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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
<title>CSS Text Module Level 4</title>
<link href="../default.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="../csslogo.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon">
<link href="https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/w3c-unofficial" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
</head>
<body class="h-entry">
<div class="head">
<p data-fill-with="logo"><a class="logo" href="http://www.w3.org/">
<img alt="W3C" height="48" src="https://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72">
</a>
</p>
<h1 class="p-name no-ref" id="title">CSS Text Module Level 4</h1>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="subtitle"><span class="content">Unofficial Proposal Draft,
<time class="dt-updated" datetime="2015-01-07">7 January 2015</time></span></h2>
<div data-fill-with="spec-metadata">
<dl>
<dt>This version:</dt>
<dd><a class="u-url" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-text-4/">http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-text-4/</a></dd>
<dt>Feedback:</dt>
<dd><span><a href="mailto:www-style@w3.org?subject=%5Bcss-text%5D%20feedback">www-style@w3.org</a> with subject line “<kbd>[css-text] <var>… message topic …</var></kbd>” (<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/" rel="discussion">archives</a>)</span></dd>
<dt>Issue Tracking:</dt>
<dd><a href="#issues-index">Inline In Spec</a></dd>
<dt class="editor">Editors:</dt>
<dd class="editor">
<div class="p-author h-card vcard"><a class="p-name fn u-url url" href="http://fantasai.inkedblade.net/contact">fantasai</a> (<span class="p-org org">Invited Expert</span>)</div>
</dd>
<dd class="editor">
<div class="p-author h-card vcard"><a class="p-name fn u-email email" href="mailto:kojiishi@gluesoft.co.jp">Koji Ishii</a> (<span class="p-org org">Invited Expert</span>)</div>
</dd>
<dd class="editor">
<div class="p-author h-card vcard"><a class="p-name fn u-email email" href="mailto:stearns@adobe.com">Alan Stearns</a> (<span class="p-org org">Adobe Systems</span>)</div>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div data-fill-with="warning"></div>
<p class="copyright" data-fill-with="copyright"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> © 2014 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>, <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>, <a href="http://ev.buaa.edu.cn/">Beihang</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.
</p>
<hr title="Separator for header">
</div>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="abstract"><span class="content">Abstract</span></h2>
<div class="p-summary" data-fill-with="abstract">
<p>This module defines properties for text manipulation and specifies their processing model. It covers line breaking, justification and alignment, white space handling, and text transformation.</p>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS/">CSS</a> is a language for describing the rendering of structured documents
(such as HTML and XML)
on screen, on paper, in speech, etc.</div>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="status"><span class="content">Status of this document</span></h2>
<div data-fill-with="status"></div>
<div data-fill-with="at-risk"></div>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="contents"><span class="content">Table of Contents</span></h2>
<div data-fill-with="table-of-contents" role="navigation">
<ul class="toc" role="directory">
<li><a href="#intro"><span class="secno">1</span> <span class="content">
Introduction</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#transforming"><span class="secno">2</span> <span class="content">
Transforming Text</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#white-space-processing"><span class="secno">3</span> <span class="content">
White Space Processing</span></a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a href="#white-space-collapsing"><span class="secno">3.1</span> <span class="content">
White Space Collapsing: the <span class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" title="text-space-collapse">text-space-collapse</span> property</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#white-space-trim"><span class="secno">3.2</span> <span class="content">
White Space Trimming: the <span class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" title="text-space-trim">text-space-trim</span> property</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#line-breaking"><span class="secno">4</span> <span class="content">
Line Breaking and Word Boundaries</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#wrapping"><span class="secno">5</span> <span class="content">
Text Wrapping</span></a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a href="#text-wrap"><span class="secno">5.1</span> <span class="content">
Text Wrap Settings: the <span class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" title="text-wrap">text-wrap</span> property</span></a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a href="#example-avoid"><span class="secno">5.1.1</span> <span class="content">
Example of using 'text-wrap: avoid' in presenting a footer</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#white-space-property"><span class="secno">6</span> <span class="content">
White Space and Wrapping Shorthand: the <span class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" title="white-space">white-space</span> property</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#hyphenation"><span class="secno">7</span> <span class="content">
Breaking Within Words</span></a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a href="#hyphenate-character"><span class="secno">7.1</span> <span class="content">
Hyphens: the <span class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" title="hyphenate-character">hyphenate-character</span> property</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#hyphenate-size-limits"><span class="secno">7.2</span> <span class="content">
Hyphenation Size Limit: the <span class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" title="hyphenate-limit-zone">hyphenate-limit-zone</span> property</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#hyphenate-char-limits"><span class="secno">7.3</span> <span class="content">
Hyphenation Character Limits: the <span class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" title="hyphenate-limit-chars">hyphenate-limit-chars</span> property</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#hyphenate-line-limits"><span class="secno">7.4</span> <span class="content">
Hyphenation Line Limits: the <span class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" title="hyphenate-limit-lines">hyphenate-limit-lines</span> and <span class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" title="hyphenate-limit-last">hyphenate-limit-last</span> properties</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#alignment"><span class="secno">8</span> <span class="content">
