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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang=en>
<head><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv=Content-Type>
<title>CSS Syntax Module Level 3 (CSS3 Syntax)</title>
<link href="#contents" rel=contents>
<link href="#index" rel=index>
<link href="../default.css" rel=stylesheet type="text/css">
<link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-ED.css" rel=stylesheet
type="text/css">
<style type="text/css">
/* delete this block when you've cleared out all the .replaceme elements */
.replaceme {
border: solid red;
padding: 0 0.5em;
margin: 0 0.1em;
background: yellow;
color: green;
}
.replaceme:before {
content: "FIXME(";
color: black;
}
.replaceme:after {
content: ")";
color: black;
}
</style>
<body>
<div class=head> <!--begin-logo-->
<p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt=W3C height=48
src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width=72></a> <!--end-logo-->
<h1>CSS Syntax Module Level 3</h1>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=longstatus-date>Editor's Draft 21 August 2012</h2>
<dl>
<dt>This version:
<dd> <a
href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-syntax/">http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-syntax/</a>
<!--
<dt>Latest version:
<dd>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-syntax/">http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-syntax/</a>
-->
<dt>Editor's draft:
<dd> <a
href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-syntax/">http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-syntax/</a>
<dt>Previous version:
<dd> <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-css3-syntax-20030813/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-css3-syntax-20030813/</a>
<dt>Issue Tracking:
<dd> <a
href="https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/buglist.cgi?product=CSS&component=Syntax">W3C
Bugzilla</a>
<dt>Feedback:
<dd> <a
href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/">www-style@w3.org</a>
with subject line “<kbd>[css3-syntax] <var>… message topic
…</var></kbd>”
<dt>Editors:
<dd class="h-card vcard"> <a class="p-name fn u-url url"
href="http://www.xanthir.com/" rel=author>Tab Atkins Jr.</a> (<span
class="p-org org">Google, Inc.</span>), <span
class="u-email email">jackalmage@gmail.com</span>
</dl>
<!--begin-copyright-->
<p class=copyright><a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright"
rel=license>Copyright</a> © 2012 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><abbr
title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup> (<a
href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><abbr
title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>, <a
href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><abbr
title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>,
<a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>,
<a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a>
and <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document
use</a> rules apply.</p>
<!--end-copyright-->
<hr title="Separator for header">
</div>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=abstract>Abstract</h2>
<p> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS/">CSS</a> is a language for
describing the rendering of structured documents (such as HTML and XML) on
screen, on paper, in speech, etc. This module describes, in general terms,
the basic structure and syntax of CSS stylesheets. It defines, in detail,
the syntax and parsing of CSS - how to turn a stream of bytes into a
meaningful stylesheet.
<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=status>Status of this document</h2>
<!--begin-status-->
<p>This is a public copy of the editors' draft. It is provided for
discussion only and may change at any moment. Its publication here does
not imply endorsement of its contents by W3C. Don't cite this document
other than as work in progress.
<p>The (<a
href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/">archived</a>) public
mailing list <a
href="mailto:www-style@w3.org?Subject=%5Bcss3-syntax%5D%20PUT%20SUBJECT%20HERE">
www-style@w3.org</a> (see <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Mail/Request">instructions</a>) is preferred for
discussion of this specification. When sending e-mail, please put the text
“css3-syntax” in the subject, preferably like this:
“[<!---->css3-syntax<!---->] <em>…summary of comment…</em>”
<p>This document was produced by the <a href="/Style/CSS/members">CSS
Working Group</a> (part of the <a href="/Style/">Style Activity</a>).
<p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a
href="/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 W3C Patent
Policy</a>. W3C maintains a <a href="/2004/01/pp-impl/32061/status"
rel=disclosure>public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in
connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes
instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual
knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a
href="/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential
Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a
href="/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the
W3C Patent Policy</a>.</p>
<!--end-status-->
<p>The following features are at risk: …
<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=contents> Table of contents</h2>
<!--begin-toc-->
<ul class=toc>
<li><a href="#intro"><span class=secno>1. </span> Introduction</a>
<ul class=toc>
<li><a href="#placement"><span class=secno>1.1. </span> Module
interactions</a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#syntax-description"><span class=secno>2. </span> Description
of CSS's Syntax</a>
<li><a href="#parsing"><span class=secno>3. </span> Parsing</a>
<ul class=toc>
<li><a href="#overview-of-the-parsing-model"><span class=secno>3.1.
