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[css-display] Prep for publication
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<h1>CSS Display Module Level 3</h1>
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<pre class='metadata'>
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Status: ED
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Status: WD
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Date: 2015-07-21
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Work Status: Revising
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ED: http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-display/
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Shortname: css-display
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Group: csswg
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Level: 3
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TR: http://www.w3.org/TR/css-display-3/
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Previous Version: http://www.w3.org/TR/2014/WD-css-display-3-20140220/
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Previous Version: http://www.w3.org/TR/2014/WD-css-display-3-20140911/
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Editor: Tab Atkins Jr., Google, http://xanthir.com/contact/
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Editor: fantasai, Invited Expert, http://fantasai.inkedblade.net/contact
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Abstract: This module describes how the CSS formatting box tree is generated from the document element tree and defines the 'display' and 'box-suppress' properties that control it.
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<p><em>This section is normative.</em>
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CSS takes a source document, organized as a tree of <dfn lt="element|element tree">elements</dfn>,
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and renders it onto a <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/intro.html#canvas">canvas</a> (such as your screen, a piece of paper, or an audio stream).
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and renders it onto a <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/intro.html#canvas">canvas</a> (such as your screen, a piece of paper, or an audio stream).
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To do this, it generates an intermediary structure,
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the <dfn>box tree</dfn>,
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which represents the formatting structure of the rendered document.
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However, some 'display' values
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(e.g. ''display: list-item'')
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generate more than one box
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(e.g. a <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/visuren.html#principal-box">principal block box</a> and a <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/generate.html#lists">marker box</a>).
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(e.g. a <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visuren.html#principal-box">principal block box</a> and a <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/generate.html#lists">marker box</a>).
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And some values
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(such as ''display:none'', ''display: contents'', and ''box-suppress: discard'')
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cause the <a>element</a> and/or its descendants to not generate any <a>boxes</a> at all.
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<a>Anonymous boxes</a> are generated in certain circumstances
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to fix up the <a>box tree</a> when it requires a particular nested structure
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that is not provided by the boxes generated from the <a>element tree</a>.
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For example, a <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/tables.html#table-display">table cell box</a>
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requires a particular type of parent box (the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/tables.html#table-display">table row box</a>),
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and will generate an <a>anonymous</a> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/tables.html#table-display">table row box</a> around itself
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if its parent is not a <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/tables.html#table-display">table row box</a>.
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(See [[CSS21]] &sect; <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/tables.html#anonymous-boxes">17.2.1</a>.)
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For example, a <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/tables.html#table-display">table cell box</a>
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requires a particular type of parent box (the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/tables.html#table-display">table row box</a>),
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and will generate an <a>anonymous</a> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/tables.html#table-display">table row box</a> around itself
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if its parent is not a <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/tables.html#table-display">table row box</a>.
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(See [[CSS2]] &sect; <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/tables.html#anonymous-boxes">17.2.1</a>.)
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Unlike element-generated boxes, whose styles inherit strictly through the element tree,
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anonymous boxes (which only exist in the <a>box tree</a>)
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css-cascade/#inheriting">inherit</a> through their <a>box tree</a> parentage.
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<h3 id="placement">
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Module interactions</h3>
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This module replaces and extends the definition of the 'display' property defined in [[!CSS21]] section 9.2.4.
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This module replaces and extends the definition of the 'display' property defined in [[!CSS2]] section 9.2.4.
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None of the properties in this module apply to the <code>::first-line</code> or <code>::first-letter</code> pseudo-elements.
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<h3 id="values">
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Values</h3>
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This specification follows the
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/about.html#property-defs">CSS property
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definition conventions</a> from [[!CSS21]].
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/about.html#property-defs">CSS property
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definition conventions</a> from [[!CSS2]].
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In addition to the property-specific values listed in their definitions,
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all properties defined in this specification also accept the
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The following informative table summarizes the values of 'display':
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<table class='data'>
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<style scoped>
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td, th { text-align: left; }
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</style>
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<style>
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#display-value-summary td,
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#display-value-summary th { text-align: left; }
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</style>
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<table class='data' id="display-value-summary">
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>Short 'display'
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<td>''list-item''
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<td>''list-item block flow''
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<td><a>block box</a>
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with additional <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/generate.html#lists">marker box</a>
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with additional <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/generate.html#lists">marker box</a>
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<tr>
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<td>''inline list-item''
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<td>''list-item inline flow''
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<td><a>inline box</a>
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with additional <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/generate.html#lists">marker box</a>
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with additional <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/generate.html#lists">marker box</a>
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<tbody title="Formatting Context Root Display Types">
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<tr>
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<td>''flex''
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<dl dfn-type="value" dfn-for="display, <display-outside>">
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<dt><dfn>block</dfn>
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<dd>
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The element generates a <dfn dfn>block-level box</dfn>. [[!CSS21]]
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The element generates a <dfn dfn>block-level box</dfn>. [[!CSS2]]
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<dt><dfn>inline</dfn>
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<dd>
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The element generates an <dfn dfn>inline-level box</dfn>. [[!CSS21]]
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The element generates an <dfn dfn>inline-level box</dfn>. [[!CSS2]]
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<dt><dfn>run-in</dfn>
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<dd>
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<dt><dfn>flow</dfn>
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<dd>
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The element lays out its contents using <dfn dfn>flow layout</dfn>
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(<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/visuren.html">block-and-inline layout</a>).
