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<a href="../index-2.html">cppreference.com</a> > <a href=
"index.html">Standard C I/O</a>
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<div class="name-format">
clearerr
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<div class="syntax-name-format">
Syntax:
</div>
<pre class="syntax-box">
#include <cstdio>
void clearerr( FILE *stream );
</pre>
<p>The clearerr function resets the error flags and
<strong>EOF</strong> indicator for the given <em>stream</em>. When an
error occurs, you can use <a href="perror.html">perror</a>() to
figure out which error actually occurred.</p>
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Related topics:
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<a href="feof.html">feof</a><br>
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<hr>
<div class="name-format">
fclose
</div>
<div class="syntax-name-format">
Syntax:
</div>
<pre class="syntax-box">
#include <cstdio>
int fclose( FILE *stream );
</pre>
<p>The function fclose() closes the given file stream, deallocating
any buffers associated with that stream. fclose() returns 0 upon
success, and <strong>EOF</strong> otherwise.</p>
<div class="related-name-format">
Related topics:
</div>
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<a href="fflush.html">fflush</a><br>
<a href="fopen.html">fopen</a><br>
<a href="freopen.html">freopen</a><br>
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<div class="name-format">
feof
</div>
<div class="syntax-name-format">
Syntax:
</div>
<pre class="syntax-box">
#include <cstdio>
int feof( FILE *stream );
</pre>
<p>The function feof() returns a nonzero value if the end of the
given file <em>stream</em> has been reached.</p>
<div class="related-name-format">
Related topics:
</div>
<div class="related-content">
<a href="clearerr.html">clearerr</a><br>
<a href="ferror.html">ferror</a><br>
<a href="getc.html">getc</a><br>
<a href="perror.html">perror</a><br>
<a href="putc.html">putc</a>
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<div class="name-format">
ferror
</div>
<div class="syntax-name-format">
Syntax:
</div>
<pre class="syntax-box">
#include <cstdio>
int ferror( FILE *stream );
</pre>
<p>The ferror() function looks for errors with <em>stream</em>,
returning zero if no errors have occured, and non-zero if there is an
error. In case of an error, use <a href="perror.html">perror</a>() to
determine which error has occured.</p>
<div class="related-name-format">
Related topics:
</div>
<div class="related-content">
<a href="clearerr.html">clearerr</a><br>
<a href="feof.html">feof</a><br>
<a href="perror.html">perror</a>
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<div class="name-format">
fflush
</div>
<div class="syntax-name-format">
Syntax:
</div>
<pre class="syntax-box">
#include <cstdio>
int fflush( FILE *stream );
</pre>
<p>If the given file <em>stream</em> is an output stream, then
fflush() causes the output buffer to be written to the file. If the
given <em>stream</em> is of the input type, then fflush() causes the
input buffer to be cleared. fflush() is useful when debugging, if a
program segfaults before it has a chance to write output to the
screen. Calling fflush( <strong>stdout</strong> ) directly after
debugging output will ensure that your output is displayed at the
correct time.</p>
<pre class="prettyprint">
printf( "Before first call\n" );
fflush( <strong>stdout</strong> );
shady_function();
printf( "Before second call\n" );
fflush( <strong>stdout</strong> );
dangerous_dereference();
</pre>
<div class="related-name-format">
Related topics:
</div>
<div class="related-content">
<a href="fclose.html">fclose</a><br>
<a href="fopen.html">fopen</a><br>
<a href="fread.html">fread</a><br>
<a href="fwrite.html">fwrite</a><br>
<a href="getc.html">getc</a><br>
<a href="putc.html">putc</a>
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<div class="name-format">
fgetc
</div>
<div class="syntax-name-format">
Syntax:
</div>
<pre class="syntax-box">
#include <cstdio>
int fgetc( FILE *stream );
</pre>
<p>The fgetc() function returns the next character from
<em>stream</em>, or <strong>EOF</strong> if the end of file is
reached or if there is an error.</p>
<div class="related-name-format">
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<hr>
<div class="name-format">
fgetpos
</div>
<div class="syntax-name-format">
Syntax:
</div>
<pre class="syntax-box">
#include <cstdio>
int fgetpos( FILE *stream, fpos_t *position );
</pre>
<p>The fgetpos() function stores the file position indicator of the
given file <em>stream</em> in the given <em>position</em> variable.