</span> Overview of the Parsing Model</a>
<li><a href="#the-input-byte-stream"><span class=secno>3.2. </span> The
input byte stream</a>
<ul class=toc>
<li><a href="#determining-the-character-encoding"><span
class=secno>3.2.1. </span> Determining the character encoding</a>
<li><a href="#preprocessing-the-input-stream"><span class=secno>3.2.2.
</span> Preprocessing the input stream</a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#parse-state"><span class=secno>3.3. </span> Parse
State</a>
<li><a href="#tokenization"><span class=secno>3.4. </span>
Tokenization</a>
<ul class=toc>
<li><a href="#tokenizer-flags"><span class=secno>3.4.1. </span>
Tokenizer Flags</a>
<li><a href="#definitions"><span class=secno>3.4.2. </span>
Definitions</a>
<li><a href="#data-state"><span class=secno>3.4.3. </span> Data
state</a>
<li><a href="#double-quote-string-state"><span class=secno>3.4.4.
</span> Double-quote-string state</a>
<li><a href="#single-quote-string-state"><span class=secno>3.4.5.
</span> Single-quote-string state</a>
<li><a href="#hash-state"><span class=secno>3.4.6. </span> Hash
state</a>
<li><a href="#hash-rest-state"><span class=secno>3.4.7. </span>
Hash-rest state</a>
<li><a href="#comment-state"><span class=secno>3.4.8. </span> Comment
state</a>
<li><a href="#at-keyword-state"><span class=secno>3.4.9. </span>
At-keyword state</a>
<li><a href="#at-keyword-rest-state"><span class=secno>3.4.10. </span>
At-keyword-rest state</a>
<li><a href="#identifier-state"><span class=secno>3.4.11. </span>
Identifier state</a>
<li><a href="#identifier-rest-state"><span class=secno>3.4.12. </span>
Identifier-rest state</a>
<li><a href="#transform-function-whitespace-state"><span
class=secno>3.4.13. </span> Transform-function-whitespace state</a>
<li><a href="#number-state"><span class=secno>3.4.14. </span> Number
state</a>
<li><a href="#number-rest-state"><span class=secno>3.4.15. </span>
Number-rest state</a>
<li><a href="#number-fraction-state"><span class=secno>3.4.16. </span>
Number-fraction state</a>
<li><a href="#dimension-state"><span class=secno>3.4.17. </span>
Dimension state</a>
<li><a href="#sci-notation-state"><span class=secno>3.4.18. </span>
Sci-notation state</a>
<li><a href="#url-state"><span class=secno>3.4.19. </span> URL
state</a>
<li><a href="#url-double-quote-state"><span class=secno>3.4.20.
</span> URL-double-quote state</a>
<li><a href="#url-single-quote-state"><span class=secno>3.4.21.
</span> URL-single-quote state</a>
<li><a href="#url-end-state"><span class=secno>3.4.22. </span> URL-end
state</a>
<li><a href="#url-unquoted-state"><span class=secno>3.4.23. </span>
URL-unquoted state</a>
<li><a href="#bad-url-state"><span class=secno>3.4.24. </span> Bad-URL
state</a>
<li><a href="#unicode-range-state"><span class=secno>3.4.25. </span>
Unicode-range state</a>
<li><a href="#consume-an-escaped-character"><span class=secno>3.4.26.
</span> Consume an escaped character</a>
<li><a href="#set-the-unicode-range-tokens-range"><span
class=secno>3.4.27. </span> Set the unicode-range token's range</a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#changes-from-css-2.1-tokenizer"><span class=secno>3.5.
</span> Changes from CSS 2.1 Tokenizer</a>
<li><a href="#tree-construction"><span class=secno>3.6. </span> Tree
Construction</a>
<ul class=toc>
<li><a href="#definitions0"><span class=secno>3.6.1. </span>
Definitions</a>
<li><a href="#top-level-mode"><span class=secno>3.6.2. </span>
Top-level mode</a>
<li><a href="#at-rule-mode"><span class=secno>3.6.3. </span> At-rule
mode</a>
<li><a href="#rule-mode"><span class=secno>3.6.4. </span> Rule
mode</a>
<li><a href="#selector-mode"><span class=secno>3.6.5. </span> Selector
mode</a>
<li><a href="#declaration-mode"><span class=secno>3.6.6. </span>
Declaration mode</a>
<li><a href="#after-declaration-name-mode"><span class=secno>3.6.7.
