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[css-text] Intro
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‎css-text/Overview.html‎

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rel=dcterms.rights>
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<meta content="CSS Text Module Level 3 (CSS3 Text)" name=dcterms.title>
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<meta content=text name=dcterms.type>
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<meta content=2013-06-10 name=dcterms.date>
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<meta content=2013-06-14 name=dcterms.date>
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<meta content="Elika J. Etemad" name=dcterms.creator>
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<meta content="Koji Ishii" name=dcterms.creator>
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<meta content=W3C name=dcterms.publisher>
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<h1>CSS Text Module Level 3</h1>
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<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=longstatus-date>Editor's Draft 10 June 2013</h2>
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<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=longstatus-date>Editor's Draft 14 June 2013</h2>
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<dl>
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<dt>This version:</dt>
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<!--
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<dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-css3-text-20130610/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-css3-text-20130610/</a></dd>
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<dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-css3-text-20130614/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-css3-text-20130614/</a></dd>
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-->
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<dd><a
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class=property>word-spacing</code></a>’
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<li>minimum and maximum limits of ‘<a href="#word-spacing0"><code
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class=property>word-spacing</code></a>’ and ‘<a
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href="#letter-spacing0"><code class=property>letter-spacing</code></a>’
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class=property>word-spacing</code></a>’
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<li>the ‘<a href="#hanging-punctuation0"><code
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class=property>hanging-punctuation</code></a>’ property
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<li><a href="#transforming"><span class=secno>2. </span> Transforming
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Text</a>
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<ul class=toc>
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<li><a href="#text-transform"><span class=secno>2.1. </span>
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Transforming Text: the ‘<code class=property>text-transform</code>’
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<li><a href="#text-transform"><span class=secno>2.1. </span> Case
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Transforms: the ‘<code class=property>text-transform</code>’
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property</a>
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</ul>
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<h2 id=intro><span class=secno>1. </span> Introduction</h2>
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<p>[document here]
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<p>This module describes the typesetting controls of CSS; that is, the
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features of CSS that control the translation of source text to formatted,
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line-wrapped text. Various CSS properties provide control over <a
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href="#transforming">case transformation</a>, <a href="#white-space">white
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space collapsing</a>, <a href="#white-space">text wrapping</a>, <a
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href="#line-breaking">line breaking rules</a> and <a
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href="#hyphenation">hyphenation</a>, <a href="#justification">alignment
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and justification</a>, <a href="#spacing">spacing</a>, and <a
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href="#edge-effects">indentation</a>.
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<div class=note>
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<p>Font selection is covered in <a
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href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-fonts/">CSS Fonts Level 3</a> <a
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href="#CSS3-FONTS" rel=biblioentry>[CSS3-FONTS]<!--{{CSS3-FONTS}}--></a>.
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<p> <a name=decoration></a> <a name=text-decoration></a> <a
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name=line-decoration></a> <a name=text-decoration-line></a> <a
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name=text-decoration-color></a> <a name=text-decoration-style></a> <a
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name=text-decoration-skip></a> <a name=text-underline-position></a> <a
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name=emphasis-marks></a> <a name=text-emphasis-style></a> <a
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name=text-emphasis-color></a> <a name=text-emphasis></a> <a
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name=text-emphasis-position></a> <a name=text-shadow></a> Features for
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decorating text, such as <a
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href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css-text-decor-3/#line-decoration">underlines</a>,
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css-text-decor-3/#emphasis-marks">emphasis
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marks</a>, and <a