Alignment and Justification</span></a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a href="#character-alignment"><span class="secno">8.1</span> <span class="content">
Character-based Alignment in a Table Column</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#spacing"><span class="secno">9</span> <span class="content">
Spacing</span></a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a href="#text-spacing-property"><span class="secno">9.1</span> <span class="content">
Character Class Spacing: the <span class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" title="text-spacing">text-spacing</span> property</span></a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a href="#fullwidth-collapsing"><span class="secno">9.1.1</span> <span class="content">
Fullwidth Punctuation Collapsing</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#text-spacing-classes"><span class="secno">9.1.2</span> <span class="content">
Text Spacing Character Classes</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#japanese-start-edges"><span class="secno">9.1.3</span> <span class="content">
Japanese Paragraph-start Conventions in CSS</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#edge-effects"><span class="secno">10</span> <span class="content">
Edge Effects</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#conformance"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">
Conformance</span></a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a href="#conventions"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">
Document conventions</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#conformance-classes"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">
Conformance classes</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#partial"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">
Partial implementations</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#experimental"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">
Experimental implementations</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#testing"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">
Non-experimental implementations</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#references"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">References</span></a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a href="#normative"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Normative References</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#informative"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Informative References</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#index"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Index</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#property-index"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Property Index</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#issues-index"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Issues Index</span></a></li>
</ul></div>
<main>
<h2 class="heading settled" data-level="1" id="intro"><span class="secno">1. </span><span class="content">
Introduction</span><a class="self-link" href="#intro"></a></h2>
<p class="issue" id="issue-e782977b"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-e782977b"></a>Add final level 3 content</p>
<h2 class="heading settled" data-level="2" id="transforming"><span class="secno">2. </span><span class="content">
Transforming Text</span><a class="self-link" href="#transforming"></a></h2>
<p class="issue" id="issue-e782977b"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-e782977b"></a>Add final level 3 content</p>
<h2 class="heading settled" data-level="3" id="white-space-processing"><span class="secno">3. </span><span class="content">
White Space Processing</span><a class="self-link" href="#white-space-processing"></a></h2>
<p class="issue" id="issue-64fd9247"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-64fd9247"></a>Add final level 3 tab-size and processing details</p>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level="3.1" id="white-space-collapsing"><span class="secno">3.1. </span><span class="content">
White Space Collapsing: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-text-space-collapse">text-space-collapse</a> property</span><a class="self-link" href="#white-space-collapsing"></a></h3>
<p class="issue" id="issue-257c8a37"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-257c8a37"></a>This section is still under discussion and may change in future drafts.</p>
<table class="definition propdef">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Name:</th>
<td><dfn class="css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export="" id="propdef-text-space-collapse">text-space-collapse<a class="self-link" href="#propdef-text-space-collapse"></a></dfn></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Value:</th>
<td class="prod">collapse <a data-link-for="" data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> discard <a data-link-for="" data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> preserve <a data-link-for="" data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> preserve-breaks</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Initial:</th>
<td>collapse</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Applies to:</th>
<td>all elements</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Inherited:</th>
<td>yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Percentages:</th>
<td>n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Media:</th>
<td>visual</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Computed value:</th>
<td>as specified</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Animatable:</th>
<td>no</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="issue" id="issue-6ad6d7be"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-6ad6d7be"></a>Need a property name</p>
<p>This property declares whether and how
<a href="#white-space-processing">white space</a> inside the element is
collapsed. Values have the following meanings, which must be interpreted
according to the white space processing rules:</p>
<dl data-dfn-for="text-space-collapse" data-dfn-type="value">
<dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="text-space-collapse" data-dfn-type="value" data-export="" id="valdef-text-space-collapse-collapse">collapse<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-text-space-collapse-collapse"></a></dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
This value directs user agents to collapse sequences of white space
into a single character
(or <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css-text/#line-break-transform">in some cases</a>, no character).