</span> After-declaration-name mode</a>
<li><a href="#declaration-value-mode"><span class=secno>3.6.8. </span>
Declaration-value mode</a>
<li><a href="#declaration-end-mode"><span class=secno>3.6.9. </span>
Declaration-end mode</a>
<li><a href="#next-block-error-mode"><span class=secno>3.6.10. </span>
Next-block error mode</a>
<li><a href="#next-declaration-error-mode"><span class=secno>3.6.11.
</span> Next-declaration error mode</a>
<li><a href="#consume-a-primitive"><span class=secno>3.6.12. </span>
Consume a primitive</a>
<li><a href="#consume-a-primitive-with-the-hashless-co"><span
class=secno>3.6.13. </span> Consume a primitive with the hashless
color quirk</a>
<li><a href="#consume-a-primitive-with-the-unitless-le"><span
class=secno>3.6.14. </span> Consume a primitive with the unitless
length quirk</a>
<li><a href="#consume-a-simple-block"><span class=secno>3.6.15.
</span> Consume a simple block</a>
<li><a href="#consume-a-function"><span class=secno>3.6.16. </span>
Consume a function</a>
<li><a href="#switch-to-the-current-rules-content-mode"><span
class=secno>3.6.17. </span> Switch to the current rule's content
mode</a>
<li><a href="#pop-the-current-rule"><span class=secno>3.6.18. </span>
Pop the current rule</a>
<li><a href="#finish-parsing"><span class=secno>3.6.19. </span> Finish
parsing</a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#changes-from-css-2.1-core-grammar"><span class=secno>3.7.
</span> Changes from CSS 2.1 Core Grammar</a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#conformance"><span class=secno>4. </span> Conformance</a>
<ul class=toc>
<li><a href="#conventions"><span class=secno>4.1. </span> Document
conventions</a>
<li><a href="#conformance-classes"><span class=secno>4.2. </span>
Conformance classes</a>
<li><a href="#partial"><span class=secno>4.3. </span> Partial
implementations</a>
<li><a href="#experimental"><span class=secno>4.4. </span> Experimental
implementations</a>
<li><a href="#testing"><span class=secno>4.5. </span> Non-experimental
implementations</a>
<li><a href="#cr-exit-criteria"><span class=secno>4.6. </span> CR exit
criteria</a>
</ul>
<li class=no-num><a href="#acknowledgments"> Acknowledgments</a>
<li class=no-num><a href="#references"> References</a>
<ul class=toc>
<li class=no-num><a href="#normative-references"> Normative
references</a>
<li class=no-num><a href="#other-references"> Other references</a>
</ul>
<li class=no-num><a href="#index"> Index</a>
<li class=no-num><a href="#property-index"> Property index</a>
</ul>
<!--end-toc-->
<h2 id=intro><span class=secno>1. </span> Introduction</h2>
<p><em>This section is not normative.</em>
<p><var class=replaceme>Provide background, motivation, etc.</var>
<h3 id=placement><span class=secno>1.1. </span> Module interactions</h3>
<p> This module defines the syntax and parsing of CSS stylesheets. It
supersedes the lexical scanner and grammar defined in CSS 2.1.
<h2 id=syntax-description><span class=secno>2. </span> Description of CSS's
Syntax</h2>
<p><em>This section is not normative.</em>
<p> A CSS document is a series of <a href="#rule"><i>rules</i></a>, which
apply CSS properties to elements in the source document, and <a
href="#at-rules"><i>at-rules</i></a>, which define special processing
rules or values for the CSS document.
<p> A <dfn id=rule>rule</dfn> starts with a selector (defined by the <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/">Selectors specification</a>), then
has a {}-wrapped block containing a sequence of declarations. The selector
specifies which elements the declarations will apply to. Each declaration
has a property name, followed by a colon and the property value, and
finished with a semicolon.
<div class=example>
<p> A typical rule might look something like this:
<pre>
p > a {
color: blue;
text-decoration: underline;
}</pre>
<p> In the above rule, "<code>p > a</code>" is the selector, which, if the
source document is HTML, selects any <code><a></code> elements that
are children of a <code><p></code> element.
<p> "<code>color: blue;</code>" is a declaration specifying that, for the
elements that match the selector, their ‘<code
class=property>color</code>’ property should have the value ‘<code
class=css>blue</code>’. Similiarly, their ‘<code
class=property>text-decoration</code>’ property should have the value
‘<code class=css>underline</code>’.
