csswg-drafts/css-page-4/Overview.html at 5ec0e5113d9e2753234f38639d747a9f9b3a8bb2 · w3c/csswg-drafts · GitHub

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">

<html lang=en>
 <head profile="http://dublincore.org/documents/2008/08/04/dc-html/ ">
  <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv=content-type>
  <title>Proposals for the future of CSS Paged Media</title>

  <link href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" rel=schema.dcterms>
  <link href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright"
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  <meta content="Proposals for the future of CSS Paged Media"
   name=dcterms.title>
  <meta content=text name=dcterms.type>
  <meta content=2013-03-07 name=dcterms.issued>
  <meta content="Daniel Glazman" name=dcterms.creator>
  <meta content=W3C name=dcterms.publisher>
  <meta content="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/www-style/" name=dcterms.identifier>
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</style>

 <body class=h-entry>
  <div>
   <div class=head> <!--begin-logo-->
    <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt=W3C height=48
     src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width=72></a> <!--end-logo-->

    <h1 class=p-name>Proposals for the future of CSS Paged Media</h1>

    <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=w3c-working>Editor's Draft <span
     class=dt-updated><span class=value-title title=20130307> 7 March
     2013</span></span></h2>

    <dl>
     <dt>This version:

     <dd><a class=u-url
      href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css4-page/">http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css4-page/</a></dd>
     <!-- <dd><a class="u-url" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/www-style/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-www-style-20130307</a></dd> -->

     <dt>Latest version:

     <dd><a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css4-page">http://www.w3.org/TR/css4-page</a>

     <dt>Previous version:

     <dd>--

     <dt>Issue Tracking:

     <dd>TBD <!-- or use the wiki:
    <dd><a rel="issues" href="http://wiki.csswg.org/spec/css4-page"           >http://wiki.csswg.org/spec/css4-page</a></dd>-->

  <dt>Feedback:</dt>
    <dd><a href="mailto:www-style@w3.org?subject=%5Bcss-page%5D%20feedback"
         >www-style@w3.org</a>
         with subject line &ldquo;<kbd>[css-page]
         <var>&hellip; message topic &hellip;</var></kbd>&rdquo;
         (<a rel="discussion" href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/"
           >archives</a>)

     <dt>Editor:

     <dd>Daniel Glazman, Disruptive Innovations
    </dl>
    <!--begin-copyright-->
    <p class=copyright><a
     href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright"
     rel=license>Copyright</a> © 2013 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><abbr
     title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup> (<a
     href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><abbr
     title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>, <a
     href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><abbr
     title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>,
     <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>, <a
     href="http://ev.buaa.edu.cn/">Beihang</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C <a
     href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>,
     <a
     href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a>
     and <a
     href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document
     use</a> rules apply.</p>
    <!--end-copyright--></div>

   <hr title="Separator for header">

   <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=abstract>Abstract</h2>

   <p> <span class=p-summary> This module describes an extension of the page
    model that partitions a flow into pages. It adds to Paged Media Level 3
    features introduced by other modules like CSS Regions or CSS Exclusions
    and Shapes: content flows, exclusions, more powerful headers and footers,
    etc. It does not deprecate nor obsolete Paged Media Level 3 but is
    designed to live gracefully with it.</span></p>
   <!-- "Status of this document" -->
   <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=status>Status of this Document</h2>
   <!--begin-status-->
   <p>This is a public copy of the editors' draft. It is provided for
    discussion only and may change at any moment. Its publication here does
    not imply endorsement of its contents by W3C. Don't cite this document
    other than as work in progress.

   <p>The (<a
    href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/">archived</a>)
    public mailing list <a
    href="mailto:www-style@w3.org?Subject=%5Bwww-style%5D%20PUT%20SUBJECT%20HERE">
    www-style@w3.org</a> (see <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/Mail/Request">instructions</a>) is preferred for
    discussion of this specification. When sending e-mail, please put the
    text “www-style” in the subject, preferably like this:
    “[<!---->www-style<!---->] <em>…summary of comment…</em>”

   <p>This document was produced by the <a href="/Style/CSS/members">CSS
    Working Group</a> (part of the <a href="/Style/">Style Activity</a>).

   <p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a
    href="/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 W3C Patent
    Policy</a>. W3C maintains a <a href="/2004/01/pp-impl/32061/status"
    rel=disclosure>public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in
    connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes
    instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual
    knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a
    href="/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential
    Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a
    href="/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of
    the W3C Patent Policy</a>.</p>
   <!--end-status-->
   <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=contents>Table of Contents</h2>
   <!--begin-toc-->
   <ul class=toc>
    <li><a href="#intro"><span class=secno>1. </span>Introduction</a>

    <li><a href="#conformance"><span class=secno>2. </span>Conformance </a>

    <li><a href="#the-css-3-page-model"><span class=secno>3. </span>The CSS 3
     Page Model</a>

    <li class=no-num><a href="#references">References</a>
     <ul class=toc>
      <li class=no-num><a href="#normative-references">Normative
       References</a>

      <li class=no-num><a href="#informative-references">Informative
       References</a>
     </ul>
   </ul>
   <!--end-toc--> <!-- "Introduction" -->
   <h2 id=intro><span class=secno>1. </span>Introduction</h2>

   <p>Convergence between electronic books and Open Web Standards requires
    new features related to pagination and page layouts. If CSS Paged Media
    Level 3 paved the way, extension of its page model is now needed to
    provide the industry with solutions more in line with the new usage modes
    of Web Standards on one hand, better integrated with the state of the art
    of CSS on the other.