</dd>
<dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="text-space-collapse" data-dfn-type="value" data-export="" id="valdef-text-space-collapse-preserve">preserve<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-text-space-collapse-preserve"></a></dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
This value prevents user agents
from collapsing sequences of white space.
Line feeds are preserved as forced line breaks.
</dd>
<dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="text-space-collapse" data-dfn-type="value" data-export="" id="valdef-text-space-collapse-preserve-breaks">preserve-breaks<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-text-space-collapse-preserve-breaks"></a></dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
This value collapses white space as for <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-text-space-collapse-collapse">collapse</a>, but preserves
line feeds as forced line breaks.
</dd>
<dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="text-space-collapse" data-dfn-type="value" data-export="" id="valdef-text-space-collapse-discard">discard<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-text-space-collapse-discard"></a></dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
This value directs user agents to "discard" all white space in the
element.
Issue: Does this preserve line break opportunities or no? Do we need a "hide" value?
</dd>
</dl>
<div class="example">
<p>The following style rules implement MathML’s white space processing:</p>
<pre>@namespace m "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML";
m|* {
text-space-collapse: discard;
}
m|mi, m|mn, m|mo, m|ms, m|mtext {
text-space-collapse: trim-inner;
}
</pre>
</div>
<p class="issue" id="issue-257c8a37"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-257c8a37"></a>This section is still under discussion and may change in future drafts.</p>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level="3.2" id="white-space-trim"><span class="secno">3.2. </span><span class="content">
White Space Trimming: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-text-space-trim">text-space-trim</a> property</span><a class="self-link" href="#white-space-trim"></a></h3>
<table class="definition propdef">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Name:</th>
<td><dfn class="css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export="" id="propdef-text-space-trim">text-space-trim<a class="self-link" href="#propdef-text-space-trim"></a></dfn></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Value:</th>
<td class="prod">none <a data-link-for="" data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> trim-inner <a data-link-for="" data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-any">||</a> consume-before <a data-link-for="" data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-any">||</a> consume-after</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Initial:</th>
<td>collapse</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Applies to:</th>
<td>all elements</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Inherited:</th>
<td>no</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Percentages:</th>
<td>n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Media:</th>
<td>visual</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Computed value:</th>
<td>as specified</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Animatable:</th>
<td>no</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>This property allows authors to specify trimming behavior
at the beginning and end of a box.
Values have the following meanings,
which must be interpreted according to the white space processing rules:</p>
<dl data-dfn-for="text-space-trim" data-dfn-type="value">
<dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="text-space-trim" data-dfn-type="value" data-export="" id="valdef-text-space-trim-trim-inner">trim-inner<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-text-space-trim-trim-inner"></a></dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
For block containers this value directs UAs to discard all whitespace
at the beginning of the element up to and including the last line feed
before the first non-white-space character in the element as well as
to discard all white space at the end of the element starting with the
first line feed after the last non-white-space character in the element.
For other elements this value directs UAs to discard all whitespace
at the beginning and end of the element.
