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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
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<head>
<meta name="generator" content=
"HTML Tidy for Linux/x86 (vers 1 September 2005), see www.w3.org">
<title>C++ Stacks</title>
<link href="../cppreference.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
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<script type="text/javascript" src="../prettify.js"></script>
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<table>
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<td>
<div class="body-content">
<div class="header-box">
<a href="../index-2.html">cppreference.com</a> > <a href=
"index.html">C++ Stacks</a>
</div>
<div class="name-format">
empty
</div>
<div class="syntax-name-format">
Syntax:
</div>
<pre class="syntax-box">
#include <stack>
bool empty() const;
</pre>
<p>The empty() function returns true if the stack has no elements,
false otherwise.</p>
<p>For example, the following code uses empty() as the stopping
condition on a <a href= "../keywords/while.html">while</a> loop to
clear a stack and display its contents in reverse order:</p>
<pre class="prettyprint">
stack<int> s;
for( int i = 0; i < 5; i++ ) {
s.push(i);
}
while( !s.empty() ) {
cout << s.top() << endl;
s.pop();
}
</pre>
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Related topics:
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<a href="size.html">size</a>
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<hr>
<div class="name-format">
pop
</div>
<div class="syntax-name-format">
Syntax:
</div>
<pre class="syntax-box">
#include <stack>
void pop();
</pre>
<p>The function pop() removes the top element of the stack and
discards it.</p>
<div class="related-name-format">
Related topics:
</div>
<div class="related-content">
<a href="push.html">push</a><br>
<a href="top.html">top</a>
</div>
</div>
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<hr>
<div class="name-format">
push
</div>
<div class="syntax-name-format">
Syntax:
</div>
<pre class="syntax-box">
#include <stack>
void push( const <a href="../containers.html">TYPE</a>& val );
</pre>
<p>The function push() adds <em>val</em> to the top of the current
stack.</p>
<p>For example, the following code uses the push() function to add
ten integers to the top of a stack:</p>
<pre class="prettyprint">
stack<int> s;
for( int i=0; i < 10; i++ )
s.push(i);
</pre>
<div class="related-name-format">
Related topics:
</div>
<div class="related-content">
<a href="pop.html">pop</a>
</div>
</div>
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<hr>
<div class="name-format">
size
</div>
<div class="syntax-name-format">
Syntax:
</div>
<pre class="syntax-box">
#include <stack>
<strong>size_type</strong> size() const;
</pre>
<p>The size() function returns the number of elements in the current
stack.</p>
<div class="related-name-format">
Related topics:
</div>
<div class="related-content">
<a href="empty.html">empty</a><br>
(C++ Multimaps) <a href=
"../cppmultimap/max_size.html">max_size</a><br>
(C++ Strings) <a href="../cppstring/capacity.html">capacity</a><br>
(C++ Strings) <a href="../cppstring/length.html">length</a><br>
(C++ Strings) <a href="../cppstring/resize.html">resize</a>
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<hr>
<div class="name-format">
Stack constructors
</div>
<div class="syntax-name-format">
Syntax:
</div>
<pre class="syntax-box">
#include <stack>
stack();
stack( const Container& con );
</pre>
<p>Stacks have an empty constructor and a constructor that can be
used to specify a container type.</p>
</div>
</td>
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<hr>
<div class="name-format">
top
</div>
<div class="syntax-name-format">
Syntax:
</div>
<pre class="syntax-box">
#include <stack>
<a href="../containers.html">TYPE</a>& top();
</pre>
<p>The function top() returns a reference to the top element of the
stack.</p>
<p>For example, the following code removes all of the elements from a
stack and uses top() to display them:</p>
<pre class="prettyprint">
while( !s.empty() ) {
cout << s.top() << " ";
s.pop();
}
</pre>
<div class="related-name-format">
Related topics:
</div>
<div class="related-content">
<a href="pop.html">pop</a>
</div>
</div>
</td>
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