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    <a href="../index-2.html">cppreference.com</a> &gt; <a href=
    "index.html">C++ Double-ended Queues</a> &gt; <a href=
    "back.html">back</a>
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    back
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    Syntax:
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  <pre class="syntax-box">
  #include &lt;deque&gt;
  <a href="../containers.html">TYPE</a>&amp; back();
  const <a href="../containers.html">TYPE</a>&amp; back() const;
</pre>

  <p>The back() function returns a reference to the last element in the
  dequeue.</p>

  <p>For example:</p>
<pre class="prettyprint">
 vector&lt;int&gt; v;
 for( int i = 0; i &lt; 5; i++ ) {
   v.push_back(i);
 }
 cout &lt;&lt; &quot;The first element is &quot; &lt;&lt; v.front()
      &lt;&lt; &quot; and the last element is &quot; &lt;&lt; v.back() &lt;&lt; endl;
</pre>

  <p>This code produces the following output:</p>
<pre class="prettyprint">
 The first element is 0 and the last element is 4
</pre>

  <p>The back() function runs in <a href="../complexity.html">constant
  time</a>.</p>

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