</dd>
<dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="text-space-trim" data-dfn-type="value" data-export="" id="valdef-text-space-trim-consume-before">consume-before<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-text-space-trim-consume-before"></a></dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
This value directs the UA to collapse all collapsible whitespace
immediately before the start of the element.
</dd>
<dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="text-space-trim" data-dfn-type="value" data-export="" id="valdef-text-space-trim-consume-after">consume-after<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-text-space-trim-consume-after"></a></dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
This value directs the UA to collapse all collapsible whitespace
immediately after the end of the element.
</dd>
</dl>
<div class="example">
<p>The following style rules render DT elements as a comma-separated list:
</p>
<pre>dt { display: inline; }
dt + dt:before { content: ", "; text-space-collapse: consume-before; }
</pre>
</div>
<h2 class="heading settled" data-level="4" id="line-breaking"><span class="secno">4. </span><span class="content">
Line Breaking and Word Boundaries</span><a class="self-link" href="#line-breaking"></a></h2>
<p class="issue" id="issue-e782977b"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-e782977b"></a>Add final level 3 content</p>
<h2 class="heading settled" data-level="5" id="wrapping"><span class="secno">5. </span><span class="content">
Text Wrapping</span><a class="self-link" href="#wrapping"></a></h2>
<p>Text wrapping is controlled by the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-text-wrap">text-wrap</a> and overflow-wrap properties:</p>
<p class="issue" id="issue-cb66c9cf"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-cb66c9cf"></a>Add final level 3 overflow-wrap</p>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level="5.1" id="text-wrap"><span class="secno">5.1. </span><span class="content">
Text Wrap Settings: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-text-wrap">text-wrap</a> property</span><a class="self-link" href="#text-wrap"></a></h3>
<table class="definition propdef">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Name:</th>
<td><dfn class="css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export="" id="propdef-text-wrap">text-wrap<a class="self-link" href="#propdef-text-wrap"></a></dfn></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Value:</th>
<td class="prod">normal <a data-link-for="" data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> none <a data-link-for="" data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> avoid <a data-link-for="" data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> balance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Initial:</th>
<td>normal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Applies to:</th>
<td>all elements</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Inherited:</th>
<td>yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Percentages:</th>
<td>n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Media:</th>
<td>visual</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Computed value:</th>
<td>as specified</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Animatable:</th>
<td>no</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>This property specifies the mode for text wrapping. Possible values:</p>
<dl data-dfn-for="text-wrap" data-dfn-type="value">
<dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="text-wrap" data-dfn-type="value" data-export="" id="valdef-text-wrap-normal">normal<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-text-wrap-normal"></a></dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
Lines may break at allowed break points, as determined by the
line-breaking rules in effect. Line breaking behavior defined
for the WJ, ZW, and GL line-breaking classes in
<a data-biblio-type="normative" data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-uax14" title="UAX14">[UAX14]</a> must be honored.
</dd>
<dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="text-wrap" data-dfn-type="value" data-export="" id="valdef-text-wrap-none">none<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-text-wrap-none"></a></dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
Lines may not break; text that does not fit within the block container
overflows it.
</dd>
<dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="text-wrap" data-dfn-type="value" data-export="" id="valdef-text-wrap-avoid">avoid<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-text-wrap-avoid"></a></dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
Line breaking is suppressed within the element: the UA may only break
within the element if there are no other valid break points in the
line. If the text breaks, line-breaking restrictions are honored as for
<a class="css" data-link-for="text-wrap" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-text-wrap-normal">normal</a>.
</dd>
<dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="text-wrap" data-dfn-type="value" data-export="" id="valdef-text-wrap-balance">balance<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-text-wrap-balance"></a></dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
Same as <a class="css" data-link-for="text-wrap" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-text-wrap-normal">normal</a> for inline-level elements.
For block-level elements line breaks are chosen to minimize the deviation from the average line length over the entire element
(including lines that end in a forced break).
The exact algorithm is UA-defined.
