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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en-US">
<head>
<meta charset=utf-8>
<title>CSS Object Model (CSSOM)</title>
<style>
.idl { border:solid thin; background:#eee; color:#000; padding:0.5em }
.idl :link, .idl :visited { color:inherit; background:transparent }
dfn { font-weight:bold; font-style:normal }
.example { margin-left:1em; padding-left:1em; border-left:double; color:#222; background:#fcfcfc }
.example table code { color:inherit }
td, th { padding:.1em }
.note { margin-left:2em; color:green; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold }
p.note::before { content:"Note: " }
.XXX { padding:.5em; border:solid red }
p.XXX::before { content:"Issue: " }
dl.switch { padding-left:2em }
dl.switch > dt { text-indent:-1.5em }
dl.switch > dt:before { content:'\21AA'; padding:0 0.5em 0 0; display:inline-block; width:1em; text-align:right; line-height:0.5em }
code { color:orangered }
code :link, code :visited { color:inherit }
span:not(.secno) { border-bottom:solid red }
.atrisk::before { position:absolute; left:30px; margin-top:-8px; width:25px; height:25px; padding:0 4px 8px; border:1px solid; content:'At risk';
font-size:smaller; background:white; color:gray; border-radius:25px; text-align:center }
td { vertical-align:baseline }
td, th { border:solid }
table { border:hidden; border-collapse:collapse }
.propdef { font:inherit; line-height:2.3 }
</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-[STATUS]">
</head>
<body class="draft">
<div class="head">
<!--logo-->
<h1>CSS Object Model (CSSOM)</h1>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id="w3c-doctype">[LONGSTATUS] [DATE: 3 August 2002]</h2>
<dl>
<dt>This Version:</dt>
<dd class=dontpublish><a href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/cssom/">http://dev.w3.org/csswg/cssom/</a></dd>
<dd class=publish><a href="[VERSION]">[VERSION]</a></dd>
<dt class=dontpublish>Participate:</dt>
<dd class=dontpublish><a href="mailto:www-style@w3.org?subject=%5Bcssom%5D%20">www-style@w3.org</a>
(<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/">archives</a>)</dd>
<dd class=dontpublish><a href="https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/enter_bug.cgi?product=CSS&component=CSSOM">File a bug</a>
(<a href="https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/buglist.cgi?component=CSSOM&product=CSS&resolution=---">open bugs</a>)
<script async="" src="https://w3c-test.org/resources.whatwg.org/file-bug.js"></script></dd>
<dd class=dontpublish><a href="irc://irc.w3.org:6665/css">IRC: #css on W3C</a></dd>
<dt class=publish>Latest Version:</dt>
<dd class=publish><a href="[LATEST]">[LATEST]</a></dd>
<dt class=publish>Latest Editor's draft:</dt>
<dd class=publish><a href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/cssom/">http://dev.w3.org/csswg/cssom/</a></dd>
<dt class=dontpublish>Previous Version:</dt>
<dd class=dontpublish><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-cssom-20110712/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-cssom-20110712/</a></dd>
<dd class=dontpublish><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Style-20001113/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Style-20001113/</a></dd>
<dt>Editors:</dt>
<dd><a>Simon Pieters</a>
(<a href="http://www.opera.com/">Opera Software ASA</a>)
<<a href="mailto:simponp@opera.com">simonp@opera.com</a>></dd>
<dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/wiki/User:Gadams">Glenn Adams</a>
(<a href="http://www.cox.com/">Cox Communications, Inc.</a>)
<<a href="mailto:glenn.adams@cox.com">glenn.adams@cox.com</a>></dd>
<dt>Previous Editor:</dt>
<dd><a href="http://annevankesteren.nl/">Anne van Kesteren</a>
(<a href="http://www.opera.com/">Opera Software ASA</a>)
<<a href="mailto:annevk@opera.com">annevk@opera.com</a>></dd>
</dl>
<!--copyright-->
</div>
<hr class="top">
<h2 class="no-num no-toc">Abstract</h2>
<p>CSSOM defines APIs (including generic parsing and serialization rules)
for Media Queries, Selectors, and of course CSS itself.</p>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id="sotd">Status of This Document</h2>
<p>This is a public copy of the editors' draft. It is provided for discussion only and may change at any moment.
Its publication here does not imply endorsement of its contents by W3C or by the CSS Working Group. Don't cite
this document other than as work in progress.</p>
<p class="note">Implementers should note well that this specification is an ongoing effort to sort out
what has been widely implemented and deployed from <span data-anolis-ref class=informative>DOM2STYLE</span> as well as common extensions thereto, some details
of which are currently interoperable and others which are not currently interoperable. As this specification moves
forward, it is hoped that these differences will be resolved and an unambiguous and adequate consensus-based
specification will emerge.</p>
<p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of
its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of
current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report
can be found in the
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">W3C technical reports index at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</a></em>
<p class="dontpublish">This is the [DATE: 3 August 2002] [LONGSTATUS] of CSSOM. Please send comments to
<a href="mailto:www-style@w3.org?subject=%5Bcssom%5D%20">www-style@w3.org</a>
(<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/">archived</a>)
with <samp>[cssom]</samp> at the start of the subject line.
