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<title>CSS Flexible Box Layout Module</title>
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<link href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/default.css" rel=stylesheet
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type="text/css">
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<link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-ED" rel=stylesheet
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<link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-WD" rel=stylesheet
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type="text/css">
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<style>
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<h1 id=head-box-flexible>CSS Flexible Box Layout Module</h1>
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<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=w3c-working>Editor's Draft, 6 June 2012</h2>
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<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=w3c-working>W3C Working Draft, 12 June 2012</h2>
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<dl>
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<dt>This version:
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<!--<dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/ED-css3-flexbox-20120606/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-css3-flexbox-20120606/</a>-->
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<dd><a
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href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-flexbox/">http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-flexbox/</a>
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href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-css3-flexbox-20120612/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-css3-flexbox-20120612/</a>
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<!--<dd><a href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-flexbox/">http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-flexbox/</a>-->
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<dt>Latest version:
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<dd><a href="http://www.xanthir.com/contact">Tab Atkins Jr.</a>, Google
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Inc.
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<dd><a href="http://fantasai.inkedblade.net/contact">Elika J. Etemad</a>,
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Mozilla
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<dd>Alex Mogilevsky, Microsoft Corporation, <a
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href="mailto:alexmog@microsoft.com">alexmog@microsoft.com</a>
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<dt>Authors and former editors:
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<dd>L. David Baron, Mozilla Corporation, <a
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href="mailto:dbaron@dbaron.org">dbaron@dbaron.org</a>
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<dt>Authors and former editors:
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<dd>Neil Deakin, Mozilla Corporation, <a
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href="mailto:enndeakin@gmail.com">enndeakin@gmail.com</a>
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<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=status>Status of this document</h2>
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<!--begin-status-->
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<p>This is a public copy of the editors' draft. It is provided for
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discussion only and may change at any moment. Its publication here does
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not imply endorsement of its contents by W3C. Don't cite this document
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other than as work in progress.
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<p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of
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its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of
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current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report
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can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">W3C technical reports
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index at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</a></em>
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<p>Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the W3C
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Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or
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obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this
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document as other than work in progress.
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<p>The (<a
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href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/">archived</a>) public
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mailing list <a
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href="mailto:www-style@w3.org?Subject=%5Bcss3-flexbox%5D%20PUT%20SUBJECT%20HERE">
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www-style@w3.org</a> (see <a
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href="http://www.w3.org/Mail/Request">instructions</a>) is preferred for
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discussion of this specification. When sending e-mail, please put the text
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“css3-flexbox” in the subject, preferably like this:
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mailing list <a href="mailto:www-style@w3.org">www-style@w3.org</a> (see
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/Mail/Request">instructions</a>) is preferred
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for discussion of this specification. When sending e-mail, please put the
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text “css3-flexbox” in the subject, preferably like this:
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“[<!---->css3-flexbox<!---->] <em>…summary of comment…</em>
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<p>This document was produced by the <a href="/Style/CSS/members">CSS
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Working Group</a> (part of the <a href="/Style/">Style Activity</a>).
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<p>This document was produced by the <a
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href="http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/members">CSS Working Group</a> (part of
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the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Style/">Style Activity</a>).
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<p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a
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href="/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 W3C Patent
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Policy</a>. W3C maintains a <a href="/2004/01/pp-impl/32061/status"
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href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February
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2004 W3C Patent Policy</a>. W3C maintains a <a
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href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/32061/status"
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rel=disclosure>public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in
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connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes
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instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual
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knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a
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href="/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential
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href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential
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Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a
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href="/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the
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W3C Patent Policy</a>.</p>
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href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section
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6 of the W3C Patent Policy</a>.</p>
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<!--end-status-->
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<p> This specification is a <strong>Last Call Working Draft</strong>. All
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persons are encouraged to review this document and <strong>send comments
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to the <a
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href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/">www-style</a>
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mailing list</strong> as described above. The <strong>deadline for
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comments</strong> is <strong>3 July 2012</strong>.
