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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">
<html lang="en">
<HEAD>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<TITLE>Changes</TITLE>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style/default.css" type="text/css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-CR.css" type="text/css">
<link rel="prev" href="refs.html">
<link rel="next" href="sample.html">
<link rel="contents" href="cover.html#minitoc">
<link rel="CSS-properties" href="propidx.html" title="properties">
<link rel="index" href="indexlist.html" title="index">
<link rel="first" href="cover.html">
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<div class="navbar">
<p><a href="refs.html">previous</a>
<a href="sample.html">next</a>
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<hr class="navbar">
<H1><a name="q0">Appendix C. Changes</a></H1>
<div class="subtoc">
<p><strong>Contents</strong>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline2"><a href="changes.html#new" class="tocxref">C.1 Additional property values</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q2" class="tocxref">C.1.1 Section 4.3.5 Colors</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q3" class="tocxref">C.1.2 Section 9.2.4 The 'display' property</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q4" class="tocxref">C.1.3 Section 12.2 The 'content' property</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q5" class="tocxref">C.1.4 Section 18.1 Cursors: the 'cursor' property</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q6" class="tocxref">C.1.5 Section 16.6 Whitespace: the 'white-space' property</a>
</ul>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="changes.html#changes" class="tocxref">C.2 Changes</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q8" class="tocxref">C.2.1 Section 1.1 CSS 2.1 vs CSS 2</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q9" class="tocxref">C.2.2 Section 1.2 Reading the specification</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q10" class="tocxref">C.2.3 Section 1.3 How the specification is organized</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q11" class="tocxref">C.2.4 Section 1.4.2.1 Value</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q12" class="tocxref">C.2.5 Section 1.4.2.6 Media groups</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q13" class="tocxref">C.2.6 Section 1.4.2.7 Computed value</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q14" class="tocxref">C.2.7 Section 1.4.4 Notes and examples</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q15" class="tocxref">C.2.8 Section 1.5 Acknowledgements</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q16" class="tocxref">C.2.9 Section 3.2 Conformance</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q17" class="tocxref">C.2.10 Section 3.3 Error Conditions</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q18" class="tocxref">C.2.11 Section 5.8.1 Matching attributes and attribute values</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q19" class="tocxref">C.2.12 Section 5.8.3 Class selectors</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q20" class="tocxref">C.2.13 Section 5.9 ID selectors</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q21" class="tocxref">C.2.14 Section 5.10 Pseudo-elements and pseudo-classes</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q22" class="tocxref">C.2.15 5.11.2 The link pseudo-classes: :link and :visited</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q23" class="tocxref">C.2.16 Section 5.11.4 The language pseudo-class: :lang</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q24" class="tocxref">C.2.17 Section 5.12.1 The :first-line pseudo-element</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q25" class="tocxref">C.2.18 Section 5.12.2 The :first-letter pseudo-element</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q26" class="tocxref">C.2.19 Section 6.1 Specified, computed, and actual values</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q27" class="tocxref">C.2.20 Section 6.4.1 Cascading order</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q28" class="tocxref">C.2.21 Section 6.4.3 Calculating a selector's specificity</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q29" class="tocxref">C.2.22 Section 6.4.4 Precedence of non-CSS presentational hints</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q30" class="tocxref">C.2.23 Section 7.3 Recognized Media Types</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q31" class="tocxref">C.2.24 Section 7.3.1 Media Groups</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q32" class="tocxref">C.2.25 Section 8.3 Margin properties</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q33" class="tocxref">C.2.26 Section 8.3.1 Collapsing margins</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q34" class="tocxref">C.2.27 Section 8.4 Padding properties</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q35" class="tocxref">C.2.28 Section 8.5.2 Border color</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q36" class="tocxref">C.2.29 Section 8.5.3 Border style</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q37" class="tocxref">C.2.30 Section 8.6 The box model for inline elements in bidirection context</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q38" class="tocxref">C.2.31 Section 9.1.2 Containing blocks</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q39" class="tocxref">C.2.32 Section 9.2.1.1 Anonymous block boxes</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q40" class="tocxref">C.2.33 Section 9.2.2.1 Anonymous inline boxes</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q41" class="tocxref">C.2.34 Section 9.2.3 Run-in boxes</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q42" class="tocxref">C.2.35 Section 9.2.4 The 'display' property</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q43" class="tocxref">C.2.36 Section 9.3.1 Choosing a positioning scheme</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q44" class="tocxref">C.2.37 Section 9.3.2 Box offsets</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q45" class="tocxref">C.2.38 Section 9.4.1 Block formatting contexts</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q46" class="tocxref">C.2.39 Section 9.4.2 Inline formatting context</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q47" class="tocxref">C.2.40 Section 9.4.3 Relative positioning</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q48" class="tocxref">C.2.41 Section 9.5 Floats</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q49" class="tocxref">C.2.42 Section 9.5.1 Positioning the float</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q50" class="tocxref">C.2.43 Section 9.5.2 Controlling flow next to floats</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q51" class="tocxref">C.2.44 Section 9.7 Relationships between 'display', 'position', and 'float'</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q52" class="tocxref">C.2.45 Section 9.9 Layered presentation</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q53" class="tocxref">C.2.46 Section 9.10 Text direction</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q54" class="tocxref">C.2.47 Chapter Visual formatting model details</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q55" class="tocxref">C.2.48 Section 10.1 Definition of "containing block"</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q56" class="tocxref">C.2.49 Section 10.2 Content width</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q57" class="tocxref">C.2.50 Section 10.3 Calculating widths and margins</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q58" class="tocxref">C.2.51 Section 10.3.2 Inline, replaced elements</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q59" class="tocxref">C.2.52 Section 10.3.3 Block-level, non-replaced elements in normal flow</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q60" class="tocxref">C.2.53 Section 10.3.4 Block-level, replaced elements in normal flow</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q61" class="tocxref">C.2.54 Section 10.3.5 Floating, non-replaced elements</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q62" class="tocxref">C.2.55 Section 10.3.6 Floating, replaced elements</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q63" class="tocxref">C.2.56 Section 10.3.7 Absolutely positioned, non-replaced elements</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q64" class="tocxref">C.2.57 Section 10.3.8 Absolutely positioned, replaced elements</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q65" class="tocxref">C.2.58 Section 10.4 Minimum and maximum widths</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q66" class="tocxref">C.2.59 Section 10.5 Content