diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 86b1535a..fdb75149 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -34,6 +34,11 @@ A CSS parser, transformer, and minifier written in Rust.
     - `hwb()` color syntax
     - Percent syntax for opacity
     - `#rgba` and `#rrggbbaa` hex colors
+  - Selectors
+    - `:not` with multiple arguments
+    - `:lang` with multiple arguments
+    - `:dir`
+    - `:is`
   - Double position gradient stops (e.g. `red 40% 80%`)
   - `clamp()` function
   - Alignment shorthands (e.g. `place-items`)
diff --git a/scripts/build-prefixes.js b/scripts/build-prefixes.js
index 33a80c0f..e48f4e3a 100644
--- a/scripts/build-prefixes.js
+++ b/scripts/build-prefixes.js
@@ -37,6 +37,27 @@ prefixes['clip-path'].browsers = prefixes['clip-path'].browsers.filter(b => {
   );
 });
 
+prefixes['any-pseudo'] = {
+  browsers: Object.entries(mdn.css.selectors.is.__compat.support)
+    .flatMap(([key, value]) => {
+      if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+        key = MDN_BROWSER_MAPPING[key] || key;
+        let any = value.find(v => v.alternative_name?.includes('-any'))?.version_added;
+        let supported = value.find(x => x.version_added && !x.alternative_name)?.version_added;
+        if (any && supported) {
+          let parts = supported.split('.');
+          parts[0]--;
+          supported = parts.join('.');
+          return [`${key} ${any}}`, `${key} ${supported}`];
+        }
+      }
+
+      return [];
+    })
+}
+
+console.log(prefixes['any-pseudo'])
+
 let flexSpec = {};
 let oldGradient = {};
 let p = new Map();
@@ -199,7 +220,23 @@ let mdnFeatures = {
   logicalTextAlign: mdn.css.properties['text-align']['flow_relative_values_start_and_end'].__compat.support,
   labColors: mdn.css.types.color.lab.__compat.support,
   oklabColors: {},
-  colorFunction: mdn.css.types.color.color.__compat.support
+  colorFunction: mdn.css.types.color.color.__compat.support,
+  anyPseudo: Object.fromEntries(
+    Object.entries(mdn.css.selectors.is.__compat.support)
+      .map(([key, value]) => {
+        if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+          value = value
+            .filter(v => v.alternative_name?.includes('-any'))
+            .map(({alternative_name, ...other}) => other);
+        }
+
+        if (value && value.length) {
+          return [key, value];
+        } else {
+          return [key, {version_added: false}];
+        }
+      })
+  )
 };
 
 for (let feature in mdnFeatures) {
@@ -239,6 +276,12 @@ addValue(compat, {
   ios_saf: parseVersion('10.3')
 }, 'p3Colors');
 
+addValue(compat, {
+  // https://github.com/WebKit/WebKit/commit/baed0d8b0abf366e1d9a6105dc378c59a5f21575
+  safari: parseVersion('10.1'),
+  ios_saf: parseVersion('10.3')
+}, 'langList');
+
 let prefixMapping = {
   webkit: 'WebKit',
   moz: 'Moz',
@@ -376,6 +419,7 @@ fs.writeFileSync('src/compat.rs', c);
 
 
 function parseVersion(version) {
+  version = version.replace('≤', '');
   let [major, minor = '0', patch = '0'] = version
     .split('-')[0]
     .split('.')
diff --git a/selectors/builder.rs b/selectors/builder.rs
index b428db6b..08cd9711 100644
--- a/selectors/builder.rs
+++ b/selectors/builder.rs
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ where
       | Component::NonTSPseudoClass(..) => {
         specificity.class_like_selectors += 1;
       }
-      Component::Negation(ref list) | Component::Is(ref list) => {
+      Component::Negation(ref list) | Component::Is(ref list) | Component::Any(_, ref list) => {
         // https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors/#specificity-rules:
         //
         //     The specificity of an :is() pseudo-class is replaced by the
diff --git a/selectors/matching.rs b/selectors/matching.rs
index ceb8cae9..e51e33a7 100644
--- a/selectors/matching.rs
+++ b/selectors/matching.rs
@@ -795,14 +795,16 @@ where
       matches_generic_nth_child(element, context, 0, 1, true, false, flags_setter)
         && matches_generic_nth_child(element, context, 0, 1, true, true, flags_setter)
     }
-    Component::Is(ref list) | Component::Where(ref list) => context.shared.nest(|context| {
-      for selector in &**list {
-        if matches_complex_selector(selector.iter(), element, context, flags_setter) {
-          return true;
+    Component::Is(ref list) | Component::Where(ref list) | Component::Any(_, ref list) => {
+      context.shared.nest(|context| {
+        for selector in &**list {
+          if matches_complex_selector(selector.iter(), element, context, flags_setter) {
+            return true;
+          }
         }
-      }
-      false
-    }),
+        false
+      })
+    }
     Component::Negation(ref list) => context.shared.nest_for_negation(|context| {
       for selector in &**list {
         if matches_complex_selector(selector.iter(), element, context, flags_setter) {
diff --git a/selectors/parser.rs b/selectors/parser.rs
index 59dcdbb6..1c2ed61b 100644
--- a/selectors/parser.rs
+++ b/selectors/parser.rs
@@ -223,6 +223,7 @@ macro_rules! with_all_bounds {
             /// non tree-structural pseudo-classes
             /// (see: https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors/#structural-pseudos)
             type NonTSPseudoClass: $($CommonBounds)* + NonTSPseudoClass<'i, Impl = Self>;
+            type VendorPrefix: Sized + Eq + Clone + ToCss;
 
             /// pseudo-elements
             type PseudoElement: $($CommonBounds)* + PseudoElement<'i, Impl = Self>;
@@ -274,8 +275,8 @@ pub trait Parser<'i> {
   }
 
   /// Whether the given function name is an alias for the `:is()` function.
-  fn is_is_alias(&self, _name: &str) -> bool {
-    false
+  fn parse_any_prefix(&self, _name: &str) -> Option<<Self::Impl as SelectorImpl<'i>>::VendorPrefix> {
+    None
   }
 
   /// Whether to parse the `:host` pseudo-class.
@@ -640,6 +641,16 @@ impl<'i, Impl: SelectorImpl<'i>> Selector<'i, Impl> {
     self.0.is_part()
   }
 
+  #[inline]
+  pub fn append(&mut self, component: Component<'i, Impl>) {
+    let index = self
+      .1
+      .iter()
+      .position(|c| matches!(*c, Component::Combinator(..) | Component::PseudoElement(..)))
+      .unwrap_or(self.1.len());
+    self.1.insert(index, component);
+  }
+
   #[inline]
   pub fn parts(&self) -> Option<&[Impl::Identifier]> {
     if !self.is_part() {
@@ -697,6 +708,13 @@ impl<'i, Impl: SelectorImpl<'i>> Selector<'i, Impl> {
     })
   }
 
+  #[inline]
+  pub fn has_combinator(&self) -> bool {
+    self
+      .iter_raw_match_order()
+      .any(|c| matches!(*c, Component::Combinator(combinator) if combinator.is_tree_combinator()))
+  }
+
   /// Returns an iterator over this selector in matching order (right-to-left).
   /// When a combinator is reached, the iterator will return None, and
   /// next_sequence() may be called to continue to the next sequence.
@@ -759,6 +777,11 @@ impl<'i, Impl: SelectorImpl<'i>> Selector<'i, Impl> {
     self.1.iter()
   }
 
+  #[inline]
+  pub fn iter_mut_raw_match_order(&mut self) -> slice::IterMut<Component<'i, Impl>> {
+    self.1.iter_mut()
+  }
+
   /// Returns the combinator at index `index` (zero-indexed from the left),
   /// or panics if the component is not a combinator.
   #[inline]
@@ -1032,6 +1055,14 @@ impl Combinator {
   pub fn is_sibling(&self) -> bool {
     matches!(*self, Combinator::NextSibling | Combinator::LaterSibling)
   }
+
+  #[inline]
+  pub fn is_tree_combinator(&self) -> bool {
+    matches!(
+      *self,
+      Combinator::Child | Combinator::Descendant | Combinator::NextSibling | Combinator::LaterSibling
+    )
+  }
 }
 
 /// A CSS simple selector or combinator. We store both in the same enum for
@@ -1122,6 +1153,7 @@ pub enum Component<'i, Impl: SelectorImpl<'i>> {
   ///
   /// Same comment as above re. the argument.
   Is(Box<[Selector<'i, Impl>]>),
+  Any(Impl::VendorPrefix, Box<[Selector<'i, Impl>]>),
   /// The `:has` pseudo-class.
   ///
   /// https://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#relational
@@ -1585,12 +1617,17 @@ impl<'i, Impl: SelectorImpl<'i>> ToCss for Component<'i, Impl> {
         write_affine(dest, a, b)?;
         dest.write_char(')')
       }
-      Is(ref list) | Where(ref list) | Negation(ref list) | Has(ref list) => {
+      Is(ref list) | Where(ref list) | Negation(ref list) | Has(ref list) | Any(_, ref list) => {
         match *self {
           Where(..) => dest.write_str(":where(")?,
           Is(..) => dest.write_str(":is(")?,
           Negation(..) => dest.write_str(":not(")?,
           Has(..) => dest.write_str(":has(")?,
+          Any(ref prefix, _) => {
+            dest.write_char(':')?;
+            prefix.to_css(dest)?;
+            dest.write_str("any(")?;
+          }
           _ => unreachable!(),
         }
         serialize_selector_list(list.iter(), dest)?;
@@ -2333,6 +2370,7 @@ where
   }
   Ok(Component::Has(inner.0.into_vec().into_boxed_slice()))
 }
+
 fn parse_functional_pseudo_class<'i, 't, P, Impl>(
   parser: &P,
   input: &mut CssParser<'i, 't>,
@@ -2363,8 +2401,8 @@ where
       _ => {}
   }
 
-  if parser.parse_is_and_where() && parser.is_is_alias(&name) {
-    return parse_is_or_where(parser, input, state, Component::Is);
+  if let Some(prefix) = parser.parse_any_prefix(&name) {
+    return parse_is_or_where(parser, input, state, |selectors| Component::Any(prefix, selectors));
   }
 
   if !state.allows_custom_functional_pseudo_classes() {
@@ -2679,6 +2717,7 @@ pub mod tests {
     type BorrowedNamespaceUrl = DummyAtom;
     type NonTSPseudoClass = PseudoClass;
     type PseudoElement = PseudoElement;
+    type VendorPrefix = u8;
   }
 
   #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
diff --git a/src/compat.rs b/src/compat.rs
index 4ceff057..0944e0cb 100644
--- a/src/compat.rs
+++ b/src/compat.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use crate::targets::Browsers;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
 pub enum Feature {
+  AnyPseudo,
   Clamp,
   ColorFunction,
   CssAnyLink,
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ pub enum Feature {
   FormValidation,
   Fullscreen,
   LabColors,
+  LangList,
   LogicalBorderRadius,
   LogicalBorders,
   LogicalInset,
@@ -1745,7 +1747,52 @@ impl Feature {
           return false;
         }
       }
-      Feature::P3Colors => {
+      Feature::AnyPseudo => {
+        if let Some(version) = browsers.chrome {
+          if version < 1179648 {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+        if let Some(version) = browsers.edge {
+          if version < 5177344 {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+        if let Some(version) = browsers.firefox {
+          if version < 262144 {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+        if let Some(version) = browsers.opera {
+          if version < 917504 {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+        if let Some(version) = browsers.safari {
+          if version < 327680 {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+        if let Some(version) = browsers.ios_saf {
+          if version < 327680 {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+        if let Some(version) = browsers.samsung {
+          if version < 65536 {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+        if let Some(version) = browsers.android {
+          if version < 2424832 {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+        if browsers.ie.is_some() {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      Feature::P3Colors | Feature::LangList => {
         if let Some(version) = browsers.safari {
           if version < 655616 {
             return false;
diff --git a/src/context.rs b/src/context.rs
index e4ca8f05..21970490 100644
--- a/src/context.rs
+++ b/src/context.rs
@@ -1,22 +1,13 @@
 use crate::compat::Feature;
-use crate::declaration::{DeclarationBlock, DeclarationList};
-use crate::logical::LogicalProperty;
+use crate::declaration::DeclarationBlock;
 use crate::properties::custom::UnparsedProperty;
-use crate::properties::{
-  custom::{CustomProperty, Token, TokenList},
-  Property, PropertyId,
-};
+use crate::properties::Property;
 use crate::rules::supports::{SupportsCondition, SupportsRule};
-use crate::rules::Location;
 use crate::rules::{style::StyleRule, CssRule, CssRuleList};
-use crate::selector::{SelectorIdent, SelectorString};
+use crate::selector::{Direction, PseudoClass};
 use crate::targets::Browsers;
 use crate::vendor_prefix::VendorPrefix;
-use parcel_selectors::SelectorList;
-use parcel_selectors::{
-  attr::{AttrSelectorOperator, ParsedCaseSensitivity},
-  parser::{Component, Selector},
-};
+use parcel_selectors::parser::Component;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct SupportsEntry<'i> {
@@ -36,9 +27,10 @@ pub(crate) enum DeclarationContext {
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct PropertyHandlerContext<'i> {
   pub targets: Option<Browsers>,
-  pub used_logical: bool,
   pub is_important: bool,
   supports: Vec<SupportsEntry<'i>>,
+  ltr: Vec<Property<'i>>,
+  rtl: Vec<Property<'i>>,
   pub context: DeclarationContext,
 }
 
