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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Visual formatting model details</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style/default.css" type="text/css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-ED.css" type="text/css">
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<style type="text/css">
<ins>.current,.proposed,span.delcurrent,div.delcurrent { background:#feb }
ins.proposed,span.insproposed,li.insproposed,div.insproposed { background:#bfb }
del.
133E
proposed,span.delproposed { background:#fbb }
span.insproposed,li.insproposed,div.insproposed { text-decoration:underline }
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<p><a href="visuren.html">previous</a>
<a href="visufx.html">next</a>
<a href="cover.html#minitoc">contents</a>
<a href="propidx.html">properties</a>
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</div>
<hr class="navbar">
<h1><a name="q0">10 Visual formatting model details</a></h1>
<div class="subtoc">
<p><strong>Contents</strong>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline2"><a href="visudet.html#containing-block-details" class="tocxref">10.1 Definition of "containing block"</a>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="visudet.html#the-width-property" class="tocxref">10.2 Content width: the <span class="propinst-width">'width'</span> property</a>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="visudet.html#Computing_widths_and_margins" class="tocxref">10.3 <del>Computing</del><ins>Calculating</ins> widths and margins</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline3"><a href="visudet.html#inline-width" class="tocxref">10.3.1 Inline, non-replaced elements</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="visudet.html#inline-replaced-width" class="tocxref">10.3.2 Inline, replaced elements</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="visudet.html#blockwidth" class="tocxref">10.3.3 Block-level, non-replaced elements in normal flow</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="visudet.html#block-replaced-width" class="tocxref">10.3.4 Block-level, replaced elements in normal flow</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="visudet.html#float-width" class="tocxref">10.3.5 Floating, non-replaced elements</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="visudet.html#float-replaced-width" class="tocxref">10.3.6 Floating, replaced elements</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="visudet.html#abs-non-replaced-width" class="tocxref">10.3.7 Absolutely positioned, non-replaced elements</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="visudet.html#abs-replaced-width" class="tocxref">10.3.8 Absolutely positioned, replaced elements</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="visudet.html#inlineblock-width" class="tocxref"><ins>10.3.9 'Inline-block', non-replaced elements in normal flow</ins></a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="visudet.html#inlineblock-replaced-width" class="tocxref"><ins>10.3.10 'Inline-block', replaced elements in normal flow</ins></a>
</ul>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="visudet.html#min-max-widths" class="tocxref">10.4 Minimum and maximum widths: <span class="propinst-min-width">'min-width'</span> and <span class="propinst-max-width">'max-width'</span></a>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="visudet.html#the-height-property" class="tocxref">10.5 Content height: the <span class="propinst-height">'height'</span> property</a>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="visudet.html#Computing_heights_and_margins" class="tocxref">10.6 <del>Computing</del><ins>Calculating</ins> heights and margins</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline3"><a href="visudet.html#inline-non-replaced" class="tocxref">10.6.1 Inline, non-replaced elements</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="visudet.html#inline-replaced-height" class="tocxref">10.6.2 <del>Inline,</del><ins>Inline</ins> replaced <del>elements block-level,</del><ins>elements, block-level</ins> replaced elements in normal flow, <ins>'inline-block' replaced elements in normal flow</ins> and <del>floating,</del><ins>floating</ins> replaced elements</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="visudet.html#normal-block" class="tocxref">10.6.3 <del>Block-level,</del><ins>Block-level</ins> non-replaced elements in normal <del>flow, and floating, non-replaced elements</del><ins>flow when 'overflow' computes to 'visible'</ins></a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="visudet.html#abs-non-replaced-height" class="tocxref">10.6.4 Absolutely positioned, non-replaced elements</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="visudet.html#abs-replaced-height" class="tocxref">10.6.5 Absolutely positioned, replaced elements</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="visudet.html#block-root-margin" class="tocxref"><ins>10.6.6 Complicated cases</ins></a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="visudet.html#root-height" class="tocxref"><ins>10.6.7 'Auto' heights for block formatting context roots</ins></a>
</ul>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="visudet.html#min-max-heights" class="tocxref">10.7 Minimum and maximum heights: <span class="propinst-min-height">'min-height'</span> and <span class="propinst-max-height">'max-height'</span></a>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="visudet.html#line-height" class="tocxref">10.8 Line height calculations: the <span class="propinst-line-height">'line-height'</span> and <span class="propinst-vertical-align">'vertical-align'</span> properties</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline3"><a href="visudet.html#leading" class="tocxref">10.8.1 Leading and half-leading</a>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<h2>10.1 <a name="containing-block-details">Definition of "containing
block"</a></h2>
<p>The position and size of an element's box(es) are sometimes
<del>computed</del><ins>calculated</ins> relative to a certain rectangle, called the <dfn><a name="x0"><span
class="index-def" title="containing block">containing
block</span></a></dfn> of the element. The containing block of an element
is defined as follows:</p>
<ol>
<li>The containing block <del>(called the initial containing block)</del>in which the <a href="conform.html#root">root
element</a> lives is <del>chosen by</del><ins>a rectangle called</ins> the <dfn><a name="x1"><span
class="index-def" title="initial containing block|containing
block::initial"> <del>user agent.</del><ins>initial containing block</ins></span></a></dfn><ins>. For continuous
media, it has the dimensions of the</ins> <a
href="visuren.html#viewport"><ins>viewport</ins></a> <ins>and is anchored at the
canvas origin; it is the</ins> <a href="page.html#page-area"><ins>page area</ins></a>
<ins>for paged media. The 'direction' property of the initial
containing block is the same as for the root element.</ins>
</li>
<li>For other elements, <del>unless</del><ins>if</ins> the <del>element</del><ins>element's position</ins> is <del>absolutely positioned ,</del><ins>'relative' or 'static',</ins>
the containing block is formed by the content edge of the nearest
<del>block-level</del>ancestor <del>box.</del><ins>box that is a</ins> <a href="visuren.html#block-boxes"><ins>block
container</ins></a> <ins>or which establishes a formatting context.</ins>
</li>
<li>If the element has 'position: fixed', the containing block is
established by the <a href="visuren.html#viewport">viewport</a>
<del>.</del><ins>in the case of continuous media or the page area in the case of paged media.</ins>
</li>
<li>If the element has 'position: absolute', the containing block is
established by the nearest ancestor with a <a href="visuren.html#propdef-position" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-position">'position'</span></a> <del>other than 'static',</del><ins>of 'absolute', 'relative'
or 'fixed',</ins> in the following way:
<ol>
<li>In the case that the ancestor is <del>block-level,</del><ins>an inline element,</ins> the containing
block is <del>formed by</del><ins>the bounding box around</ins> the padding <del>edge</del><ins>boxes</ins> of the <del>ancestor. In</del><ins>first and</ins>
the <del>case</del><ins>last inline boxes
generated for</ins> that <ins>element. In CSS 2.1, if</ins> the <del>ancestor</del><ins>inline
element</ins> is <del>inline-level,</del><ins>split
across multiple lines,</ins> the containing block <del>depends on the 'direction' property of the ancestor: If the 'direction'</del>is <del>'ltr', the top and left of</del><ins>undefined.</ins>
</li>
<li><ins>Otherwise,</ins> the containing block
<del>are the top and left content edges of the first box generated by the ancestor, and the bottom and right are the bottom and right content edges of the last box of the ancestor. If the 'direction'</del>is <del>'rtl', the top and right are the top and right edges of the first box generated</del><ins>formed</ins> by the <a href="box.html#padding-edge"> <del>ancestor, and the bottom and left are the bottom and left content edges of the last box</del><ins>padding edge</ins></a> of
the ancestor.