height</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q67" class="tocxref">C.2.60 Section 10.6 Calculating heights and margins</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q68" class="tocxref">C.2.61 Section 10.6.1 Inline, non-replaced elements</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q69" class="tocxref">C.2.62 Section 10.6.2 Inline replaced elements, block-level replaced elements in normal flow, 'inline-block' replaced elements in normal flow and floating replaced elements</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q70" class="tocxref">C.2.63 Section 10.6.3 Block-level non-replaced elements in normal flow when 'overflow' computes to 'visible'</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q71" class="tocxref">C.2.64 Section 10.6.4 Absolutely positioned, non-replaced elements</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q72" class="tocxref">C.2.65 Section 10.6.5 Absolutely positioned, replaced elements</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q73" class="tocxref">C.2.66 Section 10.7 Minimum and maximum heights</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q74" class="tocxref">C.2.67 Section 10.8 Line height calculations</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q75" class="tocxref">C.2.68 Section 10.8.1 Leading and half-leading</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q76" class="tocxref">C.2.69 Section 11.1 Overflow and clipping</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q77" class="tocxref">C.2.70 Section 11.1.1 Overflow</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q78" class="tocxref">C.2.71 Section 11.1.2 Clipping: the 'clip' property</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q79" class="tocxref">C.2.72 Chapter 12 Generated content, automatic numbering, and lists</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q80" class="tocxref">C.2.73 Section 12.1 The :before and :after pseudo-elements</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q81" class="tocxref">C.2.74 Section 12.2 The 'content' property</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q82" class="tocxref">C.2.75 Section 12.3.2 Inserting quotes with the 'content' property</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q83" class="tocxref">C.2.76 Section 12.4 Automatic counters and numbering</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q84" class="tocxref">C.2.77 Section 12.4.1 Nested counters and scope</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q85" class="tocxref">C.2.78 Section 12.5 Lists</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q86" class="tocxref">C.2.79 Section 12.5.1 Lists</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q87" class="tocxref">C.2.80 Chapter 13 Paged media</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q88" class="tocxref">C.2.81 Section 13.2.2 Page selectors</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q89" class="tocxref">C.2.82 Section 13.3.1 Page break properties</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q90" class="tocxref">C.2.83 Section 13.3.3 Allowed page breaks</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q91" class="tocxref">C.2.84 Section 14.2.1 Background properties</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q92" class="tocxref">C.2.85 Section 14.3 Gamma correction</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q93" class="tocxref">C.2.86 Chapter 15 Fonts</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q94" class="tocxref">C.2.87 Section 15.2 Font matching algorithm</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q95" class="tocxref">C.2.88 Section 15.2.2 Font family</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q96" class="tocxref">C.2.89 Section 15.5 Small-caps</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q97" class="tocxref">C.2.90 Section 15.6 Font boldness</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q98" class="tocxref">C.2.91 Section 15.7 Font size</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q99" class="tocxref">C.2.92 Chapter 16 Text</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q100" class="tocxref">C.2.93 Section 16.2 Alignment</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q101" class="tocxref">C.2.94 Section 16.3.1 Underlining, over lining, striking, and blinking</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q102" class="tocxref">C.2.95 Section 16.4 Letter and word spacing</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q103" class="tocxref">C.2.96 Section 16.5 Capitalization</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q104" class="tocxref">C.2.97 Section 16.6 Whitespace</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q105" class="tocxref">C.2.98 Chapter 17 Tables</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q106" class="tocxref">C.2.99 17.2 The CSS table model</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q107" class="tocxref">C.2.100 Section 17.2.1 Anonymous table objects</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q108" class="tocxref">C.2.101 Section 17.4 Tables in the visual formatting model</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q109" class="tocxref">C.2.102 Section 17.4.1 Caption position and alignment</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q110" class="tocxref">C.2.103 Section 17.5 Visual layout of table contents</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q111" class="tocxref">C.2.104 Section 17.5.1 Table layers and transparency</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q112" class="tocxref">C.2.105 Section 17.5.2.1 Fixed table layout</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q113" class="tocxref">C.2.106 Section 17.5.2.2 Automatic table layout</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q114" class="tocxref">C.2.107 Section 17.5.3 Table height algorithms</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q115" class="tocxref">C.2.108 17.5.4 Horizontal alignment in a column</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q116" class="tocxref">C.2.109 Section 17.6 Borders</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q117" class="tocxref">C.2.110 Section 17.6.1 The separated borders model</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q118" class="tocxref">C.2.111 Section 17.6.1.1 Borders and Backgrounds around empty cells</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q119" class="tocxref">C.2.112 Section 17.6.2 The collapsing border model</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q120" class="tocxref">C.2.113 Section 17.6.2.1 Border conflict resolution</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q121" class="tocxref">C.2.114 Section 18.4 Dynamic outlines</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q122" class="tocxref">C.2.115 Chapter 12 Generated content, automatic numbering, and lists</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q123" class="tocxref">C.2.116 Appendix A. Aural style sheets</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q124" class="tocxref">C.2.117 Appendix A Section 5 Pause properties</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q125" class="tocxref">C.2.118 Appendix A Section 6 Cue properties</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q126" class="tocxref">C.2.119 Appendix A Section 7 Mixing properties</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q127" class="tocxref">C.2.120 Other</a>
</ul>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="changes.html#known-errors" class="tocxref">C.3 Errors</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q129" class="tocxref">C.3.1 Shorthand properties</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q130" class="tocxref">C.3.2 Applies to</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q131" class="tocxref">C.3.3 Section 4.1.1 (and G2)</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q132" class="tocxref">C.3.4 4.1.3 Characters and case</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q133" class="tocxref">C.3.5 Section 4.3 (Double sign problem)</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q134" class="tocxref">C.3.6 Section 4.3.2 Lengths</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q135" class="tocxref">C.3.7 Section 4.3.6</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q136" class="tocxref">C.3.8 5.10 Pseudo-elements and pseudo-classes</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q137" class="tocxref">C.3.9 Section 6.4 The cascade</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q138" class="tocxref">C.3.10 Section 8.1 Box Dimensions</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q139" class="tocxref">C.3.11 8.2 Example of margins, padding, and borders</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q140" class="tocxref">C.3.12 Section 8.5.4 Border shorthand properties</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q141" class="tocxref">C.3.13 