@@ -46,9 +38,10 @@ impl<'i> PropertyHandlerContext<'i> {
   pub fn new(targets: Option<Browsers>) -> Self {
     PropertyHandlerContext {
       targets,
-      used_logical: false,
       is_important: false,
       supports: Vec::new(),
+      ltr: Vec::new(),
+      rtl: Vec::new(),
       context: DeclarationContext::None,
     }
   }
@@ -67,85 +60,46 @@ impl<'i> PropertyHandlerContext<'i> {
     }
   }
 
-  pub fn add_logical_property(
-    &mut self,
-    dest: &mut DeclarationList<'i>,
-    property_id: PropertyId<'i>,
-    ltr: Property<'i>,
-    rtl: Property<'i>,
-  ) {
-    self.used_logical = true;
-    dest.push(Property::Logical(LogicalProperty {
-      property_id,
-      ltr: Some(Box::new(ltr)),
-      rtl: Some(Box::new(rtl)),
-    }));
+  pub fn add_logical_rule(&mut self, ltr: Property<'i>, rtl: Property<'i>) {
+    self.ltr.push(ltr);
+    self.rtl.push(rtl);
   }
 
-  pub fn add_inline_logical_properties(
-    &mut self,
-    dest: &mut DeclarationList<'i>,
-    left: PropertyId<'i>,
-    right: PropertyId<'i>,
-    start: Option<Property<'i>>,
-    end: Option<Property<'i>>,
-  ) {
-    self.used_logical = true;
-    dest.push(Property::Logical(LogicalProperty {
-      property_id: left,
-      ltr: start.clone().map(|v| Box::new(v)),
-      rtl: end.clone().map(|v| Box::new(v)),
-    }));
-
-    dest.push(Property::Logical(LogicalProperty {
-      property_id: right,
-      ltr: end.map(|v| Box::new(v)),
-      rtl: start.map(|v| Box::new(v)),
-    }));
-  }
+  pub fn get_logical_rules(&mut self, style_rule: &StyleRule<'i>) -> Vec<CssRule<'i>> {
+    // TODO: :dir/:lang raises the specificity of the selector. Use :where to lower it?
+    let mut dest = Vec::new();
 
-  pub fn add_logical_rules(&mut self, dest: &mut CssRuleList) {
-    // Generate rules for [dir="ltr"] and [dir="rtl"] to define --ltr and --rtl vars.
-    macro_rules! style_rule {
-      ($dir: ident, $ltr: expr, $rtl: expr) => {
-        dest.0.push(CssRule::Style(StyleRule {
-          selectors: SelectorList(smallvec::smallvec![Selector::from_vec2(vec![
-            Component::AttributeInNoNamespace {
-              local_name: SelectorIdent("dir".into()),
-              operator: AttrSelectorOperator::Equal,
-              value: SelectorString(stringify!($dir).into()),
-              case_sensitivity: ParsedCaseSensitivity::CaseSensitive,
-              never_matches: false
-            }
-          ])]),
-          rules: CssRuleList(vec![]),
-          vendor_prefix: VendorPrefix::empty(),
+    macro_rules! rule {
+      ($dir: ident, $decls: ident) => {
+        let mut selectors = style_rule.selectors.clone();
+        for selector in &mut selectors.0 {
+          selector.append(Component::NonTSPseudoClass(PseudoClass::Dir(Direction::$dir)));
+        }
+
+        let rule = StyleRule {
+          selectors,
+          vendor_prefix: VendorPrefix::None,
           declarations: DeclarationBlock {
+            declarations: std::mem::take(&mut self.$decls),
             important_declarations: vec![],
-            declarations: vec![
-              Property::Custom(CustomProperty {
-                name: "--ltr".into(),
-                value: TokenList(vec![$ltr.into()]),
-              }),
-              Property::Custom(CustomProperty {
-                name: "--rtl".into(),
-                value: TokenList(vec![$rtl.into()]),
-              }),
-            ],
-          },
-          loc: Location {
-            source_index: 0,
-            line: 0,
-            column: 1,
           },
-        }));
+          rules: CssRuleList(vec![]),
+          loc: style_rule.loc.clone(),
+        };
+
+        dest.push(CssRule::Style(rule));
       };
     }
 
-    if self.used_logical {
-      style_rule!(ltr, Token::Ident("initial".into()), Token::WhiteSpace(" "));
-      style_rule!(rtl, Token::WhiteSpace(" "), Token::Ident("initial".into()));
+    if !self.ltr.is_empty() {
+      rule!(Ltr, ltr);
+    }
+
+    if !self.rtl.is_empty() {
+      rule!(Rtl, rtl);
     }
+
+    dest
   }
 
   pub fn add_conditional_property(&mut self, condition: SupportsCondition<'i>, property: Property<'i>) {
diff --git a/src/declaration.rs b/src/declaration.rs
index fc17c210..d551da95 100644
--- a/src/declaration.rs
+++ b/src/declaration.rs
@@ -125,6 +125,10 @@ impl<'i> DeclarationBlock<'i> {
     self.important_declarations = std::mem::take(&mut important_handler.decls);
     self.declarations = std::mem::take(&mut handler.decls);
   }
+
+  pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+    return self.declarations.is_empty() && self.important_declarations.is_empty();
+  }
 }
 
 struct PropertyDeclarationParser<'a, 'i> {
@@ -192,10 +196,10 @@ pub(crate) struct DeclarationHandler<'i> {
   grid: GridHandler<'i>,
   align: AlignHandler,
   size: SizeHandler,
-  margin: MarginHandler,
-  padding: PaddingHandler,
-  scroll_margin: ScrollMarginHandler,
-  scroll_padding: ScrollPaddingHandler,
+  margin: MarginHandler<'i>,
+  padding: PaddingHandler<'i>,
+  scroll_margin: ScrollMarginHandler<'i>,
+  scroll_padding: ScrollPaddingHandler<'i>,
   font: FontHandler<'i>,
   text: TextDecorationHandler<'i>,
   list: ListStyleHandler<'i>,
@@ -203,7 +207,7 @@ pub(crate) struct DeclarationHandler<'i> {
   animation: AnimationHandler<'i>,
   display: DisplayHandler<'i>,
   position: PositionHandler,
-  inset: InsetHandler,
+  inset: InsetHandler<'i>,
   overflow: OverflowHandler,
   transform: TransformHandler,
   box_shadow: BoxShadowHandler,
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
index 28fa8f04..1b765b8e 100644
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -863,19 +863,16 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        border-left: var(--ltr, 2px solid red);
-        border-right: var(--rtl, 2px solid red);
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        border-left: 2px solid red;
       }
 
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
+      .foo:-webkit-any(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-right: 2px solid red;
       }
 
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-right: 2px solid red;
       }
     "#
       },
@@ -892,19 +889,16 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        border-left-width: var(--ltr, 2px);
-        border-right-width: var(--rtl, 2px);
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        border-left-width: 2px;
       }
 
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
+      .foo:-webkit-any(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-right-width: 2px;
       }
 
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-right-width: 2px;
       }
     "#
       },
@@ -921,19 +915,16 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        border-right: var(--ltr, 2px solid red);
-        border-left: var(--rtl, 2px solid red);
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        border-right: 2px solid red;
       }
 
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
+      .foo:-webkit-any(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-left: 2px solid red;
       }
 
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-left: 2px solid red;
       }
     "#
       },
@@ -951,19 +942,19 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        border-left: var(--ltr, 2px solid red) var(--rtl, 5px solid green);
-        border-right: var(--ltr, 5px solid green) var(--rtl, 2px solid red);
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        border-left: 2px solid red;
+        border-right: 5px solid green;
       }
 
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
+      .foo:-webkit-any(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-left: 5px solid green;
+        border-right: 2px solid red;
       }
 
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-left: 5px solid green;
+        border-right: 2px solid red;
       }
     "#
       },
@@ -986,24 +977,34 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        border-left: var(--ltr, 2px solid red) var(--rtl, 5px solid green);
-        border-right: var(--ltr, 5px solid green) var(--rtl, 2px solid red);
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        border-left: 2px solid red;
+        border-right: 5px solid green;
       }
 
-      .bar {
-        border-left: var(--ltr, 1px dotted gray) var(--rtl, 1px solid #000);
-        border-right: var(--ltr, 1px solid #000) var(--rtl, 1px dotted gray);
+      .foo:-webkit-any(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-left: 5px solid green;
+        border-right: 2px solid red;
+      }
+
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-left: 5px solid green;
+        border-right: 2px solid red;
+      }
+
+      .bar:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        border-left: 1px dotted gray;
+        border-right: 1px solid #000;
       }
 
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
+      .bar:-webkit-any(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-left: 1px solid #000;
+        border-right: 1px dotted gray;
       }
 
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      .bar:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-left: 1px solid #000;
+        border-right: 1px dotted gray;
       }
     "#
       },
@@ -1020,19 +1021,16 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        border-right: var(--ltr, var(--test));
-        border-left: var(--rtl, var(--test));
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        border-right: var(--test);
       }
 
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
+      .foo:-webkit-any(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-left: var(--test);
       }
 
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-left: var(--test);
       }
     "#
       },
@@ -1050,19 +1048,19 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        border-left: var(--ltr, var(--start)) var(--rtl, var(--end));
-        border-right: var(--ltr, var(--end)) var(--rtl, var(--start));
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        border-left: var(--start);
+        border-right: var(--end);
       }
 
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
+      .foo:-webkit-any(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-right: var(--start);
+        border-left: var(--end);
       }
 
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-right: var(--start);
+        border-left: var(--end);
       }
     "#
       },
@@ -1198,26 +1196,19 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        border-left-color: var(--ltr, #b32323);
-        border-right-color: var(--rtl, #b32323);
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        border-left-color: #b32323;
+        border-left-color: lab(40% 56.6 39);
       }
 
-      @supports (color: lab(0% 0 0)) {
-        .foo {
-          border-left-color: var(--ltr, lab(40% 56.6 39));
-          border-right-color: var(--rtl, lab(40% 56.6 39));
-        }
+      .foo:-webkit-any(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-right-color: #b32323;
+        border-right-color: lab(40% 56.6 39);
       }
-
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
-      }
-
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-right-color: #b32323;
+        border-right-color: lab(40% 56.6 39);
       }
     "#},
       Browsers {
@@ -1233,26 +1224,19 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        border-right-color: var(--ltr, #b32323);
-        border-left-color: var(--rtl, #b32323);
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        border-right-color: #b32323;
+        border-right-color: lab(40% 56.6 39);
       }
 