<p class="publish">This is the [DATE] First Public Working Draft of CSSOM, produced by the
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/members">CSS Working Group</a> (part
of the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Style/">Style Activity</a>).
<!--XXX remove "First Public" after initial publication -->
<p>This document was produced by a group operating under the
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 W3C Patent Policy</a>.
W3C maintains a
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/32061/status" rel=disclosure>public list of any patent disclosures</a>
made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also
includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has
actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a>
must disclose the information in accordance with
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy</a>.</p>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id="toc">Table of Contents</h2>
<!--toc-->
<h2>Introduction</h2>
<p>This document formally specifies the core features of the CSS Object Model (CSSOM). Other documents in the CSSOM family of specifications
as well as other CSS related specifications define extensions to these core features.</p>
<p>The core features of the CSSOM are oriented towards providing basic capabilities to author-defined scripts to permit access to
and manipulation of style related state information and processes.</p>
<p>The features defined below are fundamentally based on prior specifications of the W3C DOM Working Group, primarily
<span data-anolis-ref class=informative>DOM2STYLE</span>. The purposes of the present document are (1) to improve on that prior work by providing
more technical specificity (so as to improve testability and interoperability), (2) to deprecate or remove certain less-widely implemented
features no longer considered to be essential in this context, and (3) to newly specify certain extensions that have been
or expected to be widely implemented.</p>
<p>A full list of the changes to API signatures can be found in <a href="#changes-from-dom-2-style"><cite>Changes from DOM-2 Style</cite></a>.</p>
<h2>Conformance</h2>
<p>All diagrams, examples, and notes in this specification are
non-normative, as are all sections explicitly marked non-normative.
Everything else in this specification is normative.
<p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", <!--"SHALL", "SHALL
NOT",--> "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in the normative parts of this document are to be
interpreted as described in RFC2119. For readability, these words do
not appear in all uppercase letters in this specification.
<span data-anolis-ref>RFC2119</span>
<p>Requirements phrased in the imperative as part of algorithms
(such as "strip any leading space characters" or "return false and
terminate these steps") are to be interpreted with the meaning of the
key word ("must", "should", "may", etc) used in introducing the
algorithm.
<p>Conformance requirements phrased as algorithms or specific steps
may be implemented in any manner, so long as the end result is
equivalent. (In particular, the algorithms defined in this
specification are intended to be easy to follow, and not intended to
be performant.)
<p id="hardwareLimitations">User agents may impose
implementation-specific limits on otherwise unconstrained inputs,
e.g. to prevent denial of service attacks, to guard against running
out of memory, or to work around platform-specific limitations.
<p>When a method or an attribute is said to call another method or attribute, the user agent must invoke its internal API for that attribute or method so that
e.g. the author can't change the behavior by overriding attributes or methods with custom properties or functions in ECMAScript.
<p>Unless otherwise stated, string comparisons are done in a
<span data-anolis-spec=dom>case-sensitive</span> manner.
<h2>Terminology</h2>
<p>This specification employs certain terminology from the following documents:
<cite>DOM</cite>,
<cite>HTML</cite>,
<cite>URL</cite>,
<!--<cite>Fetch</cite>,-->
<cite>Associating Style Sheets with XML documents</cite>
and
<cite>XML</cite>.
<span data-anolis-ref>DOM</span>
<span data-anolis-ref>HTML</span>
<span data-anolis-ref>URL</span>
<!--<span data-anolis-ref>CORS</span>-->
<span data-anolis-ref>XMLSS</span>
<span data-anolis-ref>XML</span>
<p>When this specification talks about object
<code><var title>A</var></code> where <code><var title>A</var></code> is actually an interface, it generally means an object implementing interface
<code><var title>A</var></code>.</p>
<p>The terms <dfn>whitespace</dfn>, <dfn>ignored</dfn>, <dfn>specified value</dfn>, <dfn>computed value</dfn> and <dfn>used value</dfn> are defined in CSS.
<span data-anolis-ref>CSS</span>
<p>The terms <dfn>simple selector</dfn>, <dfn>sequence of simple selectors</dfn>, <dfn>universal selector</dfn> and <dfn>group of selectors</dfn> are defined in
Selectors. <span data-anolis-ref>SELECTORS</span>
<p>The terms <dfn>namespace prefix</dfn> and <dfn>default namespace</dfn> are defined in CSS Namespaces Module. <span data-anolis-ref>CSSNAMESPACES</span>
<p>The term <dfn>list of CSS page selectors</dfn> refers to the comma-separated list of page selectors, as defined in CSS Paged Media Module.
<span data-anolis-ref>CSSPAGE</span>
<p>The terms <dfn>set</dfn> and <dfn>clear</dfn> to refer to the true and
false values of binary flags or variables, respectively. These terms are also used as verbs in which case they refer to
mutating some value to make it true or false, respectively.</p>
<p>The term <dfn>supported styling language</dfn> refers to CSS.
<p class=note>If another styling language becomes supported in user agents, this specification is expected to be updated as necessary.
