csswg-drafts/css2/cover.html at 133da9dd27d0432a3603404a7633beff990f2612 · w3c/csswg-drafts · GitHub

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">

<html lang="en">

<title>Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 2 (CSS&nbsp;2.2) Specification</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style/default.css" type="text/css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2016/W3C-ED.css" type="text/css">
<link rel="next" href="about.html">
<link rel="contents" href="cover.html#minitoc">
<link rel="CSS-properties" href="propidx.html" title="properties">
<link rel="index" href="indexlist.html" title="index">
<link rel="first" href="cover.html">
<script type="text/javascript" src="//www.w3.org/scripts/TR/2016/fixup.js"></script>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
<!--script src="http://www.w3c-test.org/css/harness/annotate.js#CSS22_DEV" type="text/javascript" defer></script-->

<body>
<div class="navbar">
<p><a href="about.html">next</a> &nbsp;
<a href="cover.html#minitoc">contents</a> &nbsp;
<a href="propidx.html">properties</a> &nbsp;
<a href="indexlist.html">index</a> &nbsp;
</div>
<hr class="navbar">

<div class="head">
  <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48"
    src="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2016/logos/W3C" width="72"></a>

  <h1 id="title">Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 2 (CSS&nbsp;2.2) Specification</h1>
  <h2 id="W3C-doctype">W3C Editors' Draft 29 March 2016</h2>

  <dl>
  <dt>This version:
  <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2016/ED-CSS22-20160329/">
               http://www.w3.org/TR/2016/ED-CSS22-20160329/</a>
  <dt>Latest version:
  <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS22/">
               http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS22/</a>
  <dt>Latest CSS level&nbsp;2:
  <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/">
               http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/</a>
  <dt>Latest CSS:
  <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS/">
               http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS/</a>
  <!--
  <dt>Previous versions:
  <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR//WD-CSS22-/">
               http://www.w3.org/TR//WD-CSS22-/</a>
  <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-CSS2-20110607/">
               http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-CSS2-20110607/</a>
  -->
  <dt>Editors' draft:
  <dd><a href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/">
               http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/</a>
  <dt>Editors:
  <dd class="vcard"><a class="url fn" lang=nl href="http://www.w3.org/People/Bos/">
               Bert Bos</a>
            &lt;<span class="email">bert&nbsp;@w3.org</span>&gt;</dd>
  <dt>Former editors:
  <dd class="vcard"><a class="url fn" lang=tr href="http://tantek.com/">
               Tantek &Ccedil;elik</a>
            &lt;<span class="email">tantek&nbsp;@cs.stanford.edu</span>&gt;</dd>
  <dd class="vcard"><a class="url fn" lang=en href="http://ian.hixie.ch/">
               Ian Hickson</a>
               &lt;<span class="email">ian&nbsp;@hixie.ch</span>&gt;</dd>
  <dd class="vcard"><a class="url fn n" lang=no href="http://people.opera.com/howcome/">
<span class="given-name">H&aring;kon</span> <span class="additional-name">Wium</span> <span class="family-name">Lie</span></a>
               &lt;<span class="email">howcome&nbsp;@opera.com</span>&gt;</dd>
  <dd class="vcard"><a class="url fn" href="http://www.w3.org/People/chris/">
               Chris Lilley</a>
               &lt;<span class="email">chris&nbsp;@w3.org</span>&gt;</dd>
  <dd class="vcard"><a class="url fn" href="http://www.w3.org/People/Jacobs/">
               Ian Jacobs</a>
               &lt;<span class="email">ij&nbsp;@w3.org</span></dd>
  </dl>

  <!--
  <p>Please refer to the <a
  href="http://www.w3.org/Style/css2-updates/ED-CSS22-20160329-errata.html"><strong>
  errata</strong></a> for this document.
  -->

  <p>This document is also available in these non-normative formats:
  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2016/ED-CSS22-20160329//css2.txt">plain text</a>,
  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2016/ED-CSS22-20160329//css2.tgz">gzip'ed tar file</a>,
  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2016/ED-CSS22-20160329//css2.zip">zip file</a>,
  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2016/ED-CSS22-20160329//css2.ps.gz">gzip'ed PostScript</a>,
  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2016/ED-CSS22-20160329//css2.pdf">PDF</a>.
  See also <a
  href="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/Translations/Query?titleMatch=CSS;lang=any;search1=Submit"><strong>
  translations</strong></a>.

  <p class="copyright"><a rel="license"
  href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright"
  >Copyright</a> &copy; 2016 <a href="http://www.w3.org/" ><abbr
  title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>&reg;</sup> (<a
  href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/" ><abbr title="Massachusetts
  Institute of Technology" >MIT</abbr></a>, <a
  href="http://www.ercim.eu/" ><abbr title="European Research
  Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics" >ERCIM</abbr></a>, <a
  href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/" >Keio</a>, <a
  href="http://ev.buaa.edu.cn/" >Beihang</a>). W3C <a
  href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer"
  >liability</a>, <a
  href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks"
  >trademark</a> and <a
  href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents"
  >document use</a> rules apply.

  <hr title="Separator from Header">
</div>

<h2 id=abstract>Abstract</h2>

<p>This specification defines Cascading Style Sheets level&nbsp;2. CSS
is a style sheet language
that allows
authors and users to attach style (e.g., fonts and spacing) to
structured documents (e.g., HTML documents and XML
applications). By separating the presentation style of documents from
the content of documents, CSS simplifies Web authoring and
site maintenance.

<P>CSS&nbsp;2.2 is the second revision of CSS level&nbsp;2 <a href="refs.html#ref-CSS2" rel="biblioentry" class="noxref"><span class="informref">[CSS2]</span></a>. It
corrects a few errors in CSS&nbsp;2.1, the first revision of CSS
level&nbsp;2.
It is <strong>not</strong> the latest version of CSS. See the "CSS Snapshot"
<a href="refs.html#ref-CSS" rel="biblioentry" class="noxref"><span class="informref">[CSS]</span></a> for an overview of specifications that make up the whole of
CSS.