</li>
</ol>
<p>If there is no such ancestor, the <del>content edge of the root element's box establishes</del><ins>containing block is</ins> the <ins>initial</ins>
containing block.
</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p><ins>In paged media, an absolutely positioned element is positioned
relative to its containing block ignoring any page breaks (as if the
document were continuous). The element may subsequently be broken over
several pages.</ins>
</p>
<p><ins>For absolutely positioned content that resolves to a position on a
page other than the page being laid out (the current page), or
resolves to a position on the current page which has already been
rendered for printing, printers may place the content</ins>
<ul>
<li><ins>on another location on the current page,</ins>
<li><ins>on a subsequent page, or</ins>
<li><ins>may omit it.</ins>
</ul>
<p class="note"><ins>Note that a
block-level element that is split over several pages may have a different
width on each page and that there may be device-specific limits.</ins>
</p>
<div class="example"><P style="display:none">Example(s):</P>
<p>With no positioning, the containing blocks (C.B.) in the
following document:</p>
<pre class="html-example">
<ins><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"></ins>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Illustration of containing blocks</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY id="body">
<DIV id="div1">
<P id="p1">This is text in the first paragraph...</P>
<P id="p2">This is text <EM id="em1"> in the
<STRONG id="strong1">second</STRONG> paragraph.</EM></P>
</DIV>
</BODY>
</HTML>
</pre>
<p>are established as follows:</p>
<table border="1">
<tr><th>For box generated by </th>
<td><strong>C.B. is established by</strong></td></tr>
<tr><td> <del>body</del><ins>html</ins></td><td>initial C.B. (UA-dependent)</td></tr>
<tr><td><ins>body</ins></td><td><ins>html</ins></td></tr>
<tr><td>div1</td><td>body</td></tr>
<tr><td>p1</td><td>div1</td></tr>
<tr><td>p2</td><td>div1</td></tr>
<tr><td>em1</td><td>p2</td></tr>
<tr><td>strong1</td><td>p2</td></tr>
</table>
<p>If we position "div1":</p>
<pre class="example">
#div1 { position: absolute; left: 50px; top: 50px }
</pre>
<p>its containing block is no longer "body"; it becomes
the initial containing block (since there are no
other positioned ancestor boxes).
</p>
<p>If we position "em1" as well:</p>
<pre class="example">
#div1 { position: absolute; left: 50px; top: 50px }
#em1 { position: absolute; left: 100px; top: 100px }
</pre>
<p>the table of containing blocks becomes:</p>
<table border="1">
<tr><th>For box generated by</th>
<td><strong>C.B. is established by</strong></td></tr>
<tr><td> <del>body</del><ins>html</ins></td><td>initial C.B. <ins>(UA-dependent)</ins></td></tr>
<tr><td><ins>body</ins></td><td><ins>html</ins></td></tr>
<tr><td>div1</td><td>initial C.B.</td></tr>
<tr><td>p1</td><td>div1</td></tr>
<tr><td>p2</td><td>div1</td></tr>
<tr><td>em1</td><td>div1</td></tr>
<tr><td>strong1</td><td>em1</td></tr>
</table>
<p>By positioning "em1", its containing block becomes
the nearest positioned ancestor box (i.e., that generated
by "div1").
</p>
</div>
<h2>10.2 <a name="the-width-property">Content width</a>: the <a href="visudet.html#propdef-width" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-width">'width'</span></a> property</h2>
<div class="propdef">
<dl><dt>
<span class="index-def" title="'width'"><a name="propdef-width" class="propdef-title"><strong>'width'</strong></a></span>
<dd>
<table class="propinfo" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Value:</em> <td><a href="syndata.html#value-def-length" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-length"><length></span></a> | <a href="syndata.html#value-def-percentage" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-percentage"><percentage></span></a> | auto | <a href="cascade.html#value-def-inherit" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-inherit">inherit</span></a>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Initial:</em> <td>auto
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Applies to:</em> <td>all elements but non-replaced inline elements, table rows, and row groups
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Inherited:</em> <td>no
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Percentages:</em> <td>refer to width of containing block
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Media:</em> <td><a href="media.html#visual-media-group" class="noxref">visual</a>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em><ins>Computed value:</ins></em><ins> </ins><td><ins>the percentage or 'auto' as specified or the absolute length</ins>
</table>
</dl>
</div>
<p> This property specifies the <a
href="box.html#content-width">content width</a> of <del>boxes generated by block-level and replaced elements.</del><ins>boxes.</ins>
</p>
<p>This property does not apply to non-replaced <a
href="visuren.html#inline-boxes"> <del>inline-level</del><ins>inline</ins></a> elements. The
<ins>content</ins> width
of a non-replaced inline element's boxes is that of the rendered
content within them (<em>before</em> any relative offset of
children). Recall that inline boxes flow into <a
href="visuren.html#line-box">line boxes</a>. The width of line boxes
is given by the their <a
href="visuren.html#containing-block">containing block</a>, but may be
shorted by the presence of <a href="visuren.html#floats">floats</a>.
</p>
<p> <del>The width of a replaced element's box is intrinsic and may be scaled by the user agent if the value of this property is different than 'auto'.</del>Values have the following meanings:</p>
<dl>
<dt><span class="index-inst" title="<length>"><a name="x4" href="syndata.html#value-def-length" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-length"><strong><length></strong></span></a></span>
</dt>
<dd>Specifies <ins>the width of the content area using</ins> a <del>fixed width.</del><ins>length unit.</ins>
</dd>
<dt><span class="index-inst" title="<percentage>"><a name="x5" href="syndata.html#value-def-percentage" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-percentage"><strong><percentage></strong></span></a></span>
</dt>
<dd>Specifies a percentage width. The percentage is calculated
with respect to the width of the generated box's
<a href="visuren.html#containing-block">containing block</a>.
<ins>If the containing block's width depends on this element's width, then
the resulting layout is undefined in CSS 2.1.</ins>
<span class="note">
<ins>Note: For absolutely positioned elements whose containing block is
based on a block container element, the percentage is calculated with
respect to the width of the</ins> <em><ins>padding box</ins></em> <ins>of that element.
This is a change from CSS1, where the percentage width was always
calculated with respect to the</ins> <em><ins>content box</ins></em> <ins>of the parent
element.</ins>
</span>
</dd>
<dt><strong>auto</strong>
</dt>
<dd>The width depends on the values of other properties.
See the sections below.
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Negative values for <a href="visudet.html#propdef-width" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-width">'width'</span></a> are
illegal.