<p>The terms <dfn>::before pseudo-element</dfn> and <dfn>::after pseudo-element</dfn> refer to the :before and :after pseudo-elements in CSS, except in this
specification the pseudo-elements are assumed to exist for all elements even if no box is generated for them. <span data-anolis-ref>CSS</span>
<h3>Common Serializing Idioms</h3>
<p>To <dfn>escape a character</dfn> means to create a string of
"<code title>\</code>" (U+005C), followed by the character.</p>
<p>To <dfn>escape a character as code point</dfn> means to create a
string of "<code title>\</code>" (U+005C), followed by the Unicode code point as
the smallest possible number of hexadecimal digits in the range 0-9 a-f
(U+0030 to U+0039 and U+0061 to U+0066) to represent the code point in
base 16, followed by a single SPACE (U+0020).</p>
<p>To <dfn>serialize an identifier</dfn> means to create a string represented
by the concatenation of, for each character of the identifier:</p>
<ul>
<li>If the character is NULL (U+0000), then <span data-anolis-spec=dom title=concept-throw>throw</span> an
<code data-anolis-spec=dom>InvalidCharacterError</code> exception and terminate these steps.</li>
<li>If the character is in the range [\1-\1f] (U+0001 to U+001F) or
[\7f-\9f] (U+007F to U+009F), then the character
<span title="escape a character as code point">escaped as code point</span>.</li>
<li>If the character is the first character and is in the range [0-9]
(U+0030 to U+0039), then the character
<span title="escape a character as code point">escaped as code point</span>.</li>
<li>If the character is the second character and is in the range [0-9]
(U+0030 to U+0039) and the first character is a "<code title>-</code>"
(U+002D), then the character
<span title="escape a character as code point">escaped as code point</span>.</li>
<li>If the character is the second character and is "<code title>-</code>"
(U+002D) and the first character is "<code title>-</code>" as well, then the
<span title="escape a character">escaped</span> character.</li>
<li>If the character is not handled by one of the above rules and is
greater than or equal to U+0080, is "<code title>-</code>" (U+002D) or
"<code title>_</code>" (U+005F), or is in one of the ranges [0-9] (U+0030 to
U+0039), [A-Z] (U+0041 to U+005A), or [a-z] (U+0061 to U+007A), then the character
itself.</li>
<li>Otherwise, the <span title="escape a character">escaped</span>
character.</li>
</ul>
<p>To <dfn>serialize a string</dfn> means to create a string represented
by '"' (U+0022), followed by the result of applying the rules
below to each character of the given string, followed by
'"' (U+0022):</p>
<ul>
<li>If the character is NULL (U+0000), then <span data-anolis-spec=dom title=concept-throw>throw</span> an
<code data-anolis-spec=dom>InvalidCharacterError</code> exception and terminate these steps.</li>
<li>If the character is in the range [\1-\1f] (U+0001 to U+001F) or [\7f-\9f] (U+007F to
U+009F), the character <span title="escape a character as code point">escaped as code point</span>.</li>
<li>If the character is '"' (U+0022) or "<code title>\</code>"
(U+005C), the <span title="escape a character">escaped</span> character.</li>
<li>Otherwise, the character itself.</li>
</ul>
<p class="note">"<code title>'</code>" (U+0027) is not escaped because strings
are always serialized with '"' (U+0022).</p>
<p>To <dfn>serialize a URL</dfn> means to create a string represented by
"<code title>url(</code>", followed by the
<span title="serialize a string">string escaped</span> value of the given
string, followed by "<code title>)</code>".</p>
<p>To <dfn>serialize a comma-separated list</dfn> concatenate all items of
the list in list order while separating them by "<code title>, </code>", i.e.,
COMMA (U+002C) followed by a single SPACE (U+0020).</p>
<p>To <dfn>serialize a whitespace-separated list</dfn> concatenate all
items of the list in list order while separating them by "<code title> </code>", i.e.,
a single SPACE (U+0020).</p>
<p class="note">When serializing a list according to the above rules,
extraneous whitespace is not inserted prior to the first item or subsequent to
the last item. Unless otherwise specified, an empty list is serialized as the
empty string.</p>
<h2>Media Queries</h2>
<p>Media queries are defined by the Media Queries specification. This
section defines various concepts around media queries, including their API
and serialization form.</p>
<!-- XXX ref -->
<h3>Parsing Media Queries</h3>
<p>To
<dfn>parse a media query list</dfn> for a
given string <var title>s</var> into a media query list is defined in
the Media Queries specification. Return the list of one or more media
queries that the algorithm defined there gives.</p> <!-- XXX ref -->
<p class="note">A media query that ends up being "ignored" will turn
into "<code title>not all</code>".</p>
<p>To
<dfn>parse a media query</dfn> for a given string
<var title>s</var> means to follow the
<span>parse a media query list</span> steps and return null if more
than one media query is returned or a media query if a
single media query is returned.</p>
<p class="note">Again, a media query that ends up being "ignored" will
turn into "<code title>not all</code>".</p>
<h3>Serializing Media Queries</h3>
<p>To
<dfn>serialize a media query list</dfn>
run these steps:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>If the media query list is empty return the empty string and
terminate these steps.</p></li>