<p>CSS level&nbsp;2 supports media-specific style sheets so that
authors may tailor the
presentation of their documents to visual browsers, aural devices,
printers, braille devices, handheld devices, etc. It also supports
content positioning, table layout, features for internationalization
and some properties related to user interface.

<h2 id=status>Status of this document</h2>

<p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time
of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A
list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this
technical report can be found in the <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">W3C technical reports index at
http://www.w3.org/TR/.</a></em></p>

<p>This is a copy of the editors' draft for the next revision of the
Recommendation. It is used by the working group as an aid in checking
the text of the errata. It is <em>not</em> an official Working Draft.

<!--
<p>Publication as a First Public Working Draft does not imply endorsement
<
13CC
div>by the W3C Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated,
replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is
inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in
progress.</p>
-->

<p>This document was produced by the <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/members">CSS Working Group</a> (part
of the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Style/">Style Activity</a>).

<p>The (<a
href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/">archived</a>)
public mailing list <a
href="mailto:www-style@w3.org">www-style@w3.org</a> (see <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Mail/Request">instructions</a>) is preferred
for discussion of this specification. When sending e-mail, please put
the text &#8220;CSS22&#8221; in the subject, preferably like
this: &#8220;[CSS22] <em>&hellip;summary of
comme
F7F4
nt&hellip;</em>&#8221;</p>

<p>This document was produced by a group operating under
the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 W3C
Patent Policy</a>. W3C maintains a <a rel="disclosure"
href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/32061/status">public list of any
patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the
group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent.
An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the
individual believes
contains <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential
Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance
with <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of
the W3C Patent Policy</a>.</p>

<p>This document is governed by the <a id="w3c_process_revision"
href="http://www.w3.org/2015/Process-20150901/" >1 September 2015 W3C
Process Document</a>.</p>

<!--
<p>The Working Group has created a <a href="/Style/CSS/Test/">test
suite</a> and
an <a href="/Style/CSS/Test/CSS2.2/??/reports/">implementation
report.</a>
-->

<p>All changes since <!-- the previous Working Draft, the previous
Candidate Recommendation and --> the previous Recommendation are listed
in <a href="changes.html">appendix&nbsp;C.</a>


<!--NewPage--><!-- this is for html2ps -->
<div id="toc">
<h2 id="minitoc">Table of Contents</h2>
<ul class="toc">
  <li><a href="about.html" class="tocxref">1 About the CSS&nbsp;2.2 Specification</a>
  <li><a href="intro.html" class="tocxref">2 Introduction to CSS&nbsp;2.2</a>
  <li><a href="conform.html" class="tocxref">3 Conformance: Requirements and Recommendations</a>
  <li><a href="syndata.html" class="tocxref">4 Syntax and basic data types</a>
  <li><a href="selector.html" class="tocxref">5 Selectors</a>
  <li><a href="cascade.html" class="tocxref">6 Assigning property values, Cascading, and Inheritance</a>
  <li><a href="media.html" class="tocxref">7 Media types</a>
  <li><a href="box.html" class="tocxref">8 Box model</a>
  <li><a href="visuren.html" class="tocxref">9 Visual formatting model</a>
  <li><a href="visudet.html" class="tocxref">10 Visual formatting model details</a>
  <li><a href="visufx.html" class="tocxref">11 Visual effects</a>
  <li><a href="generate.html" class="tocxref">12 Generated <span class="index-def" title="generated content">content</span>, automatic <span class="index-def" title="automatic numbering">numbering</span>, and lists</a>
  <li><a href="page.html" class="tocxref">13 Paged media</a>
  <li><a href="colors.html" class="tocxref">14 Colors and Backgrounds</a>
  <li><a href="fonts.html" class="tocxref">15 Fonts</a>
  <li><a href="text.html" class="tocxref">16 Text</a>
  <li><a href="tables.html" class="tocxref">17 Tables</a>
  <li><a href="ui.html" class="tocxref">18 User interface</a>
  <li><a href="aural.html" class="tocxref">Appendix A. Aural style sheets</a>
  <li><a href="refs.html" class="tocxref">Appendix B. Bibliography</a>
  <li><a href="changes.html" class="tocxref">Appendix C. Changes</a>
  <li><a href="sample.html" class="tocxref">Appendix D. Default style sheet for HTML 4</a>
  <li><a href="zindex.html" class="tocxref">Appendix E. Elaborate description of Stacking Contexts</a>
  <li><a href="propidx.html" class="tocxref">Appendix F. Full property table</a>
  <li><a href="grammar.html" class="tocxref">Appendix G. Grammar of CSS&nbsp;2.2</a>
  <li><a href="indexlist.html" class="tocxref">Appendix I. Index</a>
</ul>
</div>