</p>
<div class="example"><P style="display:none">Example(s):</P><p>
For example, the following rule fixes the content width of paragraphs
at 100 pixels:</p>
<pre>
p { width: 100px }
</pre>
</div>
<h2>10.3 <a name="Computing_widths_and_margins"> <del>Computing</del><ins>Calculating</ins> widths and
margins</a></h2>
<p>The <del>computed</del>values of an element's <a href="visudet.html#propdef-width" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-width">'width'</span></a>, <a href="box.html#propdef-margin-left" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-margin-left">'margin-left'</span></a>, <a href="box.html#propdef-margin-right" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-margin-right">'margin-right'</span></a>, <a href="visuren.html#propdef-left" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-left">'left'</span></a> and <a href="visuren.html#propdef-right" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-right">'right'</span></a> properties <ins>as used for layout</ins>
depend on the type of box generated and on each other. <ins>(The value used
for layout is sometimes referred to as the</ins> <a
href="cascade.html#usedValue"><ins>used value</ins></a><ins>.)</ins> In
principle, the <del>computed</del>values <ins>used</ins> are the same as the <del>specified</del><ins>computed</ins> values, with
'auto' replaced by some suitable value, <ins>and percentages calculated
based on the containing block,</ins> but there are exceptions. The following
situations need to be distinguished:</p>
<ol>
<li>inline, non-replaced elements</li>
<li>inline, replaced elements</li>
<li>block-level, non-replaced elements in normal flow</li>
<li>block-level, replaced elements in normal flow</li>
<li>floating, non-replaced elements</li>
<li>floating, replaced elements</li>
<li>absolutely positioned, non-replaced elements</li>
<li>absolutely positioned, replaced elements</li>
<li> <del>Points 1-6 include relative positioning. 10.3.1 Inline,</del><ins>'inline-block',</ins> non-replaced elements <ins>in normal flow</ins></li>
<li><ins>'inline-block', replaced elements in normal flow</ins></li>
</ol>
<p><ins>For Points 1-6 and 9-10,</ins> the <del>'width' property does not apply. A specified value</del><ins>values</ins> of <del>'auto' for</del>'left' <del>,</del><ins>and</ins> 'right' <ins>in the
case of relatively positioned elements are determined by the rules in</ins> <a
href="visuren.html#relative-positioning"><ins>section 9.4.3.</ins></a>
</p>
<p class=note><em><strong><ins>Note.</ins></strong> <ins>The used value of 'width'
calculated below is a tentative value, and may have to be calculated
multiple times, depending on</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-min-width" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-min-width"><ins>'min-width'</ins></span></a> <ins>and</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-max-width" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-max-width"><ins>'max-width'</ins></span></a>, <ins>see the section</ins> <a
href="#min-max-widths"><ins>Minimum and maximum widths</ins></a> <ins>below.</ins></em>
<h3><ins>10.3.1</ins> <a name="inline-width"><ins>Inline, non-replaced elements</ins></a></h3>
<p><ins>The</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-width" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-width"><ins>'width'</ins></span></a> <ins>property does not
apply. A computed value of 'auto' for</ins> <a href="box.html#propdef-margin-left" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-margin-left">'margin-left'</span></a> or <a href="box.html#propdef-margin-right" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-margin-right">'margin-right'</span></a> becomes a <del>computed</del><ins>used</ins>
value of '0'.
</p>
<h3>10.3.2 <a name="inline-replaced-width">Inline, replaced elements</a></h3>
<p>A <del>specified</del><ins>computed</ins> value of 'auto' for <a href="box.html#propdef-margin-left" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-margin-left"> <del>'left' , 'right' ,</de
9E70
l>'margin-left'</span></a> or <a href="box.html#propdef-margin-right" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-margin-right">'margin-right'</span></a> becomes a <del>computed</del><ins>used</ins>
value of '0'.
<p> <del>A specified value</del><ins>If</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-height" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-height"><ins>'height'</ins></span></a> <ins>and</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-width" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-width"><ins>'width'</ins></span></a> <ins>both have computed values</ins> of
'auto' <del>for 'width' gives</del><ins>and</ins> the <del>element's</del><ins>element also has an intrinsic width, then that</ins>
intrinsic width <del>as the computed value. 10.3.3 Block-level, non-replaced elements in normal flow If 'left' or 'right' are given as 'auto', their computed value</del>is <del>0. The following constraints must hold between</del>the <del>other properties: 'margin-left' + 'border-left-width' + 'padding-left' + 'width' + 'padding-right' + 'border-right-width' + 'margin-right' = width</del><ins>used value</ins> of <a href="visudet.html#propdef-width" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-width"> <del>containing block (If the border style is 'none', use '0' as the border width.)</del><ins>'width'</ins></span></a><ins>.</ins>
<p>If <a href="visudet.html#propdef-height" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-height"> <del>all</del><ins>'height'</ins></span></a> <ins>and</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-width" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-width"><ins>'width'</ins></span></a> <ins>both have computed values</ins> of
<ins>'auto' and</ins> the <del>above</del><ins>element has no intrinsic width, but does</ins> have <ins>an
intrinsic height and intrinsic ratio; or if</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-width" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-width"><ins>'width'</ins></span></a> <ins>has</ins> a <del>specified</del><ins>computed</ins> value <del>other than</del><ins>of</ins> 'auto',
<a href="visudet.html#propdef-height" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-height"> <del>the values are said to be "over-constrained"</del><ins>'height'</ins></span></a> <ins>has some other computed
value,</ins> and <del>one of</del>the <del>computed values will</del><ins>element does</ins> have <del>to be different from its specified value.</del><ins>an intrinsic ratio; then the used
value of</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-width" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-width"><ins>'width'</ins></span></a> <ins>is:</ins>
<blockquote><p><ins>(used height) * (intrinsic ratio)</ins></blockquote>
<p>If <ins>'height' and</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-width" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-width"><ins>'width'</ins></span></a> <ins>both
have computed values of 'auto' and</ins> the <del>'direction' property</del><ins>element</ins> has <ins>an intrinsic ratio
but no intrinsic height or width, then</ins> the <del>value 'ltr', the specified</del><ins>used</ins> value of <del>'margin-right'</del><ins>'width'</ins> is
<del>ignored and the value</del><ins>undefined in CSS 2.1.
However, it</ins> is <del>computed so</del><ins>suggested that, if the containing block's width
does not itself depend on the replaced element's width, then the used
value of 'width' is calculated from the constraint equation used for
block-level, non-replaced elements in normal flow.</ins>
<p><ins>Otherwise, if</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-width" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-width"><ins>'width'</ins></span></a> <ins>has a
computed value of 'auto', and the element has an intrinsic width, then
that intrinsic width is the used value of</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-width" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-width"><ins>'width'</ins></span></a><ins>.</ins>
<p><ins>Otherwise, if</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-width" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-width"><ins>'width'</ins></span></a> <ins>has a
computed value of 'auto', but none of the conditions above are met,
then the used value of</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-width" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-width"><ins>'width'</ins></span></a>
<ins>becomes 300px. If 300px is too wide to fit the device, UAs should use
the width of the largest rectangle that has a 2:1 ratio and fits the
device instead.</ins>
<h3><ins>10.3.3</ins> <a name="blockwidth"><ins>Block-level, non-replaced elements in normal
flow</ins></a></h3>
<p><ins>The following</ins> <a name="width-constraints"><ins>constraints</ins></a> <ins>must hold
among the used values of the other properties:</ins></p>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="box.html#propdef-margin-left" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-margin-left"><ins>'margin-left'</ins></span></a> <ins>+</ins> <a href="box.html#propdef-border-left-width" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-border-left-width"><ins>'border-left-width'</ins></span></a> <ins>+</ins> <a href="box.html#propdef-padding-left" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-padding-left"><ins>'padding-left'</ins></span></a> <ins>+</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-width" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-width"><ins>'width'</ins></span></a> <ins>+</ins> <a href="box.html#propdef-padding-right" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-padding-right"><ins>'padding-right'</ins></span></a> <ins>+</ins> <a href="box.html#propdef-border-right-width" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-border-right-width"><ins>'border-right-width'</ins></span></a> <ins>+</ins>
<a href="box.html#propdef-margin-right" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-margin-right"><ins>'margin-right'</ins></span></a> <ins>= width of</ins> <a
href="#containing-block-details"><ins>containing block</ins></a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p><ins>If 'width' is not 'auto' and 'border-left-width' + 'padding-left' +
'width' + 'padding-right' + 'border-right-width' (plus any of
'margin-left' or 'margin-right' that are not 'auto') is larger than
the width of the containing block, then any 'auto' values for
'margin-left' or 'margin-right' are, for the following rules, treated
as zero.</ins>
</p>
<p><ins>If
all of the above have a computed value other than 'auto', the values
are said to be "over-constrained" and one of the used values will
have to be different from its computed value. If the</ins> <a href="visuren.html#propdef-direction" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-direction"><ins>'direction'</ins></span></a>
<ins>property of the containing block has the value 'ltr', the specified
value of</ins> <a href="box.html#propdef-margin-right" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-margin-right"><ins>'margin-right'</ins></span></a> <ins>is ignored and the
value is calculated so</ins> as to make the equality true. If the value of
<a href="visuren.html#propdef-direction" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-direction">'direction'</span></a> is <del>'ltr',</del><ins>'rtl',</ins> this
happens to <a href="box.html#propdef-margin-left" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-margin-left">'margin-left'</span></a> instead.
