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[css2] adding a few names
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‎css2/about.html‎

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<html lang="en">
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<HEAD>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
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<TITLE>About the CSS2 Specification</TITLE>
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<LINK rel="next" href="intro.html">
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<LINK rel="previous" href="cover.html">
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<LINK rel="STYLESHEET" href="style/default.css" type="text/css">
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</HEAD>
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<BODY>
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<div class="navbar">
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<center>&nbsp;<a href="cover.html">previous</a> &nbsp; <a href="intro.html">next</a> &nbsp; <a href="cover.html#toc">contents</a> &nbsp; <a href="indexlist.html">index</a>
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</center><hr>
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</div>
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<H1 align="center">About the CSS2 Specification</H1>
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<h2><a name="h-1.1">1.1</a> Reading the specification</h2>
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<P>This specification has been written with two types of readers in
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mind: CSS authors and CSS implementors. We hope the specification will
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provide authors with the tools they need to write efficient,
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attractive, and accessible documents, without overexposing them to
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CSS's implementation details. Implementors, however, should find all
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they need to build <a href="convent.html#conformance">conforming user
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agents</a>.
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The specification begins with a general presentation of CSS and
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becomes more and more technical and specific towards the end. For
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quick access to information, a general table of contents,
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specific tables of contents at the beginning of each section,
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and an index provide easy navigation, in both the electronic
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and printed versions.
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<P>The specification has been written with two modes of presentation
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in mind: electronic and printed. Although the two presentations will
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no doubt be similar, readers will find some differences. For example,
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links will not work in the printed version (obviously), and page
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numbers will not appear in the electronic version. In case of a
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discrepancy, the electronic version is considered the authoritative
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version of the document.
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<h2><a name="h-1.2">1.2</a> How the specification is organized</h2>
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<P>The specification is organized into the following sections:
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<dl>
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<dt><Strong>Section 2: An introduction CSS2</strong>
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<dd>The introduction includes a brief tutorial in CSS2 and
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a discussion of design principles behind CSS2.
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<dt><strong>Sections 3 - 19: CSS2 reference manual.</strong>
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<dd>The bulk of the reference manual consists of the CSS2 language
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reference. This reference defines what may go into a CSS2 style sheet
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(syntax, properties, property values) and how user agents must
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interpret these style sheets in order to claim <a
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href="convent.html#conformance">conformance</a>.
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<dt><strong>Appendixes:</strong>
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<dd>Five appendixes contain information about <a href="sample.html">a
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sample style sheet for HTML 4.0</a>, <a href="changes.html">changes
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from CSS1 </a>, <a href="notes.html">implementation and
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performance notes</a>, <a href="grammar.html">the grammar of CSS2</a>, and
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some helpful notes on implementing <a href="fonts.html">WebFonts</a>.
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<dt><strong>References:</strong>
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<dd>A list of normative and informative references.
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<dt><strong>General index:</strong>
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<dd>The <a href="indexlist.html">general index</a> contains links to key
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concepts, property and value definitions, and other useful
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information.
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</dl>
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<H2><a name="h-1.3">1.3</a> Conventions</H2>
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<H3><a name="h-1.3.1">1.3.1</a> <a href="convent.html#doclanguage">Document language</a> elements
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and attributes</H3>
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<ul>
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<li>CSS property, descriptor, and pseudo-class names are delimited
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by single quotes.
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<li>CSS values are delimited by single quotes.
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<li>Document language element names are in upper case letters.
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<li>Document language attribute names are in lower case letters
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and delimited by double quotes.
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</ul>
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<H3><a name="h-1.3.2">1.3.2</a> <a name="property-defs">CSS property definitions</a></H3>
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<P>Each CSS property definition begins with a summary of key
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information that resembles the following:
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<P><strong>'Property-name'</strong>
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<TABLE>
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<TR><TH align="right">Value:<TD>Possible constant values or value types</TR>
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<TR><TH align="right">Initial:<TD>The initial value</TR>
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<TR><TH align="right">Applies to:<TD>Elements this property applies to</TR>
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<TR><TH align="right">Inherited:<TD>Whether the property is inherited</TR>
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<TR><TH align="right">Percentage values:<TD>How percentage values should be interpreted</TR>
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</TABLE>
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<P>The five categories have the following meanings:
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<dl>
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<dt><strong>Value</strong>
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<dd>This part of the property definition specifies the set of valid
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values for the property. Value types may be designated in several ways:
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<ol>
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<li> constant values (e.g., 'auto', 'disc', etc.)