<li><p><span title="serialize a media query">Serialize</span> each
media query in the list of media queries, sort them in lexicographical
order, and then
<span title="serialize a comma-separated list">serialize</span> the
list.</p></li>
</ol>
<p>To
<dfn>serialize a media query</dfn> let
<var title>s</var> be the empty string, run the steps below, and
finally return <var title>s</var>:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>If the media query is negated append "<code title>not</code>", followed
by a single SPACE (U+0020), to <var title>s</var>.</p></li>
<li><p>Let <var title>type</var> be the media type of the media query,
<span title="serialize an identifier">escaped</span> and
<span data-anolis-spec=dom>converted to ASCII lowercase</span>.</p></li>
<li><p>If the media query does not contain media features append
<var title>type</var>, to <var title>s</var>,
then return <var title>s</var> and terminate this algorithm.</p></li>
<li><p>If <var title>type</var> is not "<code title>all</code>" or if the
media query is negated append <var title>type</var>, followed by a
single SPACE (U+0020), followed by "<code title>and</code>", followed by a single SPACE
(U+0020), to <var title>s</var>.</p></li>
<li><p>Sort the media features in lexicographical order.</p></li>
<li>
<p>Then, for each media feature:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>Append a "<code title>(</code>" (U+0028), followed by the media feature
name, <span data-anolis-spec=dom>converted to ASCII lowercase</span>,
to <var title>s</var>.</p></li>
<li><p>If a value is given append a "<code title>:</code>" (U+003A), followed
by a single SPACE (U+0020), followed by the
<span title="serialize a media feature value">serialized media feature value</span>,
to <var title>s</var>.</p></li>
<li><p>Append a "<code title>)</code>" (U+0029) to
<var title>s</var>.</p></li>
<li><p>If this is not the last media feature append a single SPACE (U+0020),
followed by "<code title>and</code>", followed by a single SPACE (U+0020), to
<var title>s</var>.</p></li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="example">
<p>Here are some examples of input (first column) and output (second
column):</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr><th>Input<th>Output
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><pre>not screen and (min-WIDTH:5px) AND (max-width:40px)</pre>
<td><pre>not screen and (max-width: 40px) and (min-width: 5px)</pre>
<tr>
<td><pre>all and (color) and (color)</pre>
<td><pre>(color)</pre>
</table>
</div>
<h4>Serializing Media Feature Values</h4>
<p class="XXX">This should probably be done in terms of mapping it to
serializing CSS values as media features are defined in terms of CSS
values after all.</p>
<p>To <dfn>serialize a media feature value</dfn>
named <var title>v</var> locate <var title>v</var> in the first
column of the table below and use the serialization format described in
the second column:</p>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Media Feature
<th>Serialization
<tr>
<td>'width'
<td>...
<tr>
<td>'height'
<td>...
<tr>
<td>'device-width'
<td>...
<tr>
<td>'device-height'
<td>...
<tr>
<td>'orientation'
<td>
<p>If the value is 'portrait': "<code title>portrait</code>".</p>
<p>If the value is 'landscape': "<code title>landscape</code>".</p>
<tr>
<td>'aspect-ratio'
<td>...
<tr>
<td>'device-aspect-ratio'
<td>...
<tr>
<td>'color'
<td>...
<tr>
<td>'color-index'
<td>...
<tr>
<td>'monochrome'
<td>...
<tr>
<td>'resolution'
<td>...
<tr>
<td>'scan'
<td>
<p>If the value is 'progressive': "<code title>progressive</code>".</p>
<p>If the value is 'interlace': "<code title>interlace</code>".</p>
<tr>
<td>'grid'
<td>...
</table>
<p>Other specifications can extend this table and vendor-prefixed media
features can have custom serialization formats as well.</p>
<h3>Comparing Media Queries</h3>
<p>To
<dfn>compare media queries</dfn>
<var title>m1</var> and <var title>m2</var> means to
<span title="serialize a media query">serialize</span> them both and
return true if they are a
<span data-anolis-spec=dom>case-sensitive</span> match and false if they
are not.</p>
<h3>The <code title>MediaList</code> Interface</h3>
<!--
//
// All members defined since DOM-2 Style. The only differences are:
//
// 1. addition of stringifier qualifier on mediaText
// 2. addition of getter qualifier on item
// 3. removal of raises(DOMException) from {append,delete}Medium
//
-->
<p>An object that implements the <code>MediaList</code> interface has an associated <dfn>collection of media queries</dfn>.</p>
<pre class=idl>[<span title=dom-MediaList>Constructor</span>(DOMString text)]
interface <dfn>MediaList</dfn> {
stringifier attribute DOMString <span title=dom-MediaList-mediaText>mediaText</span>;
readonly attribute unsigned long <span title=dom-MediaList-length>length</span>;
getter DOMString <span title=dom-MediaList-item>item</span>(unsigned long index);
void <span title=dom-MediaList-appendMedium>appendMedium</span>(DOMString medium);
void <span title=dom-MediaList-deleteMedium>deleteMedium</span>(DOMString medium);
};</pre>
<p>The object's <span data-anolis-spec=webidl>supported property indices</span> are the numbers in the range zero to one less than the number of media queries
in the <span>collection of media queries</span> represented by the collection. If there are no such media queries, then there are no
<span data-anolis-spec=webidl>supported property indices</span>.