Section 9.2.1 Block-level elements and block boxes</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q142" class="tocxref">C.3.14 Section 9.3.1 Choosing a positioning scheme</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q143" class="tocxref">C.3.15 Section 9.3.2 Box offsets</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q144" class="tocxref">C.3.16 Section 9.4.1 Block formatting contexts</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q145" class="tocxref">C.3.17 Section 9.4.2 Inline formatting context</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q146" class="tocxref">C.3.18 Section 9.4.3 Relative positioning</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q147" class="tocxref">C.3.19 Section 9.5 Floats</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q148" class="tocxref">C.3.20 Section 9.5.1 Positioning the float</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q149" class="tocxref">C.3.21 Section 9.5.2 Controlling flow next to floats</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q150" class="tocxref">C.3.22 Section 9.6 Absolute positioning</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q151" class="tocxref">C.3.23 Section 9.7 Relationships between 'display', 'position', and 'float'</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q152" class="tocxref">C.3.24 Section 9.10 Text direction</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q153" class="tocxref">C.3.25 Section 10.1 Definition of "containing block"</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q154" class="tocxref">C.3.26 Section 10.4 Minimum and maximum widths</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q155" class="tocxref">C.3.27 Section 10.6.3 Block-level non-replaced elements in normal flow when 'overflow' computes to 'visible'</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q156" class="tocxref">C.3.28 Section 10.7 Minimum and maximum heights</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q157" class="tocxref">C.3.29 Section 11.1.2 Clipping: the 'clip' property</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q158" class="tocxref">C.3.30 Section 11.2 Visibility</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q159" class="tocxref">C.3.31 Section 10.3.2 Inline, replaced elements (and 10.3.4, 10.3.6, and 10.3.8)</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q160" class="tocxref">C.3.32 Section 10.3.3</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q161" class="tocxref">C.3.33 Section 10.6.2 Inline, replaced elements ... (and 10.6.5)</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q162" class="tocxref">C.3.34 Section 10.6.3</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q163" class="tocxref">C.3.35 Section 11.1.1</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q164" class="tocxref">C.3.36 11.2 Visibility: the 'visibility' property</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q165" class="tocxref">C.3.37 12.6.2 Lists</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q166" class="tocxref">C.3.38 14.2 The background</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q167" class="tocxref">C.3.39 14.2.1 Background properties</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q168" class="tocxref">C.3.40 Section 15.2</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q169" class="tocxref">C.3.41 Section 15.7 Font size</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q170" class="tocxref">C.3.42 Section 16.1 Indentation</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q171" class="tocxref">C.3.43 Section 16.2 Alignment</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q172" class="tocxref">C.3.44 Section 17.2 The CSS table model</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q173" class="tocxref">C.3.45 Section 17.2.1 Anonymous table objects </a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q174" class="tocxref">C.3.46 Section 17.4 Tables in the visual formatting model</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q175" class="tocxref">C.3.47 Section 17.5 Visual layout of table contents</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q176" class="tocxref">C.3.48 Section 17.5.1 Table layers and transparency</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q177" class="tocxref">C.3.49 Section 17.6.1 The separated borders model</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q178" class="tocxref">C.3.50 Section 18.2</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q179" class="tocxref">C.3.51 Appendix D.2 Lexical scanner</a>
</ul>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="changes.html#clarifications" class="tocxref">C.4 Clarifications</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q181" class="tocxref">C.4.1 2.1 A brief CSS 2.1 tutorial for HTML</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q182" class="tocxref">C.4.2 2.2 A brief CSS 2.1 tutorial for XML</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q183" class="tocxref">C.4.3 Definitions</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q184" class="tocxref">C.4.4 Section 4.1.1</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q185" class="tocxref">C.4.5 Section 5.1 Pattern matching</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q186" class="tocxref">C.4.6 Section 5.7 Adjacent sibling selectors</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q187" class="tocxref">C.4.7 Section 5.8.2 Default attribute values in DTDs</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q188" class="tocxref">C.4.8 Section 5.9 ID selectors</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q189" class="tocxref">C.4.9 Section 5.11.3 The dynamic pseudo-classes: :hover, :active, and :focus</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q190" class="tocxref">C.4.10 Section 5.11.4 The language pseudo-class: :lang</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q191" class="tocxref">C.4.11 Section 5.12.2 The :first-letter pseudo-element</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q192" class="tocxref">C.4.12 Section 6.2 Inheritance</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q193" class="tocxref">C.4.13 Section 6.2.1 The 'inherit' value</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q194" class="tocxref">C.4.14 Section 6.3 The @import rule</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q195" class="tocxref">C.4.15 6.4 The Cascade</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q196" class="tocxref">C.4.16 6.4.1 Cascading order</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q197" class="tocxref">C.4.17 Section 6.4.3 Calculating a selector's specificity</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q198" class="tocxref">C.4.18 Section 7.2.1 The @media rule</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q199" class="tocxref">C.4.19 Section 7.3 Recognized media types</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q200" class="tocxref">C.4.20 Section 7.3.1 Media groups</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q201" class="tocxref">C.4.21 Section 8.1 Box dimensions</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q202" class="tocxref">C.4.22 Section 8.3 Margin properties</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q203" class="tocxref">C.4.23 Section 8.3.1</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q204" class="tocxref">C.4.24 Section 8.5.3 Border style</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q205" class="tocxref">C.4.25 Section 9.1.1 The viewport</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q206" class="tocxref">C.4.26 Section 9.3.1 Choosing a positioning scheme</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q207" class="tocxref">C.4.27 Section 9.3.2 Box offsets</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q208" class="tocxref">C.4.28 Section 9.4.2 Inline formatting context</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q209" class="tocxref">C.4.29 Section 9.4.3 Relative positioning</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q210" class="tocxref">C.4.30 Section 9.5 Floats</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q211" class="tocxref">C.4.31 Section 9.5.1 Positioning the float</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q212" class="tocxref">C.4.32 Section 9.5.2 Controlling flow next to floats</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q213" class="tocxref">C.4.33 Section 9.8 Comparison of normal flow, floats, and absolute positioning</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q214" class="tocxref">C.4.34 Section 10.1 Definition of "containing block"</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q215" class="tocxref">C.4.35 Section 10.2 Content width</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q216" class="tocxref">C.4.36 Section 10.3.3 Block-level, non-replaced elements