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<li> basic data types, which appear between "&lt;" and "&gt;" (e.g.,
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&lt;length&gt;, &lt;percentage&gt;, etc.). In the electronic version
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of the document, each instance of a basic data type links to its
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definition.
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<li> non-terminals that have the same range of values as a property
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bearing the same name (e.g., &lt;'border-width'&gt;
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&lt;'background-attachment'&gt;, etc.). In this case, the non-terminal
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name is the property name (complete with quotes) between "&lt;" and
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"&gt;" (e.g., &lt;'border-width'&gt;). In the electronic version of
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the document, each instance of this type of non-terminal links to the
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corresponding property definition.
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<li> non-terminals that do not share the same name as a property. In
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this case, the non-terminal name appears between "&lt;" and "&gt;"
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(e.g., &lt;border-width&gt;) and its definition is located near its
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first appearance in the specification. In the electronic version of
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the document, each instance of this type of non-terminal links to the
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corresponding value definition.
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</ol>
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Other words in these definitions are keywords that must appear
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literally, without quotes (e.g., red). The slash (/) and the comma (,)
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must also appear literally.
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<P>Values may be arranged as follows:
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<ul>
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<li>Several juxtaposed words mean that all of them must occur, in the
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given order.
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<li>A bar (|) separates alternatives: one of them must
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occur.
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<li>A double bar (A || B) means that either A or B or both must
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occur, in any order.
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<li>Brackets ([]) are for grouping.
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</ul>
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<P>Juxtaposition is stronger than the double bar, and the double bar
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is stronger than the bar.
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<div class="example"><P>
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Thus, <samp>a b | c || d e</samp>
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is equivalent to <samp>[ a b ] | [ c || [ d e ]]</samp>.
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</div>
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<P> Every type, keyword, or bracketed group may be followed by one of
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the following modifiers:
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<UL>
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<LI>
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An asterisk (*) indicates that the preceding type, word or group
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is repeated zero or more times.
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<LI>
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A plus (+) indicates that the preceding type, word or group is
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repeated one or more times.
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<LI>
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A question mark (?) indicates that the preceding type, word or
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group is optional.
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<LI>
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A pair of numbers in curly braces ({A,B}) indicates that the
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preceding type, word or group is repeated at least A and at most
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B times.
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</UL>
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<div class="example"><P>
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The following examples illustrate different value types:
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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<EM>Value:</EM> N | NW | NE<BR>
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<EM>Value:</EM> [ &lt;length&gt; | thick | thin ]{1,4}<BR>
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<EM>Value:</EM> [&lt;family-name&gt; , ]* &lt;family-name&gt;<BR>
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<EM>Value:</EM> &lt;url&gt;? &lt;color&gt; [ / &lt;color&gt; ]?<BR>
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<EM>Value:</EM> &lt;url&gt; || &lt;color&gt;<BR>
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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</div>
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<dt><strong>Initial</strong>
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<dd>The property's initial value. If the property is inherited, this
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is the value that is given to the root element of the <a
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href="convent.html#doctree">document tree</a>. Please consult the
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section on <a href="cascade.html">the cascade</a> for information
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about the interaction between style sheet-specified, inherited, and
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initial values.
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</dd>
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<dt><strong>Applies to</strong>
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<dd>Lists the elements to which the property applies. All elements are
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considered to have all properties, but some properties have no
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rendering effect on some types of elements. For example, <a href="aural.html#propdef-voice-family" class="propinst"><span
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class="propinst-voice-family">'voice-family'</span></a> has no effect if
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the element is an image.