The position variable is of type fpos_t (which is defined in cstdio)
and is an object that can hold every possible position in a FILE.
fgetpos() returns zero upon success, and a non-zero value upon
failure.</p>
<div class="related-name-format">
Related topics:
</div>
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<a href="fseek.html">fseek</a><br>
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<hr>
<div class="name-format">
fgets
</div>
<div class="syntax-name-format">
Syntax:
</div>
<pre class="syntax-box">
#include <cstdio>
char *fgets( char *str, int num, FILE *stream );
</pre>
<p>The function fgets() reads up to <em>num</em> - 1 characters from
the given file <em>stream</em> and dumps them into <em>str</em>.
The string that fgets() produces is always
<strong>NULL</strong>-terminated. fgets() will stop when it reaches
the end of a line, in which case <em>str</em> will contain that
newline character. Otherwise, fgets() will stop when it reaches
<em>num</em> - 1 characters or encounters the <strong>EOF</strong>
character. fgets() returns <em>str</em> on success, and
<strong>NULL</strong> on an error.</p>
<div class="related-name-format">
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</div>
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<a href="fputs.html">fputs</a><br>
<a href="fscanf.html">fscanf</a><br>
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<hr>
<div class="name-format">
fopen
</div>
<div class="syntax-name-format">
Syntax:
</div>
<pre class="syntax-box">
#include <cstdio>
FILE *fopen( const char *fname, const char *mode );
</pre>
<p>The fopen() function opens a file indicated by <em>fname</em> and
returns a stream associated with that file. If there is an error,
fopen() returns <strong>NULL</strong>. <em>mode</em> is used to
determine how the file will be treated (i.e. for input, output,
etc)</p>
<table class="code-table">
<tr>
<th class="code-table-th">Mode</th>
<th class="code-table-th">Meaning</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="code-table-td">"r"</td>
<td class="code-table-td">Open a text file for reading</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="code-table-td">"w"</td>
<td class="code-table-td">Create a text file for writing</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="code-table-td">"a"</td>
<td class="code-table-td">Append to a text file</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="code-table-td">"rb"</td>
<td class="code-table-td">Open a binary file for reading</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="code-table-td">"wb"</td>
<td class="code-table-td">Create a binary file for writing</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="code-table-td">"ab"</td>
<td class="code-table-td">Append to a binary file</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="code-table-td">"r+"</td>
<td class="code-table-td">Open a text file for read/write</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="code-table-td">"w+"</td>
<td class="code-table-td">Create a text file for read/write</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="code-table-td">"a+"</td>
<td class="code-table-td">Open a text file for read/write</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="code-table-td">"rb+"</td>
<td class="code-table-td">Open a binary file for read/write</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="code-table-td">"wb+"</td>
<td class="code-table-td">Create a binary file for
read/write</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="code-table-td">"ab+"</td>
<td class="code-table-td">Open a binary file for read/write</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>An example:</p>
<pre class="prettyprint">
int ch;
FILE *input = fopen( "stuff", "r" );
ch = getc( input );
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fprintf
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<div class="syntax-name-format">
Syntax:
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<pre class="syntax-box">
#include <cstdio>
int fprintf( FILE *stream, const char *format, ... );
</pre>
<p>The fprintf() function sends information (the arguments) according
to the specified <em>format</em> to the file indicated by
<em>stream</em>. fprintf() works just like <a href=
"printf.html">printf</a>() as far as the format goes. The return
value of fprintf() is the number of characters outputted, or a
negative number if an error occurs. An example:</p>
<pre class="prettyprint">
char name[20] = "Mary";
FILE *out;
out = fopen( "output.txt", "w" );
if( out != <strong>NULL</strong> )
fprintf( out, "Hello %s\n", name );
</pre>
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fputc
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<div class="syntax-name-format">
