diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/io/IOUtils.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/io/IOUtils.java
index a882d4d87cb..e157d51a5a9 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/io/IOUtils.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/io/IOUtils.java
@@ -2957,6 +2957,7 @@ public static byte[] toByteArray(final InputStream input, final long size) throw
      * @param input the input to read, not null.
      * @param size the size of the input to read, where 0 < {@code size} <= length of input.
      * @return byte [] of length {@code size}.
+     * @throws EOFException if the end of the input is reached before reading {@code size} bytes.
      * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs or input length is smaller than parameter {@code size}.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code size} is less than zero.
      */
@@ -2974,7 +2975,7 @@ static byte[] toByteArray(final IOTriFunction<byte[], Integer, Integer, Integer>
             offset += read;
         }
         if (offset != size) {
-            throw new IOException("Unexpected read size, current: " + offset + ", expected: " + size);
+            throw new EOFException("Unexpected read size, current: " + offset + ", expected: " + size);
         }
         return data;
     }
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/io/IOUtilsTest.java b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/io/IOUtilsTest.java
index 02574946bf8..df05c648f8d 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/io/IOUtilsTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/io/IOUtilsTest.java
@@ -158,7 +158,9 @@ static Stream<Arguments> testToByteArray_InputStream_Size_BufferSize_Throws() {
                 Arguments.of(-1, 128, IllegalArgumentException.class),
                 // Invalid buffer size
                 Arguments.of(0, 0, IllegalArgumentException.class),
-                // Huge size: should not cause OutOfMemoryError
+                // Truncation with requested size < chunk size
+                Arguments.of(64, 128, EOFException.class),
+                // Truncation with requested size > chunk size
                 Arguments.of(Integer.MAX_VALUE, 128, EOFException.class));
     }
 
@@ -1757,6 +1759,13 @@ void testToByteArray_InputStream_Size() throws Exception {
         }
     }
 
+    @Test
+    void testToByteArray_InputStream_Size_Truncated() throws Exception {
+        try (InputStream in = new NullInputStream(0)) {
+            assertThrows(EOFException.class, () -> IOUtils.toByteArray(in, 1), "Should have failed with EOFException");
+        }
+    }
+
     @ParameterizedTest
     @MethodSource
     void testToByteArray_InputStream_Size_BufferSize_Succeeds(final byte[] data, final int size, final int bufferSize) throws IOException {