</p>
<p>If there is exactly one value specified as 'auto', its <del>computed</del><ins>used</ins>
value follows from the equality.
</p>
<p>If <a href="visudet.html#propdef-width" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-width">'width'</span></a> is set to 'auto',
any other 'auto' values become '0' and <a href="visudet.html#propdef-width" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-width">'width'</span></a> follows from the resulting
equality.
</p>
<p>If both <a href="box.html#propdef-margin-left" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-margin-left">'margin-left'</span></a> and
<a href="box.html#propdef-margin-right" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-margin-right">'margin-right'</span></a> are 'auto',
their <del>computed</del><ins>used</ins> values are equal. <ins>This horizontally centers the element
with respect to the edges of the containing block.</ins>
</p>
<h3>10.3.4 <a name="block-replaced-width">Block-level, replaced elements in normal flow</a></h3>
<p> <del>If 'left' or 'right' are 'auto', their computed</del><ins>The used</ins> value <del>is 0. If</del><ins>of</ins>
<a href="visudet.html#propdef-width" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-width">'width'</span></a> is <del>specified</del><ins>determined</ins>
as <del>'auto', its value is the element's intrinsic width. If one of the margins is 'auto', its computed value is given by</del><ins>for</ins> <a href="#inline-replaced-width"><ins>inline replaced
elements</ins></a><ins>.
Then</ins> the <del>constraints above. Furthermore, if both margins are 'auto', their computed values</del><ins>rules</ins> <a href="#blockwidth"><ins>for non-replaced
block-level elements</ins></a> are <del>equal.</del><ins>applied to determine the margins.</ins>
</p>
<h3>10.3.5 <a name="float-width">Floating, non-replaced elements</a></h3>
<p>If <a href="box.html#propdef-margin-left" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-margin-left"> <del>'left' , 'right' , 'width' ,</del>'margin-left'</span></a>, or <a href="box.html#propdef-margin-right" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-margin-right">'margin-right'</span></a> are <del>specified</del><ins>computed</ins> as
'auto', their <del>computed</del><ins>used</ins> value is '0'.
</p>
<p><ins>If</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-width" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-width"><ins>'width'</ins></span></a> <ins>is computed as
'auto', the used value is the "shrink-to-fit" width.</ins>
</p>
<p><a name="shrink-to-fit-float"></a> <ins>Calculation of the shrink-to-fit
width is similar to calculating the width of a table cell using the
automatic table layout algorithm. Roughly: calculate the preferred
width by formatting the content without breaking lines other than
where explicit line breaks occur, and also calculate the preferred</ins>
<em><ins>minimum</ins></em> <ins>width, e.g., by trying all possible line breaks.
CSS 2.1 does
6D50
not define the exact algorithm. Thirdly, find the</ins>
<em><ins>available width</ins></em><ins>: in this case, this is the width of the
containing block minus the used values of 'margin-left',
'border-left-width', 'padding-left', 'padding-right',
'border-right-width', 'margin-right', and the widths of any relevant
scroll bars.</ins>
</p>
<p><ins>Then the shrink-to-fit width is: min(max(preferred minimum width,
available width), preferred width).</ins></p>
<h3>10.3.6 <a name="float-replaced-width">Floating, replaced elements</a></h3>
<p>If <a href="box.html#propdef-margin-left" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-margin-left"> <del>'left' , 'right' ,</del>'margin-left'</span></a> or <a href="box.html#propdef-margin-right" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-margin-right">'margin-right'</span></a> are <del>specified</del><ins>computed</ins> as
'auto', their <del>computed</del><ins>used</ins> value is '0'. <del>If 'width' is 'auto', its</del><ins>The used</ins> value <ins>of</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-width" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-width"><ins>'width'</ins></span></a> is <del>the element's intrinsic width.</del><ins>determined as for</ins> <a
href="#inline-replaced-width"><ins>inline replaced elements</ins></a><ins>.</ins>
</p>
<h3>10.3.7 <a name="abs-non-replaced-width">Absolutely positioned, non-replaced elements</a></h3>
<p> <del>The constraint that determines the computed values</del>For <del>these elements is: 'left' + 'margin-left' + 'border-left-width' + 'padding-left' + 'width' + 'padding-right' + 'border-right-width' + 'margin-right' + 'right' = width of containing block (If</del>the <del>border style is 'none', use '0' as</del><ins>purposes of this section and</ins> the <del>border width.)</del><ins>next,</ins> the <del>solution</del><ins>term</ins> <a
name=static-position><span class=index><ins>"static position"</ins></span></a>
<ins>(of an element) refers, roughly,</ins>
to <del>this constraint is reached through a number of substitutions</del><ins>the position an element would have had</ins> in the <del>following order: If 'left' has</del><ins>normal flow. More
precisely:</ins>
</p>
<ul>
<li>The <dfn> <del>value 'auto' while 'direction'</del><ins>static-position containing block</ins></dfn> is <del>'ltr', replace 'auto' with the distance from the left edge of</del>the containing
block <del>to the left margin edge</del>of a hypothetical box that would have been the first box of the
element if its <ins>specified</ins> <a href="visuren.html#propdef-position" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-position">'position'</span></a> <del>property</del><ins>value</ins> had been <del>'static'. (But rather than actually computing</del><ins>'static'
and its specified 'float' had been 'none'. (Note</ins> that <del>box, user agents are free</del><ins>due</ins> to <del>make</del><ins>the rules
in</ins> <a href="visuren.html#dis-pos-flo"><ins>section 9.7</ins></a> <ins>this
hypothetical calculation might require also assuming</ins> a <del>guess at</del><ins>different
computed value for 'display'.)</ins>
</li>
<li><ins>The static position for 'left' is the distance from the left edge
of the containing block to the left margin edge of a hypothetical box
that would have been the first box of the element if</ins> its <a href="visuren.html#propdef-position" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-position"> <del>probable position.)</del><ins>'position'</ins></span></a> <ins>property had been 'static'
and</ins> <a href="visuren.html#propdef-float" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-float"><ins>'float'</ins></span></a> <ins>had been 'none'.</ins> The
value is negative if the hypothetical
box is to the left of the containing block.
</li>
<li> <del>If 'right' has</del>The <del>value 'auto' while 'direction'</del><ins>static position for 'right'</ins> is <del>'rtl', replace 'auto' with</del>the distance from the right
edge of the containing block to the right margin edge of the same
hypothetical box as above. The value is positive if the hypothetical
box is to the left of the containing block's edge.