in normal flow</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q217" class="tocxref">C.4.37 Section 10.4 Minimum and maximum widths</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q218" class="tocxref">C.4.38 Section 10.6 Calculating heights and margins</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q219" class="tocxref">C.4.39 Section 10.7 Minimum and maximum heights</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q220" class="tocxref">C.4.40 Section 10.8 Line height calculations</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q221" class="tocxref">C.4.41 Section 10.8.1</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q222" class="tocxref">C.4.42 Section 11.1 Overflow and clipping</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q223" class="tocxref">C.4.43 Section 11.1.1 Overflow</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q224" class="tocxref">C.4.44 Section 11.1.2 Clipping</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q225" class="tocxref">C.4.45 Section 11.2 Visibility</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q226" class="tocxref">C.4.46 Section 12.1 The :before and :after pseudo-elements</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q227" class="tocxref">C.4.47 Section 12.2 The 'content' property</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q228" class="tocxref">C.4.48 Section 12.3.2 Inserting quotes with the 'content' property</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q229" class="tocxref">C.4.49 Section 12.4 Automatic counters and numbering</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q230" class="tocxref">C.4.50 Section 12.4.3 Counters in elements with 'display: none'</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q231" class="tocxref">C.4.51 Section 14.2 The background</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q232" class="tocxref">C.4.52 Section 15.1 Fonts Introduction</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q233" class="tocxref">C.4.53 Section 15.2 Font matching algorithm</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q234" class="tocxref">C.4.54 Section 15.2.2 Font family</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q235" class="tocxref">C.4.55 Section 15.3.1 Generic font families</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q236" class="tocxref">C.4.56 Section 15.4 Font styling</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q237" class="tocxref">C.4.57 Section 15.5 Small-caps</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q238" class="tocxref">C.4.58 Section 15.6 Font boldness</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q239" class="tocxref">C.4.59 Section 15.7 Font size</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q240" class="tocxref">C.4.60 Section 16.1 Indentation</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q241" class="tocxref">C.4.61 16.2 Alignment</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q242" class="tocxref">C.4.62 Section 16.3.1 Underlining, over lining, striking, and blinking</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q243" class="tocxref">C.4.63 Section 16.5 Capitalization</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q244" class="tocxref">C.4.64 Section 16.6 Whitespace</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q245" class="tocxref">C.4.65 Section 17.1 Introduction to tables</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q246" class="tocxref">C.4.66 Section 17.2 The CSS table model</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q247" class="tocxref">C.4.67 Section 17.2.1 Anonymous table objects</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q248" class="tocxref">C.4.68 Section 17.4 Tables in the visual formatting model</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q249" class="tocxref">C.4.69 Section 17.5 Visual layout of table contents</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q250" class="tocxref">C.4.70 Section 17.5.1 Table layers and transparency</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q251" class="tocxref">C.4.71 Section 17.5.2 Table width algorithms</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q252" class="tocxref">C.4.72 Section 17.5.2.1 Fixed table layout</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q253" class="tocxref">C.4.73 Section 17.5.2.2 Automatic table layout</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q254" class="tocxref">C.4.74 Section 17.5.5 Dynamic row and column effects</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q255" class="tocxref">C.4.75 17.6.1 The separated borders model</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q256" class="tocxref">C.4.76 Borders around empty cells: the 'empty-cells' property</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q257" class="tocxref">C.4.77 Section 17.6.2 The collapsing borders model</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q258" class="tocxref">C.4.78 Section 18.2 System Colors</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q259" class="tocxref">C.4.79 Section 18.4 Dynamic outlines</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q260" class="tocxref">C.4.80 Section 18.4.1 Outlines and the focus</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q261" class="tocxref">C.4.81 Section A.3</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q262" class="tocxref">C.4.82 Appendix G.2 Lexical scanner</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="changes.html#q263" class="tocxref">C.4.83 Appendix E. References</a>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<P><em>This appendix is informative, not normative.</em></P>
<P>CSS 2.1 is an updated revision of CSS2. The changes between the
CSS2 specification (see <a href="refs.html#ref-CSS2" rel="biblioentry" class="noxref"><span class="informref">[CSS2]</span></a>) and this specification fall into
five groups: known errors, typographical errors, clarifications,
changes and additions. Typographical errors are not listed here.</P>
<p>This chapter is not a complete list of changes. Minor editorial
changes and most changes to examples are also not listed here.</p>
<h2>C.1 <a name="new">Additional property values</a></h2>
<h3 id="s-4-3-5"><a name="q2">C.1.1 </a><a href="syndata.html#color-units">Section 4.3.5
Colors</a></h3>
<p>New color value: 'orange'
<h3 id="s-9-2-4"><a name="q3">C.1.2 </a><a href="visuren.html#propdef-display">Section 9.2.4
The 'display' property</a></h3>
<p>New 'display' value: 'inline-block'
<h3 id="s-12-2a"><a name="q4">C.1.3 </a><a href="generate.html#content">Section 12.2 The
'content' property</a></h3>
<p>New 'content' values 'none' and 'normal'. (The values 'none' and
'normal' are equivalent in CSS 2.1, but may have different
functions in CSS3.)
<h3 id="s-18-1"><a name="q5">C.1.4 </a><a href="ui.html#propdef-cursor">Section 18.1 Cursors:
the 'cursor' property</a></h3>
<p>New 'cursor' value: 'progress'
<h3 id="s-16-6"><a name="q6">C.1.5 </a><a href="text.html#propdef-white-space">Section 16.6
Whitespace: the 'white-space' property</a></h3>
<p>New 'white-space' values: 'pre-wrap' and 'pre-line'
<h2>C.2 <a name="changes">Changes</a></h2>
<h3 id="c1.1"><a name="q8">C.2.1 </a><a href="about.html#q1">Section 1.1 CSS 2.1 vs CSS 2</a></h3>
<p>This new section is added to explain the motivation for CSS2.1
and its relation to CSS2.</p>
<h3 id="c1.2"><a name="q9">C.2.2 </a><a href="about.html#q2">Section 1.2 Reading the specification</a></h3>
<p>This section (formerly Section 1.1) has been marked non-normative.</p>
<h3 id="c1.3"><a name="q10">C.2.3 </a><a href="about.html#q3">Section 1.3 How the specification is organized</a></h3>
<p>This section (formerly Section 1.2) has been marked non-normative.</p>
<h3 id="c1.4.2.1"><a name="q11">C.2.4 </a><a href="about.html#q7">Section 1.4.2.1 Value</a></h3>
<p>This section (formerly unnumbered under 1.3.2) notes that value types are specified
in terms of tokens and that spaces may appear between tokens in values. A note
explains that spaces are required between some tokens.</p>
<h3 id="c1.4.2.6"><a name="q12">C.2.5 </a><a href="about.html#q12">Section 1.4.2.6 Media groups</a></h3>
<p>This section (formerly unnumbered under 1.3.2) now declares the Media line
in property definitions to be non-normative.</p>
<h3 id="c1.4.2.7"><a name="q13">C.2.6 </a><a href="about.html#q13">Section 1.4.2.7 Computed value</a></h3>
<p>A new line is added to each property definition specifying what the computed
values are for the property. (This defines what level of computation is done to
a property value before inheritance and before certain other calculations.)</p>
<h3 id="c1.4.4"><a name="q14">C.2.7 </a><a href="about.html#q15">Section 1.4.4 Notes and examples</a></h3>
<p>This section (formerly 1.3.4) now specifies that HTML examples lacking DOCTYPE
declarations are SGML Text Entities conforming to the HTML 4.01 Strict DTD [HTML4].