<p>When the <dfn title=dom-MediaList><code>MediaList(<var title>text</var>)</code></dfn> constructor is invoked, the <span>create a <code>MediaList</code>
object</span> steps must be run with the string <var title>text</var>.</p>
<p>To <dfn>create a <code>MediaList</code> object</dfn> with a string <var title>text</var>, run the following steps:
<ol>
<li><p>Create a new <code>MediaList</code> object.</p></li>
<li><p>Set its <code title='dom-MediaList-mediaText'>mediaText</code> attribute to <var title>text</var>.</p></li>
<li><p>Return the newly created <code>MediaList</code> object.</p></li>
</ol>
<p>The <dfn title=dom-MediaList-mediaText><code>mediaText</code></dfn> attribute, on getting, must return a
<span title='serialize a media query list'>serialization</span> of the <span>collection of media queries</span>.</p>
<p>Setting the <code title=dom-MediaList-mediaText>mediaText</code> attribute must run these steps:
<ol>
<li><p>Empty the <span>collection of media queries</span>.</p></li>
<li><p>If the given value is the empty string terminate these steps.</p></li>
<li><p>Append all the media queries as a result of <span title='parse a media query list'>parsing</span> the given
value to the <span>collection of media queries</span>.</p></li>
</ol>
<p>The <dfn title=dom-MediaList-item><code>item(<var title>index</var>)</code></dfn> method must return the media query in the <span>collection of media
queries</span> given by <var title>index</var>, or null, if <var title>index</var> is greater than or equal to the number of media queries in the
<span>collection of media queries</span>.</p>
<p>The <dfn title=dom-MediaList-length><code>length</code></dfn> attribute must return the number of media queries in the <span>collection of media
queries</span>.</p>
<p>The <dfn title=dom-MediaList-appendMedium><code>appendMedium(<var title>medium</var>)</code></dfn> method must run these steps:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>Let <var title>m</var> be the result of <span title='parse a media query'>parsing</span> the given value.</p></li>
<li><p>If <var title>m</var> is null terminate these steps.</p></li>
<li><p>If <span title='compare media queries'>comparing</span> <var title>m</var> with any of the media queries in the
<span>collection of media queries</span> returns true terminate these steps.</p></li>
<li><p>Append <var title>m</var> to the <span>collection of media queries</span>.</p></li>
</ol>
<p>The <dfn title=dom-MediaList-deleteMedium><code>deleteMedium(<var title>medium</var>)</code></dfn> method must run these steps:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>Let <var title>m</var> be the result of <span title='parse a media query'>parsing</span> the given value.</p></li>
<li><p>If <var title>m</var> is null terminate these steps.</p></li>
<li><p>Remove any media query from the <span>collection of media queries</span> for which
<span title='compare media queries'>comparing</span> the media query with <var title>m</var> returns true.</p></li>
</ol>
<h2>Selectors</h2>
<p>Selectors are defined in the Selectors specification. This section
mainly defines how to serialize them.</p> <!-- XXX ref -->
<!-- XXX ref universal selector etc? some are in <span> some not -->
<h3>Parsing Selectors</h3>
<p>To
<dfn>parse a group of selectors</dfn>
means to parse the value using the <code title>selectors_group</code>
production defined in the Selectors specification and return either a
group of selectors if parsing did not fail or null if parsing did
fail.</p> <!-- XXX ref -->
<h3>Serializing Selectors</h3>
<!-- http://dump.testsuite.org/2009/cssom/serializing-selectors.htm -->
<p>To
<dfn>serialize a group of selectors</dfn>
<span title="serialize a selector">serialize</span> each selector in the
group of selectors and then
<span title="serialize a comma-separated list">serialize</span> the
group.</p>
<p>To <dfn>serialize a selector</dfn> let
<var title>s</var> be the empty string, run the steps below for each
part of the chain of the selector, and finally return
<var title>s</var>:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>If there is only one <span>simple selector</span> in the
<span>sequence of simple selectors</span> which is a
<span>universal selector</span>, append the result of
<span title="serialize a simple selector">serializing</span> the
<span>universal selector</span> to <var title>s</var>.</p></li>
<li><p>Otherwise, for each <span>simple selector</span> in the
<span>sequence of simple selectors</span> that is not a
universal selector of which the <span>namespace prefix</span> maps to
the null namespace (not in a namespace) or of which the
<span>namespace prefix</span> maps to a namespace that is not the
<span>default namespace</span>
<span title="serialize a simple selector">serialize</span> the
<span>simple selector</span> and append the result to
<var title>s</var>.</p></li>
<li><p>If this is not the last part of the chain of the selector append a
single SPACE (U+0020), followed by the combinator
"<code title>></code>",
"<code title>+</code>", or
"<code title>~</code>"
as appropriate, followed by another single SPACE (U+0020) if the combinator was
not whitespace, to <var title>s</var>.</p></li>
<li><p>If this is the last part of the chain of the selector and there is
a pseudo-element, append "<code title>::</code>" followed by the name of the