</div>
<p> <dfn id=at-rules title=at-rule>At-rules</dfn> are all different, but
they have a basic structure in common. They start with an "@" character
followed by their name. Some <a href="#at-rules"><i>at-rules</i></a> are
simple statements, with their name followed by more CSS values to specify
their behavior, and finally ended by a semicolon. Others are blocks; they
can have CSS values following their name, but they end with a {}-wrapped
block, similar to a <a href="#rule"><i>rule</i></a>. Even the contents of
these blocks are specific to the given <a
href="#at-rules"><i>at-rule</i></a>: sometimes they contain a sequence of
declarations, like a <a href="#rule"><i>rule</i></a>; other times, they
may contain additional blocks, or at-rules, or other structures
altogether.
<div class=example>
<p> Here are several examples of <a href="#at-rules"><i>at-rules</i></a>
that illustrate the varied syntax they may contain.
<pre>@import "my-styles.css";</pre>
<p> The ‘<code class=css>@import</code>’ <a
href="#at-rules"><i>at-rule</i></a> is a simple statement. After its
name, it takes a single string or ‘<code class=css>url()</code>’
function to indicate the stylesheet that it should import.
<pre>
@page :left {
margin-left: 4cm;
margin-right: 3cm;
}</pre>
<p> The ‘<code class=css>@page</code>’ <a
href="#at-rules"><i>at-rule</i></a> consists of an optional page selector
(the ":left" pseudoclass), followed by a block of properties that apply
to the page when printed. In this way, it's very similar to a normal <a
href="#rule"><i>rule</i></a>, except that its properties don't apply to
any "element", but rather the page itself.
<pre>
@media print {
body { font-size: 10pt }
}</pre>
<p> The ‘<code class=css>@media</code>’ <a
href="#at-rules"><i>at-rule</i></a> begins with a media type and a list
of optional media queries. Its block contains entire rules, which are
only applied when the ‘<code class=css>@media</code>’s conditions are
fulfilled.
</div>
<p> Property names and <a href="#at-rules"><i>at-rule</i></a> names are
always <b>identifiers</b>, which have to start with a letter or a hyphen
followed by a letter, and then can contain letters, numbers, hyphens, or
underscores. You can include any character at all, even ones that CSS uses
in its syntax, by escaping it with a backslash (\) or by using a
hexadecimal escape.
<p> The syntax of selectors is defined in the <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/">Selectors spec</a>. Similarly, the
syntax of the wide variety of CSS values is defined in the <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-values/">Values & Units spec</a>. The
special syntaxes of individual <a href="#at-rules"><i>at-rules</i></a> can
be found in the specs that define them.
<h2 id=parsing><span class=secno>3. </span> Parsing</h2>
<p> User agents must use the parsing rules described in this section to
generate the CSSOM trees from text/css resources. Together, these rules
define what is referred to as the CSS parser.
<p> This specification defines the parsing rules for CSS documents, whether
they are syntactically correct or not. Certain points in the parsing
algorithm are said to be parse errors. The error handling for parse errors
is well-defined: user agents must either act as described below when
encountering such problems, or must abort processing at the first error
that they encounter for which they do not wish to apply the rules
described below.
<p> Conformance checkers must report at least one parse error condition to
the user if one or more parse error conditions exist in the document and
must not report parse error conditions if none exist in the document.
Conformance checkers may report more than one parse error condition if
more than one parse error condition exists in the document. Conformance
checkers are not required to recover from parse errors.
<h3 id=overview-of-the-parsing-model><span class=secno>3.1. </span>
Overview of the Parsing Model</h3>
<p> The input to the CSS parsing process consists of a stream of Unicode
code points, which is passed through a tokenization stage followed by a
tree construction stage. The output is a CSSStyleSheet object.
<p class=note> Implementations that do not support scripting do not have to
actually create a CSSOM CSSStyleSheet object, but the CSSOM tree in such
cases is still used as the model for the rest of the specification.
<h3 id=the-input-byte-stream><span class=secno>3.2. </span> The input byte
stream</h3>
<p> The stream of Unicode code points that comprises the input to the
tokenization stage will be initially seen by the user agent as a stream of
bytes (typically coming over the network or from the local file system).
The bytes encode the actual characters according to a particular character
encoding, which the user agent must use to decode the bytes into
characters.
<p> The <i>encoding sniffing algorithm</i> defined below is used to
determine the character encoding.
