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Check all errata applied, update doctype, update feedback to github issues
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‎css-color-3/Overview.src.html

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-html40-19980424/strict.dtd">
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../default.css">
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<style type="text/css">
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.example pre {
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background-color: #d5d5d5;
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background-color: #d5d5d5;
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margin: 1em 1cm;
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padding: 0 0.3cm;
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}
@@ -70,12 +69,12 @@ <h2 class="no-num no-toc">[LONGSTATUS] [DATE]</h2>
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<dt>Previous version:</dt>
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<dd><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-color-20110607/">https://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-color-20110607/</a></dd>
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<dt>Feedback:</dt>
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<dd><a href="mailto:www-style@w3.org?subject=%5Bcss-color%5D%20feedback"
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>www-style@w3.org</a>
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with subject line &ldquo;<kbd>[css-color]
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<var>&hellip; message topic &hellip;</var></kbd>&rdquo;
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(<a rel="discussion" href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/"
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>archives</a>)
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<dd><a href="https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues">GitHub Issues</a> are preferred for discussion of this specification.
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When filing an issue, please put the text “css-color-3” in the title,
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preferably like this:
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“[css-color-3] <i>…summary of comment…</i>”.
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All issues and comments are <a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-css-archive/">archived</a>,
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and there is also a <a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/">historical archive</a>.
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<dt>Editors:</dt>
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<dd class="vcard"><span lang="tr" class="fn">Tantek &Ccedil;elik</span>
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(<a class="company role url" href="http://tantek.com/">invited expert</a>,
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&lt;<a class="email"
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href="mailto:bradp@microsoft.com">bradp@microsoft.com</a>&gt;
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</dd>
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<dt>Test Suite:</dt>
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<dd><a
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href="http://test.csswg.org/suites/css3-color/nightly-unstable/">http://test.csswg.org/suites/css3-color/nightly-unstable/</a></dd>
@@ -124,7 +123,7 @@ <h2 class="no-num no-toc">[LONGSTATUS] [DATE]</h2>
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<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id="abstract">Abstract</h2>
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<p>CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language for describing the rendering
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of HTML and XML documents on screen, on paper, in speech, etc.
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of HTML and XML documents on screen, on paper, in speech, etc.
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It uses color-related properties and values to color the
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text, backgrounds, borders, and other parts of elements in a document.
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This specification describes color values and properties for foreground
@@ -155,14 +154,14 @@ <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id="contents">Table of Contents</h2>
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<h2 id="introduction">Introduction</h2>
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<p><em>This section is not normative.</em>
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<p><em>This section is non-normative.</em>
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<p>CSS beyond level 2 is a set of modules, divided up to allow the
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specifications to develop incrementally, along with their
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implementations. This specification is one of those modules.
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</p>
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<p>
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This module describes CSS properties which allow authors to specify the foreground color and
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This module describes CSS properties which allow authors to specify the foreground color and
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opacity of an element.
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This module also describes in detail the CSS &lt;color&gt; value type.
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</p>
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href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/">CSS2</a>, but also defines new
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properties and values.</p>
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<p>The Working Group doesn't expect that all implementations of CSS3 will implement
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all properties or values. Instead, there will probably be a small number of variants of CSS3,
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so-called "profiles". For example, it may be that only the profile for 32-bit color user agents
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<p>The Working Group doesn't expect that all implementations of CSS3 will implement
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all properties or values. Instead, there will probably be a small number of variants of CSS3,
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so-called "profiles". For example, it may be that only the profile for 32-bit color user agents
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will include all of the proposed color-related properties and values.
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>The computed value for basic color keywords, RGB hex values and extended color keywords
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is the equivalent triplet of numerical RGB values, e.g. <span class="example">six digit hex value or rgb(...) functional value</span>, with an alpha value of 1.
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<li>The computed value of the keyword '<span class="index-inst">transparent</span>' is the quadruplet of all zero numerical RGBA values, e.g. <span class="example">rgba(0,0,0,0)</span>.
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<li>The computed value of the keyword '<span class="index-inst">transparent</span>' is the quadruplet of all zero numerical RGBA values, e.g. <span class="example">rgba(0,0,0,0)</span>.
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<li>For all other values, the computed value is the specified value.
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</ul></td>
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</ul></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<p>This property describes the foreground color of an element's text
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content. In addition it is used to provide a potential indirect value
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(<a href="#currentcolor" class="index-inst">currentColor</a>) for any <em>other</em> properties that accept color values.
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content. In addition it is used to provide a potential indirect value
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(<a href="#currentcolor" class="index-inst">currentColor</a>) for any <em>other</em> properties that accept color values.
