE HERE</var> features defined in [[!CSS21]] sections <var class="replaceme">W.X and Y.Z</var>.
<p>
None of the properties in this module apply to the <code>::first-line</code> or <code>::first-letter</code> pseudo-elements.
<h3 id="values">
Values</h3>
<p>This specification follows the
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/about.html#property-defs">CSS property
definition conventions</a> from [[!CSS21]]. Value types not defined in
this specification are defined in CSS Level 2 Revision 1 [[!CSS21]].
Other CSS modules may expand the definitions of these value types: for
example [[CSS3COLOR]], when combined with this module, expands the
definition of the <color> value type as used in this specification.</p>
<p>In addition to the property-specific values listed in their definitions,
all properties defined in this specification also accept the
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-values/#common-keywords">CSS-wide keywords</a>
as their property value. For readability it has not been repeated explicitly.
<h2>
The Display Properties</h2>
<p>
The 'display' shorthand and its associated family of properties control the layout mode of elements
(how the element determines the sizes and positions of itself and its descendants),
and what boxes they and their descendants generate.
<h3 id='the-display-inside'>
Setting the layout mode: the 'display-inside' property</h3>
<table class='propdef'>
<tr>
<th>Name:
<td><dfn>display-inside</dfn>
<tr>
<th>Value:
<td>auto | block | table | flex | grid
<tr>
<th>Initial:
<td>auto
<tr>
<th>Applies To:
<td>all elements
<tr>
<th>Inherited:
<td>no
<tr>
<th>Percentages:
<td>N/A
<tr>
<th>Computed Value:
<td>a keyword
</table>
<dl>
<dt><dfn id='display-inside:auto'>auto</dfn>
<dd>
If the element's computed 'display-outside' value is ''inline-level'',
the element is an <i>inline element</i>,
and lays out its contents using inline layout. [[!CSS21]]
If the element's computed 'display-outside' value is ''table-row-group'', ''table-header-group'', ''table-footer-group'', ''table-row'', ''table-column-group'', or ''table-column'',
this elements acts as normal for its given 'display-outside' value.
Otherwise, this value computes to ''block''.
<dt><dfn id='display-inside:block'>block</dfn>
<dd>
The element lays out its contents using block layout. [[!CSS21]]
<dt><dfn id='display-inside:table'>table</dfn>
<dd>
The element lays out its contents using table layout. [[!CSS21]]
<dt><dfn id='display-inside:flex'>flex</dfn>
<dd>
The element lays out its contents using flex layout. [[!CSS3-FLEXBOX]]
<dt><dfn id='display-inside:grid'>grid</dfn>
<dd>
The element lays out its contents using grid layout. [[!CSS3-GRID]]
</dl>
<h3 id='the-display-outside'>
Interacting with the layout mode: the 'display-outside' property</h3>
<table class='propdef'>
<tr>
<th>Name:
<td><dfn>display-outside</dfn>
<tr>
<th>Value:
<td>block-level | inline-level | table-row-group | table-header-group | table-footer-group | table-row | table-cell | table-column-group | table-column | table-caption
<tr>
<th>Initial:
<td>inline-level
<tr>
<th>Applies To:
<td>all elements
<tr>
<th>Inherited:
<td>no
<tr>
<th>Percentages:
<td>N/A
<tr>
<th>Computed Value:
<td>as specified
</table>
<dl>
<dt><dfn id='display-outside:block-level'>block-level</dfn>
<dd>
The element is <i>block-level</i>,
and participates in a block formatting context.
Other formatting contexts,
such as flex formatting contexts,
may also work with <i>block-level</i> elements. [[!CSS21]]
<dt><dfn id='display-outside:inline-level'>inline-level</dfn>
<dd>
The element is <i>inline-level</i>,
and participates in an inline formatting context. [[!CSS21]]
<dt><dfn id='display-outside:table-row-group'>table-row-group</dfn>, <dfn id='display-outside:table-header-group'>table-header-group</dfn>, <dfn id='display-outside:table-footer-group'>table-footer-group</dfn>, <dfn id='display-outside:table-row'>table-row</dfn>, <dfn id='display-outside:table-cell'>table-cell</dfn>, <dfn id='display-outside:table-column-group'>table-column-group</dfn>, <dfn id='display-outside:table-column'>table-column</dfn>, <dfn id='display-outside:table-caption'>table-caption</dfn>
<dd>
The element is an internal table element,
and participates in a table layout context. [[!CSS21]]
</dl>
<p class='issue'>
Do we need special bits about some of the interactions with 'display-inside'?