<!--NewPage--><!-- this is for html2ps -->
<h2 id="fulltoc">Full Table of Contents</h2>
<ul class="toc">
  <li><a href="about.html" class="tocxref">1 About the CSS&nbsp;2.2 Specification</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a href="about.html#css2.2-v-css2" class="tocxref">1.1 CSS&nbsp;2.2 vs CSS&nbsp;2</a>
    <li><a href="about.html#reading" class="tocxref">1.2 Reading the specification</a>
    <li><a href="about.html#organization" class="tocxref">1.3 How the specification is organized</a>
    <li><a href="about.html#conventions" class="tocxref">1.4 Conventions</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="about.html#doc-language" class="tocxref">1.4.1 Document language elements and attributes</a>
      <li><a href="about.html#property-defs" class="tocxref">1.4.2 CSS property definitions</a>
      <ul class="toc">
        <li><a href="about.html#value-defs" class="tocxref">1.4.2.1 Value</a>
        <li><a href="about.html#initial-value" class="tocxref">1.4.2.2 Initial</a>
        <li><a href="about.html#applies-to" class="tocxref">1.4.2.3 Applies to</a>
        <li><a href="about.html#inherited-prop" class="tocxref">1.4.2.4 Inherited</a>
        <li><a href="about.html#percentage-wrt" class="tocxref">1.4.2.5 Percentage values</a>
        <li><a href="about.html#media-applies" class="tocxref">1.4.2.6 Media groups</a>
        <li><a href="about.html#computed-defs" class="tocxref">1.4.2.7 Computed value</a>
      </ul>
      <li><a href="about.html#shorthand" class="tocxref">1.4.3 Shorthand properties</a>
      <li><a href="about.html#notes-and-examples" class="tocxref">1.4.4 Notes and examples</a>
      <li><a href="about.html#images-and-longdesc" class="tocxref">1.4.5 Images and long descriptions</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="about.html#acknowledgements" class="tocxref">1.5 Acknowledgments</a>
  </ul>
  <li><a href="intro.html" class="tocxref">2 Introduction to CSS&nbsp;2.2</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a href="intro.html#html-tutorial" class="tocxref">2.1 A brief CSS&nbsp;2.2 tutorial for HTML</a>
    <li><a href="intro.html#xml-tutorial" class="tocxref">2.2 A brief CSS&nbsp;2.2 tutorial for XML</a>
    <li><a href="intro.html#processing-model" class="tocxref">2.3 The CSS&nbsp;2.2 processing model</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="intro.html#the-canvas" class="tocxref">2.3.1 The canvas</a>
      <li><a href="intro.html#addressing" class="tocxref">2.3.2 CSS&nbsp;2.2 addressing model</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="intro.html#design-principles" class="tocxref">2.4 CSS design principles</a>
  </ul>
  <li><a href="conform.html" class="tocxref">3 Conformance: Requirements and Recommendations</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a href="conform.html#defs" class="tocxref">3.1 Definitions</a>
    <li><a href="conform.html#conformance" class="tocxref">3.2 UA Conformance</a>
    <li><a href="conform.html#errors" class="tocxref">3.3 Error conditions</a>
    <li><a href="conform.html#text-css" class="tocxref">3.4 <span class="index-def" title="text/css">The text/css content type</span></a>
  </ul>
  <li><a href="syndata.html" class="tocxref">4 Syntax and basic data types</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a href="syndata.html#syntax" class="tocxref">4.1 Syntax</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="syndata.html#tokenization" class="tocxref">4.1.1 Tokenization</a>
      <li><a href="syndata.html#keywords" class="tocxref">4.1.2 Keywords</a>
      <ul class="toc">
        <li><a href="syndata.html#vendor-keywords" class="tocxref">4.1.2.1 Vendor-specific extensions</a>
        <li><a href="syndata.html#vendor-keyword-history" class="tocxref">4.1.2.2 Informative Historical Notes</a>
      </ul>
      <li><a href="syndata.html#characters" class="tocxref">4.1.3 Characters and case</a>
      <li><a href="syndata.html#statements" class="tocxref">4.1.4 Statements</a>
      <li><a href="syndata.html#at-rules" class="tocxref">4.1.5 <span class="index-def" title="at-rule"> At-rules</span></a>
      <li><a href="syndata.html#block" class="tocxref">4.1.6 Blocks</a>
      <li><a href="syndata.html#rule-sets" class="tocxref">4.1.7 Rule sets, declaration blocks, and selectors</a>
      <li><a href="syndata.html#declaration" class="tocxref">4.1.8 Declarations and properties</a>
      <li><a href="syndata.html#comments" class="tocxref">4.1.9 Comments</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="syndata.html#parsing-errors" class="tocxref">4.2 Rules for handling parsing errors</a>
    <li><a href="syndata.html#values" class="tocxref">4.3 Values</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="syndata.html#numbers" class="tocxref">4.3.1 Integers and real numbers</a>
      <li><a href="syndata.html#length-units" class="tocxref">4.3.2 Lengths</a>
      <li><a href="syndata.html#percentage-units" class="tocxref">4.3.3 Percentages</a>
      <li><a href="syndata.html#uri" class="tocxref">4.3.4 URLs and URIs</a>
      <li><a href="syndata.html#counter" class="tocxref">4.3.5 Counters</a>
      <li><a href="syndata.html#color-units" class="tocxref">4.3.6 Colors</a>
      <li><a href="syndata.html#strings" class="tocxref">4.3.7 Strings</a>