<p>UAs may treat this value as <a class="css" data-link-for="text-wrap" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-text-wrap-normal">normal</a> if there are more than ten lines to balance.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Regardless of the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-text-wrap">text-wrap</a> value, lines always break at forced breaks:
for all values, line-breaking behavior defined for the BK, CR, LF, CM
NL, and SG line breaking classes in <a data-biblio-type="normative" data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-uax14" title="UAX14">[UAX14]</a> must
be honored.</p>
<p>When <span class="property"><a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-text-wrap">text-wrap</a></span> is set to <a class="css" data-link-for="text-wrap" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-text-wrap-normal">normal</a> or
<a class="css" data-link-for="text-wrap" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-text-wrap-avoid">avoid</a>, UAs that allow breaks at punctuation other than spaces
should prioritize breakpoints.
For example, if breaks after slashes have a lower priority than spaces,
the sequence “check /etc” will never break between the ‘/’ and the ‘e’.
The UA may use the width of the containing block, the text’s language,
and other factors in assigning priorities.
As long as care is taken to avoid such awkward breaks, allowing breaks at
appropriate punctuation other than spaces is recommended, as it results
in more even-looking margins, particularly in narrow measures.</p>
<p></p>
<h4 class="heading settled" data-level="5.1.1" id="example-avoid"><span class="secno">5.1.1. </span><span class="content">
Example of using 'text-wrap: avoid' in presenting a footer</span><a class="self-link" href="#example-avoid"></a></h4>
<div class="example">
<p>The priority of breakpoints can be set to reflect the intended
grouping of text.</p>
<p>Given the rules</p>
<pre>footer { text-wrap: avoid; /* inherits to all descendants */ }
</pre>
<p>and the following markup:</p>
<pre><footer>
<venue>27th Internationalization and Unicode Conference</venue>
&#8226; <date>April 7, 2005</date> &#8226;
<place>Berlin, Germany</place>
</footer>
</pre>
<p>In a narrow window the footer could be broken as</p>
<pre>27th Internationalization and Unicode Conference •
April 7, 2005 • Berlin, Germany
</pre>
<p>or in a narrower window as</p>
<pre>27th Internationalization and Unicode
Conference • April 7, 2005 •
Berlin, Germany
</pre>
<p>but not as</p>
<pre>27th Internationalization and Unicode Conference • April
7, 2005 • Berlin, Germany
</pre>
</div>
<h2 class="heading settled" data-level="6" id="white-space-property"><span class="secno">6. </span><span class="content">
White Space and Wrapping Shorthand: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/text.html#propdef-white-space">white-space</a> property</span><a class="self-link" href="#white-space-property"></a></h2>
<p>Diff needs to have the shorthand details</p>
<h2 class="heading settled" data-level="7" id="hyphenation"><span class="secno">7. </span><span class="content">
Breaking Within Words</span><a class="self-link" href="#hyphenation"></a></h2>
<p class="issue" id="issue-e782977b"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-e782977b"></a>Add final level 3 content</p>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level="7.1" id="hyphenate-character"><span class="secno">7.1. </span><span class="content">
Hyphens: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-hyphenate-character">hyphenate-character</a> property</span><a class="self-link" href="#hyphenate-character"></a></h3>
<table class="definition propdef">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Name:</th>
<td><dfn class="css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export="" id="propdef-hyphenate-character">hyphenate-character<a class="self-link" href="#propdef-hyphenate-character"></a></dfn></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Value:</th>
<td class="prod">auto <a data-link-for="" data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> <string></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Initial:</th>
<td>auto</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Applies to:</th>
<td>all elements</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Inherited:</th>
<td>yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Percentages:</th>
<td>n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Media:</th>
<td>visual</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Computed value:</th>
<td>as specified</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Animatable:</th>
<td>no</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>This property specifies strings that are shown between parts of
hyphenated words. The <dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="hyphenate-character" data-dfn-type="value" data-export="" id="valdef-hyphenate-character-auto"><a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-hyphenate-character-auto">auto</a><a class="self-link" href="#valdef-hyphenate-character-auto"></a></dfn> value means that the user agent should
find an appropriate value, preferably from the same source as the
hyphenation dictionary. If a string is specified, it appears at
the end of the line before a hyphenation break.</p>
<div class="example">
In Latin scripts, the hyphen character (U+2010) is often used to
indicate that a word has been split. Normally, it will not be
necessary to set it explicitly. However, this can easily be done:
<pre>article { hyphenate-character: "\2010" }
</pre>
</div>
<p class="note" role="note">
Both hyphens triggered by automatic hyphenation and
hyphens triggered by soft hyphens are rendered according to
<a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-hyphenate-character">hyphenate-character</a>.