The markup for many examples has been reformulated to either include a DOCTYPE or
conform to this definition.</p>
<h3 id="c1.5"><a name="q15">C.2.8 </a><a href="about.html#q17">Section 1.5 Acknowledgements</a></h3>
<p>This section (formerly 1.4) has been updated to reflect contributions to CSS2.1
and has been marked non-normative.<p>
<h3 id="c3.2"><a name="q16">C.2.9 </a><a href="conform.html#conformance">Section 3.2
Conformance</a></h3>
<p>Support for user style sheets is now required (in most cases),
rather than just recommended.
<p>Support for turning of author style sheets is now required.</p>
<p>Application of CSS properties to form controls is explicitly undefined.
Authors are recommended to treat form control styling capabilities in UAs
as experimental.</p>
<h3 id="c3.3"><a name="q17">C.2.10 </a><a href="conform.html#q3">Section 3.3
Error Conditions</a></h3>
<p>This section changed to say that error handling <em>is</em> specified
in most cases.</p>
<h3 id="c5.8.1"><a name="q18">C.2.11 </a><a href="selector.html#q10">Section 5.8.1 Matching
attributes and attribute values</a></h3>
<p>RFC 3066 replaces RFC 1766.
<h3 id="c5.8.3"><a name="q19">C.2.12 </a><a href="selector.html#class-html">Section 5.8.3 Class
selectors</a></h3>
<p>Class selectors are allowed for other formats than HTML.
<p>Added a note about matching classes in formats with multiple class
attributes per element. The behavior is non-normative, because, at the
time of writing, there exist no such formats.
<h3 id="c5.9"><a name="q20">C.2.13 </a><a href="selector.html#id-selectors">Section 5.9 ID
selectors</a></h3>
<p>Specified how to match elements with two or more ID attributes.
<h3 id="c5.10"><a name="q21">C.2.14 </a><a href="selectors.html#pseudo-elements">Section 5.10
Pseudo-elements and pseudo-classes</a></h3>
<p>Removed exception for HTML UAs that allowed them (and only them) to
ignore ':first-letter' and ':first-line'.
<h3 id="c5.11.2"><a name="q22">C.2.15 </a><a href="selectors.html#link-pseudo-classes">5.11.2
The link pseudo-classes: :link and :visited</a></h3>
<p>UAs may return a :visited link to :link status at some point. (This
was previously a note, but is now normative.)
<p>Added a note about privacy concerns with link pseudo classes and
allowed UAs to treat :visited as :link.
<h3 id="c5.11.4"><a name="q23">C.2.16 </a><a href="selectors.html#lang">Section 5.11.4 The
language pseudo-class: :lang</a></h3>
<p>The identifier C in ':lang(C)' need not be a valid language code,
but it must not be empty.
<h3 id="c5.12.1"><a name="q24">C.2.17 </a><a href="selector.html#first-line-pseudo">Section
5.12.1 The :first-line pseudo-element</a></h3>
<p>':first-line' also applies to inline blocks, table captions and
table cells. Added a definition of "first formatted line" to make the
rules about which line is the first line more precise.
<p>UAs are no longer forbidden from applying more properties than the
given list.
<h3 id="c5.12.2"><a name="q25">C.2.18 </a><a href="selector.html#first-letter">Section 5.12.2
The :first-letter pseudo-element</a></h3>
<p>More precise definition of first letter. Added rules for cases
where the first letter is in an inline block or table cell. Added
rules for cases when preceding punctuation is in a different element
from the first letter itself.
<p>UAs may apply other properties to first letters than the given
list.
<p>Unicode character classes Pi and Pf added to the definition of
punctuation.
<h3 id="c6.1"><a name="q26">C.2.19 </a><a href="cascade.html#q1">Section 6.1 Specified, computed, and actual values</a></h3>
<p>Redefined "computed value" and created the concept of "used value"
so that inheritance can be performed without laying out the document.
This change has the effect of allowing (requiring) percentages to be inherited
as percentages and affects many other layout calculations throughout the spec.</p>
<p>Since computed value of a property can now also be a percentage. In
particular, the following properties now inherit the percentage if the
specified value is a percentage:
<ul>
<li>background-position
<li>bottom, left, right, top
<li>height, width
<li>margin-bottom, margin-left, margin-right, margin-top,
<li>min-height, min-width
<li>padding-bottom, padding-left, padding-right, padding-top
<li>text-indent
</ul>
<p>Note that only 'text-indent' inherits by default, the others only
inherit if the 'inherit' keyword is specified.