-      @supports (color: lab(0% 0 0)) {
-        .foo {
-          border-left-color: var(--rtl, lab(40% 56.6 39));
-          border-right-color: var(--ltr, lab(40% 56.6 39));
-        }
+      .foo:-webkit-any(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-left-color: #b32323;
+        border-left-color: lab(40% 56.6 39);
       }
-
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
-      }
-
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-left-color: #b32323;
+        border-left-color: lab(40% 56.6 39);
       }
     "#},
       Browsers {
@@ -1269,26 +1253,25 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        border-left-color: var(--ltr, #b32323) var(--rtl, #ee00be);
-        border-right-color: var(--ltr, #ee00be) var(--rtl, #b32323);
-      }
-
-      @supports (color: lab(0% 0 0)) {
-        .foo {
-          border-left-color: var(--ltr, lab(40% 56.6 39)) var(--rtl, lab(50.998% 125.506 -50.7078));
-          border-right-color: var(--ltr, lab(50.998% 125.506 -50.7078)) var(--rtl, lab(40% 56.6 39));
-        }
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        border-left-color: #b32323;
+        border-left-color: lab(40% 56.6 39);
+        border-right-color: #ee00be;
+        border-right-color: lch(50.998% 135.363 338);
       }
 
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
+      .foo:-webkit-any(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-left-color: #ee00be;
+        border-left-color: lch(50.998% 135.363 338);
+        border-right-color: #b32323;
+        border-right-color: lab(40% 56.6 39);
       }
-
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-left-color: #ee00be;
+        border-left-color: lch(50.998% 135.363 338);
+        border-right-color: #b32323;
+        border-right-color: lab(40% 56.6 39);
       }
     "#},
       Browsers {
@@ -1305,33 +1288,22 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        border-left-color: var(--ltr, #b32323) var(--rtl, #ee00be);
-        border-right-color: var(--ltr, #ee00be) var(--rtl, #b32323);
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        border-left-color: #b32323;
+        border-left-color: color(display-p3 .643308 .192455 .167712);
+        border-left-color: lab(40% 56.6 39);
+        border-right-color: #ee00be;
+        border-right-color: color(display-p3 .972962 -.362078 .804206);
+        border-right-color: lch(50.998% 135.363 338);
       }
-
-      @supports (color: color(display-p3 0 0 0)) {
-        .foo {
-          border-left-color: var(--ltr, color(display-p3 .643308 .192455 .167712)) var(--rtl, color(display-p3 .972962 -.362078 .804206));
-          border-right-color: var(--ltr, color(display-p3 .972962 -.362078 .804206)) var(--rtl, color(display-p3 .643308 .192455 .167712));
-        }
-      }
-
-      @supports (color: lab(0% 0 0)) {
-        .foo {
-          border-left-color: var(--ltr, lab(40% 56.6 39)) var(--rtl, lab(50.998% 125.506 -50.7078));
-          border-right-color: var(--ltr, lab(50.998% 125.506 -50.7078)) var(--rtl, lab(40% 56.6 39));
-        }
-      }
-
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
-      }
-
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-left-color: #ee00be;
+        border-left-color: color(display-p3 .972962 -.362078 .804206);
+        border-left-color: lch(50.998% 135.363 338);
+        border-right-color: #b32323;
+        border-right-color: color(display-p3 .643308 .192455 .167712);
+        border-right-color: lab(40% 56.6 39);
       }
     "#},
       Browsers {
@@ -1348,26 +1320,19 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        border-left: var(--ltr, 2px solid #b32323);
-        border-right: var(--rtl, 2px solid #b32323);
-      }
-
-      @supports (color: lab(0% 0 0)) {
-        .foo {
-          border-left: var(--ltr, 2px solid lab(40% 56.6 39));
-          border-right: var(--rtl, 2px solid lab(40% 56.6 39));
-        }
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        border-left: 2px solid #b32323;
+        border-left: 2px solid lab(40% 56.6 39);
       }
 
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
+      .foo:-webkit-any(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-right: 2px solid #b32323;
+        border-right: 2px solid lab(40% 56.6 39);
       }
-
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-right: 2px solid #b32323;
+        border-right: 2px solid lab(40% 56.6 39);
       }
     "#},
       Browsers {
@@ -1383,26 +1348,19 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        border-right: var(--ltr, 2px solid #b32323);
-        border-left: var(--rtl, 2px solid #b32323);
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        border-right: 2px solid #b32323;
+        border-right: 2px solid lab(40% 56.6 39);
       }
 
-      @supports (color: lab(0% 0 0)) {
-        .foo {
-          border-left: var(--rtl, 2px solid lab(40% 56.6 39));
-          border-right: var(--ltr, 2px solid lab(40% 56.6 39));
-        }
-      }
-
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
+      .foo:-webkit-any(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-left: 2px solid #b32323;
+        border-left: 2px solid lab(40% 56.6 39);
       }
-
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-left: 2px solid #b32323;
+        border-left: 2px solid lab(40% 56.6 39);
       }
     "#},
       Browsers {
@@ -1418,26 +1376,28 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        border-right: var(--ltr, var(--border-width) solid #b32323);
-        border-left: var(--rtl, var(--border-width) solid #b32323);
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        border-right: var(--border-width) solid #b32323;
       }
 
       @supports (color: lab(0% 0 0)) {
-        .foo {
-          border-left: var(--rtl, var(--border-width) solid lab(40% 56.6 39));
-          border-right: var(--ltr, var(--border-width) solid lab(40% 56.6 39));
+        .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+          border-right: var(--border-width) solid lab(40% 56.6 39);
         }
       }
 
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
+      .foo:-webkit-any(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-left: var(--border-width) solid #b32323;
+      }
+      
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        border-left: var(--border-width) solid #b32323;
       }
 
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      @supports (color: lab(0% 0 0)) {
+        .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+          border-left: var(--border-width) solid lab(40% 56.6 39);
+        }
       }
     "#},
       Browsers {
@@ -2130,19 +2090,12 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        border-top-left-radius: var(--ltr, 5px);
-        border-top-right-radius: var(--rtl, 5px);
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae, ar, arc, bcc, bqi, ckb, dv, fa, glk, he, ku, mzn, nqo, pnb, ps, sd, ug, ur, yi)) {
+        border-top-left-radius: 5px;
       }
 
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
-      }
-
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      .foo:lang(ae, ar, arc, bcc, bqi, ckb, dv, fa, glk, he, ku, mzn, nqo, pnb, ps, sd, ug, ur, yi) {
+        border-top-right-radius: 5px;
       }
     "#
       },
@@ -2160,19 +2113,14 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        border-top-left-radius: var(--ltr, 5px) var(--rtl, 10px);
-        border-top-right-radius: var(--ltr, 10px) var(--rtl, 5px);
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae, ar, arc, bcc, bqi, ckb, dv, fa, glk, he, ku, mzn, nqo, pnb, ps, sd, ug, ur, yi)) {
+        border-top-left-radius: 5px;
+        border-top-right-radius: 10px;
       }
 
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
-      }
-
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      .foo:lang(ae, ar, arc, bcc, bqi, ckb, dv, fa, glk, he, ku, mzn, nqo, pnb, ps, sd, ug, ur, yi) {
+        border-top-left-radius: 10px;
+        border-top-right-radius: 5px;
       }
     "#
       },
@@ -2190,19 +2138,14 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        border-bottom-left-radius: var(--ltr, 5px) var(--rtl, 10px);
-        border-bottom-right-radius: var(--ltr, 10px) var(--rtl, 5px);
-      }
-
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae, ar, arc, bcc, bqi, ckb, dv, fa, glk, he, ku, mzn, nqo, pnb, ps, sd, ug, ur, yi)) {
+        border-bottom-left-radius: 5px;
+        border-bottom-right-radius: 10px;
       }
 
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      .foo:lang(ae, ar, arc, bcc, bqi, ckb, dv, fa, glk, he, ku, mzn, nqo, pnb, ps, sd, ug, ur, yi) {
+        border-bottom-left-radius: 10px;
+        border-bottom-right-radius: 5px;
       }
     "#
       },
@@ -2219,19 +2162,12 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        border-top-left-radius: var(--ltr, var(--radius));
-        border-top-right-radius: var(--rtl, var(--radius));
-      }
-
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae, ar, arc, bcc, bqi, ckb, dv, fa, glk, he, ku, mzn, nqo, pnb, ps, sd, ug, ur, yi)) {
+        border-top-left-radius: var(--radius);
       }
 
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      .foo:lang(ae, ar, arc, bcc, bqi, ckb, dv, fa, glk, he, ku, mzn, nqo, pnb, ps, sd, ug, ur, yi) {
+        border-top-right-radius: var(--radius);
       }
     "#
       },
@@ -2249,19 +2185,14 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        border-top-left-radius: var(--ltr, var(--start)) var(--rtl, var(--end));
-        border-top-right-radius: var(--ltr, var(--end)) var(--rtl, var(--start));
-      }
-
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae, ar, arc, bcc, bqi, ckb, dv, fa, glk, he, ku, mzn, nqo, pnb, ps, sd, ug, ur, yi)) {
+        border-top-left-radius: var(--start);
+        border-top-right-radius: var(--end);
       }
 
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      .foo:lang(ae, ar, arc, bcc, bqi, ckb, dv, fa, glk, he, ku, mzn, nqo, pnb, ps, sd, ug, ur, yi) {
+        border-top-right-radius: var(--start);
+        border-top-left-radius: var(--end);
       }
     "#
       },
@@ -2479,19 +2410,16 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        margin-left: var(--ltr, 2px);
-        margin-right: var(--rtl, 2px);
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        margin-left: 2px;
       }
 
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
+      .foo:-webkit-any(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        margin-right: 2px;
       }
 
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        margin-right: 2px;
       }
     "#
       },
@@ -2509,19 +2437,19 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        margin-left: var(--ltr, 2px) var(--rtl, 4px);
-        margin-right: var(--ltr, 4px) var(--rtl, 2px);
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        margin-left: 2px;
+        margin-right: 4px;
       }
 
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
+      .foo:-webkit-any(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        margin-left: 4px;
+        margin-right: 2px;
       }
 
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        margin-left: 4px;
+        margin-right: 2px;
       }
     "#
       },
@@ -2652,19 +2580,16 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        padding-left: var(--ltr, 2px);
-        padding-right: var(--rtl, 2px);
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        padding-left: 2px;
       }
 
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
+      .foo:-webkit-any(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        padding-right: 2px;
       }
 
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        padding-right: 2px;
       }
     "#
       },
@@ -2682,19 +2607,45 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        padding-left: 2px;
+        padding-right: 4px;
+      }
+
+      .foo:-webkit-any(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        padding-left: 4px;
+        padding-right: 2px;
+      }
+
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        padding-left: 4px;
+        padding-right: 2px;
+      }
+    "#
+      },
+      Browsers {
+        safari: Some(8 << 16),
+        ..Browsers::default()
+      },
+    );
+
+    prefix_test(
+      r#"
       .foo {
-        padding-left: var(--ltr, 2px) var(--rtl, 4px);
-        padding-right: var(--ltr, 4px) var(--rtl, 2px);
+        padding-inline-start: var(--padding);
+      }
+    "#,
+      indoc! {r#"
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        padding-left: var(--padding);
       }
 
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
+      .foo:-webkit-any(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        padding-right: var(--padding);
       }
 
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        padding-right: var(--padding);
       }
     "#
       },
@@ -4554,38 +4505,53 @@ mod tests {
 