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If the '<span class="index-inst">currentColor</span>' keyword is set on the 'color' property itself, it is treated as ''color: inherit''.
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</p>
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<p>
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<h3 id="transparency">Transparency: the 'opacity' property</h3>
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<p>
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Opacity can be thought of as a postprocessing operation.
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Conceptually, after the element (including its descendants) is rendered into an RGBA offscreen image,
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the opacity setting specifies how to blend the offscreen rendering into
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Opacity can be thought of as a postprocessing operation.
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Conceptually, after the element (including its descendants) is rendered into an RGBA offscreen image,
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the opacity setting specifies how to blend the offscreen rendering into
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the current composite rendering.
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See <a href="#alpha">simple alpha compositing</a> for details.
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</p>
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<dd>Syntactically a &lt;number&gt;. The uniform opacity setting to be applied across an entire object.
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Any values outside the range 0.0 (fully transparent) to 1.0 (fully
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opaque) will be clamped to this range.
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opaque) will be clamped to this range.
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If the object has children,
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then the effect is as if the children
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were blended against the current background using a mask where the
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value of each pixel of the mask is &lt;alphavalue&gt;.
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For SVG, &lsquo;has children&rsquo; is equivalent to being a
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container element [[SVG11]].
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>Since an element with opacity less than 1 is composited from a
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<h2 id="colorunits">Color units</h2>
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<p>A
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<p>A
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<dfn class="value-def-color" id="valuea-def-color">&lt;color&gt;</dfn>
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is either a keyword or a numerical specification.
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</p>
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</p>
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<p> The format of an RGBA value in the functional notation is 'rgba('
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followed by a comma-separated list of three numerical values (either
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three integer values or three percentage values), followed by an
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three integer values or three percentage values), followed by an
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<a href="#alphavaluedt" class="index-inst">&lt;alphavalue&gt;</a>, followed by ')'.
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The integer value 255 corresponds to 100%, rgba(255,255,255,0.8) = rgba(100%,100%,100%,0.8).
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The integer value 255 corresponds to 100%, rgba(255,255,255,0.8) = rgba(100%,100%,100%,0.8).
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White space characters are allowed around the numerical values.
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</p>
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</pre>
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</div>
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<p class="note"><strong>Note.</strong> If RGBA values are not supported by a user agent,
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they should be treated like unrecognized values per the CSS forward compatibility parsing rules ([[!CSS21]], Chapter 4).
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<p class="note"><strong>Note.</strong> If RGBA values are not supported by a user agent,
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they should be treated like unrecognized values per the CSS forward compatibility parsing rules ([[!CSS21]], Chapter 4).
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RGBA values must <em>not</em> be treated as simply an RGB value with the opacity ignored.
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</p>
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<h4 id="transparent">''transparent'' color keyword</h4>
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<p>CSS1 introduced the ''transparent'' value for the background-color property. CSS2 allowed border-color to also accept the ''transparent'' value. The
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<p>CSS1 introduced the ''transparent'' value for the background-color property. CSS2 allowed border-color to also accept the ''transparent'' value. The
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Open eBook(tm) Publication Structure 1.0.1 [[OEB101]] extended the 'color' property to also accept the ''transparent'' keyword. CSS3 extends the color value to include the ''transparent'' keyword to allow its use with all properties that accept a &lt;color&gt; value. This simplifies the definition of those properties in CSS3.
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</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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There are several other color schemes possible.
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Some advantages of HSL are that it is symmetrical to lightness and darkness
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(which is not the case with HSV for example), and it is trivial to
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There are several other color schemes possible.
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Some advantages of HSL are that it is symmetrical to lightness and darkness
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(which is not the case with HSV for example), and it is trivial to
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convert HSL to RGB.
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</p>
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<p>
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HSL colors are encoding as a triple (hue, saturation, lightness).
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HSL colors are encoding as a triple (hue, saturation, lightness).
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Hue is represented as an angle of the color circle (i.e. the rainbow
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represented in a circle). This angle is so typically measured in degrees that the unit is implicit in CSS; syntactically, only a &lt;number&gt; is given.