      <li><a href="syndata.html#unsupported-values" class="tocxref">4.3.8 Unsupported Values</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="syndata.html#charset" class="tocxref">4.4 CSS style sheet representation</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="syndata.html#escaping" class="tocxref">4.4.1 Referring to characters not represented in a character encoding</a>
    </ul>
  </ul>
  <li><a href="selector.html" class="tocxref">5 Selectors</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a href="selector.html#pattern-matching" class="tocxref">5.1 Pattern matching</a>
    <li><a href="selector.html#selector-syntax" class="tocxref">5.2 Selector syntax</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="selector.html#grouping" class="tocxref">5.2.1 Grouping</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="selector.html#universal-selector" class="tocxref">5.3 Universal selector</a>
    <li><a href="selector.html#type-selectors" class="tocxref">5.4 Type selectors</a>
    <li><a href="selector.html#descendant-selectors" class="tocxref">5.5 Descendant selectors</a>
    <li><a href="selector.html#child-selectors" class="tocxref">5.6 Child selectors</a>
    <li><a href="selector.html#adjacent-selectors" class="tocxref">5.7 Adjacent sibling selectors</a>
    <li><a href="selector.html#attribute-selectors" class="tocxref">5.8 Attribute selectors</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="selector.html#matching-attrs" class="tocxref">5.8.1 Matching attributes and attribute values</a>
      <li><a href="selector.html#default-attrs" class="tocxref">5.8.2 Default attribute values in DTDs</a>
      <li><a href="selector.html#class-html" class="tocxref">5.8.3 Class selectors</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="selector.html#id-selectors" class="tocxref">5.9 ID selectors</a>
    <li><a href="selector.html#pseudo-elements" class="tocxref">5.10 Pseudo-elements and pseudo-classes</a>
    <li><a href="selector.html#pseudo-class-selectors" class="tocxref">5.11 Pseudo-classes</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="selector.html#first-child" class="tocxref">5.11.1 :first-child pseudo-class</a>
      <li><a href="selector.html#link-pseudo-classes" class="tocxref">5.11.2 The link pseudo-classes: <span class="index-def" title="pseudo-classes:::link|:link|link (pseudo-class)">:link</span> and <span class="index-def" title="pseudo-classes:::visited|:visited|visited (pseudo-class)">:visited</span></a>
      <li><a href="selector.html#dynamic-pseudo-classes" class="tocxref">5.11.3 The dynamic pseudo-classes: <span class="index-def" title="pseudo-classes:::hover|:hover|hover (pseudo-class)">:hover</span>, <span class="index-def" title="pseudo-classes:::active|:active|active (pseudo-class)">:active</span>, and <span class="index-def" title="pseudo-classes:::focus|:focus|focus (pseudo-class)">:focus</span></a>
      <li><a href="selector.html#lang" class="tocxref">5.11.4 The language pseudo-class: <span class="index-def" title="pseudo-classes:::lang|:lang|lang (pseudo-class)">:lang</span></a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="selector.html#pseudo-element-selectors" class="tocxref">5.12 Pseudo-elements</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="selector.html#first-line-pseudo" class="tocxref">5.12.1 The <span class="index-def" title="pseudo-elements:::first-line|:first-line|first-line">:first-line</span> pseudo-element</a>
      <li><a href="selector.html#first-letter" class="tocxref">5.12.2 The <span class="index-def" title="pseudo-elements:::first-letter|:first-letter|first-letter">:first-letter</span> pseudo-element</a>
      <li><a href="selector.html#before-and-after" class="tocxref">5.12.3 The <span class="index-def" title="pseudo-elements:::before|:before">:before</span> and <span class="index-def" title="pseudo-elements:::after|:after">:after</span> pseudo-elements</a>
    </ul>
  </ul>
  <li><a href="cascade.html" class="tocxref">6 Assigning property values, Cascading, and Inheritance</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a href="cascade.html#value-stages" class="tocxref">6.1 Specified, computed, and actual values</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="cascade.html#specified-value" class="tocxref">6.1.1 <span class="index-def" title="specified value"> Specified values</span></a>
      <li><a href="cascade.html#computed-value" class="tocxref">6.1.2 <span class="index-def" title="computed value"> Computed values</span></a>
      <li><a href="cascade.html#used-value" class="tocxref">6.1.3 <span class="index-def" title="used value"> Used values</span></a>
      <li><a href="cascade.html#actual-value" class="tocxref">6.1.4 <span class="index-def" title="actual value"> Actual values</span></a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="cascade.html#inheritance" class="tocxref">6.2 Inheritance</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="cascade.html#value-def-inherit" class="tocxref">6.2.1 The <span class="index-def" title="inherit, definition of">'inherit'</span> value</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="cascade.html#at-import" class="tocxref">6.3 The @import rule</a>
    <li><a href="cascade.html#cascade" class="tocxref">6.4 The cascade</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="cascade.html#cascading-order" class="tocxref">6.4.1 Cascading order</a>