   #[test]
   fn test_selectors() {
-    minify_test("[foo=\"baz\"] {}", "[foo=baz]{}");
-    minify_test("[foo=\"foo bar\"] {}", "[foo=foo\\ bar]{}");
-    minify_test("[foo=\"foo bar baz\"] {}", "[foo=\"foo bar baz\"]{}");
-    minify_test("[foo=\"\"] {}", "[foo=\"\"]{}");
-    minify_test(".test:not([foo=\"bar\"]) {}", ".test:not([foo=bar]){}");
-    minify_test(".test + .foo {}", ".test+.foo{}");
-    minify_test(".test ~ .foo {}", ".test~.foo{}");
-    minify_test(".test .foo {}", ".test .foo{}");
-    minify_test(
-      ".custom-range::-webkit-slider-thumb:active {}",
-      ".custom-range::-webkit-slider-thumb:active{}",
-    );
-    minify_test(".test:not(.foo, .bar) {}", ".test:not(.foo,.bar){}");
-    minify_test(".test:is(.foo, .bar) {}", ".test:is(.foo,.bar){}");
-    minify_test(".test:where(.foo, .bar) {}", ".test:where(.foo,.bar){}");
-    minify_test(".test:where(.foo, .bar) {}", ".test:where(.foo,.bar){}");
-    minify_test(":host {}", ":host{}");
-    minify_test(":host(.foo) {}", ":host(.foo){}");
-    minify_test("::slotted(span) {}", "::slotted(span){}");
-    minify_test("custom-element::part(foo) {}", "custom-element::part(foo){}");
+    minify_test("[foo=\"baz\"] {color:red}", "[foo=baz]{color:red}");
+    minify_test("[foo=\"foo bar\"] {color:red}", "[foo=foo\\ bar]{color:red}");
+    minify_test("[foo=\"foo bar baz\"] {color:red}", "[foo=\"foo bar baz\"]{color:red}");
+    minify_test("[foo=\"\"] {color:red}", "[foo=\"\"]{color:red}");
+    minify_test(
+      ".test:not([foo=\"bar\"]) {color:red}",
+      ".test:not([foo=bar]){color:red}",
+    );
+    minify_test(".test + .foo {color:red}", ".test+.foo{color:red}");
+    minify_test(".test ~ .foo {color:red}", ".test~.foo{color:red}");
+    minify_test(".test .foo {color:red}", ".test .foo{color:red}");
+    minify_test(
+      ".custom-range::-webkit-slider-thumb:active {color:red}",
+      ".custom-range::-webkit-slider-thumb:active{color:red}",
+    );
+    minify_test(".test:not(.foo, .bar) {color:red}", ".test:not(.foo,.bar){color:red}");
+    minify_test(".test:is(.foo, .bar) {color:red}", ".test:is(.foo,.bar){color:red}");
+    minify_test(
+      ".test:where(.foo, .bar) {color:red}",
+      ".test:where(.foo,.bar){color:red}",
+    );
+    minify_test(
+      ".test:where(.foo, .bar) {color:red}",
+      ".test:where(.foo,.bar){color:red}",
+    );
+    minify_test(":host {color:red}", ":host{color:red}");
+    minify_test(":host(.foo) {color:red}", ":host(.foo){color:red}");
+    minify_test("::slotted(span) {color:red", "::slotted(span){color:red}");
+    minify_test(
+      "custom-element::part(foo) {color:red}",
+      "custom-element::part(foo){color:red}",
+    );
     minify_test(".sm\\:text-5xl { font-size: 3rem }", ".sm\\:text-5xl{font-size:3rem}");
-    minify_test("a:has(> img) {}", "a:has(>img){}");
-    minify_test("dt:has(+ dt) {}", "dt:has(+dt){}");
+    minify_test("a:has(> img) {color:red}", "a:has(>img){color:red}");
+    minify_test("dt:has(+ dt) {color:red}", "dt:has(+dt){color:red}");
+    minify_test(
+      "section:not(:has(h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6)) {color:red}",
+      "section:not(:has(h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6)){color:red}",
+    );
     minify_test(
-      "section:not(:has(h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6)) {}",
-      "section:not(:has(h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6)){}",
+      ":has(.sibling ~ .target) {color:red}",
+      ":has(.sibling~.target){color:red}",
     );
-    minify_test(":has(.sibling ~ .target) {}", ":has(.sibling~.target){}");
-    minify_test(".x:has(> .a > .b) {}", ".x:has(>.a>.b){}");
-    minify_test(".x:has(.bar, #foo) {}", ".x:has(.bar,#foo){}");
-    minify_test(".x:has(span + span) {}", ".x:has(span+span){}");
-    minify_test("a:has(:visited) {}", "a:has(:visited){}");
+    minify_test(".x:has(> .a > .b) {color:red}", ".x:has(>.a>.b){color:red}");
+    minify_test(".x:has(.bar, #foo) {color:red}", ".x:has(.bar,#foo){color:red}");
+    minify_test(".x:has(span + span) {color:red}", ".x:has(span+span){color:red}");
+    minify_test("a:has(:visited) {color:red}", "a:has(:visited){color:red}");
     for element in [
       "-webkit-scrollbar",
       "-webkit-scrollbar-button",
@@ -4609,8 +4575,8 @@ mod tests {
         "window-inactive",
       ] {
         minify_test(
-          &format!("::{}:{} {{}}", element, class),
-          &format!("::{}:{}{{}}", element, class),
+          &format!("::{}:{} {{color:red}}", element, class),
+          &format!("::{}:{}{{color:red}}", element, class),
         );
       }
     }
@@ -4628,7 +4594,7 @@ mod tests {
       "window-inactive",
     ] {
       error_test(
-        &format!(":{} {{}}", class),
+        &format!(":{} {{color:red}}", class),
         ParserError::SelectorError(SelectorError::InvalidPseudoClassBeforeWebKitScrollbar),
       );
     }
@@ -4642,21 +4608,25 @@ mod tests {
       "-webkit-resizer",
     ] {
       error_test(
-        &format!("::{}:hover {{}}", element),
+        &format!("::{}:hover {{color:red}}", element),
         ParserError::SelectorError(SelectorError::InvalidPseudoClassAfterWebKitScrollbar),
       );
     }
 
     error_test(
-      "a::first-letter:last-child {}",
+      "a::first-letter:last-child {color:red}",
       ParserError::SelectorError(SelectorError::InvalidPseudoClassAfterPseudoElement),
     );
-    minify_test("a:last-child::first-letter {}", "a:last-child:first-letter{}");
+    minify_test(
+      "a:last-child::first-letter {color:red}",
+      "a:last-child:first-letter{color:red}",
+    );
 
     prefix_test(
-      ".test:not(.foo, .bar) {}",
+      ".test:not(.foo, .bar) {color:red}",
       indoc! {r#"
       .test:not(.foo):not(.bar) {
+        color: red;
       }
       "#},
       Browsers {
@@ -4665,9 +4635,10 @@ mod tests {
       },
     );
     prefix_test(
-      ".test:not(.foo, .bar) {}",
+      ".test:not(.foo, .bar) {color:red}",
       indoc! {r#"
       .test:not(.foo, .bar) {
+        color: red;
       }
       "#},
       Browsers {
@@ -4675,6 +4646,190 @@ mod tests {
         ..Browsers::default()
       },
     );
+
+    minify_test("a:lang(en) {color:red}", "a:lang(en){color:red}");
+    minify_test("a:lang(en, fr) {color:red}", "a:lang(en,fr){color:red}");
+    minify_test("a:lang('en') {color:red}", "a:lang(en){color:red}");
+    minify_test(
+      "a:-webkit-any(.foo, .bar) {color:red}",
+      "a:-webkit-any(.foo,.bar){color:red}",
+    );
+    minify_test("a:-moz-any(.foo, .bar) {color:red}", "a:-moz-any(.foo,.bar){color:red}");
+
+    prefix_test(
+      "a:is(.foo, .bar) {color:red}",
+      indoc! {r#"
+      a:-webkit-any(.foo, .bar) {
+        color: red;
+      }
+
+      a:-moz-any(.foo, .bar) {
+        color: red;
+      }
+
+      a:is(.foo, .bar) {
+        color: red;
+      }
+      "#},
+      Browsers {
+        safari: Some(11 << 16),
+        firefox: Some(50 << 16),
+        ..Browsers::default()
+      },
+    );
+
+    prefix_test(
+      "a:is(.foo > .bar) {color:red}",
+      indoc! {r#"
+      a:is(.foo > .bar) {
+        color: red;
+      }
+      "#},
+      Browsers {
+        safari: Some(11 << 16),
+        firefox: Some(50 << 16),
+        ..Browsers::default()
+      },
+    );
+
+    prefix_test(
+      "a:lang(en, fr) {color:red}",
+      indoc! {r#"
+      a:-webkit-any(:lang(en), :lang(fr)) {
+        color: red;
+      }
+
+      a:-moz-any(:lang(en), :lang(fr)) {
+        color: red;
+      }
+
+      a:is(:lang(en), :lang(fr)) {
+        color: red;
+      }
+      "#},
+      Browsers {
+        safari: Some(11 << 16),
+        firefox: Some(50 << 16),
+        ..Browsers::default()
+      },
+    );
+
+    prefix_test(
+      "a:lang(en, fr) {color:red}",
+      indoc! {r#"
+      a:is(:lang(en), :lang(fr)) {
+        color: red;
+      }
+      "#},
+      Browsers {
+        safari: Some(14 << 16),
+        firefox: Some(88 << 16),
+        ..Browsers::default()
+      },
+    );
+
+    prefix_test(
+      "a:lang(en, fr) {color:red}",
+      indoc! {r#"
+      a:lang(en, fr) {
+        color: red;
+      }
+      "#},
+      Browsers {
+        safari: Some(14 << 16),
+        ..Browsers::default()
+      },
+    );
+
+    prefix_test(
+      "a:dir(rtl) {color:red}",
+      indoc! {r#"
+      a:-webkit-any(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        color: red;
+      }
+
+      a:-moz-any(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        color: red;
+      }
+
+      a:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        color: red;
+      }
+      "#},
+      Browsers {
+        safari: Some(11 << 16),
+        firefox: Some(50 << 16),
+        ..Browsers::default()
+      },
+    );
+
+    prefix_test(
+      "a:dir(ltr) {color:red}",
+      indoc! {r#"
+      a:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        color: red;
+      }
+      "#},
+      Browsers {
+        safari: Some(11 << 16),
+        firefox: Some(50 << 16),
+        ..Browsers::default()
+      },
+    );
+
+    prefix_test(
+      "a:dir(rtl) {color:red}",
+      indoc! {r#"
+      a:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        color: red;
+      }
+      "#},
+      Browsers {
+        safari: Some(14 << 16),
+        firefox: Some(88 << 16),
+        ..Browsers::default()
+      },
+    );
+
+    prefix_test(
+      "a:dir(ltr) {color:red}",
+      indoc! {r#"
+      a:not(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        color: red;
+      }
+      "#},
+      Browsers {
+        safari: Some(14 << 16),
+        firefox: Some(88 << 16),
+        ..Browsers::default()
+      },
+    );
+
+    prefix_test(
+      "a:dir(rtl) {color:red}",
+      indoc! {r#"
+      a:lang(ae, ar, arc, bcc, bqi, ckb, dv, fa, glk, he, ku, mzn, nqo, pnb, ps, sd, ug, ur, yi) {
+        color: red;
+      }
+      "#},
+      Browsers {
+        safari: Some(14 << 16),
+        ..Browsers::default()
+      },
+    );
+
+    prefix_test(
+      "a:dir(ltr) {color:red}",
+      indoc! {r#"
+      a:not(:lang(ae, ar, arc, bcc, bqi, ckb, dv, fa, glk, he, ku, mzn, nqo, pnb, ps, sd, ug, ur, yi)) {
+        color: red;
+      }
+      "#},
+      Browsers {
+        safari: Some(14 << 16),
+        ..Browsers::default()
+      },
+    );
   }
 
   #[test]
@@ -6602,18 +6757,16 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        transition-property: var(--ltr, margin-left) var(--rtl, margin-right);
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        transition-property: margin-left;
       }
 
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
+      .foo:-webkit-any(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        transition-property: margin-right;
       }
 
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        transition-property: margin-right;
       }
     "#
       },
@@ -6630,18 +6783,16 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        transition-property: var(--ltr, margin-left, padding-left) var(--rtl, margin-right, padding-right);
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        transition-property: margin-left, padding-left;
       }
 
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
+      .foo:-webkit-any(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        transition-property: margin-right, padding-right;
       }
 
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        transition-property: margin-right, padding-right;
       }
     "#
       },
@@ -6658,18 +6809,16 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        transition-property: var(--ltr, margin-left, opacity, padding-left, color) var(--rtl, margin-right, opacity, padding-right, color);
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        transition-property: margin-left, opacity, padding-left, color;
       }
 
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
+      .foo:-webkit-any(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        transition-property: margin-right, opacity, padding-right, color;
       }
 
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        transition-property: margin-right, opacity, padding-right, color;
       }
     "#
       },
@@ -6704,18 +6853,16 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        transition: var(--ltr, margin-left 2s) var(--rtl, margin-right 2s);
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        transition: margin-left 2s;
       }
 
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
+      .foo:-webkit-any(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        transition: margin-right 2s;
       }
 