For example, how ''display:inline-level block;'' works?
Or does that fall out of what exists,
and the definitions of Block Layout in 2.1?
(...or a new Block Layout spec, explaining all the 2.1 stuff more sanely?)
<p class='issue'>
Is <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/2012Jul/0450.html">fantasai's proposal for a run-in model</a> sane enough to include in this spec?
<h3 id='the-display-box'>
Controlling box generation: the 'display-box' property</h3>
<table class='propdef'>
<tr>
<th>Name:
<td><dfn>display-box</dfn>
<tr>
<th>Value:
<td>normal | none | contents
<tr>
<th>Initial:
<td>normal
<tr>
<th>Applies To:
<td>all elements
<tr>
<th>Inherited:
<td>no
<tr>
<th>Percentages:
<td>N/A
<tr>
<th>Computed Value:
<td>as specified
</table>
<dl>
<dt><dfn id='display-box:normal'>normal</dfn>
<dd>
The element generates boxes as normal,
per its other 'display-*' properties.
<dt><dfn id='display-box:none'>none</dfn>
<dd>
The element generates no boxes at all.
<dt><dfn id='display-box:contents'>contents</dfn>
<dd>
The element itself does not generate any boxes,
but its children and pseudo-elements still generate boxes as normal.
For the purposes of box generation and layout,
the element must be treated as if it had been replaced with its children and pseudo-elements in the document tree.
</dl>
<p class='issue'>
Is there a need for a value that suppresses box generation for layout purposes,
but still generates them for the purposes of animations/counters/etc.?
<p class='issue'>
''contents'' currently only has an effect on box generation and layout.
Other things that care about the document tree are unaffected, like counter scopes.
Is this what we want?
<h3 id='the-display-extras'>
Additional stuff: the 'display-extras' property</h3>
<table class='propdef'>
<tr>
<th>Name:
<td><dfn>display-extras</dfn>
<tr>
<th>Value:
<td>none | [ list-item ]
<tr>
<th>Initial:
<td>none
<tr>
<th>Applies To:
<td>all elements
<tr>
<th>Inherited:
<td>no
<tr>
<th>Percentages:
<td>N/A
<tr>
<th>Computed Value:
<td>as specified
</table>
<dl>
<dt><dfn id='display-extras:list-item'>list-item</dfn>
<dd>
The element generates a <code>::marker</code> pseudo-element
and is considered a <a href="../css3-lists/#list-item">list item</a>.
</dl>
<h3 id='the-display'>
The 'display' shorthand property</h3>
<table class='propdef'>
<tr>
<th>Name:
<td><dfn>display</dfn>
<tr>
<th>Value:
<td>inline | block | list-item | inline-list-item | inline-block | table | inline-table | table-cell | table-caption | flex | inline-flex | grid | inline-grid | none | [ <'display-inside'> || <'display-outside'> || <'display-box'> || <'display-extras'> ]
<tr>
<th>Initial:
<td>see individual properties
<tr>
<th>Applies To:
<td>all elements
<tr>
<th>Inherited:
<td>no
<tr>
<th>Percentages:
<td>see individual properties
<tr>
<th>Computed Value:
<td>see individual properties
<tr>
<th>Animatable:
<td>see individual properties
</table>
<p>
The single-keyword values listed explicitly in the grammar above are handled specially,
for legacy reasons.
All other single-keyword values,
and all other values in general,
are handled as normal for shorthands.
<p class='issue'>
The general rule for new layout modes seems to be that they're block-level by default.
However, this conflicts with the default value of 'display-outside', which is ''inline-level''.
What's the best way to address this?
Simplest answer is to just expand this list of special values as we go along.
Another possibility is to magic up the expansion in a different way,
so that if the value is just a 'display-inside' keyword,
'display-outside' defaults to ''block-level''.
If the latter is chosen, we could remove several more of the special expansions below
(all the ones that are identical to a 'display-inside' value).
<p class='note'>
Several of the "special" expansions below are actually just what the shorthand would expand to normally.
They're included here for clarity,
as they're very familiar from long usage in CSS 2.1,
before the 'display' property became a shorthand.
<dl>
<dt><dfn id='display:inline'>inline</dfn>
<dd>
Expands identically to ''inline-level auto''.