13CC
      <li><a href="cascade.html#important-rules" class="tocxref">6.4.2 !important rules</a>
      <li><a href="cascade.html#specificity" class="tocxref">6.4.3 Calculating a selector's specificity</a>
      <li><a href="cascade.html#preshint" class="tocxref">6.4.4 Precedence of non-CSS presentational hints</a>
    </ul>
  </ul>
  <li><a href="media.html" class="tocxref">7 Media types</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a href="media.html#media-intro" class="tocxref">7.1 Introduction to media types</a>
    <li><a href="media.html#media-sheets" class="tocxref">7.2 Specifying media-dependent style sheets</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="media.html#at-media-rule" class="tocxref">7.2.1 The @media rule</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="media.html#media-types" class="tocxref">7.3 Recognized media types</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="media.html#media-groups" class="tocxref">7.3.1 Media groups</a>
    </ul>
  </ul>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a href="box.html#box-dimensions" class="tocxref">8.1 Box dimensions</a>
    <li><a href="box.html#mpb-examples" class="tocxref">8.2 Example of margins, padding, and borders</a>
    <li><a href="box.html#margin-properties" class="tocxref">8.3 Margin properties: <span class="propinst-margin-top">'margin-top'</span>,  <span class="propinst-margin-right">'margin-right'</span>,  <span class="propinst-margin-bottom">'margin-bottom'</span>, <span class="propinst-margin-left">'margin-left'</span>, and <span class="propinst-margin">'margin'</span></a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="box.html#collapsing-margins" class="tocxref">8.3.1 Collapsing margins</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="box.html#padding-properties" class="tocxref">8.4 Padding properties: <span class="propinst-padding-top">'padding-top'</span>, <span class="propinst-padding-right">'padding-right'</span>, <span class="propinst-padding-bottom">'padding-bottom'</span>, <span class="propinst-padding-left">'padding-left'</span>, and <span class="propinst-padding">'padding'</span></a>
    <li><a href="box.html#border-properties" class="tocxref">8.5 Border properties</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="box.html#border-width-properties" class="tocxref">8.5.1 Border width: <span class="propinst-border-top-width">'border-top-width'</span>, <span class="propinst-border-right-width">'border-right-width'</span>, <span class="propinst-border-bottom-width">'border-bottom-width'</span>, <span class="propinst-border-left-width">'border-left-width'</span>, and <span class="propinst-border-width">'border-width'</span></a>
      <li><a href="box.html#border-color-properties" class="tocxref">8.5.2 Border color: <span class="propinst-border-top-color">'border-top-color'</span>, <span class="propinst-border-right-color">'border-right-color'</span>, <span class="propinst-border-bottom-color">'border-bottom-color'</span>, <span class="propinst-border-left-color">'border-left-color'</span>, and <span class="propinst-border-color">'border-color'</span></a>
      <li><a href="box.html#border-style-properties" class="tocxref">8.5.3 Border style: <span class="propinst-border-top-style">'border-top-style'</span>, <span class="propinst-border-right-style">'border-right-style'</span>, <span class="propinst-border-bottom-style">'border-bottom-style'</span>, <span class="propinst-border-left-style">'border-left-style'</span>, and <span class="propinst-border-style">'border-style'</span></a>
      <li><a href="box.html#border-shorthand-properties" class="tocxref">8.5.4 Border shorthand properties: <span class="propinst-border-top">'border-top'</span>, <span class="propinst-border-right">'border-right'</span>, <span class="propinst-border-bottom">'border-bottom'</span>, <span class="propinst-border-left">'border-left'</span>, and <span class="propinst-border">'border'</span></a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="box.html#bidi-box-model" class="tocxref">8.6 The box model for inline elements in bidirectional context</a>
  </ul>
  <li><a href="visuren.html" class="tocxref">9 Visual formatting model</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a href="visuren.html#visual-model-intro" class="tocxref">9.1 Introduction to the visual formatting model</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="visuren.html#viewport" class="tocxref">9.1.1 The viewport</a>
      <li><a href="visuren.html#containing-block" class="tocxref">9.1.2 <span class="index-def" title="containing block"> Containing blocks</span></a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="visuren.html#box-gen" class="tocxref">9.2 Controlling box generation</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="visuren.html#block-boxes" class="tocxref">9.2.1 Block-level elements and block boxes</a>
      <ul class="toc">
        <li><a href="visuren.html#anonymous-block-level" class="tocxref">9.2.1.1 Anonymous block boxes</a>
      </ul>
      <li><a href="visuren.html#inline-boxes" class="tocxref">9.2.2 Inline-level elements and inline boxes</a>
      <ul class="toc">
        <li><a href="visuren.html#anonymous" class="tocxref">9.2.2.1 Anonymous inline boxes</a>
      </ul>
      <li><a href="visuren.html#run-in" class="tocxref">9.2.3 Run-in boxes</a>
      <li><a href="visuren.html#display-prop" class="tocxref">9.2.4 The <span class="propinst-display">'display'</span> property</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="visuren.html#positioning-scheme" class="tocxref">9.3 Positioning schemes</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="visuren.html#choose-position" class="tocxref">9.3.1 Choosing a positioning scheme: <span class="propinst-position">'position'</span> property</a>
      <li><a href="visuren.html#position-props" class="tocxref">9.3.2 Box offsets: <span class="propinst-top">'top'</span>, <span class="propinst-right">'right'</span>, <span class="propinst-bottom">'bottom'</span>, <span class="propinst-left">'left'</span></a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="visuren.html#normal-flow" class="tocxref">9.4 Normal flow</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="visuren.html#block-formatting" class="tocxref">9.4.1 Block formatting contexts</a>
      <li><a href="visuren.html#inline-formatting" class="tocxref">9.4.2 Inline formatting contexts</a>
      <li><a href="visuren.html#relative-positioning" class="tocxref">9.4.3 Relative positioning</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="visuren.html#floats" class="tocxref">9.5 Floats</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="visuren.html#float-position" class="tocxref">9.5.1 Positioning the float: the <span class="propinst-float">'float'</span> property</a>
      <li><a href="visuren.html#flow-control" class="tocxref">9.5.2 Controlling flow next to floats: the <span class="propinst-clear">'clear'</span> property</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="visuren.html#absolute-positioning" class="tocxref">9.6 Absolute positioning</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="visuren.html#fixed-positioning" class="tocxref">9.6.1 Fixed positioning</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="visuren.html#dis-pos-flo" class="tocxref">9.7 Relationships between 'display', 'position', and 'float'</a>
