csswg-drafts/css-style-attr/Overview.html at 74412d297990dbcdb224c3aaeb288125a1d923bf · w3c/csswg-drafts · GitHub

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">

<html lang=en>
 <head><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv=Content-Type>

  <title>CSS Styling Attributes Level 1</title>
  <link href=default.css rel=stylesheet type="text/css">
  <link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-WD" rel=stylesheet
  type="text/css">

 <body>
  <div class=head> <!--begin-logo-->
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt=W3C height=48
    src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width=72></a> <!--end-logo-->

   <h1>CSS Styling Attributes Level 1</h1>

   <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=longstatus-date>W3C Working Draft 21 January
    2010</h2>

   <dl>
    <dt>This version:

    <dd>

    <dd><a
     href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-css-style-attr-20100121/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-css-style-attr-20100121/</a></dd>
    <!-- <dd><a href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-style-attr/">http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-style-attr/</a> -->

    <dt>Latest version:

    <dd><a
     href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css-style-attr">http://www.w3.org/TR/css-style-attr</a>


    <dt>Previous version:

    <dd><a
     href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-css-style-attr-20020515">http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-css-style-attr-20020515</a>


    <dt>Editor:

    <dd><a href="http://fantasai.inkedblade.net/contact">Elika J. Etemad</a>

    <dt>Previous Editors:

    <dd><span lang=tr>Tantek &Ccedil;elik</span> (<a
     href="http://www.microsoft.com/">Microsoft</a>), &lt;<a
     href="mailto:tantekc@microsoft.com">tantekc@microsoft.com</a>&gt;

    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/People/Bos/">Bert Bos</a> (<a
     href="http://www.w3.org/">W3C</a>), &lt;<a
     href="mailto:bert@w3.org">bert@w3.org</a>&gt;

    <dd>Marc Attinasi (AOL/Netscape), &lt;<a
     href="mailto:attinasi@netscape.com">attinasi@netscape.com</a>&gt;
   </dl>
   <!--begin-copyright-->
   <p class=copyright><a
    href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright"
    rel=license>Copyright</a> &copy; 2010 <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/"><acronym title="World Wide Web
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    href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><acronym title="Massachusetts Institute
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   <hr title="Separator for header">
  </div>

  <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=abstract>Abstract</h2>

  <p>Markup languages such as HTML <a href="#HTML40"
   rel=biblioentry>[HTML40]<!--{{HTML40}}--></a> and SVG <a href="#SVG11"
   rel=biblioentry>[SVG11]<!--{{SVG11}}--></a> provide a styling attribute on
   most elements, to hold a fragment of a style sheet that applies to those
   elements. One of the possible style sheet languages is CSS. This draft
   describes the syntax and interpretation of the CSS fragment that can be
   used in such styling attributes.

  <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=status>Status of this document</h2>
  <!--begin-status-->

  <p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of
   its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of
   current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report
   can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">W3C technical reports
   index at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</a></em>

  <p>Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the W3C
   Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or
   obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this
   document as other than work in progress.

  <p>The (<a
   href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/">archived</a>) public
   mailing list <a href="mailto:www-style@w3.org">www-style@w3.org</a> (see
   <a href="http://www.w3.org/Mail/Request">instructions</a>) is preferred
   for discussion of this specification. When sending e-mail, please put the
   text &#8220;css-style-attr&#8221; in the subject, preferably like this:
   &#8220;[<!---->css-style-attr<!---->] <em>&hellip;summary of
   comment&hellip;</em>&#8221;

  <p>This document was produced by the <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/members">CSS Working Group</a> (part of
   the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Style/">Style Activity</a>).

  <p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February
   2004 W3C Patent Policy</a>. W3C maintains a <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/32061/status"
   rel=disclosure>public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in
   connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes
   instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual
   knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential
   Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section
   6 of the W3C Patent Policy</a>.</p>
  <!--end-status-->

  <p>This specification is a <strong>Last Call Working Draft</strong>. All
   persons are encouraged to review this document and <strong>send comments
   to the <a
   href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/">www-style</a>
   mailing list</strong> as described above. The <strong>deadline for
   comments</strong> is <strong>9 February 2010</strong>.

