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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">
<html lang=en>
<head profile="http://dublincore.org/documents/2008/08/04/dc-html/ ">
<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv=content-type>
<title>Proposals for the future of CSS Paged Media</title>
<link href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" rel=schema.dcterms>
<link href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright"
rel=dcterms.rights>
<meta content="Proposals for the future of CSS Paged Media"
name=dcterms.title>
<meta content=text name=dcterms.type>
<meta content=2013-03-07 name=dcterms.issued>
<meta content="Daniel Glazman" name=dcterms.creator>
<meta content=W3C name=dcterms.publisher>
<meta content="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/www-style/" name=dcterms.identifier>
<link href="../default.css" rel=stylesheet type="text/css">
<link href="https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-ED.css" rel=stylesheet
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<body class=h-entry>
<div>
<div class=head> <!--begin-logo-->
<p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt=W3C height=48
src="https://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width=72></a> <!--end-logo-->
<h1 class=p-name>Proposals for the future of CSS Paged Media</h1>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=w3c-working>Editor's Draft <span
class=dt-updated><span class=value-title title=20130307> 7 March
2013</span></span></h2>
<dl>
<dt>This version:
<dd><a class=u-url
href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css4-page/">http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css4-page/</a></dd>
<!-- <dd><a class="u-url" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/www-style/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-www-style-20130307</a></dd> -->
<dt>Latest version:
<dd><a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css4-page">http://www.w3.org/TR/css4-page</a>
<dt>Previous version:
<dd>--
<dt>Issue Tracking:
<dd>TBD <!-- or use the wiki:
<dd><a rel="issues" href="http://wiki.csswg.org/spec/css4-page" >http://wiki.csswg.org/spec/css4-page</a></dd>-->
<dt>Feedback:</dt>
<dd><a href="mailto:www-style@w3.org?subject=%5Bcss-page%5D%20feedback"
>www-style@w3.org</a>
with subject line “<kbd>[css-page]
<var>… message topic …</var></kbd>”
(<a rel="discussion" href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/"
>archives</a>)
<dt>Editor:
<dd>Daniel Glazman, Disruptive Innovations
</dl>
<!--begin-copyright-->
<p class=copyright><a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright"
rel=license>Copyright</a> © 2013 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><abbr
title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup> (<a
href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><abbr
title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>, <a
href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><abbr
title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>,
<a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>, <a
href="http://ev.buaa.edu.cn/">Beihang</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>,
<a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a>
and <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document
use</a> rules apply.</p>
<!--end-copyright--></div>
<hr title="Separator for header">
<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=abstract>Abstract</h2>
<p> <span class=p-summary> This module describes an extension of the page
model that partitions a flow into pages. It adds to Paged Media Level 3
features introduced by other modules like CSS Regions or CSS Exclusions
and Shapes: content flows, exclusions, more powerful headers and footers,
etc. It does not deprecate nor obsolete Paged Media Level 3 but is
designed to live gracefully with it.</span></p>
<!-- "Status of this document" -->
<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=status>Status of this Document</h2>
<!--begin-status-->
<p>This is a public copy of the editors' draft. It is provided for
discussion only and may change at any moment. Its publication here does
not imply endorsement of its contents by W3C. Don't cite this document
other than as work in progress.
<p>The (<a
href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/">archived</a>)
public mailing list <a
href="mailto:www-style@w3.org?Subject=%5Bwww-style%5D%20PUT%20SUBJECT%20HERE">
www-style@w3.org</a> (see <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Mail/Request">instructions</a>) is preferred for
discussion of this specification. When sending e-mail, please put the
text “www-style” in the subject, preferably like this:
“[<!---->www-style<!---->] <em>…summary of comment…</em>”
<p>This document was produced by the <a href="/Style/CSS/members">CSS
Working Group</a> (part of the <a href="/Style/">Style Activity</a>).
<p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a
href="/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 W3C Patent
Policy</a>. W3C maintains a <a href="/2004/01/pp-impl/32061/status"
rel=disclosure>public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in
connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes
instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual
knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a
href="/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential
Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a
href="/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of
the W3C Patent Policy</a>.</p>
<!--end-status-->
<nav id="toc">
<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=contents>Table of contents</h2>
<!--begin-toc-->
<ul class=toc>
<li><a href="#intro"><span class=secno>1. </span>Introduction</a>
<li><a href="#conformance"><span class=secno>2. </span>Conformance </a>
<li><a href="#the-css-3-page-model"><span class=secno>3. </span>The CSS 3
Page Model</a>
<li class=no-num><a href="#references">References</a>
<ul class=toc>
<li class=no-num><a href="#normative-references">Normative
References</a>
<li class=no-num><a href="#informative-references">Informative
References</a>
</ul>
</ul>
<!--end-toc-->
</nav> <!-- "Introduction" -->
<h2 id=intro><span class=secno>1. </span>Introduction</h2>
<p>Convergence between electronic books and Open Web Standards requires
new features related to pagination and page layouts. If CSS Paged Media
Level 3 paved the way, extension of its page model is now needed to
provide the industry with solutions more in line with the new usage modes
of Web Standards on one hand, better integrated with the state of the art
of CSS on the other.