pseudo-class, to <var title>s</var>.</p></li>
</ol>
<p>To
<dfn>serialize a simple selector</dfn>
let <var title>s</var> be the empty string, run the steps below, and
finally return <var title>s</var>:</p>
<dl class="switch">
<dt>type selector</dt>
<dt>universal selector</dt>
<dd>
<ol>
<li><p>If the <span>namespace prefix</span> maps to a namespace that is
not the <span>default namespace</span> and is not the
null namespace (not in a namespace) append the
<span title="serialize an identifier">escaped</span>
<span>namespace prefix</span>, followed by a "<code title>|</code>" (U+007C)
to <var title>s</var>.</p></li>
<li><p>If the <span>namespace prefix</span> maps to a namespace that is
the null namespace (not in a namespace) append
"<code title>|</code>" (U+007C) to <var title>s</var>.</p></li>
<!-- This includes |* -->
<li><p>If this is a type selector append the
<span title="serialize an identifier">escaped</span> element name to
<var title>s</var>.</p></li>
<li><p>If this is a universal selector append "<code title>*</code>" (U+002A)
to <var title>s</var>.</p></li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>attribute selector</dt>
<dd>
<ol>
<li><p>Append "<code title>[</code>" (U+005B) to
<var title>s</var>.</p></li>
<li><p>If the <span>namespace prefix</span> maps to a namespace that is
not the null namespace (not in a namespace) append the
<span title="serialize an identifier">escaped</span>
<span>namespace prefix</span>, followed by a "<code title>|</code>" (U+007C)
to <var title>s</var>.</p></li>
<li><p>If the <span>namespace prefix</span> maps to a namespace that is
the null namespace (not in a namespace) append
"<code title>|</code>" (U+007C) to <var title>s</var>.</p></li>
<!-- This includes |* -->
<li><p>Append the <span title="serialize an identifier">escaped</span>
attribute name to <var title>s</var>.</p></li>
<li><p>If there is an attribute value specified, append
"<code title>=</code>",
"<code title>~=</code>",
"<code title>|=</code>",
"<code title>^=</code>",
"<code title>$=</code>", or
"<code title>*=</code>"
as appropriate (depending on the type of attribute selector), followed
by the <span title="serialize a string">string escaped</span>
attribute value, to <var title>s</var>.</p></li>
<li><p>Append "<code title>]</code>" (U+005D) to
<var title>s</vaR>.</p></li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>class selector</dt>
<dd><p>Append a "<code title>.</code>" (U+002E), followed by the
<span title="serialize an identifier">escaped</span> class name to
<var title>s</var>.</p></dd>
<dt>ID selector</dt>
<dd><p>Append a "<code title>#</code>" (U+0023), followed by the
<span title="serialize an identifier">escaped</span> ID to
<var title>s</var>.</p></dd>
<dt>pseudo-class</dt>
<dd>
<p>If the pseudo-class does not accept arguments append
"<code title>:</code>" (U+003A), followed by the name of the pseudo-class, to
<var title>s</var>.</p>
<p>Otherwise, append "<code title>:</code>" (U+003A), followed by the name of
the pseudo-class, followed by "<code title>(</code>" (U+0028), followed by the
value of the pseudo-class argument determined as per below, followed by
"<code title>)</code>" (U+0029), to <var title>s</var>.</p>
<dl class="switch">
<dt><code title>:lang()</code></dt>
<dd><p>The <span title="serialize an identifier">escaped</span>
value.</p></dd>
<dt><code title>:nth-child()</code></dt>
<dt><code title>:nth-last-child()</code></dt>
<dt><code title>:nth-of-type()</code></dt>
<dt><code title>:nth-last-of-type()</code></dt>
<dd>
<ol>
<li><p>If the value is odd let the value be
"<code title>2n+1</code>".</p></li>
<li><p>If the value is even let the value be
"<code title>2n</code>".</p></li>
<li><p>If <var title>a</var> is zero let the value be
<var title>b</var>
<span title="serialize a CSS component value">serialized</span> as <integer>.</p></li>
<li><p>If <var title>a</var> is one or minus one and
<var title>b</var> is zero let the value be
"<code title>n</code>" (U+006E).</p></li>
<li><p>If <var title>a</var> is one or minus one let the value be
"<code title>n</code>" (U+006E), followed by
"<code title>+</code>" (U+002B) if <var title>b</var> is positive,
followed by <var title>b</var>
<span title="serialize a CSS component value">serialized</span> as <integer>.</p></li>
<li><p>If <var title>b</var> is zero let the value be
<var title>a</var>
<span title="serialize a CSS component value">serialized</span> as <integer>,
followed by "<code title>n</code>" (U+006E).</p></li>
<li><p>Otherwise let the value be
<var title>a</var>
<span title="serialize a CSS component value">serialized</span> as <integer>,
followed by "<code title>n</code>" (U+006E), followed by
"<code title>+</code>" (U+002B) if <var title>b</var> is positive,
followed by <var title>b</var>
<span title="serialize a CSS component value">serialized</span> as <integer>.</p></li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt><code title>:not()</code></dt>
<dd><p>The result of serializing the value using the rules for
<span title="serialize a group of selectors">serializing a group of selectors</span>.</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<h2>CSS</h2>
<h3>CSS Style Sheets</h3>
<!-- XXX
element inserted into the DOM, style sheet created, element removed from
the DOM, what happens to StyleSheet?
