11<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
22<html lang="en">
3- <!-- $Id: aural.src,v 1.4 1997-09-24 22:14:36 ian Exp $ -->
3+ <!-- $Id: aural.src,v 1.5 1997-10-03 20:38:47 ian Exp $ -->
44<HEAD>
55<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
66<TITLE>Aural style sheets</TITLE>
@@ -69,9 +69,8 @@ views to produce truly multi-modal documents.
6969
7070<H2>Aural cascading style sheet properties</H2>
7171
72- <H3>Volume properties</H3>
72+ <H3>Volume properties: <span class="propinst-volume">'volume'</span> </H3>
7373
74- <H4><a name="propdef-volume">'volume'</a></H4>
7574<!-- #include src=properties/volume.srb -->
7675
7776<P>The legal range of percentage values is 0% to 100%. Note that '0%'
@@ -127,9 +126,8 @@ dynamic range.
127126<p>The same authors stylesheet could be used in all cases, simply by
128127mapping the 0 and 100 points suitably at the client side.
129128
130- <H3>Speaking properties</H3>
129+ <H3>Speaking properties: <span class="propinst-speak">'speak'</span> </H3>
131130
132- <H4><a name="propdef-speak">'speak'</a></H4>
133131<!-- #include src=properties/speak.srb -->
134132
135133<P>This property specifies whether text will be rendered aurally and
@@ -168,13 +166,19 @@ the volume to a non-silent value and will then be spoken.
168166has the value 'none' are not spoken and take no time. Child elements
169167may however override this value and may be spoken normally.
170168
171- <H3>Pause properties</H3>
169+ <H3>Pause properties: <span
170+ class="propinst-pause-before">'pause-before'</span>, <span
171+ class="propinst-pause-after">'pause-after'</span>, and <span
172+ class="propinst-pause">'pause'</span></H3>
172173
174+ <!-- #include src=properties/pause-before.srb -->
173175
174- <P>This property specifies the pause before an element is spoken. It
175- may be given in an absolute units (seconds, milliseconds) or as a
176- relative value, in which case it is relative to the reciprocal of the
177- <span class="propinst-speech-rate">'speech-rate'</span> property. If
176+ <P>The <span
177+ class="propinst-pause-before">'pause-before'</span> property specifies
178+ the pause before an element is spoken. It may be given in an absolute
179+ units (seconds, milliseconds) or as a relative value, in which case it
180+ is relative to the reciprocal of the <span
181+ class="propinst-speech-rate">'speech-rate'</span> property. If
178182speech-rate is 120 words per minute (i.e., a word takes half a second,
179183500 milliseconds) then a <span
180184class="propinst-pause-before">'pause-before'</span> of 100% means a
@@ -185,14 +189,12 @@ class="propinst-pause-before">'pause-before'</span> of 20% means
185189<p>Using relative units gives more robust stylesheets in the face of
186190large changes in speech-rate and is recommended practice.
187191
188- <H4><a name="propdef-pause-after">'pause-after'</a></H4>
189192<!-- #include src=properties/pause-after.srb -->
190193
191194<P>This property specifies the pause after an element is
192195spoken. Values are specified the same way as <span
193196class="propinst-pause-before">'pause-before'</span>.
194197
195- <H4><a name="propdef-pause">'pause'</a></H4>
196198<!-- #include src=properties/pause.srb -->
197199
198200<P>The <span class="propinst-pause">'pause'</span> property is a
@@ -214,12 +216,13 @@ Examples:
214216</PRE>
215217</div>
216218
217- <H3>Cue properties</H3>
219+ <H3>Cue properties: <span
220+ class="propinst-cue-before">'cue-before'</span>, <span
221+ class="propinst-cue-after">'cue-after'</span>, and <span
222+ class="propinst-cue">'cue'</span></H3>
218223
219- <H4><a name="propdef-cue-before">'cue-before'</a></H4>
220224<!-- #include src=properties/cue-before.srb -->
221225
222- <H4><a name="propdef-cue-after">'cue-after'</a></H4>
223226<!-- #include src=properties/cue-after.srb -->
224227
225228<P>Auditory icons are another way to distinguish semantic
@@ -241,7 +244,6 @@ than using two special-purpose properties. This would be more
241244general.</p>
242245-->
243246
244- <H4><a name="propdef-cue">'cue'</a></H4>
245247<!-- #include src=properties/cue.srb -->
246248
247249<P>The same sound can be used both before and after, using the
@@ -257,9 +259,9 @@ The following two rules are equivalent:
257259</div>
258260
259261
260- <H3>Mixing properties</H3>
262+ <H3>Mixing properties: <span
263+ class="propinst-play-during">'play-during'</span></H3>
261264
262- <H4><a name="propdef-play-during">'play-during'</a></H4>
263265<!-- #include src=properties/play-during.srb -->
264266
265267<p>Similar to the <span
@@ -300,21 +302,23 @@ right channels should be placed to either side of this position.
300302
301303<!-- ================================================================== -->
302304
303- <H3>Spatial properties</H3>
305+ <H3>Spatial properties: <span
306+ class="propinst-azimuth">'azimuth'</span> and
307+ <span class="propinst-elevation">'elevation'</span>
308+ </H3>
304309
305310<p>Spatial audio is an important stylistic property for aural
306311presentation. It provides a natural way to tell several voices apart,
307312the same way we use in real life (people rarely all stand in the same
308- spot in a room). Stereo speakers produce a lateral
309- sound stage. Binaural headphones or the increasingly popular 5-speaker
310- home theater setups can generate full surround sound, and
311- multi-speaker setups can create a true three-dimensional
312- sound stage. VRML 2.0 also includes spatial audio (and uses the same
313- azimuth and elevation terms, which originate in astronomy), which
314- implies that in time consumer-priced spatial audio hardware will
315- become more widely available.