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        transition: margin-right 2s;
       }
     "#
       },
@@ -6732,18 +6879,16 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        transition: var(--ltr, margin-left 2s, padding-left 2s) var(--rtl, margin-right 2s, padding-right 2s);
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        transition: margin-left 2s, padding-left 2s;
       }
 
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
+      .foo:-webkit-any(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        transition: margin-right 2s, padding-right 2s;
       }
 
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        transition: margin-right 2s, padding-right 2s;
       }
     "#
       },
@@ -6797,24 +6942,41 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        -webkit-transition: var(--ltr, border-top-left-radius) var(--rtl, border-top-right-radius);
-        transition: var(--ltr, border-top-left-radius) var(--rtl, border-top-right-radius);
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        -webkit-transition: -webkit-border-top-left-radius, border-top-left-radius;
+        transition: -webkit-border-top-left-radius, border-top-left-radius;
       }
 
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        -webkit-transition: -webkit-border-top-right-radius, border-top-right-radius;
+        transition: -webkit-border-top-right-radius, border-top-right-radius;
       }
+    "#
+      },
+      Browsers {
+        safari: Some(4 << 16),
+        ..Browsers::default()
+      },
+    );
 
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+    prefix_test(
+      r#"
+      .foo {
+        transition: border-start-start-radius;
+      }
+    "#,
+      indoc! {r#"
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae, ar, arc, bcc, bqi, ckb, dv, fa, glk, he, ku, mzn, nqo, pnb, ps, sd, ug, ur, yi)) {
+        transition: border-top-left-radius;
+      }
+
+      .foo:lang(ae, ar, arc, bcc, bqi, ckb, dv, fa, glk, he, ku, mzn, nqo, pnb, ps, sd, ug, ur, yi) {
+        transition: border-top-right-radius;
       }
     "#
       },
       Browsers {
-        safari: Some(4 << 16),
+        safari: Some(12 << 16),
         ..Browsers::default()
       },
     );
@@ -9166,18 +9328,34 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        text-align: var(--ltr, left) var(--rtl, right);
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        text-align: left;
+      }
+
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        text-align: right;
       }
+    "#
+      },
+      Browsers {
+        safari: Some(2 << 16),
+        ..Browsers::default()
+      },
+    );
 
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
+    prefix_test(
+      r#"
+      .foo {
+        text-align: end;
+      }
+    "#,
+      indoc! {r#"
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        text-align: right;
       }
 
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        text-align: left;
       }
     "#
       },
@@ -9190,22 +9368,34 @@ mod tests {
     prefix_test(
       r#"
       .foo {
-        text-align: end;
+        text-align: start;
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
       .foo {
-        text-align: var(--ltr, right) var(--rtl, left);
+        text-align: start;
       }
+    "#
+      },
+      Browsers {
+        safari: Some(14 << 16),
+        ..Browsers::default()
+      },
+    );
 
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
+    prefix_test(
+      r#"
+      .foo > .bar {
+        text-align: start;
+      }
+    "#,
+      indoc! {r#"
+      .foo > .bar:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        text-align: left;
       }
 
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      .foo > .bar:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        text-align: right;
       }
     "#
       },
@@ -9217,18 +9407,44 @@ mod tests {
 
     prefix_test(
       r#"
-      .foo {
+      .foo:after {
         text-align: start;
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)):after {
+        text-align: left;
+      }
+
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)):after {
+        text-align: right;
+      }
+    "#
+      },
+      Browsers {
+        safari: Some(2 << 16),
+        ..Browsers::default()
+      },
+    );
+
+    prefix_test(
+      r#"
+      .foo:hover {
         text-align: start;
       }
+    "#,
+      indoc! {r#"
+      .foo:hover:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        text-align: left;
+      }
+
+      .foo:hover:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        text-align: right;
+      }
     "#
       },
       Browsers {
-        safari: Some(14 << 16),
+        safari: Some(2 << 16),
         ..Browsers::default()
       },
     );
@@ -10209,19 +10425,16 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        left: var(--ltr, 2px);
-        right: var(--rtl, 2px);
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        left: 2px;
       }
 
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
+      .foo:-webkit-any(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        right: 2px;
       }
 
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        right: 2px;
       }
     "#
       },
@@ -10239,19 +10452,19 @@ mod tests {
       }
     "#,
       indoc! {r#"
-      .foo {
-        left: var(--ltr, 2px) var(--rtl, 4px);
-        right: var(--ltr, 4px) var(--rtl, 2px);
+      .foo:not(:lang(ae)):not(:lang(ar)):not(:lang(arc)):not(:lang(bcc)):not(:lang(bqi)):not(:lang(ckb)):not(:lang(dv)):not(:lang(fa)):not(:lang(glk)):not(:lang(he)):not(:lang(ku)):not(:lang(mzn)):not(:lang(nqo)):not(:lang(pnb)):not(:lang(ps)):not(:lang(sd)):not(:lang(ug)):not(:lang(ur)):not(:lang(yi)) {
+        left: 2px;
+        right: 4px;
       }
 
-      [dir="ltr"] {
-        --ltr: initial;
-        --rtl: ;
+      .foo:-webkit-any(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        left: 4px;
+        right: 2px;
       }
 
-      [dir="rtl"] {
-        --ltr: ;
-        --rtl: initial;
+      .foo:is(:lang(ae), :lang(ar), :lang(arc), :lang(bcc), :lang(bqi), :lang(ckb), :lang(dv), :lang(fa), :lang(glk), :lang(he), :lang(ku), :lang(mzn), :lang(nqo), :lang(pnb), :lang(ps), :lang(sd), :lang(ug), :lang(ur), :lang(yi)) {
+        left: 4px;
+        right: 2px;
       }
     "#
       },
diff --git a/src/logical.rs b/src/logical.rs
index acc262fe..c675a19d 100644
--- a/src/logical.rs
+++ b/src/logical.rs
@@ -1,42 +1,3 @@
-use crate::error::PrinterError;
-use crate::printer::Printer;
-use crate::properties::{Property, PropertyId};
-use crate::traits::ToCss;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
-pub struct LogicalProperty<'i> {
-  pub property_id: PropertyId<'i>,
-  pub ltr: Option<Box<Property<'i>>>,
-  pub rtl: Option<Box<Property<'i>>>,
-}
-
-impl<'i> ToCss for LogicalProperty<'i> {
-  fn to_css<W>(&self, dest: &mut Printer<W>) -> Result<(), PrinterError>
-  where
-    W: std::fmt::Write,
-  {
-    if let Some(ltr) = &self.ltr {
-      dest.write_str("var(--ltr,")?;
-      dest.whitespace()?;
-      ltr.value_to_css(dest)?;
-      dest.write_char(')')?;
-    }
-
-    if self.ltr.is_some() && self.rtl.is_some() {
-      dest.whitespace()?;
-    }
-
-    if let Some(rtl) = &self.rtl {
-      dest.write_str("var(--rtl,")?;
-      dest.whitespace()?;
-      rtl.value_to_css(dest)?;
-      dest.write_char(')')?;
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-  }
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub(crate) enum PropertyCategory {
   Logical,
diff --git a/src/prefixes.rs b/src/prefixes.rs
index 03f0ce62..29d870e9 100644
--- a/src/prefixes.rs
+++ b/src/prefixes.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ pub enum Feature {
   AnimationName,
   AnimationPlayState,
   AnimationTimingFunction,
+  AnyPseudo,
   Appearance,
   AtKeyframes,
   AtResolution,
@@ -2154,6 +2155,48 @@ impl Feature {
           }
         }
       }
+      Feature::AnyPseudo => {
+        if let Some(version) = browsers.chrome {
+          if version >= 786432 && version <= 5701632 {
+            prefixes |= VendorPrefix::WebKit;
+          }
+        }
+        if let Some(version) = browsers.edge {
+          if version >= 5177344 && version <= 5701632 {
+            prefixes |= VendorPrefix::WebKit;
+          }
+        }
+        if let Some(version) = browsers.firefox {
+          if version >= 262144 && version <= 5111808 {
+            prefixes |= VendorPrefix::Moz;
+          }
+        }
+        if let Some(version) = browsers.opera {
+          if version >= 917504 && version <= 4784128 {
+            prefixes |= VendorPrefix::WebKit;
+          }
+        }
+        if let Some(version) = browsers.safari {
+          if version >= 327680 && version <= 851968 {
+            prefixes |= VendorPrefix::WebKit;
+          }
+        }
+        if let Some(version) = browsers.ios_saf {
+          if version >= 327680 && version <= 851968 {
+            prefixes |= VendorPrefix::WebKit;
+          }
+        }
+        if let Some(version) = browsers.samsung {
+          if version >= 65536 && version <= 917504 {
+            prefixes |= VendorPrefix::WebKit;
+          }
+        }
+        if let Some(version) = browsers.android {
+          if version >= 2424832 && version <= 5701632 {
+            prefixes |= VendorPrefix::WebKit;
+          }
+        }
+      }
     }
     prefixes
   }
diff --git a/src/properties/border.rs b/src/properties/border.rs
index bf5f7bb0..17d5b687 100644
--- a/src/properties/border.rs
+++ b/src/properties/border.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use crate::compat::Feature;
 use crate::context::PropertyHandlerContext;
 use crate::declaration::DeclarationList;
 use crate::error::{ParserError, PrinterError};
-use crate::logical::{LogicalProperty, PropertyCategory};
+use crate::logical::PropertyCategory;
 use crate::macros::*;
 use crate::printer::Printer;
 use crate::properties::custom::UnparsedProperty;
@@ -190,20 +190,6 @@ impl<S: Clone> FallbackValues for GenericBorder<S> {
   }
 }
 
-impl<S: Clone> GenericBorder<S> {
-  fn get_necessary_fallbacks(&self, targets: Browsers) -> ColorFallbackKind {
-    self.color.get_necessary_fallbacks(targets)
-  }
-
-  fn get_fallback(&self, kind: ColorFallbackKind) -> Self {
-    GenericBorder {
-      color: self.color.get_fallback(kind),
-      width: self.width.clone(),
-      style: self.style.clone(),
-    }
-  }
-}
-
 impl FallbackValues for Rect<CssColor> {
   fn get_fallbacks(&mut self, targets: Browsers) -> Vec<Self> {
     let mut fallbacks = ColorFallbackKind::empty();
@@ -277,28 +263,6 @@ impl BorderShorthand {
   }
 }
 
-#[derive(Default, Debug)]
-struct PhysicalToLogical {
-  border_left: Option<usize>,
-  border_left_color: Option<usize>,
-  border_left_style: Option<usize>,
-  border_left_width: Option<usize>,
-  border_right: Option<usize>,
-  border_right_color: Option<usize>,
-  border_right_style: Option<usize>,
-  border_right_width: Option<usize>,
-}
-
-macro_rules! get_physical {
-  ($physical_to_logical: expr, $key: ident, $dest: ident) => {
-    if let Some(index) = $physical_to_logical.$key {
-      $dest.get_mut(index)
-    } else {
-      None
-    }
-  };
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct BorderHandler<'i> {
   targets: Option<Browsers>,
@@ -314,7 +278,6 @@ pub(crate) struct BorderHandler<'i> {
   border_image_handler: BorderImageHandler<'i>,
   border_radius_handler: BorderRadiusHandler<'i>,
   has_any: bool,
-  physical_to_logical: PhysicalToLogical,
 }
 
 impl<'i> BorderHandler<'i> {
@@ -333,7 +296,6 @@ impl<'i> BorderHandler<'i> {
       border_image_handler: BorderImageHandler::new(targets),
       border_radius_handler: BorderRadiusHandler::new(targets),
       has_any: false,
-      physical_to_logical: PhysicalToLogical::default(),
     }
   }
 }
@@ -497,7 +459,6 @@ impl<'i> PropertyHandler<'i> for BorderHandler<'i> {
 
   fn finalize(&mut self, dest: &mut DeclarationList<'i>, context: &mut PropertyHandlerContext<'i>) {
     self.flush(dest, context);
-    self.flush_logical_fallbacks(dest, context);
     self.border_image_handler.finalize(dest, context);
     self.border_radius_handler.finalize(dest, context);
   }
@@ -514,28 +475,7 @@ impl<'i> BorderHandler<'i> {
     let logical_supported = context.is_supported(Feature::LogicalBorders);
     macro_rules! logical_prop {
       ($ltr: ident, $ltr_key: ident, $rtl: ident, $rtl_key: ident, $val: expr) => {{
-        context.used_logical = true;
-        if let Some(Property::Logical(property)) = get_physical!(self.physical_to_logical, $ltr_key, dest) {
-          property.ltr = Some(Box::new(Property::$ltr($val.clone())));
-        } else {
-          self.physical_to_logical.$ltr_key = Some(dest.len());
-          dest.push(Property::Logical(LogicalProperty {
-            property_id: PropertyId::$ltr,
-            ltr: Some(Box::new(Property::$ltr($val.clone()))),
-            rtl: None,
-          }));
-        }
-
-        if let Some(Property::Logical(property)) = get_physical!(self.physical_to_logical, $rtl_key, dest) {
-          property.rtl = Some(Box::new(Property::$rtl($val.clone())));
-        } else {
-          self.physical_to_logical.$rtl_key = Some(dest.len());
-          dest.push(Property::Logical(LogicalProperty {
-            property_id: PropertyId::$rtl,
-            ltr: None,
-            rtl: Some(Box::new(Property::$rtl($val.clone()))),
-          }));
-        }
+        context.add_logical_rule(Property::$ltr($val.clone()), Property::$rtl($val.clone()));
       }};
     }
 