<p>This module describes how other CSS modules like Regions, Grid Layout,
Exclusions and Shapes can enhance the page model for a better pagination
on the Web and on print.
<h2 id=conformance><span class=secno>2. </span>Conformance</h2>
<p>All of the text in this specification is normative except sections
explicitly marked as non-normative, examples, and notes. The keywords
"<em class=RFC2119>MUST</em>", "<em class=RFC2119>SHALL</em>", "<em
class=RFC2119>MUST NOT</em>", "<em class=RFC2119>SHALL NOT</em>", "<em
class=RFC2119>REQUIRED</em>", "<em class=RFC2119>SHOULD</em>", "<em
class=RFC2119>SHOULD NOT</em>", "<em class=RFC2119>RECOMMENDED</em>",
"<em class=RFC2119>MAY</em>", and "<em class=RFC2119>OPTIONAL</em>" when
used in this document are to be interpreted as described in <cite>RFC
2119</cite> <a href="#RFC2119"
rel=biblioentry>[RFC2119]<!--{{!RFC2119}}--></a>. However, for
readability, these words do not appear in all uppercase letters in this
specification.
<p>Examples in this specification are introduced with the words "for
example" or are set apart from the normative text with
<code>class="example"</code>, like this:
<div class=example>
<p>This is an example of an informative example.
</div>
<p>Informative notes begin with the word "Note" and are set apart from the
normative text with <code>class="note"</code>, like this:
<p class=note>Note, this is an informative note.
<h2 id=the-css-3-page-model><span class=secno>3. </span>The CSS 3 Page
Model</h2>
<p>This section is informative.
<p></p>
The current Page Model, as described in <cite>CSS3 Module: Paged Media
</cite><a href="#CSS3PAGE"
rel=biblioentry>[CSS3PAGE]<!--{{!CSS3PAGE}}--></a>, is the following one:
the printable area of a page, the <dfn id=page-box>page box</dfn>, is made
of one page box itself divided in four areas: <figure><img
alt="CSS 3 Paged Media's page model" src=PageBox.png>
<legend>The CSS3 Page Model</legend>
</figure>
<p>
<ol>
<li>the <dfn id=page-margin>page margin</dfn>; that area is itself
divided into 16 <dfn id=page-margin-boxes>page-margin boxes</dfn>
(@top-left-corner, @top-left, @top-center, etc. ) <figure><img
alt="CSS 3 page-margin boxes" src=RightMarginBoxes.png>
<legend>The 16 page-margin boxes<br>
(with highlight of 3 of them)<br>
</legend>
</figure>
<li>the <dfn id=page-border>page border</dfn>
<li>the <dfn id=page-padding>page padding</dfn>
<li>and finally the <dfn id=page-area>page area</dfn> containing the
boxes generated by the flow of the main contents of the document.
</ol>
<p>It's is possible to flow content, for instance page headers and footers
or footnotes, into a page-margin box using features introduced by the
<cite>CSS Generated Content for Paged Media Module </cite><a
href="#CSS3GCPM" rel=biblioentry>[CSS3GCPM]<!--{{!CSS3GCPM}}--></a>.
<p>It is also possible to define multiple page templates for a single
document using the <span class=css>@page</span> at-rule that allows to
select the first page, left pages, right pages or named pages of a
paginated flow.
<p>If this page model allowed the publishing industry to adopt HTML and
CSS as pivot formats, it starts showing its limits for the following
reasons:
<ul>
<li>the 16 page-margin boxes are an extension of the print features
offered by desktop browsers. Desktop browsers usually offer control over
6 page-margin boxes only. Only one desktop browser claims implementation
of the page model described above in the fourteen last years. The other
desktop browsers' control over the 6 page-margin boxes is then not
achieved through the cascade of CSS UA stylesheets.
<li>no editing environment available on the market and in particular
Wysiwyg text editor (for instance like Microsoft Word) implements such a
box model.
<li>it's not possible with the current model to position headers and
footers (for instance the HTML5 header and footer elements) arbitrarily
in the page area.