   <p>This module describes how other CSS modules like Regions, Grid Layout,
    Exclusions and Shapes can enhance the page model for a better pagination
    on the Web and on print.

   <h2 id=conformance><span class=secno>2. </span>Conformance</h2>

   <p>All of the text in this specification is normative except sections
    explicitly marked as non-normative, examples, and notes. The keywords
    "<em class=RFC2119>MUST</em>", "<em class=RFC2119>SHALL</em>", "<em
    class=RFC2119>MUST NOT</em>", "<em class=RFC2119>SHALL NOT</em>", "<em
    class=RFC2119>REQUIRED</em>", "<em class=RFC2119>SHOULD</em>", "<em
    class=RFC2119>SHOULD NOT</em>", "<em class=RFC2119>RECOMMENDED</em>",
    "<em class=RFC2119>MAY</em>", and "<em class=RFC2119>OPTIONAL</em>" when
    used in this document are to be interpreted as described in <cite>RFC
    2119</cite> <a href="#RFC2119"
    rel=biblioentry>[RFC2119]<!--{{!RFC2119}}--></a>. However, for
    readability, these words do not appear in all uppercase letters in this
    specification.

   <p>Examples in this specification are introduced with the words "for
    example" or are set apart from the normative text with
    <code>class="example"</code>, like this:

   <div class=example>
    <p>This is an example of an informative example.
   </div>

   <p>Informative notes begin with the word "Note" and are set apart from the
    normative text with <code>class="note"</code>, like this:

   <p class=note>Note, this is an informative note.

   <h2 id=the-css-3-page-model><span class=secno>3. </span>The CSS 3 Page
    Model</h2>

   <p>This section is informative.

   <p></p>
   The current Page Model, as described in <cite>CSS3 Module: Paged Media
   </cite><a href="#CSS3PAGE"
   rel=biblioentry>[CSS3PAGE]<!--{{!CSS3PAGE}}--></a>, is the following one:
   the printable area of a page, the <dfn id=page-box>page box</dfn>, is made
   of one page box itself divided in four areas: <figure><img
   alt="CSS 3 Paged Media's page model" src=PageBox.png>
   <legend>The CSS3 Page Model</legend>
   </figure>
   <p>

   <ol>
    <li>the <dfn id=page-margin>page margin</dfn>; that area is itself
     divided into 16 <dfn id=page-margin-boxes>page-margin boxes</dfn>
     (@top-left-corner, @top-left, @top-center, etc. ) <figure><img
     alt="CSS 3 page-margin boxes" src=RightMarginBoxes.png>
     <legend>The 16 page-margin boxes<br>
      (with highlight of 3 of them)<br>
     </legend>
     </figure>

    <li>the <dfn id=page-border>page border</dfn>

    <li>the <dfn id=page-padding>page padding</dfn>

    <li>and finally the <dfn id=page-area>page area</dfn> containing the
     boxes generated by the flow of the main contents of the document.
   </ol>

   <p>It's is possible to flow content, for instance page headers and footers
    or footnotes, into a page-margin box using features introduced by the
    <cite>CSS Generated Content for Paged Media Module </cite><a
    href="#CSS3GCPM" rel=biblioentry>[CSS3GCPM]<!--{{!CSS3GCPM}}--></a>.

   <p>It is also possible to define multiple page templates for a single
    document using the <span class=css>@page</span> at-rule that allows to
    select the first page, left pages, right pages or named pages of a
    paginated flow.

   <p>If this page model allowed the publishing industry to adopt HTML and
    CSS as pivot formats, it starts showing its limits for the following
    reasons:

   <ul>
    <li>the 16 page-margin boxes are an extension of the print features
     offered by desktop browsers. Desktop browsers usually offer control over
     6 page-margin boxes only. Only one desktop browser claims implementation
     of the page model described above in the fourteen last years. The other
     desktop browsers' control over the 6 page-margin boxes is then not
     achieved through the cascade of CSS UA stylesheets.

    <li>no editing environment available on the market and in particular
     Wysiwyg text editor (for instance like Microsoft Word) implements such a
     box model.

    <li>it's not possible with the current model to position headers and
     footers (for instance the HTML5 header and footer elements) arbitrarily
     in the page area.

