# PostCSS image-set() Function [
][postcss]
[![NPM Version][npm-img]][npm-url]
[![Build Status][cli-img]][cli-url]
[
][discord]
[
][css-url]
[![CSS Standard Status][css-img]][css-url]
[PostCSS image-set() Function] lets you display resolution-dependent images
using the `image-set()` function in CSS, following the [CSS Images]
specification.
[](https://caniuse.com/#feat=css-image-set)
```css
.example {
background-image: image-set(
url(img.png) 1x,
url(img@2x.png) 2x,
url(img@print.png) 600dpi
);
}
/* becomes */
.example {
background-image: url(img.png);
}
@media (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), (min-resolution: 192dpi) {
.example {
background-image: url(img@2x.png);
}
}
@media (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 6.25), (min-resolution: 600dpi) {
.example {
background-image: url(my@print.png);
}
}
.example {
background-image: image-set(
url(img.png) 1x,
url(img@2x.png) 2x,
url(img@print.png) 600dpi
);
}
```
## Usage
Add [PostCSS image-set() Function] to your project:
```bash
npm install postcss-image-set-function --save-dev
```
Use [PostCSS image-set() Function] as a [PostCSS] plugin:
```js
const postcss = require('postcss');
const postcssImageSetFunction = require('postcss-image-set-function');
postcss([
postcssImageSetFunction(/* pluginOptions */)
]).process(YOUR_CSS /*, processOptions */);
```
[PostCSS image-set() Function] runs in all Node environments, with special
instructions for:
| [Node](INSTALL.md#node) | [PostCSS CLI](INSTALL.md#postcss-cli) | [Webpack](INSTALL.md#webpack) | [Gulp](INSTALL.md#gulp) | [Grunt](INSTALL.md#grunt) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
## Options
### preserve
The `preserve` option determines whether the original declaration using
`image-set()` is preserved. By default, it is preserved.
```js
postcssImageSetFunction({ preserve: false })
```
```css
.example {
background-image: image-set(
url(img.png) 1x,
url(img@2x.png) 2x,
url(img@print.png) 600dpi
);
}
/* becomes */
@media (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1), (min-resolution: 96dpi) {
.example {
background-image: url(img.png);
}
}
@media (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), (min-resolution: 192dpi) {
.example {
background-image: url(img@2x.png);
}
}
@media (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 6.25), (min-resolution: 600dpi) {
.example {
background-image: url(my@print.png);
}
}
```
### onInvalid
The `onInvalid` option determines how invalid usage of `image-set()` should be
handled. By default, invalid usages of `image-set()` are ignored.
They can be configured to emit a warning with `warn` or throw an exception with `throw`.
```js
postcssImageSetFunction({ onInvalid: 'warn' }) // warn on invalid usages
```
```js
postcssImageSetFunction({ onInvalid: 'throw' }) // throw on invalid usages
```
## Image Resolution
The `image-set()` function allows an author to provide multiple resolutions of
an image and let the browser decide which is most appropriate in a given
situation. The `image-set()` also never fails to choose an image; the
`` just helps determine which of the images is chosen.
Since this plugin is not a browser, the image options are sorted by device
pixel ratio and the lowest ratio is used as the default, while the remaining
images are pushed behind media queries.
Therefore, this plugin can only approximate native browser behavior. While
images should typically match the resolution as the device they’re being viewed
in, other factors can affect the chosen image. For example, if the user is on a
slow mobile connection, the browser may prefer to select a lower-res image
rather than wait for a larger, resolution-matching image to load.
[cli-img]: https://github.com/csstools/postcss-plugins/workflows/test/badge.svg
[cli-url]: https://github.com/csstools/postcss-plugins/actions/workflows/test.yml?query=workflow/test
[css-img]: https://cssdb.org/images/badges/image-set-function.svg
[css-url]: https://cssdb.org/#image-set-function
[discord]: https://discord.gg/bUadyRwkJS
[npm-img]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/postcss-image-set-function.svg
[npm-url]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/postcss-image-set-function
[CSS Images]: https://drafts.csswg.org/css-images-4/#image-set-notation
[Gulp PostCSS]: https://github.com/postcss/gulp-postcss
[Grunt PostCSS]: https://github.com/nDmitry/grunt-postcss
[PostCSS]: https://github.com/postcss/postcss
[PostCSS Loader]: https://github.com/postcss/postcss-loader
[PostCSS image-set() Function]: https://github.com/csstools/postcss-plugins/tree/main/plugins/postcss-image-set-function