</p>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level="7.2" id="hyphenate-size-limits"><span class="secno">7.2. </span><span class="content">
Hyphenation Size Limit: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-hyphenate-limit-zone">hyphenate-limit-zone</a> property</span><a class="self-link" href="#hyphenate-size-limits"></a></h3>
<table class="definition propdef">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Name:</th>
<td><dfn class="css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export="" id="propdef-hyphenate-limit-zone">hyphenate-limit-zone<a class="self-link" href="#propdef-hyphenate-limit-zone"></a></dfn></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Value:</th>
<td class="prod"><percentage> <a data-link-for="" data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> <length></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Initial:</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Applies to:</th>
<td>block containers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Inherited:</th>
<td>yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Percentages:</th>
<td>refers to width of the line box</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Media:</th>
<td>visual</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Computed value:</th>
<td>as specified</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Animatable:</th>
<td>no</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="issue" id="issue-acbeefa8"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-acbeefa8"></a>Is <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-hyphenate-limit-zone">hyphenate-limit-zone</a> a good name? Comments/suggestions?
</p>
<p>This property specifies the maximum amount of unfilled space (before
justification) that may be left in the line box before hyphenation is
triggered to pull part of a word from the next line back up into the
current line.</p>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level="7.3" id="hyphenate-char-limits"><span class="secno">7.3. </span><span class="content">
Hyphenation Character Limits: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-hyphenate-limit-chars">hyphenate-limit-chars</a> property</span><a class="self-link" href="#hyphenate-char-limits"></a></h3>
<table class="definition propdef">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Name:</th>
<td><dfn class="css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export="" id="propdef-hyphenate-limit-chars">hyphenate-limit-chars<a class="self-link" href="#propdef-hyphenate-limit-chars"></a></dfn></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Value:</th>
<td class="prod">[auto <a data-link-for="" data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> <integer>]<a data-link-for="" data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#mult-num-range" title="{A,B}">{1,3}</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Initial:</th>
<td>auto</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Applies to:</th>
<td>all elements</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Inherited:</th>
<td>yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Percentages:</th>
<td>n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Media:</th>
<td>visual</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Computed value:</th>
<td>as specified</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Animatable:</th>
<td>no</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>This property specifies the minimum number of characters in a
hyphenated word. If the word does not meet the required minimum
number of characters in the word / before the hyphen / after the
hyphen, then the word must not be hyphenated. Nonspacing combining
marks (<span class="issue" id="issue-5e9e02a8"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-5e9e02a8"></a>Unicode class</span>) and intra-word
punctuation (Unicode classes P*) do not count towards the minimum.</p>
<p>If three values are specified, the first value is the required
minimum for the total characters in a word, the second value is
the minimum for characters before the hyphenation point, and
the third value is the minimum for characters after the hyphenation
point. If the third value is missing, it is the same as the second.
If the second value is missing, then it is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-hyphenate-character-auto">auto</a>. The <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-hyphenate-character-auto">auto</a>
value means that the UA chooses a value that adapts to the current
layout.</p>
<p class="note" role="note">Unless the UA is able to calculate a better value, it
is suggested that <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-hyphenate-character-auto">auto</a> means 2 for before and after, and 5 for
the word total.
</p>
<div class="example">
In the example below, the minimum size of a hyphenated word is
left to the UA (which means it may vary depending on the language,
the length of the line, or other factors), but the minimum number
of characters before and after the hyphenation point is set to 3.