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href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css-text-decor-3/#text-shadow-property">shadows</a>,
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(previously part of this module) are covered in <a
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href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css-text-decor-3/">CSS Text Decoration Level
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3</a> <a href="#CSS3-TEXT-DECOR"
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rel=biblioentry>[CSS3-TEXT-DECOR]<!--{{CSS3-TEXT-DECOR}}--></a>.
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<p><a
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href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-writing-modes/#text-direction">Bidirectional</a>
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and <a
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href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-writing-modes/#vertical-intro">vertical</a>
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text are addressed in <a
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href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-writing-modes/">CSS Writing Modes Level
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3</a> <a href="#CSS3-WRITING-MODES"
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rel=biblioentry>[CSS3-WRITING-MODES]<!--{{CSS3-WRITING-MODES}}--></a>.
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</div>
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<p class=issue>This draft describes features that are specific to certain
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scripts. There is an ongoing discussion about where these features belong:
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in existing CSS properties, in new CSS properties, or perhaps in other
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specifications.
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<p class=note> <a name=decoration></a> <a name=text-decoration></a> <a
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name=line-decoration></a> <a name=text-decoration-line></a> <a
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name=text-decoration-color></a> <a name=text-decoration-style></a> <a
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name=text-decoration-skip></a> <a name=text-underline-position></a> <a
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name=emphasis-marks></a> <a name=text-emphasis-style></a> <a
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name=text-emphasis-color></a> <a name=text-emphasis></a> <a
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name=text-emphasis-position></a> <a name=text-shadow></a> Text decoration
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has moved to CSS Text Decoration Module Level 3 <a href="#CSS3-TEXT-DECOR"
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rel=biblioentry>[CSS3-TEXT-DECOR]<!--{{CSS3-TEXT-DECOR}}--></a>.
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<h3 id=placement><span class=secno>1.1. </span> Module Interactions</h3>
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<p>This module replaces and extends the text-level features defined in <a
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href="#CSS21" rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a> chapter 16.
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<p>This module, together with <a href="#CSS3-TEXT-DECOR"
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rel=biblioentry>[CSS3-TEXT-DECOR]<!--{{CSS3-TEXT-DECOR}}--></a>, replaces
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and extends the text-level features defined in <a href="#CSS21"
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rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a> chapter 16.
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<h3 id=values><span class=secno>1.2. </span> Values</h3>
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allowed by Unicode. Within this specification, the ambiguous term <dfn
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id=character>character</dfn> is used as a friendlier synonym for <a
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href="#grapheme-cluster0"><i>grapheme cluster</i></a>. See <a
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href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-writing-modes/#character-properties">Characters
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href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-writing-modes/#character-properties">Characters
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and Properties</a> for how to determine the Unicode properties of a
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character.
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<h2 id=transforming><span class=secno>2. </span> Transforming Text</h2>
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<h3 id=text-transform><span class=secno>2.1. </span> <a name=caps-prop></a>
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Transforming Text: the ‘<a href="#text-transform0"><code
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Case Transforms: the ‘<a href="#text-transform0"><code
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class=property>text-transform</code></a>’ property</h3>
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<table class=propdef>
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and may instead treat the text as having no <a
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href="#expansion-opportunity"><i>expansion opportunities</i></a>. If the
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UA chooses to adjust the text, then it must ensure that tab stops continue
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to line up as required by the <a
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href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-text/#white-space-rules">white space
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to line up as required by the <a href="#white-space-rules">white space
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processing rules</a>.
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<p>If (after justification, if any) the inline contents of a line box are