<p> Given an encoding, the bytes in the input byte stream must be converted
to Unicode code points for the tokenizer's input stream, as described by
the rules for that encoding, except that the leading U+FEFF BYTE ORDER
MARK character, if any, must not be stripped by the encoding layer (it is
stripped by the rule below).
<p> Bytes or sequences of bytes in the original byte stream that could not
be converted to Unicode code points must be converted to U+FFFD
REPLACEMENT CHARACTERs. Specifically, if the encoding is UTF-8, the bytes
must be decoded with the error handling defined in this specification.
<p class=note> Bytes or sequences of bytes in the original byte stream that
did not conform to the encoding specification (e.g. invalid UTF-8 byte
sequences in a UTF-8 input byte stream) are errors that conformance
checkers are expected to report.
<h4 id=determining-the-character-encoding><span class=secno>3.2.1. </span>
Determining the character encoding</h4>
<div class=issue>
<p> General algorithm:
<ol>
<li> If the stylesheet is embedded, the charset is the charset of the
outer document.
<li> If the resource carried a Charset header, and the value of the
header is a valid charset, that's the charset of the stylesheet.
<li> If the document contains an @charset rule at the very top (specify
how to parse this in the presence of arbitrary charsets) and it
specifies a valid charset, that's the charset of the stylesheet.
<li> The charset is UTF-8.
</ol>
</div>
<h4 id=preprocessing-the-input-stream><span class=secno>3.2.2. </span>
Preprocessing the input stream</h4>
<p> The input stream consists of the characters pushed into it as the input
byte stream is decoded.
<p> One leading U+FEFF BYTE ORDER MARK character must be ignored if any are
present in the input stream.
<p class=note> The requirement to strip a U+FEFF BYTE ORDER MARK character
regardless of whether that character was used to determine the byte order
is a willful violation of Unicode, motivated by a desire to increase the
resilience of user agents in the face of naïve transcoders.
<p> U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) characters and U+000A LINE FEED (LF)
characters are treated specially. All CR characters must be converted to
LF characters, and any LF characters that immediately follow a CR
character must be ignored. Thus, newlines in CSS stylesheets are
represented by LF characters, and there are never any CR characters in the
input to the tokenization stage.
<p> The <dfn id=next-input-character>next input character</dfn> is the
first character in the input stream that has not yet been consumed or
explicitly ignored by the requirements in this section. Initially, the <a
href="#next-input-character"><i>next input character</i></a> is the first
character in the input. The <dfn id=current-input-character>current input
character</dfn> is the last character to have been consumed.
<p> The "EOF" character in the tables below is a conceptual character
representing the end of the input stream.
<h3 id=parse-state><span class=secno>3.3. </span> Parse State</h3>
<p> ...
<h3 id=tokenization><span class=secno>3.4. </span> Tokenization</h3>
<p> Implementations must act as if they used the following state machine to
tokenize CSS. The state machine must start in the <a
href="#data-state0"><i>data state</i></a>. Most states consume a single
character, which may have various side-effects, and either switches the
state machine to a new state to reconsume the same character, or switches
it to a new state to consume the next character, or stays in the same
state to consume the next character. Some states have more complicated
behavior and can consume several characters before switching to another
state.
<p> The output of the tokenization step is a series of zero or more of the
following tokens: identifier, function, at-keyword, hash, string,
bad-string, url, bad-url, delim, number, percentage, dimension,
unicode-range, whitespace, comment, cdo, cdc, colon, semicolon, [, ], (,
), {, }.
<p> Identifier, function, at-keyword, hash, string, and url tokens have a
value composed of zero or more characters. Delim tokens have a value
composed of a single character. Number, percentage, and dimension tokens
have a representation composed of 1 or more character, a numeric value,
and a type flag set to either "integer" or "number". The type flag
defaults to "integer" if not otherwise set. Dimension tokens additionally
have a unit composed of one or more characters. Unicode-range tokens have
a range of characters.
<p> The tokenizer state machine consists of the states defined in the
following subsections.
<h4 id=tokenizer-flags><span class=secno>3.4.1. </span> Tokenizer Flags</h4>
<p> The tokenizer can be run with any of several flags that alter its
behavior.
<dl>
<dt>the <dfn id=supports-scientific-notation>supports scientific
notation</dfn> flag
<dd> This flag is set if the tokenizer supports scientific notation in
numbers. When this is set, a sequence of characters like "12e3" will
tokenize as a number token with the value "12000". (Without the flag,
they would tokenize as a dimension token with value "12" and unit "e3".)