    <li><a href="visuren.html#comparison" class="tocxref">9.8 Comparison of normal flow, floats,   and absolute positioning</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="visuren.html#comp-normal-flow" class="tocxref">9.8.1 Normal flow</a>
      <li><a href="visuren.html#comp-relpos" class="tocxref">9.8.2 Relative positioning</a>
      <li><a href="visuren.html#comp-float" class="tocxref">9.8.3 Floating a box</a>
      <li><a href="visuren.html#comp-abspos" class="tocxref">9.8.4 Absolute positioning</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="visuren.html#layers" class="tocxref">9.9 Layered presentation</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="visuren.html#z-index" class="tocxref">9.9.1 Specifying the stack level: the <span class="propinst-z-index">'z-index'</span> property</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="visuren.html#direction" class="tocxref">9.10 Text direction: the <span class="propinst-direction">'direction'</span> and <span class="propinst-unicode-bidi">'unicode-bidi'</span> properties</a>
  </ul>
  <li><a href="visudet.html" class="tocxref">10 Visual formatting model details</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a href="visudet.html#containing-block-details" class="tocxref">10.1 Definition of "containing block"</a>
    <li><a href="visudet.html#the-width-property" class="tocxref">10.2 Content width: the <span class="propinst-width">'width'</span> prope
9EFE
rty</a>
    <li><a href="visudet.html#Computing_widths_and_margins" class="tocxref">10.3 Calculating widths and margins</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="visudet.html#inline-width" class="tocxref">10.3.1 Inline, non-replaced elements</a>
      <li><a href="visudet.html#inline-replaced-width" class="tocxref">10.3.2 Inline, replaced elements</a>
      <li><a href="visudet.html#blockwidth" class="tocxref">10.3.3 Block-level, non-replaced elements in normal flow</a>
      <li><a href="visudet.html#block-replaced-width" class="tocxref">10.3.4 Block-level, replaced elements in normal flow</a>
      <li><a href="visudet.html#float-width" class="tocxref">10.3.5 Floating, non-replaced elements</a>
      <li><a href="visudet.html#float-replaced-width" class="tocxref">10.3.6 Floating, replaced elements</a>
      <li><a href="visudet.html#abs-non-replaced-width" class="tocxref">10.3.7 Absolutely positioned, non-replaced elements</a>
      <li><a href="visudet.html#abs-replaced-width" class="tocxref">10.3.8 Absolutely positioned, replaced elements</a>
      <li><a href="visudet.html#inlineblock-width" class="tocxref">10.3.9 'Inline-block', non-replaced elements in normal flow</a>
      <li><a href="visudet.html#inlineblock-replaced-width" class="tocxref">10.3.10 'Inline-block', replaced elements in normal flow</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="visudet.html#min-max-widths" class="tocxref">10.4 Minimum and maximum widths: <span class="propinst-min-width">'min-width'</span> and <span class="propinst-max-width">'max-width'</span></a>
    <li><a href="visudet.html#the-height-property" class="tocxref">10.5 Content height: the <span class="propinst-height">'height'</span> property</a>
    <li><a href="visudet.html#Computing_heights_and_margins" class="tocxref">10.6 Calculating heights and margins</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="visudet.html#inline-non-replaced" class="tocxref">10.6.1 Inline, non-replaced elements</a>
      <li><a href="visudet.html#inline-replaced-height" class="tocxref">10.6.2 Inline replaced elements, block-level replaced elements in normal flow, 'inline-block' replaced elements in normal flow and floating replaced elements</a>
      <li><a href="visudet.html#normal-block" class="tocxref">10.6.3 Block-level non-replaced elements in normal flow when 'overflow' computes to 'visible'</a>
      <li><a href="visudet.html#abs-non-replaced-height" class="tocxref">10.6.4 Absolutely positioned, non-replaced elements</a>
      <li><a href="visudet.html#abs-replaced-height" class="tocxref">10.6.5 Absolutely positioned, replaced elements</a>
      <li><a href="visudet.html#block-root-margin" class="tocxref">10.6.6 Complicated cases</a>
      <li><a href="visudet.html#root-height" class="tocxref">10.6.7 'Auto' heights for block formatting context roots</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="visudet.html#min-max-heights" class="tocxref">10.7 Minimum and maximum heights: <span class="propinst-min-height">'min-height'</span> and <span class="propinst-max-height">'max-height'</span></a>
    <li><a href="visudet.html#line-height" class="tocxref">10.8 Line height calculations: the <span class="propinst-line-height">'line-height'</span> and <span class="propinst-vertical-align">'vertical-align'</span> properties</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="visudet.html#leading" class="tocxref">10.8.1 Leading and half-leading</a>
    </ul>
  </ul>
  <li><a href="visufx.html" class="tocxref">11 Visual effects</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a href="visufx.html#overflow-clipping" class="tocxref">11.1 Overflow and clipping</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="visufx.html#overflow" class="tocxref">11.1.1 Overflow: the <span class="propinst-overflow">'overflow'</span> property</a>
      <li><a href="visufx.html#clipping" class="tocxref">11.1.2 Clipping: the <span class="propinst-clip">'clip'</span> property</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="visufx.html#visibility" class="tocxref">11.2 Visibility: the <span class="propinst-visibility">'visibility'</span> property</a>
  </ul>
  <li><a href="generate.html" class="tocxref">12 Generated <span class="index-def" title="generated content">content</span>, automatic <span class="index-def" title="automatic numbering">numbering</span>, and lists</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a href="generate.html#before-after-content" class="tocxref">12.1 The <span class="index-def" title=":before|pseudo-elements:::before|before">:before</span> and <span class="index-def" title=":after|pseudo-elements:::after|after">:after</span> pseudo-elements</a>
    <li><a href="generate.html#content" class="tocxref">12.2 The <span class="propinst-content">'content'</span> property</a>
    <li><a href="generate.html#quotes" class="tocxref">12.3 Quotation marks</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="generate.html#quotes-specify" class="tocxref">12.3.1 Specifying quotes with the <span class="propinst-quotes">'quotes'</span> property</a>
      <li><a href="generate.html#quotes-insert" class="tocxref">12.3.2 Inserting quotes with the <span class="propinst-content">'content'</span> property</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="generate.html#counters" class="tocxref">12.4 Automatic <span class="index-def" title="counters">counters</span> and numbering</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="generate.html#scope" class="tocxref">12.4.1 Nested counters and scope</a>
      <li><a href="generate.html#counter-styles" class="tocxref">12.4.2 Counter styles</a>
      <li><a href="generate.html#undisplayed-counters" class="tocxref">12.4.3 Counters in elements with 'display: none'</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="generate.html#lists" class="tocxref">12.5 Lists</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="generate.html#list-style" class="tocxref">12.5.1 Lists: the <span class="propinst-list-style-type">'list-style-type'</span>, <span class="propinst-list-style-image">'list-style-image'</span>, <span class="propinst-list-style-position">'list-style-position'</span>, and <span class="propinst-list-style">'list-style'</span> properties</a>
