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Node:<a name="Recursion">Recursion</a>,
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<h3 class="section">Recursive Use of <code>make</code></h3>

   <p>Recursive use of <code>make</code> means using <code>make</code> as a command in a
makefile.  This technique is useful when you want separate makefiles for
various subsystems that compose a larger system.  For example, suppose you
have a subdirectory <code>subdir</code> which has its own makefile, and you would
like the containing directory's makefile to run <code>make</code> on the
subdirectory.  You can do it by writing this:

<pre class="example">     subsystem:
             cd subdir &amp;&amp; $(MAKE)
     </pre>

<p>or, equivalently, this (see <a href="Options-Summary.html#Options%20Summary">Summary of Options</a>):

<pre class="example">     subsystem:
             $(MAKE) -C subdir
     </pre>

   <p>You can write recursive <code>make</code> commands just by copying this example,
but there are many things to know about how they work and why, and about
how the sub-<code>make</code> relates to the top-level <code>make</code>.  You may
also find it useful to declare targets that invoke recursive
<code>make</code> commands as <code>.PHONY</code> (for more discussion on when
this is useful, see <a href="Phony-Targets.html#Phony%20Targets">Phony Targets</a>).

   <p>For your convenience, GNU <code>make</code> sets the variable <code>CURDIR</code> to
the pathname of the current working directory for you.  If <code>-C</code> is
in effect, it will contain the path of the new directory, not the
original.  The value has the same precedence it would have if it were
set in the makefile (by default, an environment variable <code>CURDIR</code>
will not override this value).  Note that setting this variable has no
effect on the operation of <code>make</code>

<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="MAKE-Variable.html#MAKE%20Variable">MAKE Variable</a>:                The special effects of using <code>$(MAKE)</code>.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="Variables-Recursion.html#Variables%2fRecursion">Variables/Recursion</a>:          How to communicate variables to a sub-<code>make</code>.
<li><a accesskey="3" href="Options-Recursion.html#Options%2fRecursion">Options/Recursion</a>:            How to communicate options to a sub-<code>make</code>.
<li><a accesskey="4" href="-w-Option.html#-w%20Option">-w Option</a>:                    How the <code>-w</code> or <code>--print-directory</code> option
                                  helps debug use of recursive <code>make</code> commands.
</ul>

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