<li>the <span class=css>@page</span> at-rule currently allows nested
at-rules only for the definition of page-margin boxes. Similarly, the
set of CSS properties applicable to a page box is limited and it is
impossible in this model to use <cite>CSS Regions Module Level 3</cite>
<a href="#CSS3-REGIONS"
rel=biblioentry>[CSS3-REGIONS]<!--{{!CSS3-REGIONS}}--></a> to flow
content into a given predefined area of a page, exclude an area from the
page using <cite>CSS 3 Exclusions and Shapes Module</cite> <a
href="#CSS3-EXCLUSIONS"
rel=biblioentry>[CSS3-EXCLUSIONS]<!--{{!CSS3-EXCLUSIONS}}--></a>, lay
out the page area into a grid using <cite>CSS Grid Layout</cite> <a
href="#CSS3-GRID-LAYOUT"
rel=biblioentry>[CSS3-GRID-LAYOUT]<!--{{!CSS3-GRID-LAYOUT}}--></a> or
using <span class=css>@slot</span> rules that were discussed multiple
times by the CSS Working Group in the recent past. The successful
electronic book editing environment of Apple Inc., iBooks Author,
already allows <span class=css>@page</span> rules to specify arbitrary
slots, arbitrary exclusions and shapes, and extends the list of
applicable properties; most of its advanced layout capabilities are
based on these features.
<li>the <span class=css>@page</span> rule of <cite>CSS 2.1</cite> <a
href="#CSS21" rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a> is intended
for use on print media, not dynamic media. The spread of complex
HTML-based slideshows and electronic book viewers has shown that the
Page Model should also apply to screen media and alike.
<li>++TBD
</ul>
<ol></ol>
<div>
<h2 class=no-num id=references>References</h2>
<h3 class=no-num id=normative-references>Normative References</h3>
<!--begin-normative--> <!-- Sorted by label -->
<dl class=bibliography>
<dt
style="display: none"><!-- keeps the doc valid if the DL is empty -->
<!---->
<dt id=CSS21>[CSS21]
<dd>Bert Bos; et al. <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-CSS2-20110607/"><cite>Cascading
Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification.</cite></a> 7
June 2011. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-CSS2-20110607/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-CSS2-20110607/</a>
</dd>
<!---->
<dt id=CSS3-EXCLUSIONS>[CSS3-EXCLUSIONS]
<dd>Vincent Hardy; Rossen Atanassov; Alan Stearns. <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-css3-exclusions-20120503/"><cite>CSS
Exclusions and Shapes Module Level 3.</cite></a> 3 May 2012. W3C
Working Draft. (Work in progress.) URL: <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-css3-exclusions-20120503/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-css3-exclusions-20120503/</a>
</dd>
<!---->
<dt id=CSS3-GRID-LAYOUT>[CSS3-GRID-LAYOUT]
<dd>Alex Mogilevsky; et al. <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-css3-grid-layout-20121106/"><cite>CSS
Grid Layout.</cite></a> 6 November 2012. W3C Working Draft. (Work in
progress.) URL: <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-css3-grid-layout-20121106/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-css3-grid-layout-20121106/</a>
</dd>
<!---->
<dt id=CSS3-REGIONS>[CSS3-REGIONS]
<dd>Vincent Hardy; Alex Mogilevsky; Alan Stearns. <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-css3-regions-20120823/"><cite>CSS
Regions Module Level 3.</cite></a> 23 August 2012. W3C Working Draft.
(Work in progress.) URL: <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-css3-regions-20120823/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-css3-regions-20120823/</a>
</dd>
<!---->
<dt id=CSS3GCPM>[CSS3GCPM]
<dd>Håkon Wium Lie. <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-css3-gcpm-20111129/"><cite>CSS
Generated Content for Paged Media Module.</cite></a> 29 November 2011.
W3C Working Draft. (Work in progress.) URL: <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-css3-gcpm-20111129/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-css3-gcpm-20111129/</a>
</dd>
<!---->
<dt id=CSS3PAGE>[CSS3PAGE]
<dd>Håkon Wium Lie; Melinda Grant. <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-css3-page-20061010"><cite>CSS3
Module: Paged Media.</cite></a> 10 October 2006. W3C Working Draft.
(Work in progress.) URL: <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-css3-page-20061010">http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-css3-page-20061010</a>
</dd>
<!---->
<dt id=RFC2119>[RFC2119]
<dd>S. Bradner. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><cite>Key
words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</cite></a>
Internet RFC 2119. URL: <a
href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a>
</dd>
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<h3 class=no-num id=informative-references>Informative References</h3>
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style="display: none"><!-- keeps the doc valid if the DL is empty -->
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