@@ -1041,40 +981,18 @@ impl<'i> BorderHandler<'i> {
 
     macro_rules! prop {
       ($id: ident) => {{
-        dest.push(Property::Unparsed(unparsed.with_property_id(PropertyId::$id)));
+        let mut unparsed = unparsed.with_property_id(PropertyId::$id);
+        context.add_unparsed_fallbacks(&mut unparsed);
+        dest.push(Property::Unparsed(unparsed));
       }};
     }
 
     macro_rules! logical_prop {
       ($ltr: ident, $ltr_key: ident, $rtl: ident, $rtl_key: ident) => {{
-        let ltr = Some(Box::new(Property::Unparsed(
-          unparsed.with_property_id(PropertyId::$ltr),
-        )));
-        let rtl = Some(Box::new(Property::Unparsed(
-          unparsed.with_property_id(PropertyId::$rtl),
-        )));
-        context.used_logical = true;
-        if let Some(Property::Logical(property)) = get_physical!(self.physical_to_logical, $ltr_key, dest) {
-          property.ltr = ltr;
-        } else {
-          self.physical_to_logical.$ltr_key = Some(dest.len());
-          dest.push(Property::Logical(LogicalProperty {
-            property_id: PropertyId::$ltr,
-            ltr,
-            rtl: None,
-          }));
-        }
-
-        if let Some(Property::Logical(property)) = get_physical!(self.physical_to_logical, $rtl_key, dest) {
-          property.rtl = rtl;
-        } else {
-          self.physical_to_logical.$rtl_key = Some(dest.len());
-          dest.push(Property::Logical(LogicalProperty {
-            property_id: PropertyId::$rtl,
-            ltr: None,
-            rtl,
-          }));
-        }
+        context.add_logical_rule(
+          Property::Unparsed(unparsed.with_property_id(PropertyId::$ltr)),
+          Property::Unparsed(unparsed.with_property_id(PropertyId::$rtl)),
+        );
       }};
     }
 
@@ -1109,96 +1027,12 @@ impl<'i> BorderHandler<'i> {
       BorderBlockEndColor => prop!(BorderBottomColor),
       BorderBlockEndStyle => prop!(BorderBottomStyle),
       _ => {
-        dest.push(Property::Unparsed(unparsed.clone()));
+        let mut unparsed = unparsed.clone();
+        context.add_unparsed_fallbacks(&mut unparsed);
+        dest.push(Property::Unparsed(unparsed));
       }
     }
   }
-
-  fn flush_logical_fallbacks(&mut self, dest: &mut DeclarationList<'i>, context: &mut PropertyHandlerContext<'i>) {
-    // Generate color fallbacks for logical properties.
-    if let Some(targets) = self.targets {
-      macro_rules! logical_fallback {
-        ($prop: ident, $key: ident) => {
-          if let Some(Property::Logical(property)) = get_physical!(self.physical_to_logical, $key, dest) {
-            let mut fallbacks = ColorFallbackKind::empty();
-            macro_rules! add_fallbacks {
-              ($val: ident) => {
-                match &**$val {
-                  Property::$prop(val) => {
-                    fallbacks |= val.get_necessary_fallbacks(targets);
-                  }
-                  Property::Unparsed(unparsed) => {
-                    fallbacks |= unparsed.value.get_necessary_fallbacks(targets);
-                  }
-                  _ => unreachable!(),
-                }
-              };
-            }
-
-            if let Some(ltr) = &property.ltr {
-              add_fallbacks!(ltr);
-            }
-
-            if let Some(rtl) = &property.rtl {
-              add_fallbacks!(rtl);
-            }
-
-            let lowest_fallback = fallbacks.lowest();
-            fallbacks.remove(lowest_fallback);
-
-            macro_rules! fallback {
-              ($val: ident, $kind: expr) => {
-                property.$val.as_ref().map(|val| match &**val {
-                  Property::$prop(val) => Box::new(Property::$prop(val.get_fallback($kind))),
-                  Property::Unparsed(unparsed) => Box::new(Property::Unparsed(UnparsedProperty {
-                    property_id: unparsed.property_id.clone(),
-                    value: unparsed.value.get_fallback($kind),
-                  })),
-                  _ => unreachable!(),
-                })
-              };
-            }
-
-            if fallbacks.contains(ColorFallbackKind::P3) {
-              context.add_conditional_property(
-                ColorFallbackKind::P3.supports_condition(),
-                Property::Logical(LogicalProperty {
-                  property_id: PropertyId::$prop,
-                  ltr: fallback!(ltr, ColorFallbackKind::P3),
-                  rtl: fallback!(rtl, ColorFallbackKind::P3),
-                }),
-              );
-            }
-
-            if fallbacks.contains(ColorFallbackKind::LAB)
-              || (!lowest_fallback.is_empty() && lowest_fallback != ColorFallbackKind::LAB)
-            {
-              context.add_conditional_property(
-                ColorFallbackKind::LAB.supports_condition(),
-                Property::Logical(LogicalProperty {
-                  property_id: PropertyId::$prop,
-                  ltr: fallback!(ltr, ColorFallbackKind::LAB),
-                  rtl: fallback!(rtl, ColorFallbackKind::LAB),
-                }),
-              );
-            }
-
-            if !lowest_fallback.is_empty() {
-              property.ltr = fallback!(ltr, lowest_fallback);
-              property.rtl = fallback!(rtl, lowest_fallback);
-            }
-          }
-        };
-      }
-
-      logical_fallback!(BorderLeft, border_left);
-      logical_fallback!(BorderRight, border_right);
-      logical_fallback!(BorderLeftColor, border_left_color);
-      logical_fallback!(BorderRightColor, border_right_color);
-    }
-
-    self.physical_to_logical = PhysicalToLogical::default();
-  }
 }
 
 fn is_border_property(property_id: &PropertyId) -> bool {
diff --git a/src/properties/border_radius.rs b/src/properties/border_radius.rs
index afcbe67a..a2c720b7 100644
--- a/src/properties/border_radius.rs
+++ b/src/properties/border_radius.rs
@@ -273,28 +273,33 @@ impl<'i> BorderRadiusHandler<'i> {
     let logical_supported = context.is_supported(compat::Feature::LogicalBorderRadius);
 
     macro_rules! logical_property {
-      ($prop: ident, $opposite_prop: ident, $key: ident, $opposite_key: ident, $ltr: ident, $rtl: ident) => {
-        if logical_supported {
-          if let Some(val) = $key {
+      ($prop: ident, $key: ident, $ltr: ident, $rtl: ident) => {
+        if let Some(val) = $key {
+          if logical_supported {
             dest.push(val);
-          }
-          if let Some(val) = $opposite_key {
-            dest.push(val);
-          }
-        } else if $key.is_some() || $opposite_key.is_some() {
-          let vp = if let Some(targets) = self.targets {
-            Feature::$ltr.prefixes_for(targets)
           } else {
-            VendorPrefix::None
-          };
-
-          context.add_inline_logical_properties(
-            dest,
-            PropertyId::$ltr(vp),
-            PropertyId::$rtl(vp),
-            $key,
-            $opposite_key,
-          );
+            let vp = if let Some(targets) = self.targets {
+              Feature::$ltr.prefixes_for(targets)
+            } else {
+              VendorPrefix::None
+            };
+
+            match val {
+              Property::BorderStartStartRadius(val)
+              | Property::BorderStartEndRadius(val)
+              | Property::BorderEndStartRadius(val)
+              | Property::BorderEndEndRadius(val) => {
+                context.add_logical_rule(Property::$ltr(val.clone(), vp), Property::$rtl(val, vp));
+              }
+              Property::Unparsed(val) => {
+                context.add_logical_rule(
+                  Property::Unparsed(val.with_property_id(PropertyId::$ltr(vp))),
+                  Property::Unparsed(val.with_property_id(PropertyId::$rtl(vp))),
+                );
+              }
+              _ => {}
+            }
+          }
         }
       };
     }
@@ -305,20 +310,28 @@ impl<'i> BorderRadiusHandler<'i> {
     single_property!(BorderBottomRightRadius, bottom_right);
     logical_property!(
       BorderStartStartRadius,
-      BorderStartEndRadius,
       start_start,
-      start_end,
       BorderTopLeftRadius,
       BorderTopRightRadius
     );
+    logical_property!(
+      BorderStartEndRadius,
+      start_end,
+      BorderTopRightRadius,
+      BorderTopLeftRadius
+    );
     logical_property!(
       BorderEndStartRadius,
-      BorderEndEndRadius,
       end_start,
-      end_end,
       BorderBottomLeftRadius,
       BorderBottomRightRadius
     );
+    logical_property!(
+      BorderEndEndRadius,
+      end_end,
+      BorderBottomRightRadius,
+      BorderBottomLeftRadius
+    );
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/properties/margin_padding.rs b/src/properties/margin_padding.rs
index 8fc9bc0c..71c436b8 100644
--- a/src/properties/margin_padding.rs
+++ b/src/properties/margin_padding.rs
@@ -9,20 +9,20 @@ use crate::values::{length::LengthPercentageOrAuto, rect::Rect, size::Size2D};
 macro_rules! side_handler {
   ($name: ident, $top: ident, $bottom: ident, $left: ident, $right: ident, $block_start: ident, $block_end: ident, $inline_start: ident, $inline_end: ident, $shorthand: ident, $block_shorthand: ident, $inline_shorthand: ident, $logical_shorthand: literal $(, $feature: ident)?) => {
     #[derive(Debug, Default)]
-    pub(crate) struct $name {
+    pub(crate) struct $name<'i> {
       top: Option<LengthPercentageOrAuto>,
       bottom: Option<LengthPercentageOrAuto>,
       left: Option<LengthPercentageOrAuto>,
       right: Option<LengthPercentageOrAuto>,
-      block_start: Option<LengthPercentageOrAuto>,
-      block_end: Option<LengthPercentageOrAuto>,
-      inline_start: Option<LengthPercentageOrAuto>,
-      inline_end: Option<LengthPercentageOrAuto>,
+      block_start: Option<Property<'i>>,
+      block_end: Option<Property<'i>>,
+      inline_start: Option<Property<'i>>,
+      inline_end: Option<Property<'i>>,
       has_any: bool,
       category: PropertyCategory
     }
 
-    impl<'i> PropertyHandler<'i> for $name {
+    impl<'i> PropertyHandler<'i> for $name<'i> {
       fn handle_property(&mut self, property: &Property<'i>, dest: &mut DeclarationList<'i>, context: &mut PropertyHandlerContext<'i>) -> bool {
         use Property::*;
 