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(<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visuren.html">block-and-inline layout</a>).
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If its <a>outer display type</a> is ''inline'' or ''run-in'',
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and it is participating in a
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and whether it is itself participating in a block or inline <a>formatting context</a>,
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it either establishes a new <a>block formatting context</a> for its contents
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or integrates its contents into its parent <a>formatting context</a>.
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See <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/visuren.html">CSS2.1 Chapter 9</a>. [[!CSS21]]
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See <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visuren.html">CSS2.1 Chapter 9</a>. [[!CSS2]]
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<dt><dfn>flow-root</dfn>
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<dd>
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The element generates a <a>block container</a> box,
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and lays out its contents using <a>flow layout</a>.
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It always establishes a new <a>block formatting context</a> for its contents. [[!CSS21]]
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It always establishes a new <a>block formatting context</a> for its contents. [[!CSS2]]
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<dt><dfn>table</dfn>
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<dd>
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The element generates a principal <i>table wrapper box</i>
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containing an additionally-generated <i>table box</i>,
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and establishes a <i>table formatting context</i>. [[!CSS21]]
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and establishes a <i>table formatting context</i>. [[!CSS2]]
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<dt><dfn>flex</dfn>
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<dd>
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The <dfn value for="display, <display-list-item>">list-item</dfn> keyword
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causes the element to generate a ''::marker'' pseudo-element box [[!CSS-PSEUDO-4]]
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with the content specified by its 'list-style' properties
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(<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/generate.html#lists">CSS 2.1§12.5 Lists</a>) [[!CSS21]]
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(<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/generate.html#lists">CSS 2.1§12.5 Lists</a>) [[!CSS2]]
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together with a principal box of the specified type for its own contents.
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If no <<display-inside>> value is specified,
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<dt><dfn>table-row-group</dfn>, <dfn>table-header-group</dfn>, <dfn>table-footer-group</dfn>, <dfn>table-row</dfn>, <dfn>table-cell</dfn>, <dfn>table-column-group</dfn>, <dfn>table-column</dfn>, <dfn>table-caption</dfn>
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<dd>
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The element is an <dfn dfn>internal table element</dfn>,
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and participates in a table layout context. [[!CSS21]]
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and participates in a table layout context. [[!CSS2]]
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''table-cell'' and ''table-caption'' have a ''flow'' <a>inner display type</a>.
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Some examples of this include:
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<ul>
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<li>Absolute positioning or floating an element <a>blockifies</a> the box’s display type. [[CSS21]]
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<li>Absolute positioning or floating an element <a>blockifies</a> the box’s display type. [[CSS2]]
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<li>Containment in a <a spec=css-ruby>ruby container</a> <a>inlinifies</a> the box’s display type, as described in [[CSS3RUBY]].
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<li>A parent with a ''grid'' or ''flex'' 'display' value <a>blockifies</a> the box’s display type. [[CSS3-GRID-LAYOUT]] [[CSS3-FLEXBOX]]
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</ul>
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Issue: Should out-of-flow elements get reparented, left behind, or break apart the sequence?
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<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/2012Aug/0257.html">See thread.</a>
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Note: This run-in model is slightly different from the one proposed in earlier revisions of [[!CSS21]].
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Note: This run-in model is slightly different from the one proposed in earlier revisions of [[!CSS2]].
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Issue: <a href="http://www.w3.org/mid/B81F7808-D972-458D-970F-3900E82A0F27@rivoal.net">Interaction of run-in and ::first-letter</a>
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If properties of a containing block are referenced,
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they reference the values on the box that generated the containing block.
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(For the <a>initial containing block</a>, the values are taken from the root element.)
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See [[CSS21]] <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/visuren.html#containing-block">Section 9.1.2</a>
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and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/visudet.html#containing-block-details">Section 10.1</a> for details.
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See [[CSS2]] <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visuren.html#containing-block">Section 9.1.2</a>
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and <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visudet.html#containing-block-details">Section 10.1</a> for details.
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<dt><dfn>initial containing block</dfn>
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<dd>
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The <a>containing block</a> of the root element.
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See <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/visudet.html#containing-block-details">CSS2.1&sect;10.1</a> for continuous media;
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See <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visudet.html#containing-block-details">CSS2.1&sect;10.1</a> for continuous media;
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<dt><dfn>formatting context</dfn>
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For example, a <a>flex formatting context</a>
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lays out boxes according to the <a>flex layout</a> rules [[CSS3-FLEXBOX]],
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whereas a <a>block formatting context</a>
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lays out boxes according to the block-and-inline layout rules [[CSS21]].
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lays out boxes according to the block-and-inline layout rules [[CSS2]].
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When a box establishes a <em>new</em> formatting context
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(whether that formatting context is of the same type as its parent or not),
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<dt><dfn>inline formatting context</dfn>
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<dd>
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Block and inline formatting contexts are defined in
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/visuren.html#normal-flow">CSS 2.1 Section 9.4</a>.
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visuren.html#normal-flow">CSS 2.1 Section 9.4</a>.
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<dt><dfn>BFC</dfn>
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<dd>
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for its contents.
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</dl>
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See [[!CSS21]] <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/visuren.html">Chapter 9</a> for a fuller definition of these terms.
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See [[!CSS2]] <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visuren.html">Chapter 9</a> for a fuller definition of these terms.
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<h2 class=no-num id="acknowledgments">
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Acknowledgments</h2>

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