  <p>A CSS Styling Attribute <a href="http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Test/">Test
   Suite</a> will be developed during the Candidate Recommendation phase of
   this CSS Styling Attribute specification.

  <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=contents>Table of contents</h2>
  <!--begin-toc-->

  <ul class=toc>
   <li><a href="#intro"><span class=secno>1. </span>Introduction</a>

   <li><a href="#conformance"><span class=secno>2. </span>Conformance</a>

   <li><a href="#syntax"><span class=secno>3. </span>Syntax and Parsing</a>

   <li><a href="#interpret"><span class=secno>4. </span>Cascading and
    Interpretation</a>

   <li><a href="#ack"><span class=secno>5. </span>Acknowledgments</a>

   <li><a href="#references"><span class=secno>6. </span>References </a>
    <ul class=toc>
     <li class=no-num><a href="#normative-references">Normative
      references</a>

     <li class=no-num><a href="#informative-references">Informative
      references</a>
    </ul>
  </ul>
  <!--end-toc-->

  <h2 id=intro><span class=secno>1. </span>Introduction</h2>

  <p>Some document formats have a <dfn id=styling-attribute>styling
   attribute</dfn> to permit the author to directly apply style information
   to specific elements in documents. If a document format defines a styling
   attribute and the attribute accepts CSS as its value, then this
   specification defines that <dfn id=css-styling-attribute>CSS styling
   attribute</dfn>&rsquo;s syntax and interpretation.

  <div class=example>
   <p>The following example shows the use of the <code>style</code> attribute
    in HTML <a href="#HTML40" rel=biblioentry>[HTML40]<!--{{HTML40}}--></a>:</p>

   <pre>&lt;p style="<em>color: #090; line-height: 1.2</em>"&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
  </div>

  <h2 id=conformance><span class=secno>2. </span>Conformance</h2>

  <p>A document or implementation cannot conform to CSS Styling Attributes
   Level 1 alone, but can claim conformance to CSS Styling Attributes Level 1
   if it satisfies the conformance requirements in this specification when
   implementing CSS together with styling attribute handling as defined in a
   document language that has CSS styling attributes.

  <p>Conformance to CSS Styling Attributes Level 1 is defined for two
   classes:

  <dl>
   <dt><dfn id=document>document</dfn>

   <dd>A document represented in a document language that defines a styling
    attribute for one or more of its elements.

   <dt><dfn id=interpreter>interpreter</dfn>

   <dd>Someone or something that interprets the semantics of a document and
    its associated style information. (Most CSS <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/conform.html#user-agent">user agents</a>
    fall under this category.)
  </dl>

  <p>The conformance requirements are expressed with a combination of
   descriptive assertions and RFC 2119 terminology. The key words "MUST",
   "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT",
   "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in the normative parts of this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119. However, for
   readability, these words do not appear in all uppercase letters in this
   specification. All of the text of this specification is normative except
   sections explicitly marked as non-normative, examples, and notes. <a
   href="#RFC2119" rel=biblioentry>[RFC2119]<!--{{!RFC2119}}--></a>

  <p>Examples in this specification are introduced with the words "for
   example" or are set apart from the normative text with
   <code>class="example"</code>, like this:

  <div class=example>
   <p>This is an example of an informative example.</p>
  </div>

  <p>Informative notes begin with the word "Note" and are set apart from the
   normative text with <code>class="note"</code>, like this:

  <p class=note>Note, this is an informative note.

  <h2 id=syntax><span class=secno>3. </span>Syntax and Parsing</h2>

  <p>The value of the styling attribute must match the syntax of the contents
   of a CSS <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#rule-sets">declaration
   block</a>, whose formal grammar is given below in terms of the <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#syntax">CSS core
   grammar</a>:

  <pre>
declaration-list
  : S* declaration? [ ';' S* declaration? ]*
  ;
</pre>

  <p class=note>Note that following the CSS2.1 convention, comment tokens are
   not shown in the rule above.