<dt><dfn id='display:block'>block</dfn>
<dd>
Expands identically to ''block-level block''.
<dt><dfn id='display:list-item'>list-item</dfn>
<dd>
Expands identically to ''block-level block list-item''.
<dt><dfn id='display:inline-list-item'>inline-list-item</dfn>
<dd>
Expands identically to ''inline-level block list-item''.
<dt><dfn id='display:inline-block'>inline-block</dfn>
<dd>
Expands identically to ''inline-level block''.
<dt><dfn id='display:table'>table</dfn>
<dd>
Expands identically to ''block-level table''.
<dt><dfn id='display:inline-table'>inline-table</dfn>
<dd>
Expands identically to ''inline-level table''.
<dt><dfn id='display:table-caption'>table-caption</dfn>
<dd>
Expands identically to ''table-caption block''.
<dt><dfn id='display:table-cell'>table-cell</dfn>
<dd>
Expands identically to ''table-cell block''.
<dt><dfn id='display:flex'>flex</dfn>
<dd>
Expands identically to ''block-level flex''.
<dt><dfn id='display:inline-flex'>inline-flex</dfn>
<dd>
Expands identically to ''inline-level flex''.
<dt><dfn id='display:grid'>grid</dfn>
<dd>
Expands identically to ''block-level grid''.
<dt><dfn id='display:inline-grid'>inline-grid</dfn>
<dd>
Expands identically to ''inline-level grid''.
<dt><dfn id='display:none'>none</dfn>
<dd>
Expands identically to ''inline-level auto none''.
</dl>
<!--
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EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEENNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNDDDDDDDDDDDDD
E::::::::::::::::::::EN:::::::N N::::::ND::::::::::::DDD
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EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEENNNNNNNN NNNNNNNDDDDDDDDDDDDD
-->
<h2 id="conformance">
Conformance</h2>
<h3 id="conventions">
Document conventions</h3>
<p>Conformance requirements are expressed with a combination of
descriptive assertions and RFC 2119 terminology. The key words “MUST”,
“MUST NOT”, “REQUIRED”, “SHALL”, “SHALL NOT”, “SHOULD”, “SHOULD NOT”,
“RECOMMENDED”, “MAY”, and “OPTIONAL” in the normative parts of this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.
However, for readability, these words do not appear in all uppercase
letters in this specification.
<p>All of the text of this specification is normative except sections
explicitly marked as non-normative, examples, and notes. [[!RFC2119]]</p>
<p>Examples in this specification are introduced with the words “for example”
or are set apart from the normative text with <code>class="example"</code>,
like this:
<div class="example">
<p>This is an example of an informative example.</p>
</div>
<p>Informative notes begin with the word “Note” and are set apart from the
normative text with <code>class="note"</code>, like this:
<p class="note">Note, this is an informative note.</p>
<h3 id="conformance-classes">
Conformance classes</h3>
<p>Conformance to <var class="replaceme">CSS TEMPLATE Module</var>
is defined for three conformance classes:
<dl>
<dt><dfn title="style sheet!!as conformance class">style sheet</dfn>
<dd>A <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/conform.html#style-sheet">CSS
style sheet</a>.
<dt><dfn>renderer</dfn></dt>
<dd>A <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/conform.html#user-agent">UA</a>
that interprets the semantics of a style sheet and renders
documents that use them.
<dt><dfn id="authoring-tool">authoring tool</dfn></dt>
<dd>A <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/conform.html#user-agent">UA</a>
that writes a style sheet.
</dl>
<p>A style sheet is conformant to <var class="replaceme">CSS TEMPLATE Module</var>
if all of its statements that use syntax defined in this module are valid
according to the generic CSS grammar and the individual grammars of each
feature defined in this module.
<p>A renderer is conformant to <var class="replaceme">CSS TEMPLATE Module</var>
if, in addition to interpreting the style sheet as defined by the
appropriate specifications, it supports all the features defined
by <var class="replaceme">CSS TEMPLATE Module</var> by parsing them correctly
and rendering the document accordingly. However, the inability of a
UA to correctly render a document due to limitations of the device
does not make the UA non-conformant. (For example, a UA is not
required to render color on a monochrome monitor.)
<p>An authoring tool is conformant to <var class="replaceme">CSS TEMPLATE Module</var>
if it writes style sheets that are syntactically correct according to the
generic CSS grammar and the individual grammars of each feature in
this module, and meet all other conformance requirements of style sheets
as described in this module.