    </ul>
  </ul>
  <li><a href="page.html" class="tocxref">13 Paged media</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a href="page.html#page-intro" class="tocxref">13.1 Introduction to paged media</a>
    <li><a href="page.html#page-box" class="tocxref">13.2 Page boxes: the @page rule</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="page.html#page-margins" class="tocxref">13.2.1 Page margins</a>
      <li><a href="page.html#page-selectors" class="tocxref">13.2.2 Page selectors: selecting left, right, and first pages</a>
      <li><a href="page.html#outside-page-box" class="tocxref">13.2.3 Content outside the page box</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="page.html#page-breaks" class="tocxref">13.3 Page breaks</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="page.html#page-break-props" class="tocxref">13.3.1 Page break properties: <span class="propinst-page-break-before">'page-break-before'</span>, <span class="propinst-page-break-after">'page-break-after'</span>, <span class="propinst-page-break-inside">'page-break-inside'</span></a>
      <li><a href="page.html#break-inside" class="tocxref">13.3.2 Breaks inside elements: <span class="propinst-orphans">'orphans'</span>, <span class="propinst-widows">'widows'</span></a>
      <li><a href="page.html#allowed-page-breaks" class="tocxref">13.3.3 Allowed page breaks</a>
      <li><a href="page.html#forced" class="tocxref">13.3.4 Forced page breaks</a>
      <li><a href="page.html#best-page-breaks" class="tocxref">13.3.5 "Best" page breaks</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="page.html#page-cascade" class="tocxref">13.4 Cascading in the page context</a>
  </ul>
  <li><a href="colors.html" class="tocxref">14 Colors and Backgrounds</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a href="colors.html#colors" class="tocxref">14.1 Foreground color: the <span class="propinst-color">'color'</span> property</a>
    <li><a href="colors.html#background" class="tocxref">14.2 The background</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="colors.html#background-properties" class="tocxref">14.2.1 Background properties: <span class="propinst-background-color">'background-color'</span>, <span class="propinst-background-image">'background-image'</span>, <span class="propinst-background-repeat">'background-repeat'</span>, <span class="propinst-background-attachment">'background-attachment'</span>, <span class="propinst-background-position">'background-position'</span>, and <span class="propinst-background">'background'</span></a>
    </ul>
  </ul>
  <li><a href="fonts.html" class="tocxref">15 Fonts</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a href="fonts.html#fonts-intro" class="tocxref">15.1 Introduction</a>
    <li><a href="fonts.html#algorithm" class="tocxref">15.2 Font matching algorithm</a>
    <li><a href="fonts.html#font-family-prop" class="tocxref">15.3 Font family: the <span class="propinst-font-family">'font-family'</span> property</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="fonts.html#generic-font-families" class="tocxref">15.3.1 Generic font families</a>
      <ul class="toc">
        <li><a href="fonts.html#serif-def" class="tocxref">15.3.1.1 <span class="index-def" title="serif, definition of"><dfn>serif</dfn></span></a>
        <li><a href="fonts.html#sans-serif-def" class="tocxref">15.3.1.2 <span class="index-def" title="sans-serif, definition of"> <dfn>sans-serif</dfn></span></a>
        <li><a href="fonts.html#cursive-def" class="tocxref">15.3.1.3 <span class="index-def" title="cursive, definition of"> <dfn>cursive</dfn></span></a>
        <li><a href="fonts.html#fantasy-def" class="tocxref">15.3.1.4 <span class="index-def" title="fantasy, definition of"> <dfn>fantasy</dfn></span></a>
        <li><a href="fonts.html#monospace-def" class="tocxref">15.3.1.5 <span class="index-def" title="monospace, definition of"> <dfn>monospace</dfn></span></a>
      </ul>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="fonts.html#font-styling" class="tocxref">15.4 Font styling: the <span class="propinst-font-style">'font-style'</span> property</a>
    <li><a href="fonts.html#small-caps" class="tocxref">15.5 Small-caps: the <span class="propinst-font-variant">'font-variant'</span> property</a>
    <li><a href="fonts.html#font-boldness" class="tocxref">15.6 Font boldness: the <span class="propinst-font-weight">'font-weight'</span> property</a>
    <li><a href="fonts.html#font-size-props" class="tocxref">15.7 Font size: the <span class="propinst-font-size">'font-size'</span> property</a>
    <li><a href="fonts.html#font-shorthand" class="tocxref">15.8 Shorthand font property: the <span class="propinst-font">'font'</span> property</a>
  </ul>
  <li><a href="text.html" class="tocxref">16 Text</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a href="text.html#indentation-prop" class="tocxref">16.1 Indentation: the <span class="propinst-text-indent">'text-indent'</span> property</a>
    <li><a href="text.html#alignment-prop" class="tocxref">16.2 Alignment: the <span class="propinst-text-align&
6CC2
quot;>'text-align'</span> property</a>
    <li><a href="text.html#decoration" class="tocxref">16.3 Decoration</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="text.html#lining-striking-props" class="tocxref">16.3.1 Underlining, overlining, striking, and blinking: the <span class="propinst-text-decoration">'text-decoration'</span> property</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="text.html#spacing-props" class="tocxref">16.4 Letter and word spacing: the <span class="propinst-letter-spacing">'letter-spacing'</span> and <span class="propinst-word-spacing">'word-spacing'</span> properties</a>
    <li><a href="text.html#caps-prop" class="tocxref">16.5 Capitalization: the <span class="propinst-text-transform">'text-transform'</span> property</a>
    <li><a href="text.html#white-space-prop" class="tocxref">16.6 White space: the <span class="propinst-white-space">'white-space'</span> property</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="text.html#white-space-model" class="tocxref">16.6.1 The 'white-space' processing model</a>
      <li><a href="text.html#egbidiwscollapse" class="tocxref">16.6.2 Example of bidirectionality with white space collapsing</a>
      <li><a href="text.html#ctrlchars" class="tocxref">16.6.3 Control and combining characters' details</a>
    </ul>
  </ul>
  <li><a href="tables.html" class="tocxref">17 Tables</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a href="tables.html#tables-intro" class="tocxref">17.1 Introduction to tables</a>
    <li><a href="tables.html#table-display" class="tocxref">17.2 The CSS table model</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="tables.html#anonymous-boxes" class="tocxref">17.2.1 Anonymous table objects</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="tables.html#columns" class="tocxref">17.3 Columns</a>
    <li><a href="tables.html#model" class="tocxref">17.4 Tables in the visual formatting model</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="tables.html#caption-position" class="tocxref">17.4.1 Caption position and alignment</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="tables.html#table-layout" class="tocxref">17.5 Visual layout of table contents</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="tables.html#table-layers" class="tocxref">17.5.1 Table layers and transparency</a>