‎css-text/Overview.src.html‎

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<li>the ''start end'' value of 'text-align'
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<li>the 'text-justify' property
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<li>the percentage values of 'word-spacing'
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<li>minimum and maximum limits of 'word-spacing' and 'letter-spacing'
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<li>minimum and maximum limits of 'word-spacing'
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<li>the 'hanging-punctuation' property
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</ul>
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<h2 id="intro">
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Introduction</h2>
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<p>[document here]</p>
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<p>This module describes the typesetting controls of CSS;
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that is, the features of CSS that control the translation of
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source text to formatted, line-wrapped text.
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Various CSS properties provide control over
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<a href="#transforming">case transformation</a>,
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<a href="#white-space">white space collapsing</a>,
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<a href="#white-space">text wrapping</a>,
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<a href="#line-breaking">line breaking rules</a>
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and <a href="#hyphenation">hyphenation</a>,
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<a href="#justification">alignment and justification</a>,
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<a href="#spacing">spacing</a>,
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and <a href="#edge-effects">indentation</a>.
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<p class="issue">This draft describes features that are specific to certain scripts.
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There is an ongoing discussion about where these features belong: in
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existing CSS properties, in new CSS properties, or perhaps in other
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specifications.
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<div class="note">
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<p>Font selection is covered in <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-fonts/">CSS Fonts Level 3</a> [[CSS3-FONTS]].
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<p class="note">
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<p>
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<a name="decoration"></a>
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<a name="text-decoration"></a>
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<a name="line-decoration"></a>
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<a name="text-emphasis"></a>
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<a name="text-emphasis-position"></a>
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<a name="text-shadow"></a>
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Text decoration has moved to
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CSS Text Decoration Module Level 3
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[[CSS3-TEXT-DECOR]].
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Features for decorating text,
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such as <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css-text-decor-3/#line-decoration">underlines</a>,
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css-text-decor-3/#emphasis-marks">emphasis marks</a>,
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and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css-text-decor-3/#text-shadow-property">shadows</a>,
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(previously part of this module)
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are covered in
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css-text-decor-3/">CSS Text Decoration Level 3</a> [[CSS3-TEXT-DECOR]].
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<p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-writing-modes/#text-direction">Bidirectional</a> and
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-writing-modes/#vertical-intro">vertical</a> text
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are addressed in
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-writing-modes/">CSS Writing Modes Level 3</a> [[CSS3-WRITING-MODES]].
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</div>
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<p class="issue">This draft describes features that are specific to certain scripts.
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There is an ongoing discussion about where these features belong: in
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existing CSS properties, in new CSS properties, or perhaps in other
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specifications.
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<h3 id="placement">
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Module Interactions</h3>
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<p>This module replaces and extends the text-level
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features defined in [[!CSS21]] chapter 16.
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<p>This module, together with [[CSS3-TEXT-DECOR]],
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replaces and extends the text-level features defined in [[!CSS21]] chapter 16.
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<h3 id="values">
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Values</h3>
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tailor the definition as allowed by Unicode. Within this specification,
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the ambiguous term <dfn>character</dfn> is used as a friendlier synonym
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for <i>grapheme cluster</i>.
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See <a href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-writing-modes/#character-properties">Characters and Properties</a>
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See <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-writing-modes/#character-properties">Characters and Properties</a>
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for how to determine the Unicode properties of a character.
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<p id="letter">A <dfn>letter</dfn> for the purpose of this specification
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<h3 id="text-transform">
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<a name="caps-prop"></a>
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Transforming Text: the 'text-transform' property</h3>
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Case Transforms: the 'text-transform' property</h3>
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<table class="propdef">
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<tr>
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and may instead treat the text as having no <i>expansion opportunities</i>.
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If the UA chooses to adjust the text, then it must ensure
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that tab stops continue to line up as required by the
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<a href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-text/#white-space-rules">white
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space processing rules</a>.
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<a href="#white-space-rules">white space processing rules</a>.
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<p>If (after justification, if any) the inline contents of a line box are too long to fit within it,
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then the contents are start-aligned:

‎css-writing-modes/Overview.src.html‎

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<p>
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When an element has a writing mode that is perpendicular to its containing block
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it is said to be in, or establish, an <dfn>orthogonal flow</dfn>.
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it is said to be in, or establish, an <dfn title="establish an orthogonal flow | orthogonal flow">orthogonal flow</dfn>.
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<p>
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To handle this case, CSS layout calculations are divided into
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</ul>
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<p>Since ''auto'' margins are resolved consistent with the containing
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block's writing mode, a box establishing an orthogonal flow can,
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block's writing mode, a box establishing an <i>orthogonal flow</i> can,
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once sized, be aligned or centered within its containing block just
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like other block-level elements by using auto margins.
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would otherwise be the extent of the containing block, is
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infinite.
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<p>Orthogonal flows allow the opposite to happen: for the
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<i>available extent</i> to be defined, but the <i>available
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<p>Putting a box in an <i>orthogonal flow</i> allows the opposite to happen:
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for the <i>available extent</i> to be defined, but the <i>available
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measure</i> to be indefinite. In such cases a percentage of the
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containing block measure cannot be defined, and inline-axis
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computations cannot be resolved. In these cases, the initial

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