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[css2] Updated (quickly) for new table value names for display, adjusted heading levels
--HG-- extra : convert_revision : svn%3A73dc7c4b-06e6-40f3-b4f7-9ed1dbc14bfc/trunk%40775
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css2/visuren.src

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<html lang="en">
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<!-- $Id: visuren.src,v 1.69 1998-01-28 18:09:18 bbos Exp $ -->
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<!-- $Id: visuren.src,v 1.70 1998-01-29 00:52:53 ijacobs Exp $ -->
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<HEAD>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
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<TITLE>Visual rendering model</TITLE>
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floating boxes.
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<P>The <a href="#box-model">box model</a> describes the generation of
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boxes. The normal, float, and absolute positioning models describe the
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<a href="#layout">layout</a> of these boxes with respect to containing
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blocks.
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boxes. The layout of these boxes is governed by:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#box-dimensions">box dimensions</a> and <a
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href="#box-gen">type</a>.
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<li><a href="#positioning-scheme">positioning scheme</a>
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(normal, float, and absolute positioning models).
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<li>relationships between elements
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in the <a href="conform.html#doctree">document tree.</a>
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<li>external information (e.g., viewport size, intrinsic
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dimensions of images, etc.).
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</ul>
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<P>The properties defined in this chapter apply to both <a
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href="media.html#continuous-media-group">continuous media</a> and <a
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do not cause paragraph breaks (e.g., pieces of text, inline images,
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etc.). Several values of the <span
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class="propinst-display">'display'</span> property make an element
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inline: 'inline', 'compact' and 'run-in' (part of the time; see <a
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inline: 'inline', 'inline-table',
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'compact' and 'run-in' (part of the time; see <a
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href="#compact-and-run-in">compact and run-in boxes</a>).
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Inline elements generate inline boxes.
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For information about lists and examples of list formatting,
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please consult the section on <a href="lists.html">lists</a>.
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<dt><span class="index-def" title="'none'::as list style"><span
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class="value-def-none"><strong>'none'</strong></span></span>
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<dt><span class="value-def-none"><strong>'none'</strong></span>
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<dd>This value causes an element to generate <b>no</b> boxes in the <a
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<dd><span class="index-def" title="'none'::as list style">This
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value</span> causes an element to generate <b>no</b> boxes in the <a
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href="intro.html#rendering-structure">rendering structure</a> (i.e.,
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the element has no effect on layout). Descendant elements do not
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generate any boxes either; this behavior <strong>cannot</strong> be
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<dd>These values create a box that is block-level
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or inline, depending on context. These values are described below.
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<dt><span class="index-def" title="'table', definition
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of"><a name="value-def-table"><strong>'table'</strong></a></span>, <span
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class="index-def" title="'row-group', definition of"><a
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name="value-def-row-group"><strong>'row-group'</strong></a></span>, <span
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class="index-def" title="'col-group', definition of"><a
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name="value-def-col-group"><strong>'col-group'</strong></a></span>, <span
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class="index-def" title="'row', definition of"><a
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name="value-def-row"><strong>'row'</strong></a></span>, <span class="index-def"
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title="'col', definition of"><a
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name="value-def-col"><strong>'col'</strong></a></span>, <span class="index-def"
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title="'cell', definition of"><a
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name="value-def-cell"><strong>'cell'</strong></a></span>, and <span class="index-def"
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title="'caption', definition of"><a
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name="value-def-caption"><strong>'caption'</strong></a></span>
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<dd>These values cause an element to behave
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like a <a href="tables.html#table-elements">table element</a>
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<dt><span class="index-def" title="'table', definition of"><a
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name="value-def-table"><strong>'table'</strong></a></span>, <span
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class="index-def" title="&lt;inline-table&gt;, definition of"><a
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name="value-def-inline-table">&lt;inline-table&gt;</a></span>, <span
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class="index-def" title="'table-row-group', definition of"><a
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name="value-def-table-row-group"><strong>'table-row-group'</strong></a></span>,
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<span class="index-def" title="'table-column-group', definition of"><a
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name="value-def-table-column-group"><strong>'table-column-group'</strong></a></span>,
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<span class="index-def" title="'table-header-group', definition of"><a name="value-def-table-header-group">'table-header-group'</a></span>,
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<span class="index-def" title="'table-footer-group', definition of"><a name="value-def-table-footer-group">'table-footer-group'</a></span>,
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<span class="index-def" title="'table-row', definition of"><a
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name="value-def-table-row"><strong>'table-row'</strong></a></span>, <span
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class="index-def" title="'table-cell', definition of"><a
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name="value-def-table-cell"><strong>'table-cell'</strong></a></span>, and <span
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class="index-def" title="'table-caption', definition of"><a
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name="value-def-table-caption"><strong>'table-caption'</strong></a></span>
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<dd>These values cause an element to behave like a table element
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(subject to restrictions described in the chapter on <a
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href="tables.html">tables</a>.