</li>
</ul>
<p> <del>If 'width'</del><ins>But rather than actually calculating the dimensions of that
hypothetical box, user agents are free to make a guess at its probable
position.</ins>
</p>
<p><ins>For the purposes of calculating the static position, the containing
block of fixed positioned elements</ins> is <del>'auto', replace any remaining 'auto'</del><ins>the initial containing block
instead of the viewport, and all scrollable boxes should be assumed to
be scrolled to their origin.</ins>
<p><ins>The constraint that determines the used values</ins> for <ins>these
elements is:</ins></p>
<blockquote>
<p>'left' <del>or</del><ins>+ 'margin-left' + 'border-left-width' + 'padding-left' + 'width'
+ 'padding-right' + 'border-right-width' + 'margin-right' +</ins> 'right' <del>with '0'.</del><ins>= width
of containing block</ins> </p>
</blockquote>
<p>If <del>'left' ,</del><ins>all three of 'left', 'width', and</ins> 'right' <del>or 'width'</del>are <del>(still) 'auto', replace</del><ins>'auto': First set</ins>
any 'auto' <del>on</del><ins>values for</ins> 'margin-left' <del>or</del><ins>and</ins> 'margin-right' <del>with '0'.</del><ins>to 0. Then, if
the 'direction' property of the element establishing the
static-position containing block is 'ltr' set 'left'
to the</ins> <a
href="#static-position"><ins>static position</ins></a> <ins>and apply rule number
three below; otherwise, set 'right' to the</ins> <a
href="#static-position"><ins>static position</ins></a> <ins>and apply rule number
one below.</ins></p>
<p><ins>If none of the three is 'auto':</ins> If <del>at this point</del>both 'margin-left' and
'margin-right' are <del>still</del>'auto', solve the
equation under the extra constraint that the two margins <del>must</del>get equal
<del>values. If at</del><ins>values, unless</ins> this <del>point there</del><ins>would make them negative, in which case when
direction of the containing block</ins> is <del>only</del><ins>'ltr' ('rtl'), set 'margin-left'
('margin-right') to zero
and solve for 'margin-right' ('margin-left'). If</ins> one <del>'auto' left,</del><ins>of
'margin-left' or 'margin-right' is 'auto',</ins> solve the equation for that
value. If <del>at this point</del>the values are over-constrained, ignore the value for <del>either</del>'left'
(in case <ins>the</ins> 'direction' <ins>property of the containing block</ins> is 'rtl') or
'right' (in case 'direction' is
'ltr') and solve for that value.</p>
<p> <del>10.3.8 Absolutely positioned, replaced elements This situation is similar</del><ins>Otherwise, set 'auto' values for 'margin-left' and 'margin-right'</ins>
to <ins>0, and pick</ins> the <del>previous one, except that the element has an intrinsic width. The sequence</del><ins>one</ins> of <del>substitutions is now: If</del><ins>the following six rules that applies.</ins></p>
<ol>
<li><ins>'left' and</ins> 'width' <ins>are 'auto' and 'right'</ins> is <ins>not</ins> 'auto', <del>substitute</del><ins>then</ins> the
<del>element's intrinsic width. If</del><ins>width is shrink-to-fit. Then solve for</ins> 'left'</li>
<li> <del>has the value</del><ins>'left' and 'right' are</ins> 'auto' <del>while 'direction'</del><ins>and 'width'</ins> is <del>'ltr', replace 'auto' with the distance from</del><ins>not 'auto', then if</ins>
the <del>left edge</del><ins>'direction' property</ins> of the <ins>element establishing the
static-position</ins> containing block <ins>is 'ltr' set 'left'</ins>
to the <a
href="#static-position"> <del>left margin edge of a hypothetical box that would have been the first box of the element if its 'position' property had been 'static'. (But rather than actually computing that box, user agents are free</del><ins>static position</ins></a><ins>, otherwise set 'right'</ins>
to <del>make a guess at its probable position.)</del>the <a href="#static-position"> <del>value is negative if the hypothetical box</del><ins>static position</ins></a><ins>. Then solve
for 'left' (if 'direction</ins> is <del>to the left of the containing block. If</del><ins>'rtl') or</ins> 'right' <del>has the value 'auto' while</del><ins>(if</ins> 'direction' is
<del>'rtl', replace</del><ins>'ltr').</ins></li>
<li><ins>'width' and 'right' are</ins> 'auto' <del>with the distance from the right edge of the containing block to the right margin edge of the same hypothetical box as above. The value</del><ins>and 'left'</ins> is <del>positive if</del><ins>not 'auto', then</ins> the
<del>hypothetical box</del><ins>width</ins> is <del>to the left of the containing block's edge. If 'left' or</del><ins>shrink-to-fit . Then solve for</ins> 'right'</li>
<li> <del>are</del><ins>'left' is</ins> 'auto', <del>replace any 'auto' on 'margin-left' or 'margin-right' with '0'. If at this point both 'margin-left'</del><ins>'width'</ins> and <del>'margin-right'</del><ins>'right'</ins> are <del>still</del><ins>not 'auto', then solve for
'left'</ins></li>
<li><ins>'width' is 'auto', 'left' and 'right' are not 'auto', then solve
for 'width'</ins></li>
<li><ins>'right' is 'auto', 'left' and 'width' are not 'auto', then solve
for 'right'</ins></li>
</ol>
<p><ins>Calculation of the shrink-to-fit width is similar to calculating
the width of a table cell using the automatic table layout algorithm.
Roughly: calculate the preferred width by formatting the content
without breaking lines other than where explicit line breaks occur,
and also calculate the preferred</ins> <em><ins>minimum</ins></em> <ins>width, e.g., by
trying all possible line breaks. CSS 2.1 does not define the
exact algorithm. Thirdly, calculate the</ins> <em><ins>available width</ins></em><ins>: this
is found by solving for 'width' after setting 'left' (in case 1) or
'right' (in case 3) to 0.</ins></p>
<p><ins>Then the shrink-to-fit width is: min(max(preferred minimum width, available
width), preferred width).</ins></p>
<h3><ins>10.3.8</ins> <a name="abs-replaced-width"><ins>Absolutely positioned, replaced elements</ins></a></h3>
<p><ins>In this case,</ins> <a href="#abs-non-replaced-width"><ins>section 10.3.7</ins></a>
<ins>applies up through and including the constraint equation, but the rest
of</ins> <a href="#abs-non-replaced-width"><ins>section 10.3.7</ins></a> <ins>is replaced by
the following rules:</ins>
<ol>
<li><ins>The used value of</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-width" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-width"><ins>'width'</ins></span></a> <ins>is
determined as for</ins> <a href="#inline-replaced-width"><ins>inline replaced
elements</ins></a><ins>.