<pre>p { hyphenate-limit-chars: auto 3; }
</pre>
</div>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level="7.4" id="hyphenate-line-limits"><span class="secno">7.4. </span><span class="content">
Hyphenation Line Limits: the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-hyphenate-limit-lines">hyphenate-limit-lines</a> and <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-hyphenate-limit-last">hyphenate-limit-last</a> properties</span><a class="self-link" href="#hyphenate-line-limits"></a></h3>
<table class="definition propdef">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Name:</th>
<td><dfn class="css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export="" id="propdef-hyphenate-limit-lines">hyphenate-limit-lines<a class="self-link" href="#propdef-hyphenate-limit-lines"></a></dfn></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Value:</th>
<td class="prod">no-limit <a data-link-for="" data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> <integer></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Initial:</th>
<td>no-limit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Applies to:</th>
<td>block containers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Inherited:</th>
<td>yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Percentages:</th>
<td>n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Media:</th>
<td>visual</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Computed value:</th>
<td>as specified</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Animatable:</th>
<td>no</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>This property indicates the maximum number of successive hyphenated
lines in an element. The <span class="css">no-limit</span> value means that there is no limit.</p>
<p>In some cases, user agents may not be able to honor the specified value.
(See overflow-wrap.) It is not defined whether hyphenation introduced by
such emergency breaking influences nearby hyphenation points.</p>
<table class="definition propdef">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Name:</th>
<td><dfn class="css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export="" id="propdef-hyphenate-limit-last">hyphenate-limit-last<a class="self-link" href="#propdef-hyphenate-limit-last"></a></dfn></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Value:</th>
<td class="prod">none <a data-link-for="" data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> always <a data-link-for="" data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> column <a data-link-for="" data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> page <a data-link-for="" data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> spread</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Initial:</th>
<td>none</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Applies to:</th>
<td>block containers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Inherited:</th>
<td>yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Percentages:</th>
<td>n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Media:</th>
<td>visual</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Computed value:</th>
<td>as specified</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Animatable:</th>
<td>no</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>This property indicates hyphenation behavior at the end of elements,
column, pages and spreads. A spread is a set of two pages that are
visible to the reader at the same time. Values are:</p>
<dl data-dfn-for="hyphenate-limit-lines" data-dfn-type="value">
<dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="hyphenate-limit-lines" data-dfn-type="value" data-export="" id="valdef-hyphenate-limit-lines-none">none<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-hyphenate-limit-lines-none"></a></dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
No restrictions imposed.
</dd>
<dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="hyphenate-limit-lines" data-dfn-type="value" data-export="" id="valdef-hyphenate-limit-lines-always">always<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-hyphenate-limit-lines-always"></a></dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
The last full line of the element, or the last line before any
column, page, or spread break inside the element should not be
hyphenated.
</dd>
<dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="hyphenate-limit-lines" data-dfn-type="value" data-export="" id="valdef-hyphenate-limit-lines-column">column<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-hyphenate-limit-lines-column"></a></dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
The last line before any column, page, or spread break inside
the element should not be hyphenated.
</dd>
<dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="hyphenate-limit-lines" data-dfn-type="value" data-export="" id="valdef-hyphenate-limit-lines-page">page<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-hyphenate-limit-lines-page"></a></dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
The last line before page or spread break inside the element
should not be hyphenated.
</dd>
<dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="hyphenate-limit-lines" data-dfn-type="value" data-export="" id="valdef-hyphenate-limit-lines-spread">spread<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-hyphenate-limit-lines-spread"></a></dfn>
</dt>
<dd>
The last line before any spread break inside the element should
not be hyphenated.
</dd>
</dl>
<div class="example">
<pre>p { hyphenate-limit-last: always }
div.chapter { hyphenate-limit-last: spread }
</pre>
</div>
<div class="example">
<p>A paragraph may be formatted like this when 'hyphenate-limit-last: none' is set:</p>
<pre>This is just a
simple example
to show Antarc-
tica.
</pre>
<p>With 'hyphenate-limit-last: always' one would get:</p>
<pre>This is just a