<h3 id="c6.4.1"><a name="q27">C.2.20 </a><a href="cascade.html#cascading-order">Section 6.4.1 Cascading order</a></h3>
<p>Changed suggestion that user be able to turn off author styles to a requirement.</p>
<h3 id="c6.4.3"><a name="q28">C.2.21 </a><a href="cascade.html#specificity">Section 6.4.3
Calculating a selector's specificity</a></h3>
<p>The "style" attribute now has a higher specificity than any style
rule.</p>
<p>Pseudo-elements are now counted with elements in calculating a
a selector's specificity.</p>
<h3 id="c6.4.4"><a name="q29">C.2.22 </a><a href="cascade.html#q13">Section 6.4.4 Precedence
of non-CSS presentational hints</a></h3>
<p>"Non-CSS presentational hints" no longer exist, with the exception
of a small set of attributes in HTML.</p>
<h3 id="c7.3"><a name="q30">C.2.23 </a><a href="media.html#media-types">Section 7.3
Recognized Media Types</a></h3>
<p>Added 'speech' media type.</p>
<p>Marked "Media" field in property descriptions informative.</p>
<h3 id="c7.3.1"><a name="q31">C.2.24 </a><a href="media.html#media-types">Section 7.3.1
Media Groups</a></h3>
<p>Marked this section informative.</p>
<p>Added sound to 'handheld' in media type/media group table.</p>
<p>Changed 'tactile' to be both 'static' and 'interactive'.</p>
<h3 id="c8.3"><a name="q32">C.2.25 </a><a href="box.html#margin-properties">Section 8.3 Margin properties</a></h3>
<p>If the containing block's width depends on an element with percentage
margins, then the resulting layout is undefined in CSS 2.1.</p>
<h3 id="c8.3.1"><a name="q33">C.2.26 </a><a href="box.html#collapsing-margins">Section 8.3.1 Collapsing margins</a></h3>
<p>In the definition of "collapsing margins", added "non-empty content"
and "clearance" to the parenthetical list of things that prevent consecutive
margins from being adjoining.</p>
<p>Vertical margins of elements with 'overflow' other than 'visible' no longer
collapse with their in-flow children.</p>
<p>Defined how margins collapse through an element with adjoining top and
bottom margins.</p>
<p>Added that margins of the root element's box do not collapse.</p>
<p>More rigorously <a href="box.html#what-is-adjoining">defined "adjoining" for margin collapsing</a>.</p>
<h3 id="c8.4"><a name="q34">C.2.27 </a><a href="box.html#padding-properties">Section 8.4 Padding properties</a></h3>
<p>If the containing block's width depends on an element with percentage
padding, then the resulting layout is undefined in CSS 2.1.</p>
<h3 id="c8.5.2"><a name="q35">C.2.28 </a><a href="box.html#border-color-properties">Section 8.5.2 Border color</a></h3>
<p>'transparent' can now be specified independently for each border side,
on par with <color>.</p>
<h3 id="c8.5.3"><a name="q36">C.2.29 </a><a href="box.html#border-style-properties">Section 8.5.3 Border style</a></h3>
<p>3D border styles ('groove', 'ridge', 'inset', 'outset') now depend on the
corresponding border-color rather than on 'color'.</p>
<h3 id="c8.6"><a name="q37">C.2.30 </a><a href="box.html#q11">Section 8.6 The box model for inline elements in bidirection context</a></h3>
<p>Added this new section to specify layout of inline boxes when affected by bidi.</p>
<h3 id="c9.1.2"><a name="q38">C.2.31 </a><a href="visuren.html#containing-block">Section 9.1.2
Containing blocks</a></h3>
<p>Removed paragraphs about the initial containing block, as this is
now defined differently. (See <a href="#initial-containing-block">changes
to section 10.1</a>.)</p>
<h3 id="c9.2.1.1"><a name="q39">C.2.32 </a><a href="visuren.html#anonymous-block-level">Section 9.2.1.1
Anonymous block boxes</a></h3>
<p>Added a paragraph to define formatting when an inline box contains
a block box.</p>
<p>Specified what property values are applied to anonymous boxes.</p>
<h3 id="c9.2.2.1"><a name="q40">C.2.33 </a><a href="visuren.html#anonymous">Section 9.2.2.1
Anonymous inline boxes</a></h3>
<p>Specified that collapsed whitespace does not generate anonymous
inline boxes.</p>
<h3 id="c9.2.3"><a name="q41">C.2.34 </a><a href="visuren.html#run-in">Section 9.2.3
Run-in boxes</a></h3>
<p>Changed run-in rules so that a) run-ins that contain blocks become blocks
b) run-ins can only run into sibling blocks and c) run-ins cannot run into
other run-ins.</p>
<h3 id="c9.2.4"><a name="q42">C.2.35 </a><a href="visuren.html#display-prop">Section 9.2.4
The 'display' property</a></h3>
<p>The 'marker' and 'compact' values of the 'display' property are
not part of CSS 2.1. Text relating to these values has been
removed throughout the specification.</p>
<p>Defined the computed value of 'display' as the specified value
except for positioned and floating elements and for the root element.
The computed value of 'display' for these elements is defined in
<a href="visuren.html#dis-pos-flo">section 9.7</a> and is slightly
different from the definition in CSS2.</p>
<p>Conforming HTML UAs are no longer allowed to ignore the 'display'
property.</p>
<h3 id="c9.3.1"><a name="q43">C.2.36 </a><a href="visuren.html#choose-position">Section 9.3.1
Choosing a positioning scheme</a></h3>
<p>The 'position' property now applies to all elements, including
generated content.</p>
<p>The effect of relative positioning on table captions and internal
table elements is undefined in CSS 2.1.</p>
<p>For fixed positioning, introduced a conflict between this section
and section 10.1 rule 3.
See <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-css-wg/2003AprJun/0172.html">howcome</a>
for rationale.</p>
<p>Forbid UAs from paginating the content of fixed boxes.</p>
<p>UAs are allowed to treat all values of 'position' as 'static' on
the root element.</p>
<h3 id="c9.3.2"><a name="q44">C.2.37 </a><a href="visuren.html#position-props">Section 9.3.2
Box offsets</a></h3>
<p>Defined computed values of 'top', 'right', 'bottom', 'left' based
on the value of 'position'.</p>
<p>Percentage offsets are no longer undefined for containing blocks
without an explicit height.</p>
<h3 id="c9.4.1"><a name="q45">C.2.38 </a><a href="visuren.html#block-formatting">Section 9.4.1
Block formatting contexts</a></h3>
<p>Specified that floats, absolutely positioned elements, inline-blocks,
table-cells, table-captions, and elements with 'overflow' other than
'visible' establish new block formatting contexts.</p>
<p>In the paragraph about the position of a box's outer edge with respect
to its containing block, except boxes that establish a new block formatting
context, as they may become narrower due to floats.</p>
<h3 id="c9.4.2"><a name="q46">C.2.39 </a><a href="visuren.html#inline-formatting">Section 9.4.2
Inline formatting context</a></h3>
<p>Specified that the effect of 'justify' on the content of a line box
does not affect the contents of inline-table and inline-block boxes.</p>
<p>Empty line boxes are now required to be treated as zero-height and
ignored in margin collapsing.</p>
<h3 id="c9.4.3"><a name="q47">C.2.40 </a><a href="visure.html#relative-positioning">Section 9.4.3
Relative positioning</a></h3>
<p>Added several paragraphs and an example to explain exactly what the
computed values of relatively-positioned offsets are, how they affect
each other, and what happens when the positioning is overconstrained.