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<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=table>Table of contents</h2>
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<!--begin-toc-->
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<li><a href="#box-model"><span class=secno>2. </span> Flex Layout Box
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Model</a>
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<li><a href="#display-flex"><span class=secno>3. </span> Flex Containers:
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the ‘<code class=css>flex</code>’ and ‘<code
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<li><a href="#flex-containers"><span class=secno>3. </span> Flex
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Containers: the ‘<code class=css>flex</code>’ and ‘<code
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class=css>inline-flex</code>’ ‘<code class=property>display</code>
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values</a>
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<p>This specification follows the <a
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href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/about.html#property-defs">CSS property
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definition conventions</a> from <a href="#CSS21"
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rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a>. Value types not defined in
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>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a>. Value types not defined in
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this specification are defined in CSS Level 2 Revision 1 <a
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href="#CSS21" rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a>. Other CSS
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href="#CSS21">[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a>. Other CSS
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modules may expand the definitions of these value types: for example
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[[CSS3VALUES]], when combined with this module, expands the definition of
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the &lt;length&gt; value type as used in this specification.
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<h2 id=box-model><span class=secno>2. </span> Flex Layout Box Model</h2>
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<p>An element with ‘<code class=css>display:flex</code>’ or ‘<code
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class=css>display:inline-flex</code>’ is a <dfn id=flex-container>flex
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container</dfn>. Children of a flex container are called <a
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href="#flex-item"><i>flex items</i></a> and are laid out using the flex
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layout model.
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<p> An element with ‘<code class=css>display:flex</code>’ or ‘<code
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class=css>display:inline-flex</code>’ is a <a
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href="#flex-container"><i>flex container</i></a>. Children of a flex
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container are called <a href="#flex-item"><i>flex items</i></a> and are
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laid out using the flex layout model.
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<p>Unlike block layout, which is normally biased towards laying things out
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vertically, and inline layout, which is normally biased toward laying
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href="#align-content"><code class=property>align-content</code></a>
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property.
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<h2 id=display-flex><span class=secno>3. </span> Flex Containers: the<a
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href="#flex"><code class=css>flex</code></a>’ and ‘<a
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<h2 id=flex-containers><span class=secno>3. </span> Flex Containers: the
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<a href="#flex"><code class=css>flex</code></a>’ and ‘<a
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href="#display-inline-flex"><code class=css>inline-flex</code></a>
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<code class=property>display</code>’ values</h2>
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<p> An element whose computed ‘<code class=property>display</code>’ is
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either ‘<a href="#flex"><code class=css>flex</code></a>’ or ‘<a
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href="#display-inline-flex"><code class=css>inline-flex</code></a>’ is a
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flex container, and establishes a new <dfn id=flex-formatting-context>flex
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formatting context</dfn> for its contents. This is the same as
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establishing a block formatting context, except that flex layout is used
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instead of block layout: floats do not intrude into the flex container,
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and the flex container's margins do not collapse with the margins of its
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contents. Additionally, each of the <a href="#flex-item"><i>flex
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items</i></a> establishes a new formatting context for its contents.
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<dfn id=flex-container>flex container</dfn>, and establishes a new <dfn
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id=flex-formatting-context>flex formatting context</dfn> for its contents.
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This is the same as establishing a block formatting context, except that
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flex layout is used instead of block layout: floats do not intrude into
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the flex container, and the flex container's margins do not collapse with
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the margins of its contents. Additionally, each of the <a
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href="#flex-item"><i>flex items</i></a> establishes a new formatting
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context for its contents.
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<p> The ‘<a href="#flex"><code class=css>flex</code></a>’ value makes
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the flex container a block-level element. The ‘<a
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href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/intro.html#formatting-structure">formatting
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struture</a>. Therefore, unlike on ‘<code
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class=css>display:none</code>’ items <a href="#CSS21"
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rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a>, effects that depend on an
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>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a>, effects that depend on an
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element appearing in the formatting structure (like incrementing counters
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or running animations and transitions) still operate on collapsed items.
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class=property>min-height</code>’ properties defined in CSS 2.1. <a
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href="#CSS21" rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a>
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<table class=propdef>
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<tbody>
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href="#main-size"><i>main size</i></a> of the <a href="#flex-item"><i>flex
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item</i></a>, before free space is distributed according to the flex
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ratios. If omitted, the <a href="#flex-basis"><i>flex basis</i></a>
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defaults to ‘<code class=css>0px</code>’. <span class=note>Note that
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defaults to ‘<code class=css>0%</code>’. <span class=note>Note that
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this is different from the initial value of ‘<a
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determines the size of the content box, unless otherwise specified such as
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by ‘<code class=property>box-sizing</code><a href="#CSS3UI"
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rel=biblioentry>[CSS3UI]<!--{{CSS3UI}}--></a>.
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>[CSS3UI]<!--{{CSS3UI}}--></a>.