Syntax:
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<pre class="syntax-box">
#include <cstdio>
int fputc( int ch, FILE *stream );
</pre>
<p>The function fputc() writes the given character <em>ch</em> to the
given output <em>stream</em>. The return value is the character,
unless there is an error, in which case the return value is
<strong>EOF</strong>.</p>
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fputs
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<div class="syntax-name-format">
Syntax:
</div>
<pre class="syntax-box">
#include <cstdio>
int fputs( const char *str, FILE *stream );
</pre>
<p>The fputs() function writes an array of characters pointed to by
<em>str</em> to the given output <em>stream</em>. The return value is
non-negative on success, and <strong>EOF</strong> on failure.</p>
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fread
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<div class="syntax-name-format">
Syntax:
</div>
<pre class="syntax-box">
#include <cstdio>
int fread( void *buffer, size_t size, size_t num, FILE *stream );
</pre>
<p>The function fread() reads <em>num</em> number of objects (where
each object is <em>size</em> bytes) and places them into the array
pointed to by buffer. The data comes from the given input
<em>stream</em>. The return value of the function is the number of
things read. You can use <a href="feof.html">feof</a>() or <a href=
"ferror.html">ferror</a>() to figure out if an error occurs.</p>
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freopen
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<div class="syntax-name-format">
Syntax:
</div>
<pre class="syntax-box">
#include <cstdio>
FILE *freopen( const char *fname, const char *mode, FILE *stream );
</pre>
<p>The freopen() function is used to reassign an existing
<em>stream</em> to a different file and mode. After a call to this
function, the given file <em>stream</em> will refer to <em>fname</em>
with access given by <em>mode</em>. The return value of freopen() is
the new stream, or <strong>NULL</strong> if there is an error.</p>
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fscanf
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<div class="syntax-name-format">
Syntax:
</div>
<pre class="syntax-box">
#include <cstdio>
int fscanf( FILE *stream, const char *format, ... );
</pre>
<p>The function fscanf() reads data from the given file
<em>stream</em> in a manner exactly like scanf(). The return value of
fscanf() is the number of variables that are actually assigned
values, or <strong>EOF</strong> if no assignments could be made.</p>
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fseek
</div>
<div class="syntax-name-format">
Syntax:
</div>
<pre class="syntax-box">
#include <cstdio>
int fseek( FILE *stream, long offset, int origin );
</pre>
<p>The function fseek() sets the file position data for the given
<em>stream</em>. The origin value should have one of the following
values (defined in cstdio):</p>
<table class="code-table">
<tr>
<th class="code-table-th">Name</th>
<th class="code-table-th">Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="code-table-td">SEEK_SET</td>
<td class="code-table-td">Seek from the start of the file</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="code-table-td">SEEK_CUR</td>
<td class="code-table-td">Seek from the current location</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="code-table-td">SEEK_END</td>
<td class="code-table-td">Seek from the end of the file</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>fseek() returns zero upon success, non-zero on failure. You can
use fseek() to move beyond a file, but not before the beginning.
Using fseek() clears the <strong>EOF</strong> flag associated with
that stream.</p>
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fsetpos
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<div class="syntax-name-format">
Syntax:
</div>
<pre class="syntax-box">
#include <cstdio>
int fsetpos( FILE *stream, const fpos_t *position );
</pre>
<p>The fsetpos() function moves the file position indicator for the
given <em>stream</em> to a location specified by the
<em>position</em> object. fpos_t is defined in cstdio. The return
value for fsetpos() is zero upon success, non-zero on failure.</p>
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ftell
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<div class="syntax-name-format">
Syntax:
</div>
<pre class="syntax-box">
#include <cstdio>
long ftell( FILE *stream );
</pre>
<p>The ftell() function returns the current file position for
<em>stream</em>, or -1 if an error occurs.</p>
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