316-
317- <H4><a name="propdef-azimuth">'azimuth'</a></H4>
313+ spot in a room). Stereo speakers produce a lateral sound
314+ stage. Binaural headphones or the increasingly popular 5-speaker home
315+ theater setups can generate full surround sound, and multi-speaker
316+ setups can create a true three-dimensional sound stage. VRML 2.0 also
317+ includes spatial audio (and uses the same azimuth and elevation terms,
318+ which originate in astronomy), which implies that in time
319+ consumer-priced spatial audio hardware will become more widely
320+ available.
321+
318322<!-- #include src=properties/azimuth.srb -->
319323
320324<P>The value is given in the range -360deg <= x < 360deg where
@@ -371,7 +375,6 @@ values. One method is as follows:
371375 <li>if 180deg < x <= 270deg then x := 540deg - x
372376</ul>
373377
374- <H4><a name="propdef-elevation">'elevation'</a></H4>
375378<!-- #include src=properties/elevation.srb -->
376379
377380<P>The value is given in degrees in the range -90deg to 90deg. 0deg is
@@ -396,9 +399,19 @@ Examples:
396399</div>
397400
398401
399- <h3>Voice characteristic properties</h3>
402+ <h3>Voice characteristic properties: <span
403+ class="propinst-speech-rate">'speech-rate'</span>, <span
404+ class="propinst-voice-family">'voice-family'</span>,
405+ <span class="propinst-pitch">'pitch'</span>,
406+ <span class="propinst-pitch-range">'pitch-range'</span>,
407+ <span class="propinst-stress">'stress'</span>,
408+ <span class="propinst-richness">'richness'</span>,
409+ <span class="propinst-speak-punctuation">'speak-punctuation'</span>,
410+ <span class="propinst-speak-date">'speak-date'</span>,
411+ <span class="propinst-speak-numeral">'speak-numeral'</span>, and
412+ <span class="propinst-speak-time">'speak-time'</span>
413+ </h3>
400414
401- <H4><a name="propdef-speech-rate">'speech-rate'</a></H4>
402415<!-- #include src=properties/speech-rate.srb -->
403416
404417<P>Specifies the speaking rate. Note that both absolute and relative
@@ -409,7 +422,6 @@ somewhat by language but is nevertheless widely supported by speech
409422synthesizers. The value 'medium' refers to the reader's preferred
410423speech-rate setting. Relative values may be cascaded more readily.
411424
412- <H4><a name="propdef-voice-family">'voice-family'</a></H4>
413425<!-- #include src=properties/voice-family.srb -->
414426
415427<P>The value is a prioritized list of voice family names (compare
@@ -435,19 +447,16 @@ fonts). If so, what are the values that describe these voice families
435447in a way that is independent of speech synthesizer?
436448-->
437449
438- <H4><a name="propdef-pitch">'pitch'</a></H4>
439450<!-- #include src=properties/pitch.srb -->
440451
441452<p>Specifies the average pitch of the speaking voice in hertz (Hz).
442453
443- <H4><a name="propdef-pitch-range">'pitch-range'</a></H4>
444454<!-- #include src=properties/pitch-range.srb -->
445455
446456<p>Specifies variation in average pitch. A pitch range of 0% produces
447457a flat, monotonic voice. A pitch range of 50% produces normal
448458inflection. Pitch ranges greater than 50% produce animated voices.
449459
450- <H4><a name="propdef-stress">'stress'</a></H4>
451460<!-- #include src=properties/stress.srb -->
452461
453462<p>Specifies the level of stress (assertiveness or emphasis) of the
@@ -462,7 +471,6 @@ more strongly inflected. It is in a sense dual to the <span
462471class="propinst-pitch-range">'pitch-range'</span> property and is
463472provided to allow developers to exploit higher-end auditory displays.
464473
465- <H4><a name="propdef-richness">'richness'</a></H4>
466474<!-- #include src=properties/richness.srb -->
467475
468476<P>Specifies the richness (brightness) of the speaking voice. The
@@ -474,15 +482,13 @@ voice.
474482<P><EM>The following four properties are <STRONG>very</STRONG>
475483preliminary</EM>; discussion is invited:
476484
477- <H4><a name="propdef-speak-punctuation">'speak-punctuation'</a></H4>
478485<!-- #include src=properties/speak-punctuation.srb -->
479486
480487<p>A value of 'code' indicates that punctuation such as semicolons,
481488braces, and so on are to be spoken literally. The default value of
482489'none' means that punctuation is not spoken but instead is rendered
483490naturally as various pauses.
484491
485- <H4><a name="propdef-speak-date">'speak-date'</a></H4>
486492<!-- #include src=properties/speak-date.srb -->
487493
488494
@@ -501,10 +507,8 @@ HTML tag used to identify dates, such as:
501507</pre>
502508</div>
503509
504- <H4><a name="propdef-speak-numeral">'speak-numeral'</a></H4>
505510<!-- #include src=properties/speak-numeral.srb -->
506511
507- <H4><a name="propdef-speak-time">'speak-time'</a></H4>
508512<!-- #include src=properties/speak-time.srb -->
509513
510514</BODY>
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