(These were not previously defined.)</p>
<h3 id="c9.5"><a name="q48">C.2.41 </a><a href="visuren.html#floats">Section 9.5
Floats</a></h3>
<p>Floats are no longer required to have an explicit width.</p>
<p>Floats outside of line boxes no longer align to the bottom of
the preceding block box; it is implied that they are initially
aligned with their non-floated position.</p>
<p>Specified that "If a shortened line box is too small to contain any
further content, then it is shifted downward until either it fits or
there are no more floats present."</p>
<p>Specified that the border box of a table, block-level replaced element,
or element in the normal flow that establishes a new block formatting
context must not overlap any floats in the same block formatting context.</p>
<h3 id="c9.5.1"><a name="q49">C.2.42 </a><a href="visuren.html#float-position">Section 9.5.1
Positioning the float</a></h3>
<p>The 'float' property now also applies to :before/:after and generated
content.</p>
<p>UAs are now allowed to treat all values of float as 'none' on the
root element.</p>
<p>Added to rule 4 prose to define the position of a float when it
occurs between two collapsing margins.</p>
<h3 id="c9.5.2"><a name="q50">C.2.43 </a><a href="visuren.html#flow-control">Section 9.5.2
Controlling flow next to floats</a></h3>
<p>Defined <em>clearance</em> to precisely detail the 'clear' property's
effect on margin collapsing and the block's cleared position.</p>
<p>Added note to explain effect of 'clear' on inline elements since
CSS1 (but not CSS2 or CSS 2.1) allows 'clear' on inline elements.</p>
<h3 id="c9.7"><a name="q51">C.2.44 </a><a href="visuren.html#dis-pos-flo">Section 9.7
Relationships between 'display', 'position', and 'float'</a></h3>
<p>Changed rules to convert 'display' not always to 'block', but
to an appropriate block-level display value as given by a mapping
table.</p>
<p>Added rule 4 to convert root element's 'display' value according
to the mapping.</p>
<h3 id="c9.9"><a name="q52">C.2.45 </a><a href="visuren.html#q29">Section 9.9
Layered presentation</a></h3>
<p>Specified that the background and borders of an element that forms
a stacking context are behind all of its descendants, altered stacking
context prose to be more precise, and added a normative
<a href="zindex.html">Appendix E: Elaborate description of Stacking
Contexts</a> to be even more precise about the position of borders,
backgrounds, and content on the z-axis.</p>
<h3 id="c9.10"><a name="q53">C.2.46 </a><a href="visuren.html#direction">Section 9.10
Text direction</a></h3>
<p>Conforming UAs are now allowed to not support bidirectional text; in
this case they must ignore the 'direction' and 'unicode-bidi' properties.
However since applying bidi can have an effect even when a document
doesn't contain right-to-left characters, UAs that do support bidi are
no longer permitted to not apply the algorithm just because the document
lacks right-to-left characters.</p>
<p>Added a paragraph to define precisely how the Unicode bidirectional
algorithm applies to text in the CSS formatting model and how the CSS
'direction' property on blocks maps into the algorithm.</p>
<p>Conforming HTML UAs are no longer exempt from supporting 'direction'
and 'unicode-bidi'.</p>
<h3 id="c10"><a name="q54">C.2.47 </a><a href="visudet.html">Chapter
Visual formatting model details</a></h3>
<p>Updated prose to use the terms "specified", "computed" and "used"
as appropriate when referencing values. This affects many calculations
in this section. (See <a href="#c6.1">changes to section 6.1</a>.)</p>
<h3 id="c10.1"><a name="q55">C.2.48 </a><a href="visudet.html#containing-block-details">Section 10.1
Definition of "containing block"</a></h3>
<p id="initial-containing-block">In rule 1, defined the initial
containing block as the viewport for continuous media and the page
area for paged media. (It was previously undefined.)</p>
<p>In rule 2, defined the page area as the containing block for fixed
positioned elements in paged media.</p>
<p>In rule 4.1, when the containing block of an absolutely-positioned
element is formed by an inline-level element, it is now formed by that
element's padding edges, not its content edges.</p>
<p>In rule 4, changed the containing block for absolutely positioned
elements with only statically positioned elements from the root's
content box to the initial containing block.</p>
<p>Specified the positioning and breaking behavior of absolutely-positioned
elements in paged media.</p>
<h3 id="c10.2"><a name="q56">C.2.49 </a><a href="visudet.html#the-width-property">Section 10.2
Content width</a></h3>
<p>Declared that if the containing block's width depends on an element's
percentage width, then the resulting layout is undefined in CSS 2.1.</p>
<h3 id="c10.3"><a name="q57">C.2.50 </a><a href="visudet.html#Computing_widths_and_margins">Section 10.3
Calculating widths and margins</a></h3>
<p>The computed values of 'left' and 'right' for are now defined in
<a href="visuren.html#position-props">section 9.3.2</a>. The value
'auto' does not always compute to zero.</p>
<p>Added sections 10.3.9 and 10.3.10 to define calculations for inline blocks.</p>
<h3 id="c10.3.2"><a name="q58">C.2.51 </a><a href="visudet.html#inline-replaced-width">Section 10.3.2
Inline, replaced elements</a></h3>
<p>The sizing algorithm for replaced elements now takes into account and
attempts to preserve the replaced content's intrinsic ratio. Sizing of
replaced elements with percentage intrinsic sizes and without intrinsic
sizes is now also defined.</p>
<h3 id="c10.3.3"><a name="q59">C.2.52 </a><a href="visudet.html#blockwidth">Section 10.3.3
Block-level, non-replaced elements in normal flow</a></h3>
<p>Added the vertical scrollbar width to the horizontal constraint equation.</p>
<p>Specified that a computed total of the width, padding, and borders
that is greater than the containing block width causes auto margins to
be treated as zero in the rest of the rules. This avoids 'auto' margins
being negative on the start edge.</p>
<h3 id="c10.3.4"><a name="q60">C.2.53 </a><a href="visudet.html#q7">Section 10.3.4
Block-level, replaced elements in normal flow</a></h3>
<p>Applied changes to section 10.3.2 and section 10.3.3 to block-level
replaced elements in normal flow by referring to the calculations in
those sections.</p>
<h3 id="c10.3.5"><a name="q61">C.2.54 </a><a href="visudet.html#q8">Section 10.3.5
Floating, non-replaced elements</a></h3>
<p>Defined computations for 'auto' width floats as shrink-to-fit.