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<h2 id=alignment><span class=secno>8. </span> Alignment</h2>
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perpendicular to the flex container's writing mode (in which case <a
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rules for a box in an orthogonal flow</a> <a href="#CSS3-WRITING-MODES"
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rel=biblioentry>[CSS3-WRITING-MODES]<!--{{!CSS3-WRITING-MODES}}--></a>
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>[CSS3-WRITING-MODES]<!--{{!CSS3-WRITING-MODES}}--></a>
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are in effect). If the flex basis is ‘<code
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perpendicular to the flex container's writing mode (in which case <a
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rules for a box in an orthogonal flow</a> <a href="#CSS3-WRITING-MODES"
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rel=biblioentry>[CSS3-WRITING-MODES]<!--{{!CSS3-WRITING-MODES}}--></a>
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>[CSS3-WRITING-MODES]<!--{{!CSS3-WRITING-MODES}}--></a>
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are in effect). If the flex basis is ‘<a
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href="#align-self-auto"><code class=css>auto</code></a>’, ‘<code
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class=css>fill-available</code>’, or ‘<code
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encountered (but collect at least one) into the flex container's inner
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main size into a flex line. A break is forced wherever the CSS2.1
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<code class=css>page-break-before/after</code><a href="#CSS21"
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rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{CSS21}}--></a> or the CSS3 ‘<code
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>[CSS21]<!--{{CSS21}}--></a> or the CSS3 ‘<code
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class=css>break-before/after</code><a href="#CSS3-BREAK"
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rel=biblioentry>[CSS3-BREAK]<!--{{CSS3-BREAK}}--></a> properties
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>[CSS3-BREAK]<!--{{CSS3-BREAK}}--></a> properties
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specify a fragmentation break.
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<p> For this step, the size of a flex item is its outer <a
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href="#hypothetical-main-size"><i>hypothetical main size</i></a>.
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the “page”. The same rules apply to any other fragmenters. (Substitute
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“page” with the appropriate fragmenter type as needed.) See the CSS3
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Fragmentation Module <a href="#CSS3-BREAK"
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rel=biblioentry>[CSS3-BREAK]<!--{{!CSS3-BREAK}}--></a>. For readability,
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>[CSS3-BREAK]<!--{{!CSS3-BREAK}}--></a>. For readability,
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in this section the terms "row" and "column" refer to the relative
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orientation of the flex container with respect to the block flow direction
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of the fragmentation context, rather than to the writing mode of the flex
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href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-break/#end-block">Class 3 break
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opportunities</a> occur between the first/last flex items on a line and
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the flex container's content edges. <a href="#CSS3-BREAK"
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rel=biblioentry>[CSS3-BREAK]<!--{{!CSS3-BREAK}}--></a>
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>[CSS3-BREAK]<!--{{!CSS3-BREAK}}--></a>
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<li> When a flex container is continued after a break, the space available
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to its <a href="#flex-item"><i>flex items</i></a> (in the block flow
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through <a href="#main-alignment">Main-Axis Alignment</a>, using only
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the items on this and following lines, but with the item causing the
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break automatically starting a new line in the <a
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href="#algo-line-break"> step, then continue with this step. Forced
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breaks <em>within</em> flex items are ignored. </a>
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href="#algo-line-break">line breaking step</a>, then continue with
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this step. Forced breaks <em>within</em> flex items are ignored.
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<li> If there are any flex items not laid out by the previous step,
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rerun the flex layout algorithm from <a href="#line-sizing">Line
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<p>All of the text of this specification is normative except sections
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explicitly marked as non-normative, examples, and notes. <a
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href="#RFC2119" rel=biblioentry>[RFC2119]<!--{{!RFC2119}}--></a>
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href="#RFC2119">[RFC2119]<!--{{!RFC2119}}--></a>
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<p>Examples in this specification are introduced with the words “for
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example” or are set apart from the normative text with
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<td>flex | inline-flex
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<td>
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<td>
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<td>
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<td>
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<td>
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<tr>
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<th><a class=property href="#flex">flex</a>
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<td>the percentage as specified or the absolute length or a keyword
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<td>
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<td>
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<td>
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<tr>
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<th><a class=property href="#order">order</a>
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title=flex-basis><strong>7.3.3.</strong></a>
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<li>flex container, <a href="#flex-container"
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title="flex container"><strong>2.</strong></a>
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title="flex container"><strong>3.</strong></a>
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<li>flex-direction, <a href="#flex-direction"
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title=flex-direction><strong>5.1.</strong></a>

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