<h3 id="partial">
Partial implementations</h3>
<p>So that authors can exploit the forward-compatible parsing rules to
assign fallback values, CSS renderers <strong>must</strong>
treat as invalid (and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/conform.html#ignore">ignore
as appropriate</a>) any at-rules, properties, property values, keywords,
and other syntactic constructs for which they have no usable level of
support. In particular, user agents <strong>must not</strong> selectively
ignore unsupported component values and honor supported values in a single
multi-value property declaration: if any value is considered invalid
(as unsupported values must be), CSS requires that the entire declaration
be ignored.</p>
<h3 id="experimental">
Experimental implementations</h3>
<p>To avoid clashes with future CSS features, the CSS2.1 specification
reserves a <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#vendor-keywords">prefixed
syntax</a> for proprietary and experimental extensions to CSS.
<p>Prior to a specification reaching the Candidate Recommendation stage
in the W3C process, all implementations of a CSS feature are considered
experimental. The CSS Working Group recommends that implementations
use a vendor-prefixed syntax for such features, including those in
W3C Working Drafts. This avoids incompatibilities with future changes
in the draft.
</p>
<h3 id="testing">
Non-experimental implementations</h3>
<p>Once a specification reaches the Candidate Recommendation stage,
non-experimental implementations are possible, and implementors should
release an unprefixed implementation of any CR-level feature they
can demonstrate to be correctly implemented according to spec.
<p>To establish and maintain the interoperability of CSS across
implementations, the CSS Working Group requests that non-experimental
CSS renderers submit an implementation report (and, if necessary, the
testcases used for that implementation report) to the W3C before
releasing an unprefixed implementation of any CSS features. Testcases
submitted to W3C are subject to review and correction by the CSS
Working Group.
<p>Further information on submitting testcases and implementation reports
can be found from on the CSS Working Group's website at
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Test/">http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Test/</a>.
Questions should be directed to the
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-css-testsuite">public-css-testsuite@w3.org</a>
mailing list.
<h3 id="cr-exit-criteria">
CR exit criteria</h3>
<p class="replaceme">Remove this section unless/until the module is in CR.</p>
<!-- This text was <a href="http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Tracker/actions/44"> decided on 2008-06-04.</a> -->
<p>
For this specification to be advanced to Proposed Recommendation,
there must be at least two independent, interoperable implementations
of each feature. Each feature may be implemented by a different set of
products, there is no requirement that all features be implemented by
a single product. For the purposes of this criterion, we define the
following terms:
<dl>
<dt>independent <dd>each implementation must be developed by a
different party and cannot share, reuse, or derive from code
used by another qualifying implementation. Sections of code that
have no bearing on the implementation of this specification are
exempt from this requirement.
<dt>interoperable <dd>passing the respective test case(s) in the
official CSS test suite, or, if the implementation is not a Web
browser, an equivalent test. Every relevant test in the test
suite should have an equivalent test created if such a user
agent (UA) is to be used to claim interoperability. In addition
if such a UA is to be used to claim interoperability, then there
must one or more additional UAs which can also pass those
equivalent tests in the same way for the purpose of
interoperability. The equivalent tests must be made publicly
available for the purposes of peer review.
<dt>implementation <dd>a user agent which:
<ol class=inline>
<li>implements the specification.
<li>is available to the general public. The implementation may
be a shipping product or other publicly available version
(i.e., beta version, preview release, or “nightly build”).
Non-shipping product releases must have implemented the
feature(s) for a period of at least one month in order to
demonstrate stability.
<li>is not experimental (i.e., a version specifically designed
to pass the test suite and is not intended for normal usage
going forward).
</ol>
</dl>
<p>The specification will remain Candidate Recommendation for at least
six months.
<h2 class=no-num id="acknowledgments">
Acknowledgments</h2>
<p><var class="replaceme">[acknowledgments]</var></p>
<h2 class=no-num id="references">
References</h2>
<h3 class="no-num" id="normative-references">
Normative references</h3>
<!--normative-->
<h3 class="no-num" id="other-references">
Other references</h3>
<!--informative-->
<h2 class="no-num" id="index">
Index</h2>
<!--index-->
<h2 class="no-num" id="property-index">
Property index</h2>
<!-- properties -->
</body>
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