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href="tables.html">tables</a>).
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</dl>
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<P>Note that although the <a href="cascade.html#initial-value">initial
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<span class="propinst-border-style">'border-style'</span> property).
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</ul>
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<H2><a name="layout">Box layout</a></H2>
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<P>The remainder of the visual rendering model describes how user
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agents lay out boxes. Layout is affected by:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#box-dimensions">Box dimensions</a> and <a
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href="#box-gen">type</a>.
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<li><a href="#positioning-scheme">Position scheme</a>.
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<li>Relationships between elements
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in the <a href="conform.html#doctree">document tree.</a>
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<li>External information (e.g., viewport size, intrinsic
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dimensions of images, etc.).
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</ul>
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<h3><a name="positioning-scheme">Positioning schemes</a></h3>
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<h2><a name="positioning-scheme">Positioning schemes</a></h2>
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<P>In CSS2, a box may be laid out according to three <span
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class="index-def" title="positioning scheme"><dfn>positioning
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siblings of floating boxes flow with respect to the final
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position of the floating box.
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<h4><a name="choose-position">Choosing a positioning scheme:</a> <span
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class="propinst-position">'position'</span> property</h4>
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<h3><a name="choose-position">Choosing a positioning scheme:</a> <span
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class="propinst-position">'position'</span> property</h3>
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<P>The <span class="propinst-position">'position'</span>, and <span
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class="propinst-float">'float'</span> properties determine which CSS2
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</em>
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</div>
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<H4><a name="position-props">Box offsets</a>: <span
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<H3><a name="position-props">Box offsets</a>: <span
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class="propinst-top">'top'</span>, <span
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class="propinst-right">'right'</span>, <span
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class="propinst-bottom">'bottom'</span>, <span
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class="propinst-left">'left'</span></H4>
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class="propinst-left">'left'</span></H3>
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<P>The position of an <a href="#relative-positioning">relatively</A>
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or <a href="#absolute-positioning">absolutely</A> (including <a
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calculations</a> and <a href="visudet.html#box-height">box height
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calculations</a> respectively.
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<H3><a name="normal-flow">Normal flow</a></H3>
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<H2><a name="normal-flow">Normal flow</a></H2>
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<P>Boxes in the normal flow belong to a <span class="index-def"
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title="formatting context">formatting context</span>, which may be
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<P><a href="#inline">Inline</a> boxes participate in an <a
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href="#inline-formatting">inline formatting</a> context.
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<h4><a name="anonymous">Anonymous boxes</a></h4>
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<h3><a name="anonymous">Anonymous boxes</a></h3>
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<P>Block-level elements whose <a
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href="conform.html#rendered-content">rendered content</a> contains
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(language, hyphenation, etc.) and lie outside the scope of this
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specification.
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<h4><a name="block-formatting">Block formatting context</a></h4>
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<h3><a name="block-formatting">Block formatting context</a></h3>
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<P>In a block formatting context, boxes are laid out one after the
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other, vertically. The vertical distance between two sibling boxes is
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the section on <a href="page.html#allowed-page-breaks">allowed
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page breaks</a>.
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<H4><a name="inline-formatting">Inline formatting context</a></H4>
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<H3><a name="inline-formatting">Inline formatting context</a></H3>
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<P>In an inline formatting context, boxes are laid out horizontally,
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one after the other. Horizontal margins, borders, and padding are
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<P>Note that with a small line height, the padding and borders
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around text in different lines may overlap.
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<h4><a name="direction">Direction of inline flow</a>: the <span
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class="propinst-direction">'direction'</span> property</h4>
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<h3><a name="direction">Direction of inline flow</a>: the <span
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class="propinst-direction">'direction'</span> property</h3>
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<!-- #include src=properties/direction.srb -->
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determined by the source element's <span
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class="propinst-margin">'margin'</span> properties.