<p> Currently, this flag is only set when parsing SVG presentational
attributes.
<dt>the <dfn id=transform-function-whitespace>transform function
whitespace</dfn> flag
<dd> This flag is set when parsing SVG's <code>transform</code> attribute.
When this is set, whitespace is allowed between the name of a transform
function and its opening parenthesis.
</dl>
<h4 id=definitions><span class=secno>3.4.2. </span> Definitions</h4>
<p> This section defines several terms used during the tokenization phase.
<dl>
<dt><dfn id=digit>digit</dfn>
<dd> A character between U+0030 DIGIT ZERO (0) and U+0039 DIGIT NINE (9).
<dt><dfn id=hex-digit>hex digit</dfn>
<dd> A <a href="#digit"><i>digit</i></a>, or a character between U+0041
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A (A) and U+0046 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F (F), or a
character between U+0061 LATIN SMALL LETTER A (a) and U+0066 LATIN SMALL
LETTER F (f).
<dt><dfn id=uppercase-letter>uppercase letter</dfn>
<dd> A character between U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A (A) and U+005A
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z (Z).
<dt><dfn id=lowercase-letter>lowercase letter</dfn>
<dd> A character between U+0061 LATIN SMALL LETTER A (a) and U+007A LATIN
SMALL LETTER Z (z).
<dt><dfn id=letter>letter</dfn>
<dd> An <a href="#uppercase-letter"><i>uppercase letter</i></a> or a <a
href="#lowercase-letter"><i>lowercase letter</i></a>.
<dt><dfn id=non-ascii-character>non-ASCII character</dfn>
<dd> A character with a codepoint equal to or greater than U+00A0 NO-BREAK
SPACE.
<dt><dfn id=name-start-character>name-start character</dfn>
<dd> A <a href="#letter"><i>letter</i></a>, a <a
href="#non-ascii-character"><i>non-ASCII character</i></a>, or U+005F LOW
LINE (_).
<dt><dfn id=name-character>name character</dfn>
<dd> A <a href="#name-start-character"><i>name-start character</i></a>, A
<a href="#digit"><i>digit</i></a>, or U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-).
<dt><dfn id=non-printable-character>non-printable character</dfn>
<dd> A character between U+0000 NULL and U+0008 BACKSPACE or a character
between U+000E SHIFT OUT and U+001F INFORMATION SEPARATOR ONE or a
character between U+007F DELETE and U+009F APPLICATION PROGRAM COMMAND.
<dt><dfn id=newline>newline</dfn>
<dd> U+000A LINE FEED or U+000C FORM FEED. <span class=note> Note that
U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN is not included in this definition, as it is
removed from the stream during preprocessing. </span>
<dt><dfn id=whitespace>whitespace</dfn>
<dd>A <a href="#newline"><i>newline</i></a>, U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION,
or U+0020 SPACE.
<dt><dfn id=maximum-allowed-codepoint>maximum allowed codepoint</dfn>
<dd>The greatest codepoint defined by Unicode. This is currently U+10FFFF.
</dl>
<h4 id=data-state><span class=secno>3.4.3. </span> <dfn id=data-state0>Data
state</dfn></h4>
<p> Consume the <a href="#next-input-character"><i>next input
character</i></a>.
<dl>
<dt><a href="#whitespace"><i>whitespace</i></a>
<dd> Consume as much <a href="#whitespace"><i>whitespace</i></a> as
possible. Emit a whitespace token. Remain in this state.
<dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")
<dd> Switch to the <a
href="#double-quote-string-state0"><i>double-quote-string state</i></a>.
<dt>U+0023 NUMBER SIGN (#)
<dd> Switch to the <a href="#hash-state0"><i>hash state</i></a>.
<dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')
<dd> Switch to the <a
href="#single-quote-string-state0"><i>single-quote-string state</i></a>.
<dt>U+0028 LEFT PARENTHESIS (()
<dd> Emit a ( token. Remain in this state.
<dt>U+0029 RIGHT PARENTHESIS ())
<dd> Emit a ) token. Remain in this state.
<dt>U+002B PLUS SIGN (+)
<dd> If the <a href="#next-input-character"><i>next input
character</i></a> is a <a href="#digit"><i>digit</i></a>, or the <a
href="#next-input-character"><i title="next input character">next 2 input
characters</i></a> are U+002E FULL STOP (.) followed by a <a
href="#digit"><i>digit</i></a>, switch to the <a
href="#number-state0"><i>number state</i></a>. Reconsume the <a
href="#current-input-character"><i>current input character</i></a>.
