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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">
<html lang="en">
<title>Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification</title>
<!--script src="http://www.w3c-test.org/css/harness/annotate.js#CSS21_DEV" type="text/javascript" defer></script-->
<body>
<div class="head">
<p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48"
src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a>
<h1 id="title">Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification</h1>
<h2 id="W3C-doctype">W3C _THE_STATUSNAME_ _THE_DATE_, edited in place 12 April 2016 to point to new work</h2>
<dl>
<dt>This version:
<dd><a href="_THIS_VERSION_">
_THIS_VERSION_</a>
<dt>Latest version:
<dd><a href="_THE_LATEST_VERSION_">
_THE_LATEST_VERSION_</a>
<dt>Previous versions:
<dd><a href="_THE_PREVIOUS_VERSION_">
_THE_PREVIOUS_VERSION_</a>
<dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-CSS2-20080411/">
http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-CSS2-20080411/</a>
<dt>Latest editor's draft:
<dd><a href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/">
http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/</a>
<dt>Editors:
<dd class="vcard"><a class="url fn" lang=nl href="http://www.w3.org/People/Bos/">
Bert Bos</a>
<<span class="email">bert @w3.org</span>></dd>
<dd class="vcard"><a class="url fn" lang=tr href="http://tantek.com/">
Tantek Çelik</a>
<<span class="email">tantek @cs.stanford.edu</span>></dd>
<dd class="vcard"><a class="url fn" lang=en href="http://ian.hixie.ch/">
Ian Hickson</a>
<<span class="email">ian @hixie.ch</span>></dd>
<dd class="vcard"><a class="url fn n" lang=no href="http://people.opera.com/howcome/">
<span class="given-name">Håkon</span> <span class="additional-name">Wium</span> <span class="family-name">Lie</span></a>
<<span class="email">howcome @opera.com</span>></dd>
</dl>
<p>Please refer to the <a
href="_THE_UPDATE_DIR_/_THE_ID_-errata.html"><strong>
errata</strong></a> for this document.
<p>This document is also available in these non-normative formats:
<a href="css2.txt">plain text</a>,
<a href="css2.tgz">gzip'ed tar file</a>,
<a href="css2.zip">zip file</a>,
<a href="css2.ps.gz">gzip'ed PostScript</a>,
<a href="css2.pdf">PDF</a>.
See also <a
href="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/Translations/Query?titleMatch=CSS;lang=any;search1=Submit"><strong>
translations</strong></a>.
<p class="copyright"><a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">
Copyright</a> © _THE_YEAR_ <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><acronym
title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym></a><sup>®</sup>
(<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><acronym title="Massachusetts
Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym></a>, <a
href="http://www.ercim.org/"><acronym title="European Research
Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym></a>, <a
href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">
liability</a>, <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">
trademark</a> and <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">
document use</a> rules apply.
<hr title="Separator from Header">
</div>
<h2 id=abstract>Abstract</h2>
<p>This specification defines Cascading Style Sheets, level 2
revision 1 (CSS 2.1). CSS 2.1 is a style sheet language
that allows
authors and users to attach style (e.g., fonts and spacing) to
structured documents (e.g., HTML documents and XML
applications). By separating the presentation style of documents from
the content of documents, CSS 2.1 simplifies Web authoring and
site maintenance.
<P>CSS 2.1 builds on CSS2 [[-CSS2]] which builds on CSS1 [[-CSS1]].
It supports media-specific style sheets so that authors may tailor the
presentation of their documents to visual browsers, aural devices,
printers, braille devices, handheld devices, etc. It also supports
content positioning, table layout, features for internationalization
and some properties related to user interface.
<p>CSS 2.1 corrects a few errors in CSS2 (the most important
being a new definition of the height/width of absolutely positioned
elements, more influence for HTML's "style" attribute and a new
calculation of the 'clip' property), and adds a few highly requested
features which have already been widely implemented.
But most of all CSS 2.1
represents a "snapshot" of CSS usage: it consists of all CSS features
that are implemented interoperably at the date of publication of the Recommendation.
<p>CSS 2.1 is derived from and is intended to replace CSS2. Some
parts of CSS2 are unchanged in CSS 2.1, some parts have been
altered, and some parts removed. The removed portions may be used in a
future CSS3 specification. Future specs should refer to CSS 2.1
(unless they need features from CSS2 which have been dropped in
CSS 2.1, and then they should only reference CSS2 for those
features, or preferably reference such feature(s) in the respective
CSS3 Module that includes those feature(s)).
<h2 id=status>Status of this document</h2>
<p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time
of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A
list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this
technical report can be found in the <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">W3C technical reports index at
http://www.w3.org/TR/.</a></em></p>
<p>This document has been reviewed by W3C Members, by software
developers, and by other W3C groups and interested parties, and is
endorsed by the Director as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stable
document and may be used as reference material or cited from another
document. W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to draw attention
to the specification and to promote its widespread deployment. This
enhances the functionality and interoperability of the Web.</p>
<p>The (<a
href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/">archived</a>)
public mailing list <a
href="mailto:www-style@w3.org">www-style@w3.org</a> (see <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Mail/Request">instructions</a>) is preferred
for discussion of this specification. When sending e-mail, please put
the text “CSS21” in the subject, preferably like
this: “[CSS21] <em>…summary of
comment…</em>”</p>
<p>This document was produced by the <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/members">CSS Working Group</a> (part
of the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Style/">Style Activity</a>).
<p>This document was produced by a group operating under
the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 W3C
Patent Policy</a>. W3C maintains a <a rel="disclosure"
href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/32061/status">public list of any
patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the
group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent.
An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the
individual believes
contains <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential
Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance
with <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of
the W3C Patent Policy</a>.</p>
<p>The Working Group has created a <a href="/Style/CSS/Test/">test
suite</a> and
an <a href="/Style/CSS/Test/CSS2.1/20110323/reports/">implementation
report.</a>
<p>All changes since the previous Working Draft, the previous
Candidate Recommendation and the previous Recommendation are listed
in <a href="changes.html">appendix C.</a>
_THE_WARNING_
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