@@ -37,13 +37,13 @@ macro_rules! side_handler {
           }};
         }
 
-        macro_rules! set_shorthand {
-          ($start: ident, $end: ident, $val: ident) => {{
+        macro_rules! logical_property {
+          ($prop: ident, $val: expr) => {{
             if self.category != PropertyCategory::Logical {
               self.flush(dest, context);
             }
-            self.$start = Some($val.0.clone());
-            self.$end = Some($val.1.clone());
+
+            self.$prop = Some($val);
             self.category = PropertyCategory::Logical;
             self.has_any = true;
           }};
@@ -54,12 +54,18 @@ macro_rules! side_handler {
           $bottom(val) => property!(bottom, val, Physical),
           $left(val) => property!(left, val, Physical),
           $right(val) => property!(right, val, Physical),
-          $block_start(val) => property!(block_start, val, Logical),
-          $block_end(val) => property!(block_end, val, Logical),
-          $inline_start(val) => property!(inline_start, val, Logical),
-          $inline_end(val) => property!(inline_end, val, Logical),
-          $block_shorthand(val) => set_shorthand!(block_start, block_end, val),
-          $inline_shorthand(val) => set_shorthand!(inline_start, inline_end, val),
+          $block_start(_) => logical_property!(block_start, property.clone()),
+          $block_end(_) => logical_property!(block_end, property.clone()),
+          $inline_start(_) => logical_property!(inline_start, property.clone()),
+          $inline_end(_) => logical_property!(inline_end, property.clone()),
+          $block_shorthand(val) => {
+            logical_property!(block_start, Property::$block_start(val.0.clone()));
+            logical_property!(block_end, Property::$block_end(val.1.clone()));
+          },
+          $inline_shorthand(val) => {
+            logical_property!(inline_start, Property::$inline_start(val.0.clone()));
+            logical_property!(inline_end, Property::$inline_end(val.1.clone()));
+          },
           $shorthand(val) => {
             // dest.clear();
             self.top = Some(val.0.clone());
@@ -73,8 +79,18 @@ macro_rules! side_handler {
             self.has_any = true;
           }
           Unparsed(val) if matches!(val.property_id, PropertyId::$top | PropertyId::$bottom | PropertyId::$left | PropertyId::$right | PropertyId::$block_start | PropertyId::$block_end | PropertyId::$inline_start | PropertyId::$inline_end | PropertyId::$block_shorthand | PropertyId::$inline_shorthand | PropertyId::$shorthand) => {
-            self.flush(dest, context);
-            dest.push(property.clone());
+            // Even if we weren't able to parse the value (e.g. due to var() references),
+            // we can still add vendor prefixes to the property itself.
+            match &val.property_id {
+              PropertyId::$block_start => logical_property!(block_start, property.clone()),
+              PropertyId::$block_end => logical_property!(block_end, property.clone()),
+              PropertyId::$inline_start => logical_property!(inline_start, property.clone()),
+              PropertyId::$inline_end => logical_property!(inline_end, property.clone()),
+              _ => {
+                self.flush(dest, context);
+                dest.push(property.clone());
+              }
+            }
           }
           _ => return false
         }
@@ -87,7 +103,7 @@ macro_rules! side_handler {
       }
     }
 
-    impl<'i> $name {
+    impl<'i> $name<'i> {
       fn flush(&mut self, dest: &mut DeclarationList<'i>, context: &mut PropertyHandlerContext<'i>) {
         use Property::*;
 
@@ -131,47 +147,71 @@ macro_rules! side_handler {
 
         macro_rules! logical_side {
           ($start: ident, $end: ident, $shorthand_prop: ident, $start_prop: ident, $end_prop: ident) => {
-            if ($start.is_some() && $end.is_some()) {
-              let size = Size2D($start.unwrap(), $end.unwrap());
+            if let (Some(Property::$start_prop(start)), Some(Property::$end_prop(end))) = (&$start, &$end) {
+              let size = Size2D(start.clone(), end.clone());
               dest.push($shorthand_prop(size));
             } else {
               if let Some(val) = $start {
-                dest.push($start_prop(val));
+                dest.push(val);
               }
 
               if let Some(val) = $end {
-                dest.push($end_prop(val));
+                dest.push(val);
               }
             }
           };
         }
 
+        macro_rules! prop {
+          ($val: ident, $logical: ident, $physical: ident) => {
+            match $val {
+              Some(Property::$logical(val)) => {
+                dest.push(Property::$physical(val));
+              }
+              Some(Property::Unparsed(val)) => {
+                dest.push(Property::Unparsed(val.with_property_id(PropertyId::$physical)));
+              }
+              _ => {}
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
         if logical_supported {
           logical_side!(block_start, block_end, $block_shorthand, $block_start, $block_end);
         } else {
-          if let Some(val) = block_start {
-            dest.push($top(val));
-          }
-
-          if let Some(val) = block_end {
-            dest.push($bottom(val));
-          }
+          prop!(block_start, $block_start, $top);
+          prop!(block_end, $block_end, $bottom);
         }
 
         if logical_supported {
           logical_side!(inline_start, inline_end, $inline_shorthand, $inline_start, $inline_end);
         } else if inline_start.is_some() || inline_end.is_some() {
-          if inline_start == inline_end {
-            dest.push($left(inline_start.unwrap()));
-            dest.push($right(inline_end.unwrap()));
+          if matches!((&inline_start, &inline_end), (Some(Property::$inline_start(start)), Some(Property::$inline_end(end))) if start == end) {
+            prop!(inline_start, $inline_start, $left);
+            prop!(inline_end, $inline_end, $right);
           } else {
-            context.add_inline_logical_properties(
-              dest,
-              PropertyId::$left,
-              PropertyId::$right,
-              inline_start.map(|v| Property::$inline_start(v)),
-              inline_end.map(|v| Property::$inline_end(v)),
-            );
+            macro_rules! logical_prop {
+              ($val: ident, $logical: ident, $ltr: ident, $rtl: ident) => {
+                match $val {
+                  Some(Property::$logical(val)) => {
+                    context.add_logical_rule(
+                      Property::$ltr(val.clone()),
+                      Property::$rtl(val)
+                    );
+                  }
+                  Some(Property::Unparsed(val)) => {
+                    context.add_logical_rule(
+                      Property::Unparsed(val.with_property_id(PropertyId::$ltr)),
+                      Property::Unparsed(val.with_property_id(PropertyId::$rtl))
+                    );
+                  }
+                  _ => {}
+                }
+              }
+            }
+
+            logical_prop!(inline_start, $inline_start, $left, $right);
+            logical_prop!(inline_end, $inline_end, $right, $left);
           }
         }
       }
diff --git a/src/properties/mod.rs b/src/properties/mod.rs
index 90be2732..186ec02a 100644
--- a/src/properties/mod.rs
+++ b/src/properties/mod.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ pub mod transition;
 pub mod ui;
 
 use crate::error::{ParserError, PrinterError};
-use crate::logical::LogicalProperty;
 use crate::parser::starts_with_ignore_ascii_case;
 use crate::parser::ParserOptions;
 use crate::prefixes::Feature;
@@ -292,7 +291,6 @@ macro_rules! define_properties {
       )+
       Unparsed(UnparsedProperty<'i>),
       Custom(CustomProperty<'i>),
-      Logical(LogicalProperty<'i>)
     }
 
     impl<'i> Property<'i> {
@@ -377,7 +375,6 @@ macro_rules! define_properties {
             $property(_, $(vp_name!($vp, _p))?) => $name,
           )+
           Unparsed(unparsed) => unparsed.property_id.name(),
-          Logical(logical) => logical.property_id.name(),
           Custom(custom) => &custom.name,
         }
       }
@@ -398,9 +395,6 @@ macro_rules! define_properties {
           Custom(custom) => {
             custom.value.to_css(dest, custom.name.starts_with("--"))
           }
-          Logical(logical) => {
-            logical.to_css(dest)
-          }
         }
       }
 
@@ -446,7 +440,6 @@ macro_rules! define_properties {
             },
           )+
           Unparsed(unparsed) => (unparsed.property_id.name(), unparsed.property_id.prefix()),
-          Logical(logical) => (logical.property_id.name(), logical.property_id.prefix()),
           Custom(custom) => {
             // Ensure custom property names are escaped.
             serialize_name(custom.name.as_ref(), dest)?;
diff --git a/src/properties/text.rs b/src/properties/text.rs
index be318076..4dce2018 100644
--- a/src/properties/text.rs
+++ b/src/properties/text.rs
@@ -870,9 +870,7 @@ impl<'i> PropertyHandler<'i> for TextDecorationHandler<'i> {
             if logical_supported {
               dest.push(property.clone());
             } else {
-              context.add_logical_property(
-                dest,
-                PropertyId::TextAlign,
+              context.add_logical_rule(
                 Property::TextAlign(TextAlign::$ltr),
                 Property::TextAlign(TextAlign::$rtl),
               );
diff --git a/src/properties/transition.rs b/src/properties/transition.rs
index ca84e78b..a8fc9107 100644
--- a/src/properties/transition.rs
+++ b/src/properties/transition.rs
@@ -276,9 +276,7 @@ impl<'i> TransitionHandler<'i> {
 
         if let Some(rtl_properties) = &rtl_properties {
           let rtl_transitions = get_transitions!(rtl_properties);
-          context.add_logical_property(
-            dest,
-            PropertyId::Transition(intersection),
+          context.add_logical_rule(
             Property::Transition(transitions, intersection),
             Property::Transition(rtl_transitions, intersection),
           );
@@ -296,9 +294,7 @@ impl<'i> TransitionHandler<'i> {
     if let Some((properties, prefix)) = properties {
       if !prefix.is_empty() {
         if let Some(rtl_properties) = rtl_properties {
-          context.add_logical_property(
-            dest,
-            PropertyId::TransitionProperty(prefix),
+          context.add_logical_rule(
             Property::TransitionProperty(properties, prefix),
             Property::TransitionProperty(rtl_properties, prefix),
           );
diff --git a/src/rules/mod.rs b/src/rules/mod.rs
index 0d0a7e0a..0c9a1a14 100644
--- a/src/rules/mod.rs
+++ b/src/rules/mod.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use crate::dependencies::{Dependency, ImportDependency};
 use crate::error::{MinifyError, PrinterError};
 use crate::prefixes::Feature;
 use crate::printer::Printer;
-use crate::selector::{get_necessary_prefixes, get_prefix, is_equivalent};
+use crate::selector::{downlevel_selectors, get_prefix, is_equivalent};
 use crate::targets::Browsers;
 use crate::traits::ToCss;
 use crate::values::string::CowArcStr;
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ impl<'i> CssRuleList<'i> {
           if let Some(targets) = context.targets {
             style.vendor_prefix = get_prefix(&style.selectors);
             if style.vendor_prefix.contains(VendorPrefix::None) {
-              style.vendor_prefix = get_necessary_prefixes(&style.selectors, *targets);
+              style.vendor_prefix = downlevel_selectors(&mut style.selectors, *targets);
             }
           }
 
@@ -275,7 +275,17 @@ impl<'i> CssRuleList<'i> {
           }
 
           let supports = context.handler_context.get_supports_rules(&style);
-          rules.push(rule);
+          let logical = context.handler_context.get_logical_rules(&style);
+          if !style.is_empty() {
+            rules.push(rule);
+          }
+
+          if !logical.is_empty() {
+            let mut logical = CssRuleList(logical);
+            logical.minify(context, parent_is_unused)?;
+            rules.extend(logical.0)
+          }
+
           rules.extend(supports);
           continue;
         }
diff --git a/src/rules/style.rs b/src/rules/style.rs
index e579ce07..38c690c4 100644
--- a/src/rules/style.rs
+++ b/src/rules/style.rs
@@ -56,6 +56,10 @@ impl<'i> StyleRule<'i> {
     Ok(false)
   }
 
+  pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+    self.declarations.is_empty() && self.rules.0.is_empty()
+  }
+
   pub fn is_compatible(&self, targets: Option<Browsers>) -> bool {
     is_compatible(&self.selectors, targets)
   }
diff --git a/src/selector.rs b/src/selector.rs
index 5e369224..92f53e43 100644
--- a/src/selector.rs
+++ b/src/selector.rs
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ use crate::error::{ParserError, PrinterError};
 use crate::printer::Printer;
 use crate::rules::{StyleContext, ToCssWithContext};
 use crate::targets::Browsers;
-use crate::traits::ToCss;
-use crate::values::string::CowArcStr;
+use crate::traits::{Parse, ToCss};
 use crate::vendor_prefix::VendorPrefix;
+use crate::{macros::enum_property, values::string::CowArcStr};
 use cssparser::*;
 use parcel_selectors::{
   attr::{AttrSelectorOperator, ParsedAttrSelectorOperation, ParsedCaseSensitivity},
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ impl<'i> SelectorImpl<'i> for Selectors {
 
   type NonTSPseudoClass = PseudoClass<'i>;
   type PseudoElement = PseudoElement<'i>;
+  type VendorPrefix = VendorPrefix;
 
   type ExtraMatchingData = ();
 