If</ins> <a href="box.html#propdef-margin-left" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-margin-left"><ins>'margin-left'</ins></span></a> <ins>or</ins> <a href="box.html#propdef-margin-right" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-margin-right"><ins>'margin-right'</ins></span></a> <ins>is specified as
'auto' its used value is determined by the rules below.</ins>
</li>
<li><ins>If both</ins> <a href="visuren.html#propdef-left" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-left"><ins>'left'</ins></span></a> <ins>and</ins> <a href="visuren.html#propdef-right" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-right"><ins>'right'</ins></span></a> <ins>have the value 'auto', then if
the 'direction' property of the element establishing the
static-position containing block is 'ltr', set</ins> <a href="visuren.html#propdef-left" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-left"><ins>'left'</ins></span></a> <ins>to
the static position; else if 'direction' is 'rtl', set</ins> <a href="visuren.html#propdef-right" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-right"><ins>'right'</ins></span></a> <ins>to the static position.</ins>
</li>
<li><ins>If</ins> <a href="visuren.html#propdef-left" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-left"><ins>'left'</ins></span></a> <ins>or</ins> <a href="visuren.html#propdef-right" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-right"><ins>'right'</ins></span></a> <ins>are 'auto', replace any 'auto'
on</ins> <a href="box.html#propdef-margin-left" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-margin-left"><ins>'margin-left'</ins></span></a> <ins>or</ins> <a href="box.html#propdef-margin-right" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-margin-right"><ins>'margin-right'</ins></span></a> <ins>with '0'.</ins>
</li>
<li><ins>If at this point both</ins> <a href="box.html#propdef-margin-left" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-margin-left"><ins>'margin-left'</ins></span></a> <ins>and</ins> <a href="box.html#propdef-margin-right" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-margin-right"><ins>'margin-right'</ins></span></a> <ins>are still</ins> 'auto',
solve the equation under the extra constraint that the two margins
must get equal <del>values.</del><ins>values, unless this would make them negative, in which
case when the direction of the containing block is 'ltr' ('rtl'), set</ins>
<a href="box.html#propdef-margin-left" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-margin-left"><ins>'margin-left'</ins></span></a> <ins>(</ins><a href="box.html#propdef-margin-right" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-margin-right"><ins>'margin-right'</ins></span></a><ins>) to zero and solve
for</ins> <a href="box.html#propdef-margin-right" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-margin-right"><ins>'margin-right'</ins></span></a> <ins>(</ins><a href="box.html#propdef-margin-left" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-margin-left"><ins>'margin-left'</ins></span></a><ins>).</ins>
</li>
<li>If at this point there is <del>only one</del><ins>an</ins> 'auto' left, solve the equation
for that value.
</li>
<li>If at this point the values are over-constrained, ignore the value
for either <a href="visuren.html#propdef-left" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-left">'left'</span></a> (in case <ins>the</ins>
<a href="visuren.html#propdef-direction" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-direction">'direction'</span></a> <ins>property of the
containing block</ins> is 'rtl') or <a href="visuren.html#propde
1DDA
f-right" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-right">'right'</span></a> (in case <a href="visuren.html#propdef-direction" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-direction">'direction'</span></a> is 'ltr') and solve for
that value.
</li>
</ol>
<h3> <del>10.4 Minimum and maximum widths : 'min-width' and 'max-width' 'min-width' Value: <length> | <percentage> |</del><ins>10.3.9</ins> <a name="inlineblock-width"><ins>'Inline-block', non-replaced elements in normal flow</ins></a></h3>
<p><ins>If</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-width" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-width"><ins>'width'</ins></span></a> <ins>is 'auto', the
used value is the</ins> <a href="#shrink-to-fit-float"><ins>shrink-to-fit</ins></a>
<ins>width as for floating elements.</ins>
</p>
<p><ins>A computed value of 'auto' for</ins> <a href="box.html#propdef-margin-left" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-margin-left"><ins>'margin-left'</ins></span></a> <ins>or</ins> <a href="box.html#propdef-margin-right" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-margin-right"><ins>'margin-right'</ins></span></a> <ins>becomes a used
value of '0'.</ins>
</p>
<h3><ins>10.3.10</ins> <a name="inlineblock-replaced-width"><ins>'Inline-block', replaced elements in normal flow</ins></a></h3>
<p><ins>Exactly as</ins> <a href="#inline-replaced-width"><ins>inline replaced
elements.</ins></a>
</p>
<h2><ins>10.4</ins> <a name="min-max-widths"><ins>Minimum and maximum widths</ins></a><ins>:</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-min-width" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-min-width"><ins>'min-width'</ins></span></a> <ins>and</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-max-width" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-max-width"><ins>'max-width'</ins></span></a></h2>
<div class="propdef">
<dl><dt>
<span class="index-def" title="'min-width'"><a name="propdef-min-width" class="propdef-title"><strong><ins>'min-width'</ins></strong></a></span>
<dd>
<table class="propinfo" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em><ins>Value:</ins></em><ins> </ins><td><a href="syndata.html#value-def-length" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-length"><ins><length></ins></span></a> <ins>|</ins> <a href="syndata.html#value-def-percentage" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-percentage"><ins><percentage></ins></span></a> <ins>|</ins> <a href="cascade.html#value-def-inherit" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-inherit">inherit</span></a>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Initial:</em> <td> <del>UA dependent</del><ins>0</ins>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Applies to:</em> <td>all elements <del>except</del><ins>but</ins> non-replaced inline <del>elements and</del><ins>elements,</ins> table <del>elements</del><ins>rows, and row groups</ins>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Inherited:</em> <td>no
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Percentages:</em> <td>refer to width of containing block
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Media:</em> <td><a href="media.html#visual-media-group" class="noxref">visual</a>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em><ins>Computed value:</ins></em><ins> </ins><td><ins>the percentage as specified or the absolute length</ins>
</table>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="propdef">
<dl><dt>
<span class="index-def" title="'max-width'"><a name="propdef-max-width" class="propdef-title"><strong>'max-width'</strong></a></span>
<dd>
<table class="propinfo" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Value:</em> <td><a href="syndata.html#value-def-length" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-length"><length></span></a> | <a href="syndata.html#value-def-percentage" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-percentage"><percentage></span></a> | none | <a href="cascade.html#value-def-inherit" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-inherit">inherit</span></a>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Initial:</em> <td>none
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Applies to:</em> <td>all elements <del>except</del><ins>but</ins> non-replaced inline <del>elements and</del><ins>elements,</ins> table <del>elements</del><ins>rows, and row groups</ins>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Inherited:</em> <td>no
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Percentages:</em> <td>refer to width of containing block
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Media:</em> <td><a href="media.html#visual-media-group" class="noxref">visual</a>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em><ins>Computed value:</ins></em><ins> </ins><td><ins>the percentage as specified or the absolute length or 'none'</ins>
</table>
</dl>
</div>
<p>These two properties allow authors to constrain <del>box</del><ins>content</ins> widths to a
certain range. Values have the following meanings:</p>
<dl>
<dt><span class="index-inst" title="<length>"><a name="x8" href="syndata.html#value-def-length" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-length"><strong><length></strong></span></a></span>
</dt>
<dd>Specifies a fixed minimum or maximum <del>computed</del><ins>used</ins> width.
</dd>
<dt><span class="index-inst" title="<percentage>"><a name="x9" href="syndata.html#value-def-percentage" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-percentage"><strong><percentage></strong></span></a></span>
</dt>
<dd>Specifies a percentage for determining the <del>computed</del><ins>used</ins> value. The
percentage is calculated with respect to the width of the generated
box's <a href="visuren.html#containing-block">containing block</a>.
<ins>If the containing block's width is negative, the used value is
zero.
If the containing block's width depends on this element's width,
then the resulting layout is undefined in CSS 2.1.</ins>
</dd>
<dt><strong>none</strong>
</dt>
<dd>(Only on <a href="visudet.html#propdef-max-width" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-max-width">'max-width'</span></a>) No
limit on the width of the box.
</dd>
</dl>
<p><ins>Negative values for</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-min-width" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-min-width"><ins>'min-width'</ins></span></a> <ins>and</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-max-width" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-max-width"><ins>'max-width'</ins></span></a> <ins>are illegal.</ins>
</p>
<p><ins>In CSS 2.1, the effect of 'min-width' and 'max-width' on
tables, inline tables,
table cells, table columns, and column groups is undefined.</ins>
<p>The following algorithm describes how the two properties influence
the <a href="cascade.html#computed-value"> <del>computed</del><ins>used</ins> value</a>
of the <a href="visudet.html#propdef-width" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-width">'width'</span></a> property:</p>
<ol>
<li>The <ins>tentative used</ins> width is <del>computed</del><ins>calculated</ins> (without <a href="visudet.html#propdef-min-width" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-min-width">'min-width'</span></a> and <a href="visudet.html#propdef-max-width" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-max-width">'max-width'</span></a>) following the rules
under <a href="#Computing_widths_and_margins"> <del>"Computing</del><ins>"Calculating</ins> widths and
margins"</a> above.