  <p>The interpreter must parse the styling attribute's value using the same
   forward-compatible parsing rules that apply to parsing declaration block
   contents in a normal CSS style sheet. See <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html">chapter 4 of the CSS2.1
   specification</a> for details. <a href="#CSS21"
   rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a>

  <p class=note>Note that because there is no open brace delimiting the
   declaration list in the CSS styling attribute syntax, a close brace
   (<code>}</code>) in the styling attribute's value does not terminate the
   style data: it is merely an invalid token.

  <h2 id=interpret><span class=secno>4. </span>Cascading and Interpretation</h2>

  <p>The declarations in a styling attribute apply to the element to which
   the attribute belongs. CSS2.1 <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/cascade.html#specificity">defines</a> how
   style sheets and styling attributes are cascaded together. <a
   href="#CSS21" rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a> Relative URLs
   in the style data must be resolved relative to the styling attribute's
   element (or to the document if per-element resolution is not defined) when
   the attribute's value is parsed<!-- so dynamic changes to
the base URL don't affect the CSS ~Hixie -->.


  <p>Aside from the differences in cascading, the declarations in a styling
   attribute must be interpreted exactly as if they were given in a CSS style
   rule that applies to the element.

  <p>The CSS Working Group strongly recommends that document languages do not
   allow multiple CSS styling attributes on a single element. If a document
   language allows multiple CSS styling attributes, each must be parsed
   independently and treated as a separate style rule, the ordering of which
   should be defined by the document language, else is undefined.

  <h2 id=ack><span class=secno>5. </span>Acknowledgments</h2>

  <p>Thanks to feedback from Daniel Glazman, Ian Hickson, Eric A. Meyer,
   Bj&ouml;rn H&ouml;hrmann.

  <h2 id=references><span class=secno>6. </span>References</h2>

  <h3 class=no-num id=normative-references>Normative references</h3>
  <!--begin-normative-->
  <!-- Sorted by label -->

  <dl class=bibliography>
   <dt style="display: none"><!-- keeps the doc valid if the DL is empty -->
    <!---->

   <dt id=CSS21>[CSS21]

   <dd>Bert Bos; et al. <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/CR-CSS2-20090908"><cite>Cascading Style
    Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification.</cite></a> 8 September
    2009. W3C Candidate Recommendation. (Work in progress.) URL: <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/CR-CSS2-20090908">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/CR-CSS2-20090908</a>
    </dd>
   <!---->

   <dt id=RFC2119>[RFC2119]

   <dd>S. Bradner. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><cite>Key
    words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</cite></a> Internet
    RFC 2119. URL: <a
    href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a>
    </dd>
   <!---->
  </dl>
  <!--end-normative-->

  <h3 class=no-num id=informative-references>Informative references</h3>
  <!--begin-informative-->
  <!-- Sorted by label -->

  <dl class=bibliography>
   <dt style="display: none"><!-- keeps the doc valid if the DL is empty -->
    <!---->

   <dt id=HTML40>[HTML40]

   <dd>Ian Jacobs; David Raggett; Arnaud Le Hors. <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-html40-19980424"><cite>HTML 4.0
    Specification.</cite></a> 24 April 1998. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-html40-19980424">http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-html40-19980424</a>
    </dd>
   <!---->

   <dt id=SVG11>[SVG11]

   <dd>Dean Jackson; &#34276;&#27810; &#28147;; Jon Ferraiolo. <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-SVG11-20030114"><cite>Scalable Vector
    Graphics (SVG) 1.1 Specification.</cite></a> 14 January 2003. W3C
    Recommendation. URL: <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-SVG11-20030114">http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-SVG11-20030114</a>
    </dd>
   <!---->
  </dl>
  <!--end-informative-->
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