@@ -198,8 +199,15 @@ impl<'a, 'i> parcel_selectors::parser::Parser<'i> for SelectorParser<'a, 'i> {
   ) -> Result<PseudoClass<'i>, ParseError<'i, Self::Error>> {
     use PseudoClass::*;
     let pseudo_class = match_ignore_ascii_case! { &name,
-      "lang" => Lang(parser.expect_ident_or_string()?.as_ref().into()),
-      "dir" => Dir(parser.expect_ident_or_string()?.as_ref().into()),
+      "lang" => {
+        let langs = parser.parse_comma_separated(|parser| {
+          parser.expect_ident_or_string()
+            .map(|s| s.into())
+            .map_err(|e| e.into())
+        })?;
+        Lang(langs)
+      },
+      "dir" => Dir(Direction::parse(parser)?),
       "local" if self.css_modules => Local(Box::new(parcel_selectors::parser::Selector::parse(self, parser)?)),
       "global" if self.css_modules => Global(Box::new(parcel_selectors::parser::Selector::parse(self, parser)?)),
       _ => return Err(parser.new_custom_error(parcel_selectors::parser::SelectorParseErrorKind::UnexpectedIdent(name.clone()))),
@@ -208,6 +216,14 @@ impl<'a, 'i> parcel_selectors::parser::Parser<'i> for SelectorParser<'a, 'i> {
     Ok(pseudo_class)
   }
 
+  fn parse_any_prefix<'t>(&self, name: &str) -> Option<VendorPrefix> {
+    match_ignore_ascii_case! { &name,
+      "-webkit-any" => Some(VendorPrefix::WebKit),
+      "-moz-any" => Some(VendorPrefix::Moz),
+      _ => None
+    }
+  }
+
   fn parse_pseudo_element(
     &self,
     _: SourceLocation,
@@ -280,12 +296,20 @@ impl<'a, 'i> parcel_selectors::parser::Parser<'i> for SelectorParser<'a, 'i> {
   }
 }
 
+enum_property! {
+  #[derive(Eq)]
+  pub enum Direction {
+    Ltr,
+    Rtl,
+  }
+}
+
 /// https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-4/#structural-pseudos
 #[derive(Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub enum PseudoClass<'i> {
   // https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-4/#linguistic-pseudos
-  Lang(Box<str>),
-  Dir(Box<str>),
+  Lang(Vec<CowArcStr<'i>>),
+  Dir(Direction),
 
   // https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-4/#useraction-pseudos
   Hover,
@@ -408,12 +432,20 @@ impl<'a, 'i> ToCssWithContext<'a, 'i> for PseudoClass<'i> {
     match &self {
       Lang(lang) => {
         dest.write_str(":lang(")?;
-        serialize_identifier(lang, dest)?;
+        let mut first = true;
+        for lang in lang {
+          if first {
+            first = false;
+          } else {
+            dest.delim(',', false)?;
+          }
+          serialize_identifier(lang, dest)?;
+        }
         return dest.write_str(")");
       }
       Dir(dir) => {
         dest.write_str(":dir(")?;
-        serialize_identifier(dir, dest)?;
+        dir.to_css(dest)?;
         return dest.write_str(")");
       }
       _ => {}
@@ -1036,11 +1068,25 @@ impl<'a, 'i> ToCssWithContext<'a, 'i> for Component<'i, Selectors> {
         }
         dest.write_char(']')
       }
-      Is(ref list) | Where(ref list) | Negation(ref list) => {
+      Is(ref list) | Where(ref list) | Negation(ref list) | Any(_, ref list) => {
         match *self {
           Where(..) => dest.write_str(":where(")?,
-          Is(..) => dest.write_str(":is(")?,
+          Is(..) => {
+            let vp = dest.vendor_prefix;
+            if !vp.is_empty() && vp != VendorPrefix::None {
+              dest.write_char(':')?;
+              vp.to_css(dest)?;
+              dest.write_str("any(")?;
+            } else {
+              dest.write_str(":is(")?;
+            }
+          }
           Negation(..) => return serialize_negation(list.iter(), dest, context),
+          Any(ref prefix, ..) => {
+            dest.write_char(':')?;
+            prefix.to_css(dest)?;
+            dest.write_str("any(")?;
+          }
           _ => unreachable!(),
         }
         serialize_selector_list(list.iter(), dest, context, false)?;
@@ -1255,6 +1301,7 @@ pub fn is_compatible(selectors: &SelectorList<Selectors>, targets: Option<Browse
         | Component::Root => Feature::CssSel3,
 
         Component::Is(_) | Component::Nesting => Feature::CssMatchesPseudo,
+        Component::Any(..) => Feature::AnyPseudo,
         Component::Has(_) => Feature::CssHas,
 
         Component::Scope | Component::Host(_) | Component::Slotted(_) => Feature::Shadowdomv1,
@@ -1384,6 +1431,10 @@ pub fn get_prefix(selectors: &SelectorList<Selectors>) -> VendorPrefix {
   for selector in &selectors.0 {
     for component in selector.iter() {
       let p = match component {
+        // Return none rather than empty for these so that we call downlevel_selectors.
+        Component::NonTSPseudoClass(PseudoClass::Lang(..))
+        | Component::NonTSPseudoClass(PseudoClass::Dir(..))
+        | Component::Is(..) => VendorPrefix::None,
         Component::NonTSPseudoClass(pc) => pc.get_prefix(),
         Component::PseudoElement(pe) => pe.get_prefix(),
         _ => VendorPrefix::empty(),
@@ -1402,26 +1453,95 @@ pub fn get_prefix(selectors: &SelectorList<Selectors>) -> VendorPrefix {
   prefix
 }
 
-/// Returns the necessary vendor prefixes for a given selector list to meet the provided browser targets.
-pub fn get_necessary_prefixes(selectors: &SelectorList<Selectors>, targets: Browsers) -> VendorPrefix {
-  let mut necessary_prefixes = VendorPrefix::empty();
-  for selector in &selectors.0 {
-    for component in selector.iter() {
-      let prefixes = match component {
-        Component::NonTSPseudoClass(pc) => pc.get_necessary_prefixes(targets),
-        Component::PseudoElement(pe) => pe.get_necessary_prefixes(targets),
-        _ => VendorPrefix::empty(),
-      };
+const RTL_LANGS: &[&str] = &[
+  "ae", "ar", "arc", "bcc", "bqi", "ckb", "dv", "fa", "glk", "he", "ku", "mzn", "nqo", "pnb", "ps", "sd", "ug",
+  "ur", "yi",
+];
 
-      necessary_prefixes |= prefixes;
+/// Downlevels the given selectors to be compatible with the given browser targets.
+/// Returns the necessary vendor prefixes.
+pub fn downlevel_selectors(selectors: &mut SelectorList<Selectors>, targets: Browsers) -> VendorPrefix {
+  let mut necessary_prefixes = VendorPrefix::empty();
+  for selector in &mut selectors.0 {
+    for component in selector.iter_mut_raw_match_order() {
+      necessary_prefixes |= downlevel_component(component, targets);
     }
   }
 
   necessary_prefixes
 }
 
+fn downlevel_component<'i>(component: &mut Component<'i, Selectors>, targets: Browsers) -> VendorPrefix {
+  match component {
+    Component::NonTSPseudoClass(pc) => {
+      match pc {
+        PseudoClass::Dir(dir) => {
+          if !Feature::CssDirPseudo.is_compatible(targets) {
+            *component = downlevel_dir(*dir, targets);
+            downlevel_component(component, targets)
+          } else {
+            VendorPrefix::empty()
+          }
+        }
+        PseudoClass::Lang(langs) => {
+          // :lang() with multiple languages is not supported everywhere.
+          // compile this to :is(:lang(a), :lang(b)) etc.
+          if langs.len() > 1 && !Feature::LangList.is_compatible(targets) {
+            *component = Component::Is(lang_list_to_selectors(&langs));
+            downlevel_component(component, targets)
+          } else {
+            VendorPrefix::empty()
+          }
+        }
+        _ => pc.get_necessary_prefixes(targets),
+      }
+    }
+    Component::PseudoElement(pe) => pe.get_necessary_prefixes(targets),
+    Component::Is(ref selectors) => {
+      // Convert :is to :-webkit-any/:-moz-any if needed.
+      // All selectors must be simple, no combinators are supported.
+      if !Feature::CssMatchesPseudo.is_compatible(targets)
+        && selectors.iter().all(|selector| !selector.has_combinator())
+      {
+        crate::prefixes::Feature::AnyPseudo.prefixes_for(targets)
+      } else {
+        VendorPrefix::empty()
+      }
+    }
+    _ => VendorPrefix::empty(),
+  }
+}
+
+fn lang_list_to_selectors<'i>(langs: &Vec<CowArcStr<'i>>) -> Box<[Selector<'i, Selectors>]> {
+  langs
+    .iter()
+    .map(|lang| Selector::from_vec2(vec![Component::NonTSPseudoClass(PseudoClass::Lang(vec![lang.clone()]))]))
+    .collect::<Vec<Selector<Selectors>>>()
+    .into_boxed_slice()
+}
+
+fn downlevel_dir<'i>(dir: Direction, targets: Browsers) -> Component<'i, Selectors> {
+  // Convert :dir to :lang. If supported, use a list of languages in a single :lang,
+  // otherwise, use :is/:not, which may be further downleveled to e.g. :-webkit-any.
+  let langs = RTL_LANGS.iter().map(|lang| (*lang).into()).collect();
+  if Feature::LangList.is_compatible(targets) {
+    let c = Component::NonTSPseudoClass(PseudoClass::Lang(langs));
+    if dir == Direction::Ltr {
+      Component::Negation(vec![Selector::from_vec2(vec![c])].into_boxed_slice())
+    } else {
+      c
+    }
+  } else {
+    if dir == Direction::Ltr {
+      Component::Negation(lang_list_to_selectors(&langs))
+    } else {
+      Component::Is(lang_list_to_selectors(&langs))
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 /// Determines whether a selector list contains only unused selectors.
-/// A selector is considered unused if it contains a class or id component that exists in the set of unsed symbols.
+/// A selector is considered unused if it contains a class or id component that exists in the set of unused symbols.
 pub fn is_unused(
   selectors: &mut std::slice::Iter<Selector<Selectors>>,
   unused_symbols: &HashSet<String>,
@@ -1439,7 +1559,7 @@ pub fn is_unused(
             return true;
           }
         }
-        Component::Is(is) | Component::Where(is) => {
+        Component::Is(is) | Component::Where(is) | Component::Any(_, is) => {
           if is_unused(&mut is.iter(), unused_symbols, parent_is_unused) {
             return true;
           }
diff --git a/src/stylesheet.rs b/src/stylesheet.rs
index 402b5712..d74f28aa 100644
--- a/src/stylesheet.rs
+++ b/src/stylesheet.rs
@@ -119,7 +119,6 @@ impl<'i> StyleSheet<'i> {
       )),
     })?;
 
-    context.add_logical_rules(&mut self.rules);
     Ok(())
   }
 
diff --git a/src/vendor_prefix.rs b/src/vendor_prefix.rs
index fb9f1be8..8ecafd6a 100644
--- a/src/vendor_prefix.rs
+++ b/src/vendor_prefix.rs
@@ -35,6 +35,16 @@ impl VendorPrefix {
 
 impl ToCss for VendorPrefix {
   fn to_css<W>(&self, dest: &mut Printer<W>) -> Result<(), PrinterError>
+  where
+    W: std::fmt::Write,
+  {
+    cssparser::ToCss::to_css(self, dest)?;
+    Ok(())
+  }
+}
+
+impl cssparser::ToCss for VendorPrefix {
+  fn to_css<W>(&self, dest: &mut W) -> std::fmt::Result
   where
     W: std::fmt::Write,
   {