-->
<p>A <dfn>CSS style sheet</dfn> is an abstract concept that
represents a style sheet as defined by the CSS specification. In the CSSOM a
<span>CSS style sheet</span> is represented as a <code>CSSStyleSheet</code> object. A
<span>CSS style sheet</span> has a number of associated state items:</p>
<dl>
<dt><dfn title=concept-css-style-sheet-type>type</dfn></dt>
<dd><p>The literal string "<code title>text/css</code>".</p></dd>
<dt><dfn title=concept-css-style-sheet-location>location</dfn></dt>
<dd><p>The <span data-anolis-spec=url title=concept-url>URL</span> of the
<span>CSS style sheet</span> or null if the <span>CSS style sheet</span> was
embedded.</p></dd>
<dt><dfn title=concept-css-style-sheet-parent>parent</dfn></dt>
<dd><p>The <span>CSS style sheet</span> that is the parent of the
<span>CSS style sheet</span> or null if there is no associated parent.</p></dd>
<dt><dfn title=concept-css-style-sheet-owner-node>owner node</dfn></dt>
<dd><p>The DOM node associated with the <span>CSS style sheet</span> or
null if there is no associated DOM node.</p></dd>
<dt><dfn title=concept-css-style-sheet-owner-css-rule>owner CSS rule</dfn></dt>
<dd><p>The <span>CSS rule</span> in the <span title=concept-css-style-sheet-parent>parent</span>
that caused the inclusion of the <span>CSS style sheet</span> or null if
there is no associated rule.</p></dd>
<dt><dfn title=concept-css-style-sheet-media>media</dfn></dt>
<dd>
<p>The <code>MediaList</code> object associated with the
<span>CSS style sheet</span>.</p>
<p>If this property is set to a string run the
<span>create a <code>MediaList</code> object</span> steps for that
string and associate the returned object with the
<span>CSS style sheet</span>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><dfn title=concept-css-style-sheet-title>title</dfn></dt>
<dd>
<p>The title of the <span>CSS style sheet</span> or null if no title
is specified or is the empty string, in which case the title is referred to
as an empty title.</p>
<div class="example">
<p>In the following, the <span title=concept-css-style-sheet-title>title</span> is non-empty
for the first style sheet, but is empty for the second and third style sheets.</p>
<pre><style title="papaya whip">
body { background: #ffefd5; }
</style></pre>
<pre><style title="">
body { background: orange; }
</style></pre>
<pre><style>
body { background: brown; }
</style></pre>
</div>
</dd>
<dt><dfn title=concept-css-style-sheet-alternate-flag>alternate flag</dfn></dt>
<dd>
<p>Either set or clear. Clear by default.</p>
<div class="example">
<p>The following <span title="CSS style sheet">CSS style sheets</span> have
their <span title=concept-css-style-sheet-alternate-flag>alternate flag</span> set:</p>
<pre><?xml-stylesheet alternate="yes" title="x" href="data:text/css,…"?></pre>
<pre><link rel="alternate stylesheet" title="x" href="data:text/css,…"></pre>
</div>
</dd>
<dt><dfn title=concept-css-style-sheet-disabled-flag>disabled flag</dfn></dt>
<dd>
<p>Either set or clear. Clear by default.</p>
<p class="note">Even when clear it does not necessarily mean that the
<span>CSS style sheet</span> is actually used for rendering.</p>
</dd>
<dt><dfn title=concept-css-style-sheet-css-rules>CSS rules</dfn></dt>
<dd><p>The <span title="CSS rule">CSS rules</span> associated with the
<span>CSS style sheet</span>.</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>When you are to <span>create a CSS style sheet</span> the above properties,
with the exception of <span title=concept-css-style-sheet-type>type</span> and
<span title=concept-css-style-sheet-css-rules>CSS rules</span>, are to be set to
their proper values.</p>
<!-- same-origin restrictions -->
<h4>The <code title>StyleSheet</code> Interface</h4>
<!--
//
// All members defined since DOM-2 Style. Only difference
// is addition of [PutForwards=mediaText], which is presently
// not defined in CSSOM draft.