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</dd>
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<dt><strong>Inherited</strong>
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<dd>Indicates whether the value of the property is inherited from a
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ancestor element. Please consult the
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section on <a href="cascade.html">the cascade</a> for information
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about the interaction between style sheet-specified, inherited, and
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initial values.
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</dd>
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<dt><strong>Percentage values</strong>
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<dd>Indicates how percentages should be interpreted, if they occur in
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the value of the property. If "N/A" appears here, it means that the
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property does not accept percentages as values.</dd>
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<dt><strong>Applies to media</strong>
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<dd>Indicates the <a href="media.html">media</a>
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for which the property applies. The
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<a href="convent.html">conformance</a> conditions state
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that user agents must support this property if they support
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rendering to the <a href="media.html">media types</a> listed
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here.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<H4><a name="h-1.3.2.1">1.3.2.1</a> <a name="shorthand">Shorthand properties</a></H4>
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<p>Some properties are <span class="index-def"
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title="shorthand"><em>shorthand</em><a name="didx-shorthand">&nbsp;</a></span> rules that allow authors
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to specify the values of several properties with a single property.
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<P>For instance, the <a href="fonts.html#propdef-font" class="propinst"><span class="propinst-font">'font'</span></a> property
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is a shorthand property for setting <a href="fonts.html#propdef-font-style" class="propinst"><span
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class="propinst-font-style">'font-style'</span></a>, <a href="fonts.html#propdef-font-variant" class="propinst"><span
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class="propinst-font-variant">'font-variant'</span></a>, <a href="fonts.html#propdef-font-weight" class="propinst"><span
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class="propinst-font-weight">'font-weight'</span></a>, <a href="fonts.html#propdef-font-size" class="propinst"><span
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class="propinst-font-size">'font-size'</span></a>, <a href="flowobj2.html#propdef-line-height" class="propinst"><span
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class="propinst-line-height">'line-height'</span></a>, and <a href="fonts.html#propdef-font-family" class="propinst"><span
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class="propinst-font-family">'font-family'</span></a> all at once.</p>
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<P>When values are omitted from a shorthand form, each
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"missing" property either inherits its value or is assigned
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its initial value (see the section on <a href="cascade.html">the
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cascade</a>).
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<div class="example"><p>
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The multiple style rules of the previous example:</p>
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<pre>
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H1 {
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font-weight: bold;
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font-size: 12pt;
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line-height: 14pt;
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font-family: Helvetica;
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font-variant: normal;
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font-style: normal;
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}
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</pre>
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<p>may be rewritten with a single shorthand property:</p>
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<pre>
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H1 { font: bold 12pt/14pt Helvetica }
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</pre>
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<p>In this example, <a href="fonts.html#propdef-font-variant" class="propinst"><span
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class="propinst-font-variant">'font-variant'</span></a> and <a href="fonts.html#propdef-font-style" class="propinst"><span
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class="propinst-font-style">'font-style'</span></a> have been omitted
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from the shorthand form, so they must be assigned either
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an inherited or initial value.</P>
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</div>
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<h3><a name="h-1.3.3">1.3.3</a> Notes and examples</h3>
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<P>Informative notes are emphasized to stand out from surrounding
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text and may be rendered specially by some user agents.
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<P>All examples illustrating deprecated usage are marked as "DEPRECATED
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EXAMPLE". Deprecated examples also include recommended alternate
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solutions. All examples that illustrates illegal usage are clearly
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marked as "ILLEGAL EXAMPLE".
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<P>Examples and notes are marked within the source HTML for the
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specification and some user agents may render them specially.
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<H2><a name="h-1.4">1.4</a> Acknowledgments</H2>
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<P>This specification is the product of the W3C Working Group on
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Cascading Style Sheets and Formatting Properties. In addition to the
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editors of this specification, the members of the Working Group are:
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Brad Chase (Bitstream), Chris Wilson (Microsoft), Daniel Glazman
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(Electricité de France), Dave Raggett (W3C/HP), Ed Tecot
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(Microsoft), Jared Sorensen (Novell), Lauren Wood (SoftQuad), Laurie
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Anna Kaplan (Microsoft), Mike Wexler (Adobe), Murray Maloney (Grif),
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Powell Smith (IBM), Robert Stevahn (HP), Steve Byrne (JavaSoft),
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Steven Pemberton (CWI), and Thom Phillabaum (Netscape). We thank them
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for their continued efforts.