<p> Otherwise, emit a delim token with its value set to U+002B PLUS SIGN
(+). Remain in this state.
<dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)
<dd> If the <a href="#next-input-character"><i
title="next input character">next 2 input characters</i></a> are U+002D
HYPHEN-MINUS U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (->), consume them, emit a CDC
token, and remain in this state.
<p> Otherwise, if the <a href="#next-input-character"><i>next input
character</i></a> is a <a href="#digit"><i>digit</i></a>, or the <a
href="#next-input-character"><i title="next input character">next 2
input characters</i></a> are U+002E FULL STOP (.) followed by a <a
href="#digit"><i>digit</i></a>, switch to the <a
href="#number-state0"><i>number state</i></a>. Reconsume the <a
href="#current-input-character"><i>current input character</i></a>.
<p> Otherwise, if the <a href="#next-input-character"><i>next input
character</i></a> is a <a href="#name-start-character"><i>name-start
character</i></a>, switch to the <a
href="#identifier-state0"><i>identifier state</i></a>. Reconsume the <a
href="#current-input-character"><i>current input character</i></a>.
<p> Otherwise, emit a delim token with its value set to U+002D
HYPHEN-MINUS (-). Remain in this state.
<dt>U+002E FULL STOP (.)
<dd> If the <a href="#next-input-character"><i>next input
character</i></a> is a digit, switch to the <a
href="#number-state0"><i>number state</i></a>. Reconsume the <a
href="#current-input-character"><i>current input character</i></a>.
<p> Otherwise, emit a delim token with its value set to U+002E FULL STOP
(.). Remain in this state.
<dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)
<dd> If the <a href="#next-input-character"><i>next input
character</i></a> is U+002A ASTERISK (*), consume it and switch to the <a
href="#comment-state0"><i>comment state</i></a>.
<p> Otherwise, emit a delim token with its value set to U+002F SOLIDUS
(/). Remain in this state.
<dt>U+003A COLON (:)
<dd> Emit a colon token. Remain in this state.
<dt>U+003B SEMICOLON (;)
<dd> Emit a semicolon token. Remain in this state.
<dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (<)
<dd> If the <a href="#next-input-character"><i
title="next input character">next 3 input characters</i></a> are U+0021
EXCLAMATION MARK U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (!--), consume
them and emit a cdo token. Remain in this state.
<p> Otherwise, emit a delim token with its value set to U+003C LESS-THAN
SIGN (<). Remain in this state.
<dt>U+0040 COMMERCIAL AT (@)
<dd> Switch to the <a href="#at-keyword-state0"><i>at-keyword
state</i></a>.
<dt>U+005B LEFT SQUARE BRACKET ([)
<dd> Emit a [ token. Remain in this state.
<dt>U+005C REVERSE SOLIDUS (\)
<dd> If the <a href="#next-input-character"><i>next input
character</i></a> is a <a href="#newline"><i>newline</i></a> or EOF, this
is a <i>parse error</i>. Emit a delim token with its value set to U+005C
REVERSE SOLIDUS (\). Remain in this state.
<p> Otherwise, switch to the <a href="#identifier-state0"><i>identifier
state</i></a>. Reconsume the <a
href="#current-input-character"><i>current input character</i></a>.
<dt>U+005D RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET (])
<dd> Emit a ] token. Remain in this state.
<dt>U+007B LEFT CURLY BRACKET ({)
<dd> Emit a [ token. Remain in this state.
<dt>U+007D RIGHT CURLY BRACKET (})
<dd> Emit a } token. Remain in this state.
<dt><a href="#digit"><i>digit</i></a>
<dd> Switch to the <a href="#number-state0"><i>number state</i></a>.
Reconsume the <a href="#current-input-character"><i>current input
character</i></a>.
<dt>U+0055 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U (U)
<dt>U+0075 LATIN SMALL LETTER U (u)
<dd> If the <a href="#next-input-character"><i
title="next input character">next 2 input character</i></a> are U+002B
PLUS SIGN (+) followed by a <a href="#hex-digit"><i>hex digit</i></a>,
consume the <a href="#next-input-character"><i>next input
character</i></a>. <span class=note>Note: don't consume both of
them.</span> Switch to the <a
href="#unicode-range-state0"><i>unicode-range state</i></a>.