//
-->
<p>The <code>StyleSheet</code> interface represents an abstract, base style sheet.</p>
<pre class=idl>interface <dfn>StyleSheet</dfn> {
readonly attribute DOMString <span title=dom-StyleSheet-type>type</span>;
readonly attribute DOMString? <span title=dom-StyleSheet-href>href</span>;
readonly attribute (<span data-anolis-spec=dom>Element</span> or <span data-anolis-spec=dom>ProcessingInstruction</span>)? <!--
--><span title=dom-StyleSheet-ownerNode>ownerNode</span>;
readonly attribute <span>StyleSheet</span>? <span title=dom-StyleSheet-parentStyleSheet>parentStyleSheet</span>;
readonly attribute DOMString? <span title=dom-StyleSheet-title>title</span>;
readonly attribute <span>MediaList</span> <span title=dom-StyleSheet-media>media</span>;
attribute boolean <span title=dom-StyleSheet-disabled>disabled</span>;
};</pre>
<p>The <dfn title=dom-StyleSheet-type><code>type</code></dfn> attribute must return the <span title=concept-css-style-sheet-type>type</span>.</p>
<p>The <dfn title=dom-StyleSheet-href><code>href</code></dfn> attribute must return the <span title=concept-css-style-sheet-location>location</span> or null if
none.</p>
<p class='XXX'>What should the default value be if not known or specified upon creation? an empty string or null?</p>
<p>The <dfn title=dom-StyleSheet-ownerNode><code>ownerNode</code></dfn> attribute must return the <span title=concept-css-style-sheet-owner-node>owner
node</span> or null if there is none.</p>
<p>The <dfn title=dom-StyleSheet-parentStyleSheet><code>parentStyleSheet</code></dfn> attribute must return the
<span title=concept-css-style-sheet-parent>parent</span> or null if there is none.</p>
<p>The <dfn title=dom-StyleSheet-title><code>title</code></dfn> attribute must return the <span title=concept-css-style-sheet-title>title</span> or null if
none.</p>
<p class='XXX'>What should the default value be if not known or specified upon creation? an empty string or null?</p>
<p>The <dfn title=dom-StyleSheet-media><code>media</code></dfn> attribute must return the <span title=concept-css-style-sheet-media>media</span>.</p>
<p class='XXX'>Should it be nullable?</p>
<p class='XXX'>Need to define a setter that implements the semantics of setting this attribute to a string representing a MediaList.</p>
<p>The <dfn title=dom-StyleSheet-disabled><code>disabled</code></dfn> attribute, on getting, must return true if the
<span title=concept-css-style-sheet-disabled-flag>disabled flag</span>
is set, or false otherwise. On setting, the <code title=dom-StyleSheet-disabled>disabled</code> attribute must set the
<span title=concept-css-style-sheet-disabled-flag>disabled flag</span> if the new value is true, or unset the
<span title=concept-css-style-sheet-disabled-flag>disabled flag</span> otherwise.</p>
<h4>The <code title>CSSStyleSheet</code> Interface</h4>
<!--
//
// All members defined since DOM-2 Style. The only differences are:
//
// 1. removal of raises(DOMException) on {insert,delete}Rule operations.
//
-->
<p>The <code>CSSStyleSheet</code> interface represents a CSS <span>CSS style sheet</span> rule.</p>
<pre class=idl>interface <dfn>CSSStyleSheet</dfn> : <span>StyleSheet</span> {
readonly attribute <span>CSSRule</span>? <span title=dom-CSSStyleSheet-ownerRule>ownerRule</span>;
readonly attribute <span>CSSRuleList</span> <span title=dom-CSSStyleSheet-cssRules>cssRules</span>;
unsigned long <span title=dom-CSSStyleSheet-insertRule>insertRule</span>(DOMString rule, unsigned long index);
void <span title=dom-CSSStyleSheet-deleteRule>deleteRule</span>(unsigned long index);
};</pre>
<p>The <dfn title=dom-CSSStyleSheet-ownerRule><code>ownerRule</code></dfn> attribute must return the <span title=concept-css-style-sheet-owner-css-rule>owner
CSS rule</span> or null if none. If a value other than null is ever returned, than that same value must always be returned on each get access.</p>
<p>The <dfn title=dom-CSSStyleSheet-cssRules><code>cssRules</code></dfn> attribute must return a read-only, live <code>CSSRuleList</code> object representing
the <span title=concept-css-style-sheet-css-rules>CSS rules</span>. The same object must be returned on each get access.</p>
<p class='note'>Even though the returned <code>CSSRuleList</code> object is read-only (from the perspective of
client-authored script), it can nevertheless change over time due to its liveness status. For example, invoking
the <code title=dom-CSSStyleSheet-insertRule>insertRule()</code> or <code title=dom-CSSStyleSheet-deleteRule>deleteRule()</code> methods can result in mutations
reflected in the returned object.</p>
<p>The <dfn title=dom-CSSStyleSheet-insertRule><code>insertRule(<var title>rule</var>, <var title>index</var>)</code></dfn> method must <span>insert a CSS
rule</span> <var title>rule</var> in the CSS rule list returned by <code title=dom-CSSStyleSheet-cssRules>cssRules</code> at <var title>index</var>, and return
<var title>index</var>.
<p>The <dfn title=dom-CSSStyleSheet-deleteRule><code>deleteRule(<var title>index</var>)</code></dfn> method must <span>remove a CSS rule</span> in the CSS rule
list returned by <code title=dom-CSSStyleSheet-cssRules>cssRules</code> at <var title>index</var>.
<h3>CSS Style Sheet Collections</h3>
<p>Below various new concepts are defined that are associated with each
<code data-anolis-spec=dom>Document</code> object.</p>
<p>Each <code data-anolis-spec=dom>Document</code> has an associated list of zero or more
<span title="CSS style sheet">CSS style sheets</span>, named the
<dfn>document CSS style sheets</dfn>. This is
an ordered list that contains all
<span title="CSS style sheet">CSS style sheets</span> associated with the
<code data-anolis-spec=dom>Document</code>, in
<span data-anolis-spec=dom title=concept-tree-order>tree order</span>, with
<span title="CSS style sheet">CSS style sheets</span> created from HTTP
<code title="http-link">Link</code> headers first, if any, in header
order.</p>
<p>To <dfn>create a CSS style sheet</dfn>, run these
steps:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>Create a new <span>CSS style sheet</span> object and set its
properties as specified.</p></li>
<li><p>Then run the <span>add a CSS style sheet</span> steps for the newly
created <span>CSS style sheet</span>.</p></li>
</ol>
<p>To <dfn>add a CSS style sheet</dfn>, run these
steps:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>Add the <span>CSS style sheet</span> to the list of
<span>document CSS style sheets</span> at the appropriate location. The