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<P>A number of invited experts to the Working Group have contributed:
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George Kersher, Glenn Rippel (Bitstream), Jeff Veen (HotWired), Markku
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T. Hakkinen (The Productivity Works), Martin Dürst
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(Universität Zürich), Roy Platon (RAL), Todd Fahrner (Verso)
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and Vincent Quint (W3C).
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<p>The section on Web Fonts was strongly shaped by Brad Chase (Bitstream)
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David Meltzer (Microsoft Typography) and Steve Zilles (Adobe). The
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following people have also contributed in various ways to the section
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pertaining to fonts: Alex Beamon (Apple), Ashok Saxena (Adobe), Ben
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Bauermeister (HP), Dave Raggett (W3C/HP), David Opstad (Apple), David
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Goldsmith (Apple), Ed Tecot (Microsoft), Erik van Blokland
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(LettError), François Yergeau (Alis), Gavin Nicol (Inso),
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Herbert van Zijl (Elsevier), Liam Quin, Misha Wolf (Reuters), Paul
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Haeberli (SGI), and the late Phil Karlton (Netscape).
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<P>The section on Paged Media was in large parts authored by Robert
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Stevahn (HP) and Stephen Waters (Microsoft).
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<P>Robert Stevahn (HP), along with Scott Furman (Netscape) and Scott
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Isaacs (Microsoft) were key contributors to CSS Positioning.
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<P>Mike Wexler (Adobe) was the editor of the interim Working Draft
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which described many of the new features of CSS2.
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<p>T.V.Raman (Adobe) made pivotal contributions towards Aural
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Cascading Style Sheets and the concepts of aural presentation.
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<P>Todd Fahrner (Verso) researched contemporary and historical
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browsers to develop the sample style sheet in the appendix.
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<P>Through electronic and physical encounters, the following people
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have contributed to the development of CSS2: James Clark, Dan
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Connolly, Douglas Rand, Sho Kuwamoto, Donna Converse, Scott Isaacs,
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Lou Montulli, Henrik Frystyk Nielsen, Jacob Nielsen, Vincent Mallet,
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Philippe Le Hegaret, William Perry, David Siegel, Al Gilman, Jason
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White, Daniel Dardailler.
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<P>The discussions on www-style@w3.org have been influential in many
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key issues for CSS. Especially, we would like to thank Bjorn Backlund,
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Todd Fahrner, MegaZone, Eric Meyer, David Perrell, Liam Quinn, Chris
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Wilson, Neil St.Laurent and Andrew Marshall for their participation.
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<P>Special thanks to Arnaud Le Hors, whose engineering contributions
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made this document work.
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<P>Lastly, thanks to Tim Berners-Lee without whom none of this would
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have been possible.
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<div class="navbar">
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<hr><center><a href="cover.html">previous</a> &nbsp; <a href="intro.html">next</a> &nbsp; <a href="cover.html#toc">contents</a> &nbsp; <a href="indexlist.html">index</a>
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</center></div>
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</BODY>
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</HTML>

‎css2/about.src‎

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<html lang="en">
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<!-- $Id: about.src,v 1.17 1997-11-28 16:23:16 howcome Exp $ -->
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<!-- $Id: about.src,v 1.18 1997-12-05 14:00:45 howcome Exp $ -->
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<HEAD>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
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<TITLE>About the CSS2 Specification</TITLE>
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<P>The discussions on www-style@w3.org have been influential in many
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key issues for CSS. Especially, we would like to thank Bjorn Backlund,
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Todd Fahrner, MegaZone, Eric Meyer, Brian Wilson, Lars Marius Garshol,
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David Perrell, Liam Quinn, and Chris Wilson for their participation.
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David Perrell, Liam Quinn, Neil St.Laurent, Andrew Marshall and Chris
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Wilson for their participation.
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<P>Special thanks to Arnaud Le Hors, whose engineering contributions
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made this document work.

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