(Floats were previously required to have fixed widths.)</p>
<h3 id="c10.3.6"><a name="q62">C.2.55 </a><a href="visudet.html#q9">Section 10.3.6
Floating, replaced elements</a></h3>
<p>Applied changes to section 10.3.2 to this section by referencing
it for 'auto' width calculations.</p>
<h3 id="c10.3.7"><a name="q63">C.2.56 </a><a href="visudet.html#abs-non-replaced-width">Section 10.3.7
Absolutely positioned, non-replaced elements</a></h3>
<p>Defined the static position of an element more precisely.</p>
<p>Added vertical scrollbar width to the horizontal restraint equation.</p>
<p>Rewrote constraint rules.</p>
<h3 id="c10.3.8"><a name="q64">C.2.57 </a><a href="visudet.html#abs-replaced-width">Section 10.3.8
Absolutely positioned, replaced elements</a></h3>
<p>In rule 1, applied sizing rules from section 10.3.2.</p>
<p>In rule 2 (formerly rules 2 and 3), referred to new definition of
'static position' in section 10.3.7.</p>
<p>In rule 4 (formerly rule 5), prevented 'auto' left and right margins
in resulting in a negative margin on the start edge.</p>
<h3 id="c10.4"><a name="q65">C.2.58 </a><a href="visudet.html#min-max-widths">Section 10.4
Minimum and maximum widths</a></h3>
<p>Specified that if the containing block's width is negative, the
used value of a percentage min/max width is zero.</p>
<p>Specified that if the min/max width is specified in percentages and
the containing block's width depends on this element's width, then the
resulting layout is undefined in CSS 2.1.</p>
<p>The UA is no longer allowed to select an aribtrary minimum width.</p>
<p>The used width of replaced elements with an intrinsic ratio and both
'width' and 'height' specified as 'auto' is now calculated according to
a table designed to preserve the intrinsic ratio as much as possible
within the given constraints.</p>
<h3 id="c10.5"><a name="q66">C.2.59 </a><a href="visudet.html#the-height-property">Section 10.5
Content height</a></h3>
<p>Removed mention of 'line-height' for inline elements since their
content box height no longer depends on 'line-height'.</p>
<p>Percentage heights on absolutely-positioned elements are no longer
treated as 'auto' when the containing block's height is not explicitly
specified. Added a note to explain why this is possible.</p>
<p>Specified that a percentage height on the root element is relative
to the initial containing block.</p>
<h3 id="c10.6"><a name="q67">C.2.60 </a><a href="visudet.html#Computing_heights_and_margins">Section 10.6
Calculating heights and margins</a></h3>
<p>The computed values of 'top' and 'bottom' for are now defined in
<a href="visuren.html#position-props">section 9.3.2</a>. The value
'auto' does not always compute to zero.</p>
<p>Added section 10.6.6 to cover cases that are no longer covered under
the previous sections.</p>
<p>Added section 10.6.7 to define 'auto' heights for block formatting
context roots. (Unlike other block boxes, the height of these boxes
increases to accomodate any normal-flow descendant floats.)</p>
<h3 id="c10.6.1"><a name="q68">C.2.61 </a><a href="visudet.html#inline-non-replaced">Section 10.6.1
Inline, non-replaced elements</a></h3>
<p>The height of an inline box is no longer given by the 'line-height'
property and is now undefined. This section now suggests that the
height of the box can be based on the font.</p>
<h3 id="c10.6.2"><a name="q69">C.2.62 </a><a href="visudet.html#inline-replaced-height">Section 10.6.2
Inline replaced elements, block-level replaced elements in normal flow,
'inline-block' replaced elements in normal flow and floating replaced elements</a></h3>
<p>The sizing algorithm for replaced elements now takes into account and
attempts to preserve the replaced content's intrinsic ratio. Sizing of
replaced elements with percentage intrinsic sizes and without intrinsic
sizes is now also defined.</p>
<p>Specified that for inline elements, the margin box is used when calculating
the height of the line box.</p>
<h3 id="c10.6.3"><a name="q70">C.2.63 </a><a href="visudet.html#normal-block">Section 10.6.3
Block-level non-replaced elements in normal flow when 'overflow' computes
to 'visible'</a></h3>
<p>This section now only applies to elements whose 'overflow' value computes
to 'visible'; elements with other values of 'overflow' are discussed in the
new section 10.6.7 ('Auto' heights for block formatting context roots).</p>
<h3 id="c10.6.4"><a name="q71">C.2.64 </a><a href="visudet.html#abs-non-replaced-height">Section 10.6.4
Absolutely positioned, non-replaced elements</a></h3>
<p>Defined the static position of an element more precisely.</p>
<p>Added vertical scrollbar width to the horizontal restraint equation.</p>
<p>Rewrote constraint rules.</p>
<h3 id="c10.6.5"><a name="q72">C.2.65 </a><a href="visudet.html#abs-replaced-height">Section 10.6.5
Absolutely positioned, replaced elements</a></h3>
<p>In rule 1, applied sizing rules from section 10.6.2.</p>
<h3 id="c10.7"><a name="q73">C.2.66 </a><a href="visudet.html#min-max-heights">Section 10.7
Minimum and maximum heights</a></h3>
<p>Percentage min/max heights on absolutely-positioned elements are no
longer treated as '0'/'none' when the containing block's height is not
explicitly specified. However if the containing block's width depends
on an element's percentage width, then the resulting layout is undefined
in CSS 2.1.</p>
<p>The used width of replaced elements with an intrinsic ratio and both
'width' and 'height' specified as 'auto' is now calculated according to
a table designed to preserve the intrinsic ratio as much as possible
within the given constraints.</p>
<h3 id="c10.8"><a name="q74">C.2.67 </a><a href="visudet.html#line-height">Section 10.8
Line height calculations</a></h3>
<p>Added rule 4 to specify that the height of the line box must be at
least as much as that specified by the 'line-height' property on the
this block.</p>
<h3 id="c10.8.1"><a name="q75">C.2.68 </a><a href="visudet.html#q26">Section 10.8.1
Leading and half-leading</a></h3>
<p>UAs are no longer permitted to clip content to the line box, and
are instead asked to render overlapping boxes in document order.</p>
<p>'line-height' set on a block no longer specifies the minimal height
of each inline box; instead it specifies the minimal height of each
line box. The exact effect of this requirement is expressed in terms
of struts; it is affected by vertical-alignment.</p>
<p>Adjusted text to reflect that the content box height of an inline
is no longer dictated by the 'line-height' property.</p>
<p>Since the content box is now defined by the font and not by the
line-height, 'text-top' and 'text-bottom' refer to the content area
instead of the font.</p>
<p>Defined 'top' and 'bottom' alignment in terms of aligned subtrees
to take into account any protruding descendants.</p>
<p>Defined the baseline of inline tables and inline blocks.</p>
<h3 id="c11.1"><a name="q76">C.2.69 </a><a href="visufx.html#overflow-clipping">Section 11.1
Overflow and clipping</a></h3>
<p>Specified that 'overflow' clips to the padding edge.</p>
<h3 id="c11.1.1"><a name="q77">C.2.70 </a><a href="visufx.html#overflow">Section 11.1.1
Overflow</a></h3>
<p>'projection' media are no longer permitted to print overflowing
content for 'overflow: scroll'. 'print' media now <em>may</em>, as
opposed to <em>should</em>.</p>
<p>UAs are now required to apply the 'overflow' property set on the root
element to the viewport. Additionally, HTML UAs must use the 'overflow'
property on the HTML BODY element instead if the root element's
'overflow' value is 'visible'.</p>
<p>Specified placement of scrollbar in the box model.</p>