</li>
<li>If the <del>computed value of 'min-width' is greater than the value of 'max-width' , 'max-width' is set to the value of 'min-width' . If the computed</del><ins>tentative used</ins> width is greater than <a href="visudet.html#propdef-max-width" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-max-width">'max-width'</span></a>, the rules <a
href="#Computing_widths_and_margins">above</a> are applied again, but
this time using the <ins>computed</ins> value of <a href="visudet.html#propdef-max-width" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-max-width">'max-width'</span></a> as the <del>specified</del><ins>computed</ins> value
for <a href="visudet.html#propdef-width" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-width">'width'</span></a>.
</li>
<li>If the <del>computed</del><ins>resulting</ins> width is smaller than <a href="visudet.html#propdef-min-width" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-min-width">'min-width'</span></a>, the rules <a
href="#Computing_widths_and_margins">above</a> are applied again, but
this time using the value of <a href="visudet.html#propdef-min-width" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-min-width">'min-width'</span></a> as the <del>specified</del><ins>computed</ins> value
for <a href="visudet.html#propdef-width" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-width">'width'</span></a>.
</li>
</ol>
<p class="note"><ins>These steps do not affect</ins> the <del>user agent may define a non-negative minimum value for</del><ins>real computed values of</ins>
the <del>'min-width' property, which may vary from element to element and even depend on other</del><ins>above</ins> properties.</p>
<p> <del>If 'min-width' goes below this limit, either because it was set explicitly, or because it was 'auto'</del><ins>However, for replaced elements with an intrinsic ratio</ins> and <del>the rules below would make it too small, the user agent may use the minimum value</del><ins>both</ins>
<a href="visudet.html#propdef-width" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-width"><ins>'width'</ins></span></a> <ins>and</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-height" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-height"><ins>'height'</ins></span></a> <ins>specified</ins> as <ins>'auto',</ins> the
<ins>algorithm is as follows:</ins>
</p>
<p><ins>Select from the table the resolved height and width values for the
appropriate constraint violation. Take the</ins> <var><ins>max-width</ins></var> <ins>and</ins>
<var><ins>max-height</ins></var> <ins>as max(min, max) so that</ins> <var><ins>min</ins></var> <ins>≤</ins>
<var><ins>max</ins></var> <ins>holds true.
In this table</ins> <var><ins>w</ins></var> <ins>and</ins> <var><ins>h</ins></var> <ins>stand for the results of
the width and height computations ignoring the</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-min-width" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-min-width"><ins>'min-width'</ins></span></a><ins>,</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-min-height" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-min-height"><ins>'min-height'</ins></span></a><ins>,</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-max-width" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-max-width"><ins>'max-width'</ins></span></a> <ins>and</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-max-height" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-max-height"><ins>'max-height'</ins></span></a> <ins>properties. Normally
these are the intrinsic width and height, but they may not be in the
case of replaced elements with intrinsic ratios.</ins>
<p class=note><ins>Note: In cases where an explicit width or height is
set and the other dimension is auto, applying a minimum or maximum
constraint on the auto side can cause an over-constrained situation.
The spec is clear in the behavior but it might not be what the author
expects. The CSS3 object-fit property can be used to obtain different
results in this situation.</ins>
<table rules=all>
<thead>
<tr><th><ins>Constraint Violation</ins></th><th><ins>Resolved Width</ins></th><th><ins>Resolved Height</ins></th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td><ins>none</ins></td>
<td><var><ins>w</ins></var></td>
<td><var><ins>h</ins></var></td></tr>
<tr><td><var><ins>w > max-width</ins></var></td>
<td><var><ins>max-width</ins></var></td>
<td><var><ins>max(max-width * h/w, min-height)</ins></var></td></tr>
<tr><td><var><ins>w < min-width</ins></var></td>
<td><var><ins>min-width</ins></var></td>
<td><var><ins>min(min-width * h/w, max-height)</ins></var></td></tr>
<tr><td><var><ins>h > max-height</ins></var></td>
<td><var><ins>max(max-height * w/h, min-width)</ins></var></td>
<td><var><ins>max-height</ins></var></td></tr>
<tr><td><var><ins>h < min-height</ins></var></td>
<td><var><ins>min(min-height * w/h, max-width)</ins></var></td>
<td><var><ins>min-height</ins></var></td></tr>
<tr><td><ins>(</ins><var><ins>w > max-width</ins></var><ins>) and (</ins><var><ins>h > max-height</ins></var><ins>), where (</ins><var><ins>max-width/w ≤ max-height/h</ins></var><ins>)</ins></td>
<td><var><ins>max-width</ins></var></td>
<td><var><ins>max(min-height, max-width * h/w)</ins></var></td></tr>
<tr><td><ins>(</ins><var><ins>w > max-width</ins></var><ins>) and (</ins><var><ins>h > max-height</ins></var><ins>), where (</ins><var><ins>max-width/w > max-height/h</ins></var><ins>)</ins></td>
<td><var><ins>max(min-width, max-height * w/h)</ins></var></td>
<td><var><ins>max-height</ins></var></td></tr>
<tr><td><ins>(</ins><var><ins>w < min-width</ins></var><ins>) and (</ins><var><ins>h < min-height</ins></var><ins>), where (</ins><var><ins>min-width/w ≤ min-height/h</ins></var><ins>)</ins></td>
<td><var><ins>min(max-width, min-height * w/h)</ins></var></td>
<td><var><ins>min-height</ins></var></td></tr>
<tr><td><ins>(</ins><var><ins>w < min-width</ins></var><ins>) and (</ins><var><ins>h < min-height</ins></var><ins>), where (</ins><var><ins>min-width/w > min-height/h</ins></var><ins>)</ins></td>
<td><var><ins>min-width</ins></var></td>
<td><var><ins>min(max-height, min-width * h/w)</ins></var></td></tr>
<tr><td><ins>(</ins><var><ins>w < min-width</ins></var><ins>) and (</ins><var><ins>h > max-height</ins></var><ins>)</ins></td>
<td><var><ins>min-width</ins></var></td>
<td><var><ins>max-height</ins></var></td></tr>
<tr><td><ins>(</ins><var><ins>w > max-width</ins></var><ins>) and (</ins><var><ins>h < min-height</ins></var><ins>)</ins></td>
<td><var><ins>max-width</ins></var></td>
<td><var><ins>min-height</ins></var></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><ins>Then apply the rules under</ins> <a
href="#Computing_widths_and_margins"><ins>"Calculating widths and
margins"</ins></a> <ins>above, as if</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-width" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-width"><ins>'width'</ins></span></a>
<ins>were</ins> computed <ins>as this</ins> value.