      <li><a href="tables.html#width-layout" class="tocxref">17.5.2 Table width algorithms: the <span class="propinst-table-layout">'table-layout'</span> property</a>
      <ul class="toc">
        <li><a href="tables.html#fixed-table-layout" class="tocxref">17.5.2.1 Fixed table layout</a>
        <li><a href="tables.html#auto-table-layout" class="tocxref">17.5.2.2 Automatic table layout</a>
      </ul>
      <li><a href="tables.html#height-layout" class="tocxref">17.5.3 Table height algorithms</a>
      <li><a href="tables.html#column-alignment" class="tocxref">17.5.4 Horizontal alignment in a column</a>
      <li><a href="tables.html#dynamic-effects" class="tocxref">17.5.5 Dynamic row and column effects</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="tables.html#borders" class="tocxref">17.6 Borders</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="tables.html#separated-borders" class="tocxref">17.6.1 The separated borders model</a>
      <ul class="toc">
        <li><a href="tables.html#empty-cells" class="tocxref">17.6.1.1 Borders and Backgrounds around empty cells: the <span class="propinst-empty-cells">'empty-cells'</span> property</a>
      </ul>
      <li><a href="tables.html#collapsing-borders" class="tocxref">17.6.2 The collapsing border model</a>
      <ul class="toc">
        <li><a href="tables.html#border-conflict-resolution" class="tocxref">17.6.2.1 Border conflict resolution</a>
      </ul>
      <li><a href="tables.html#table-border-styles" class="tocxref">17.6.3 Border styles</a>
    </ul>
  </ul>
  <li><a href="ui.html" class="tocxref">18 User interface</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a href="ui.html#cursor-props" class="tocxref">18.1 Cursors: the <span class="propinst-cursor">'cursor'</span> property</a>
    <li><a href="ui.html#system-colors" class="tocxref">18.2 System Colors</a>
    <li><a href="ui.html#system-fonts" class="tocxref">18.3 User preferences for fonts</a>
    <li><a href="ui.html#dynamic-outlines" class="tocxref">18.4 Dynamic outlines: the <span class="index-def" title="outline">'outline'</span> property</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="ui.html#outline-focus" class="tocxref">18.4.1 Outlines and the focus</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="ui.html#magnification" class="tocxref">18.5 Magnification</a>
  </ul>
  <li><a href="aural.html" class="tocxref">Appendix A. Aural style sheets</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a href="aural.html#aural-media-group" class="tocxref">A.1 The media types 'aural' and 'speech'</a>
    <li><a href="aural.html#aural-intro" class="tocxref">A.2 Introduction to aural style sheets</a>
    <ul class="toc">
      <li><a href="aural.html#angles" class="tocxref">A.2.1 Angles</a>
      <li><a href="aural.html#times" class="tocxref">A.2.2 Times</a>
      <li><a href="aural.html#frequencies" class="tocxref">A.2.3 Frequencies</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="aural.html#volume-props" class="tocxref">A.3 Volume properties: <span class="propinst-volume">'volume'</span></a>
    <li><a href="aural.html#speaking-props" class="tocxref">A.4 Speaking properties: <span class="propinst-speak">'speak'</span></a>
    <li><a href="aural.html#pause-props" class="tocxref">A.5 Pause properties: <span class="propinst-pause-before">'pause-before'</span>, <span class="propinst-pause-after">'pause-after'</span>, and <span class="propinst-pause">'pause'</span></a>
    <li><a href="aural.html#cue-props" class="tocxref">A.6 Cue properties: <span class="propinst-cue-before">'cue-before'</span>, <span class="propinst-cue-after">'cue-after'</span>, and <span class="propinst-cue">'cue'</span></a>
    <li><a href="aural.html#mixing-props" class="tocxref">A.7 Mixing properties: <span class="propinst-play-during">'play-during'</span></a>
    <li><a href="aural.html#spatial-props" class="tocxref">A.8 Spatial properties: <span class="propinst-azimuth">'azimuth'</span> and <span class="propinst-elevation">'elevation'</span></a>
    <li><a href="aural.html#voice-char-props" class="tocxref">A.9 Voice characteristic properties: <span class="propinst-speech-rate">'speech-rate'</span>, <span class="propinst-voice-family">'voice-family'</span>, <span class="propinst-pitch">'pitch'</span>, <span class="propinst-pitch-range">'pitch-range'</span>, <span class="propinst-stress">'stress'</span>, and <span class="propinst-richness">'richness'</span></a>
    <li><a href="aural.html#speech-props" class="tocxref">A.10 Speech properties: <span class="propinst-speak-punctuation">'speak-punctuation'</span> and <span class="propinst-speak-numeral">'speak-numeral'</span></a>
    <li><a href="aural.html#aural-tables" class="tocxref">A.11 Audio rendering of tables</a>
      <li><a href="aural.html#speak-headers" class="tocxref">A.11.1 Speaking headers: the <span class="propinst-speak-header">'speak-header'</span> property</a>
    </ul>
    <li><a href="aural.html#sample" class="tocxref">A.12 Sample style sheet for HTML</a>
    <li><a href="aural.html#Emacspeak" class="tocxref">A.13 Emacspeak</a>
  </ul>
  <li><a href="refs.html" class="tocxref">Appendix B. Bibliography</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a href="refs.html#normative" class="tocxref">B.1 Normative references</a>
    <li><a href="refs.html#informative" class="tocxref">B.2 Informative references</a>
  </ul>
  <li><a href="changes.html" class="tocxref">Appendix C. Changes</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a href="changes.html#q1" class="tocxref">C.1 Changes since the Recommendation of 7 June 2011</a>
  </ul>
  <li><a href="sample.html" class="tocxref">Appendix D. Default style sheet for HTML 4</a>
  <li><a href="zindex.html" class="tocxref">Appendix E. Elaborate description of Stacking Contexts</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a href="zindex.html#stacking-defs" class="tocxref">E.1 Definitions</a>
    <li><a href="zindex.html#painting-order" class="tocxref">E.2 Painting order</a>
    <li><a href="zindex.html#stacking-notes" class="tocxref">E.3 Notes</a>
  </ul>
  <li><a href="propidx.html" class="tocxref">Appendix F. Full property table</a>
  <li><a href="grammar.html" class="tocxref">Appendix G. Grammar of CSS&nbsp;2.2</a>
  <ul class="toc">
    <li><a href="grammar.html#grammar" class="tocxref">G.1 Grammar</a>
    <li><a href="grammar.html#scanner" class="tocxref">G.2 Lexical scanner</a>
    <li><a href="grammar.html#tokenizer-diffs" class="tocxref">G.3 Comparison of tokenization in CSS&nbsp;2.2 and CSS1</a>
    <li><a href="grammar.html#q4" class="tocxref">G.4 Implementation note</a>
  </ul>
  <li><a href="indexlist.html" class="tocxref">Appendix I. Index</a>
</ul>

<hr class="navbar">

<div class="navbar">
<p><a href="about.html">next</a> &nbsp;
<a href="cover.html#minitoc">contents</a> &nbsp;
<a href="propidx.html">properties</a> &nbsp;
<a href="indexlist.html">index</a> &nbsp;
</div>
</body>
</html>
<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
Local variables:
mode: sgml
sgml-declaration:"~/SGML/HTML4.dcl"
sgml-default-doctype-name:"html"
sgml-minimize-attributes:t
sgml-nofill-elements:("pre" "style" "br")
sgml-live-element-indicator:t
End:
-->