    <li>the <span class=css>@page</span> at-rule currently allows nested
     at-rules only for the definition of page-margin boxes. Similarly, the
     set of CSS properties applicable to a page box is limited and it is
     impossible in this model to use <cite>CSS Regions Module Level 3</cite>
     <a href="#CSS3-REGIONS"
     rel=biblioentry>[CSS3-REGIONS]<!--{{!CSS3-REGIONS}}--></a> to flow
     content into a given predefined area of a page, exclude an area from the
     page using <cite>CSS 3 Exclusions and Shapes Module</cite> <a
     href="#CSS3-EXCLUSIONS"
     rel=biblioentry>[CSS3-EXCLUSIONS]<!--{{!CSS3-EXCLUSIONS}}--></a>, lay
     out the page area into a grid using <cite>CSS Grid Layout</cite> <a
     href="#CSS3-GRID-LAYOUT"
     rel=biblioentry>[CSS3-GRID-LAYOUT]<!--{{!CSS3-GRID-LAYOUT}}--></a> or
     using <span class=css>@slot</span> rules that were discussed multiple
     times by the CSS Working Group in the recent past. The successful
     electronic book editing environment of Apple Inc., iBooks Author,
     already allows <span class=css>@page</span> rules to specify arbitrary
     slots, arbitrary exclusions and shapes, and extends the list of
     applicable properties; most of its advanced layout capabilities are
     based on these features.

    <li>the <span class=css>@page</span> rule of <cite>CSS 2.1</cite> <a
     href="#CSS21" rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a> is intended
     for use on print media, not dynamic media. The spread of complex
     HTML-based slideshows and electronic book viewers has shown that the
     Page Model should also apply to screen media and alike.

    <li>++TBD
   </ul>

   <ol></ol>

   <div>
    <h2 class=no-num id=references>References</h2>

    <h3 class=no-num id=normative-references>Normative References</h3>
    <!--begin-normative--> <!-- Sorted by label -->
    <dl class=bibliography>
     <dt
      style="display: none"><!-- keeps the doc valid if the DL is empty -->
      <!---->

     <dt id=CSS21>[CSS21]

     <dd>Bert Bos; et al. <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-CSS2-20110607/"><cite>Cascading
      Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification.</cite></a> 7
      June 2011. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-CSS2-20110607/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-CSS2-20110607/</a>
     </dd>
     <!---->

     <dt id=CSS3-EXCLUSIONS>[CSS3-EXCLUSIONS]

     <dd>Vincent Hardy; Rossen Atanassov; Alan Stearns. <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-css3-exclusions-20120503/"><cite>CSS
      Exclusions and Shapes Module Level 3.</cite></a> 3 May 2012. W3C
      Working Draft. (Work in progress.) URL: <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-css3-exclusions-20120503/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-css3-exclusions-20120503/</a>
     </dd>
     <!---->

     <dt id=CSS3-GRID-LAYOUT>[CSS3-GRID-LAYOUT]

     <dd>Alex Mogilevsky; et al. <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-css3-grid-layout-20121106/"><cite>CSS
      Grid Layout.</cite></a> 6 November 2012. W3C Working Draft. (Work in
      progress.) URL: <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-css3-grid-layout-20121106/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-css3-grid-layout-20121106/</a>
     </dd>
     <!---->

     <dt id=CSS3-REGIONS>[CSS3-REGIONS]

     <dd>Vincent Hardy; Alex Mogilevsky; Alan Stearns. <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-css3-regions-20120823/"><cite>CSS
      Regions Module Level 3.</cite></a> 23 August 2012. W3C Working Draft.
      (Work in progress.) URL: <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-css3-regions-20120823/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-css3-regions-20120823/</a>
     </dd>
     <!---->

     <dt id=CSS3GCPM>[CSS3GCPM]

     <dd>Håkon Wium Lie. <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-css3-gcpm-20111129/"><cite>CSS
      Generated Content for Paged Media Module.</cite></a> 29 November 2011.
      W3C Working Draft. (Work in progress.) URL: <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-css3-gcpm-20111129/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-css3-gcpm-20111129/</a>
     </dd>
     <!---->

     <dt id=CSS3PAGE>[CSS3PAGE]

     <dd>Håkon Wium Lie; Melinda Grant. <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-css3-page-20061010"><cite>CSS3
      Module: Paged Media.</cite></a> 10 October 2006. W3C Working Draft.
      (Work in progress.) URL: <a
      href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-css3-page-20061010">http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-css3-page-20061010</a>
     </dd>
     <!---->

     <dt id=RFC2119>[RFC2119]

     <dd>S. Bradner. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><cite>Key
      words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</cite></a>
      Internet RFC 2119. URL: <a
      href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a>
     </dd>
     <!---->
    </dl>
    <!--end-normative-->
    <h3 class=no-num id=informative-references>Informative References</h3>
    <!--begin-informative--> <!-- Sorted by label -->
    <dl class=bibliography>
     <dt
      style="display: none"><!-- keeps the doc valid if the DL is empty -->
      <!---->
    </dl>
    <!--end-informative--></div>
  </div>