<p> Otherwise, if the <a href="#next-input-character"><i
title="next input character">next 3 input characters</i></a> are U+0052
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R (R) or U+0072 LATIN SMALL LETTER R (r) followed
by U+004C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L (L) or U+006C LATIN SMALL LETTER L (l)
followed by U+0028 LEFT PARENTHESIS ((), consume them. Switch to the <a
href="#url-state0"><i>url state</i></a>.
<p>Otherwise, switch to the <a href="#identifier-state0"><i>identifier
state</i></a>. Reconsume the <a
href="#current-input-character"><i>current input character</i></a>.
<dt><a href="#name-start-character"><i>name-start character</i></a>
<dd> Switch to the <a href="#identifier-state0"><i>identifier
state</i></a>. Reconsume the <a
href="#current-input-character"><i>current input character</i></a>.
<dt>EOF
<dd> Emit an end-of-file token.
<dt>anything else
<dd> Emit a delim token with its value set to the <a
href="#current-input-character"><i>current input character</i></a>.
Remain in this state.
</dl>
<h4 id=double-quote-string-state><span class=secno>3.4.4. </span> <dfn
id=double-quote-string-state0>Double-quote-string state</dfn></h4>
<p> If a string token has not yet been created since entering this state,
create a string token with its value initially set to the empty string.
<p> Consume the <a href="#next-input-character"><i>next input
character</i></a>.
<dl>
<dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")
<dd> Emit the string token. Return to the <a href="#data-state0"><i>data
state</i></a>.
<dt>EOF
<dd> This is a <i>parse error</i>. Emit the string token. Switch to the <a
href="#data-state0"><i>data state</i></a>. Reconsume the <a
href="#current-input-character"><i>current input character</i></a>.
<dt><a href="#newline"><i>newline</i></a>
<dd> This is a <i>parse error</i>. Emit a bad-string token. Switch to the
<a href="#data-state0"><i>data state</i></a>. Reconsume the <a
href="#current-input-character"><i>current input character</i></a>.
<dt>U+005C REVERSE SOLIDUS (\)
<dd> If the <a href="#next-input-character"><i>next input
character</i></a> is an EOF, this is a <i>parse error</i>. Emit a
bad-string token, then switch to the <a href="#data-state0"><i>data
state</i></a>.
<p> Otherwise, if the <a href="#next-input-character"><i>next input
character</i></a> is a <a href="#newline"><i>newline</i></a>, consume
it. Remain in this state.
<p> Otherwise, <a href="#consume-an-escaped-character0"><i>consume an
escaped character</i></a>. Append the returned character to the string
token's value. Remain in this state.
<dt>anything else
<dd> Append the <a href="#current-input-character"><i>current input
character</i></a> to the string token's value. Remain in this state.
</dl>
<h4 id=single-quote-string-state><span class=secno>3.4.5. </span> <dfn
id=single-quote-string-state0>Single-quote-string state</dfn></h4>
<p> If a string token has not yet been created since entering this state,
create a string token with its value initially set to the empty string.
<p> Consume the <a href="#next-input-character"><i>next input
character</i></a>.
<dl>
<dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')
<dd> Emit the string token. Return to the <a href="#data-state0"><i>data
state</i></a>.
<dt>EOF
<dd> This is a <i>parse error</i>. Emit the string token. Switch to the <a
href="#data-state0"><i>data state</i></a>. Reconsume the <a
href="#current-input-character"><i>current input character</i></a>.
<dt><a href="#newline"><i>newline</i></a>
<dd> This is a <i>parse error</i>. Emit a bad-string token. Switch to the
<a href="#data-state0"><i>data state</i></a>. Reconsume the <a
href="#current-input-character"><i>current input character</i></a>.
<dt>U+005C REVERSE SOLIDUS (\)
<dd> If the <a href="#next-input-character"><i>next input
character</i></a> is an EOF, this is a <i>parse error</i>. Emit a
bad-string token, then switch to the <a href="#data-state0"><i>data
state</i></a>.
<p> Otherwise, if the <a href="#next-input-character"><i>next input
character</i></a> is a <a href="#newline"><i>newline</i></a>, consume
it. Remain in this state.
<p> Otherwise, <a href="#consume-an-escaped-character0"><i>consume an
escaped character</i></a>. Append the returned character to the string
token's value. Remain in this state.
<dt>anything else
<dd> Append the <a href="#current-input-character"><i>current input
character</i></a> to the string token's value. Remain in this state.
</dl>
<h4 id=hash-state><span class=secno>3.4.6. </span> <dfn id=hash-state0>Hash