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By definition red=0=360, and the other colors are spread around the
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<div class="example"><p style="display:none">Example(s):</p>
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<pre>
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* { color: hsl(0, 100%, 50%) } /* red */
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* { color: hsl(120, 100%, 50%) } /* lime */
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* { color: hsl(120, 100%, 25%) } /* dark green */
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* { color: hsl(120, 100%, 75%) } /* light green */
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* { color: hsl(120, 100%, 50%) } /* lime */
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* { color: hsl(120, 100%, 25%) } /* dark green */
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* { color: hsl(120, 100%, 75%) } /* light green */
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* { color: hsl(120, 75%, 75%) } /* pastel green, and so on */
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</pre>
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</div>
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<p>
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The advantage of HSL over RGB is that it is far more intuitive: you
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can guess at the colors you want, and then tweak. It is also easier to
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create sets of matching colors (by keeping the hue the same and
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create sets of matching colors (by keeping the hue the same and
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varying the lightness/darkness, and saturation)
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</p>
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values (H, S and L) have been normalized to fractions 0..1:
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</p>
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<pre class="code">
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HOW TO RETURN hsl.to.rgb(h, s, l):
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SELECT:
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HOW TO RETURN hsl.to.rgb(h, s, l):
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SELECT:
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l&lt;=0.5: PUT l*(s+1) IN m2
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ELSE: PUT l+s-l*s IN m2
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PUT l*2-m2 IN m1
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PUT hue.to.rgb(m1, m2, h-1/3) IN b
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RETURN (r, g, b)
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HOW TO RETURN hue.to.rgb(m1, m2, h):
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HOW TO RETURN hue.to.rgb(m1, m2, h):
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IF h&lt;0: PUT h+1 IN h
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IF h&gt;1: PUT h-1 IN h
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IF h*6&lt;1: RETURN m1+(m2-m1)*h*6
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<h3 id="currentcolor">''currentColor'' color keyword</h3>
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<p>CSS1 and CSS2 defined the initial value of
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<p>CSS1 and CSS2 defined the initial value of
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<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS1#border-color">the 'border-color' property</a> to be
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<q cite="https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS1#border-color">the value of the 'color' property</q> but did not define a corresponding keyword. This omission was recognized by SVG, and thus
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<q cite="https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS1#border-color">the value of the 'color' property</q> but did not define a corresponding keyword. This omission was recognized by SVG, and thus
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<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/color.html#ColorProperty">SVG 1.0 introduced the ''currentColor'' value</a>
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for the 'fill', 'stroke', 'stop-color', 'flood-color', and 'lighting-color' properties. CSS3 extends the color value to include the ''currentColor'' keyword to allow its use with all properties that accept a &lt;color&gt; value. This simplifies the definition of those properties in CSS3.
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</p>
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System Colors at all.</p>
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<p>The following lists additional values for color-related CSS
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values and their general meaning. Any color property
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values and their general meaning. Any color property
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can take one of the following names. Although these are case-insensitive, it is
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recommended that the mixed capitalization shown below be used, to
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make the names more legible.</p>
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<div class="example deprecated-example"><p style="display:none">DEPRECATED EXAMPLE(S):</p><p>
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For example, to set the foreground and background colors of a paragraph
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to the same foreground and background colors of the user's window,
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to the same foreground and background colors of the user's window,
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write the following:
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</p>
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<pre>
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p { color: WindowText; background-color: Window }
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</pre>
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</div>
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<p class="note"><strong>Note.</strong> The CSS2 System Color values have been deprecated in favor of the CSS3 UI '<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css3-ui/#appearance" class="index-inst">appearance</a>' property. If you want to emulate the look of a user interface related element or control, please use the 'appearance' property instead of attempting to mimic a user interface element through a combination of system colors.</p>
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<p class="note"><strong>Note.</strong> The CSS2 System Color values have been deprecated in favor of the CSS3 UI '<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css3-ui/#appearance" class="index-inst">appearance</a>' property. If you want to emulate the look of a user interface related element or control, please use the 'appearance' property instead of attempting to mimic a user interface element through a combination of system colors.</p>
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<h3 id="notes">Notes on using colors</h3>
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<p>Although colors can add significant amounts of information to
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document and make them more readable, please consider the
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document and make them more readable, please consider the
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W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines [[WCAG20]] when including color in your documents.
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</p>
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<ul>
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<p>This appendix is informative, not normative. This style sheet could be used by an implementation as part of its default styling of HTML4, XHTML1, XHTML1.1, XHTML Basic, and other XHTML Family documents.</p>
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<pre>
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html {
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html {
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color: black;
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background: white;
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}
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/* traditional desktop user agent colors for hyperlinks */
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:link { color: blue; }
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:link { color: blue; }
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:visited { color: purple; }
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/* default focus outline */
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<h2 id="profiles">Profiles</h2>
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<p>Each specification using <span class="modulename">CSS3 Color</span> must define the subset of
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<p>Each specification using <span class="modulename">CSS3 Color</span> must define the subset of
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CSS3 Color features it allows and excludes, and describe the local meaning of all the
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components of that subset.
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<p>Non normative examples:

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