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<H4><a name="relative-positioning">Relative positioning</a></H4>
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<H3><a name="relative-positioning">Relative positioning</a></H3>
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<P>Once a box has been assigned a position according to the <a
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href="#normal-flow">normal flow</a>, it may be shifted relative to
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href="#comparison">comparing normal, relative, floating, and
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absolute positioning</a>.
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<H3><a name="floats">Floats</a>: the <span
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<H2><a name="floats">Floats</a>: the <span
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class="propinst-float">'float'</span> and <span
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class="propinst-clear">'clear'</span> properties</H3>
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class="propinst-clear">'clear'</span> properties</H2>
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<P>A floating box is given a position and height according to the <a
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<P>A floating box has two interesting qualities:
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<ol>
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<li>It may be positioned at the right or left edge of
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a containing block (the <span class="propinst-float">'float'</span>
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property).
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<li>It may or may not allow content to flow next to it
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(the <span class="propinst-clear">'clear'</span> property).
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</ol>
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<!-- #include src=properties/float.srb -->
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<P>This property specifies whether a box should float to the left,
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right, or not at all. It may be set for elements that generate boxes
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that are not positioned absolutely (including fixed boxes).
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A floating box is given a position and height according to the <a
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href="#normal-flow">normal flow</a> (the <a
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href="cascade.html#computed-value">computed value</a> of the <span
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class="propinst-width">'width'</span> is '0' unless assigned
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href="visudet.html#collapsing-margins">collapse</a> with margins of
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adjacent boxes.
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<!-- #include src=properties/float.srb -->
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<P>This property specifies whether a box should float to the left,
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right, or not at all. It may be set for elements that generate boxes
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that are not positioned absolutely (including fixed boxes). The
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values have the following meanings:</p>
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<P>The values of this property have the following meanings:</p>
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<dl>
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<dt><strong>left</strong>
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IMG element and that the vertical margins do not collapse.
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</div>
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<H4>Controlling boxes adjacent to floating boxes</H4>
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<H3>Controlling flow next to floats</H3>
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<!-- #include src=properties/clear.srb -->
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additional constraints.
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<H3><a name="absolute-positioning">Absolute positioning</a></H3>
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<H2><a name="absolute-positioning">Absolute positioning</a></H2>
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<!--
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<p>Absolutely positioned boxes act like block-level boxes, but
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another box, depending on the <a href="#z-order">z-order</a> of the
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overlapping boxes.
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<H4><a name="fixed-positioning">Fixed positioning</a></H4>
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<H3><a name="fixed-positioning">Fixed positioning</a></H3>
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<P>Fixed positioning is a variant of absolute positioning. The only
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difference is that for a fixed positioned box, the containing block is
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</PRE>
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</DIV>
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<h3>Relationships between 'display', 'position', and 'float'</h3>
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<h2>Relationships between 'display', 'position', and 'float'</h2>
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<P>When specified for the same elements, the three properties that
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affect box generation and layout -- <span
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</em>
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</div>
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<H3><a name="comparison">Comparison of normal, relative, floating, absolute positioning</a></H3>
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<H2><a name="comparison">Comparison of normal, relative, floating, absolute positioning</a></H2>
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<P>To illustrate the relationship between normal flow, relative
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positioning, floats, and absolute positioning, we provide a series of
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examples based on the following HTML fragment:
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clarity) lines.</p>
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<P>&nbsp;</P>
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<H4>Normal flow</H4>
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<H3>Normal flow</H3>
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<p>Consider the following CSS declarations for <em>outer</em> and
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<em>inner</em> that don't alter the <a href="#normal-flow">normal
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<P><img src="./images/flow-generic.gif"
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alt="Image illustrating the normal flow of text between parent and sibling boxes."></p>
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<H4>Relative positioning</H4>
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<H3>Relative positioning</H3>
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<P>To see the effect of <a href="#relative-positioning">relative
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positioning</a>, consider the following CSS rules:
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<P>Note also that if the relative positioning of <em>outer</em> were -24px, the
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text of <em>outer</em> and the body text would have overlapped.
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<H4>Floating a box</H4>
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<H3>Floating a box</H3>
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<P>Now consider the effect of <a href="#floats">floating</a> the
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<em>inner</em> element's text to the right by means of the following
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<P><img src="./images/flow-clear2.gif"
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alt="Image illustrating the effects of floating an element with setting the clear property to control the flow of text around the element."></p>
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<H4>Absolute positioning</H4>
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<H3>Absolute positioning</H3>
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<p>Finally, we consider the effect of <a
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href="#absolute-positioning">absolute positioning</a>.

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