<h2>10.5 <a name="the-height-property">Content height</a>: the <a href="visudet.html#propdef-height" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-height">'height'</span></a> property</h2>
<div class="propdef">
<dl><dt>
<span class="index-def" title="'height'"><a name="propdef-height" class="propdef-title"><strong>'height'</strong></a></span>
<dd>
<table class="propinfo" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Value:</em> <td><a href="syndata.html#value-def-length" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-length"><length></span></a> | <a href="syndata.html#value-def-percentage" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-percentage"><percentage></span></a> | auto | <a href="cascade.html#value-def-inherit" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-inherit">inherit</span></a>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Initial:</em> <td>auto
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Applies to:</em> <td>all elements but non-replaced inline elements, table columns, and column groups
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Inherited:</em> <td>no
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Percentages:</em> <td>see prose
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Media:</em> <td><a href="media.html#visual-media-group" class="noxref">visual</a>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em><ins>Computed value:</ins></em><ins> </ins><td><ins>the percentage or 'auto' (as specified) or the absolute length</ins>
</table>
</dl>
</div>
<p> This property specifies the <a
href="box.html#content-height">content height</a> of <del>boxes generated by block-level and replaced elements.</del><ins>boxes.</ins>
<p>This property does not apply to non-replaced <a
href="visuren.html#inline-boxes"> <del>inline-level</del><ins>inline</ins></a> elements. <ins>See</ins> the <a
href="#inline-non-replaced"> <del>height of a</del><ins>section on computing heights and margins
for</ins> non-replaced inline <del>element's boxes is given by</del><ins>elements</ins></a> <ins>for</ins> the <del>element's (possibly inherited) 'line-height' value.</del><ins>rules used instead.</ins>
</p>
<p>Values have the following meanings:</p>
<dl>
<dt><span class="index-inst" title="<length>"><a name="x11" href="syndata.html#value-def-length" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-length"><strong><length></strong></span></a></span>
</dt>
<dd>Specifies <ins>the height of the content area using</ins> a <del>fixed height.</del><ins>length value.</ins>
</dd>
<dt><span class="index-inst" title="<percentage>"><a name="x12" href="syndata.html#value-def-percentage" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-percentage"><strong><percentage></strong></span></a></span>
</dt>
<dd>Specifies a percentage height. The percentage is calculated with
respect to the height of the generated box's <a
href="visuren.html#containing-block">containing block</a>. If the
height of the containing block is not specified explicitly (i.e., it
depends on content height), <ins>and this element is not absolutely
positioned,</ins> the value <del>is interpreted like</del><ins>computes to</ins> 'auto'. <del>auto The</del><ins>A percentage</ins> height
<del>depends</del>on the <a href="conform.html#root"> <del>values of other properties. See</del><ins>root element</ins></a> <ins>is relative to</ins> the
<a href="#containing-block-details"> <del>prose below. Negative values for 'height' are illegal. Example(s):</del><ins>initial containing block</ins></a><ins>.</ins>
<span class="note">
<ins>Note:</ins> For <del>example, the following rule fixes the height of paragraphs to 100 pixels:</del><ins>absolutely positioned elements whose containing block is
based on a block-level element, the percentage is calculated with
respect to the height of the</ins> <em><ins>padding box</ins></em> <ins>of that element.
This is a change from CSS1, where the percentage was always
calculated with respect to the</ins> <em><ins>content box</ins></em> <ins>of the parent
element.</ins>
</span>
</dd>
<dt><strong><ins>auto</ins></strong>
</dt>
<dd><ins>The height depends on the values of other properties.
See the prose below.</ins>
</dd>
</dl>
<p class="note"><ins>Note that the height of the containing block of an
absolutely positioned element is independent of the size of the
element itself, and thus a percentage height on such an element can
always be resolved. However, it may be that the height is not known
until elements that come later in the document have been processed.</ins>
</p>
<p><ins>Negative values for</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-height" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-height"><ins>'height'</ins></span></a>
<ins>are illegal.</ins>
</p>
<div class="example"><P style="display:none"><ins>Example(s):</ins></P><p>
<ins>For example, the following rule sets the content height of paragraphs
to 100 pixels:</ins></p>
<pre>
p { height: 100px }
</pre>
<p>Paragraphs <del>that require more than 100 pixels</del>of <ins>which the</ins> height <ins>of the contents exceeds 100 pixels</ins>
will <a href="visufx.html#overflow">overflow</a> according to the
<a href="visufx.html#propdef-overflow" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-overflow">'overflow'</span></a> property.
</p>
</div>
<h2>10.6 <a name="Computing_heights_and_margins"> <del>Computing</del><ins>Calculating</ins> heights and
margins</a></h2>
<p>For <del>computing</del><ins>calculating</ins> the values of <a href="visuren.html#propdef-top" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-top">'top'</span></a>, <a href="box.html#propdef-margin-top" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-margin-top">'margin-top'</span></a>, <a href="visudet.html#propdef-height" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-height">'height'</span></a>,
<a href="box.html#propdef-margin-bottom" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-margin-bottom">'margin-bottom'</span></a>, and <a href="visuren.html#propdef-bottom" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-bottom">'bottom'</span></a> a distinction must be made between
various kinds of boxes:
</p>
<ol>
<li>inline, non-replaced elements</li>
<li>inline, replaced elements</li>
<li>block-level, non-replaced elements in normal flow</li>
<li>block-level, replaced elements in normal flow</li>
<li>floating, non-replaced elements</li>
<li>floating, replaced elements</li>
<li>absolutely positioned, non-replaced elements</li>
<li>absolutely positioned, replaced elements</li>
<li> <del>Points 1-6 include relative positioning. 10.6.1 Inline,</del><ins>'inline-block',</ins> non-replaced elements <del>If</del><in
5E83
s>in normal flow</ins></li>
<li><ins>'inline-block', replaced elements in normal flow</ins></li>
</ol>
<p><ins>For Points 1-6 and 9-10, the used values of</ins> 'top' <del>,</del><ins>and</ins>
'bottom' <del>, 'margin-top' , or 'margin-bottom'</del>are <del>'auto', their computed</del><ins>determined by the rules in section 9.4.3.</ins>
</p>
<p class=note><ins>Note: these rules apply to
the root element just as to any other element.</ins>
<p class=note><em><strong><ins>Note.</ins></strong> <ins>The used</ins> value <ins>of 'height'
calculated below</ins> is <del>0.</del><ins>a tentative value, and may have to be calculated
multiple times, depending on</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-min-height" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-min-height"><ins>'min-height'</ins></span></a> <ins>and</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-max-height" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-max-height"><ins>'max-height'</ins></span></a><ins>, see the section</ins> <a
href="#min-max-heights"><ins>Minimum and maximum heights</ins></a> <ins>below.</ins></em>
<h3><ins>10.6.1</ins> <a name="inline-non-replaced"><ins>Inline, non-replaced elements</ins></a></h3>
<p>The <a href="visudet.html#propdef-height" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-height">'height'</span></a> property <del>doesn't apply, but</del><ins>does not
apply.</ins> The height of the <del>box is given by</del><ins>content area should be based on</ins> the <del>'line-height' property. 10.6.2 Inline, replaced elements block-level, replaced elements in normal flow, and floating, replaced elements If 'top' , 'bottom' , 'margin-top' ,</del><ins>font, but
this specification does not specify how. A UA may, e.g., use the
em-box</ins> or <del>'margin-bottom' are 'auto',</del><ins>the maximum ascender and descender of the font. (The latter
would ensure that glyphs with parts above or below the em-box still
fall within the content area, but leads to differently sized boxes for
different fonts; the former would ensure authors can control
background styling relative to the 'line-height', but leads to glyphs
painting outside</ins> their <del>computed value</del><ins>content area.)</ins>
</p>
<p class=note><ins>Note: level 3 of CSS will probably include a property to
select which measure of the font</ins> is <del>0.</del><ins>used for the content height.</ins>
</p>
<p><ins>The vertical padding, border and margin of an inline, non-replaced
box start at the top and bottom of the content area, and has nothing
to do with the</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-line-height" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-line-height"><ins>'line-height'</ins></span></a><ins>. But only the</ins> <a href="visudet.html#propdef-line-height" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-line-height"><ins>'line-height'</ins></span></a> <ins>is used when calculating