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for more complicated designs.
How to set this offset is problematic:
usually it's not a fixed length,
but the distance to clear some header content.
This could be added to a later level of css-line-grid.
<h2 id='grid-snapping'>
Snapping to a Grid</h2>
The 'line-snap' and 'box-snap' properties
cause line boxes and block boxes to shift position
in order to align to the <a>line grid</a>.
Shifting boxes in this way affects layout –
it is not merely a display translation.
If a line box is shifted,
then subsequent line boxes will be laid out
using the new shifted position as input
to their line stacking rules.
If a block box is shifted,
then subsequent boxes will be laid out
using the new shifted position as input.
<h3 id='line-snap'>
Snapping Line Boxes: the 'line-snap' property</h3>
<pre class='propdef'>
Name: line-snap
Value: none | baseline | contain
Initial: none
Applies to: <a>block container</a> elements
Inherited: yes
Animatable: no
Percentages: N/A
Media: visual
Computed Value: as specified
</pre>
This property applies to all the line boxes
directly contained by the element,
and, when not none,
causes each line box to shift
(usually downward, possibly by zero)
until it snaps to the <a>line grid</a>
specified by 'line-grid'.
(The unshifted position is the position that
would be determined by normal line stacking rules,
with consideration of any new controls
defined by other modules such as [[CSS3LINE]].)
Values have the following meanings:
<dl dfn-type="value" dfn-for="line-snap">
<dt><dfn>none</dfn>
<dd>Line boxes do not snap to the grid; they stack normally.
<dt><dfn>baseline</dfn>
<dd>The dominant baseline snaps with the matching baseline on the
<a>line grid</a> applying to the element.
<dt><dfn>contain</dfn>
<dd>
Two baselines are used to align the line box:
the line box is snapped
so that its <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-inline/#central">central</a> baseline
is centered between one
of the line grid's <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-inline/#text-over-edge">text-over-edge</a> baselines
and a subsequent (but not necessarily consecutive)
<a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-inline/#text-under-edge">text-under-edge</a> baseline.
</dl>
<div class="example">
Line boxes almost always shift downward
(towards the block-end direction)
when snapping to a <a>line grid</a>.
Here there are three lines
with 20px line-height
and line-snap:baseline
that should snap to a 30px <a>line grid</a>.
Each line box shifts down
so that the baselines align
with the grid lines.
<figure style="float:left;">
<img src="images/simple-no-snap.png"
alt="line positions before snapping"/>
<figcaption>
Before line snapping
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure style="float:left;">
<img src="images/simple-snapped.png"
alt="line positions after snapping"/>
<figcaption>
After line snapping
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p style="clear:left;">
In the figures below,
there are two additional lines
from h3 elements with line-snap:none.
These lines do not shift
to align to the grid,
but their positions can change
based on the shifting of lines around them.
In this example,
lines 1 2 and 3 shift down
to snap their baselines to the grid lines,
and line B has normal line box placement
just below the line above.
</p>
<figure style="float:left;">
<img src="images/top-no-snap.png"
alt="line positions before snapping"/>
<figcaption>
Before line snapping
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure style="float:left;">
<img src="images/top-snapped.png"
alt="line positions after snapping"/>
<figcaption>
After line snapping
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<h3 id='box-snap'>
Snapping Block Boxes: the 'box-snap' property</h3>
Issue: This is a rough draft of trying to solve
the box-snapping problem.
Issue: Some optional box values
(margin-box, border-box)
could be added to the before and after values
to allow snapping various box model edges
to the <a>line grid</a>.
Issue: An auto value could be useful -
one that defaults to center,
but snaps to before if it's the first block in a fragment container,
and snaps to after if it's the last block in a fragment container.
<pre class='propdef'>
Name: box-snap
Value: none | block-start | block-end | center | baseline | last-baseline
Initial: none
Applies to: block-level boxes and internal table elements except table cells
Inherited: yes
Animatable: no
Percentages: N/A
Media: visual
Computed Value: as specified
</pre>
Specifies how the block is snapped to the baseline grid.
Values have the following meanings:
<dl dfn-type="value" dfn-for="box-snap">
<dt><dfn>none</dfn>
<dd>The block is not snapped to any grid.</dd>
<dt><dfn>block-start</dfn>
<dd>The block-start edge is snapped to the nearest grid line.
<dt><dfn>block-end</dfn>
<dd>The block-end edge is snapped to the nearest grid line.
<dt><dfn>center</dfn>
<dd>The block is centered between
one of the baseline grid's text-over baselines and a subsequent
(but not necessarily consecutive) text-under baseline.
<dt><dfn>baseline</dfn>
<dd>The first line box's dominant baseline is snapped to the nearest grid line.
<dt><dfn>last-baseline</dfn>
<dd>The last line box's dominant baseline is snapped to the nearest grid line.
</dl>
Snapping block boxes always uses the <a>line grid</a> of the box parent
(a block's own <a>line grid</a> has no effect on box snapping).
If the box is an empty block that could be
<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/box.html">collapsed through</a>,
then this property has no effect. [[!CSS2]]
To snap a block-level element to a grid line,
take the unsnapped result of layout
(including margin collapsing, clearance, etc.)
as the block's initial position,
then shift the block downward
(towards the block-end direction)
until it snaps to the <a>line grid</a>.
For the ''block-start'' and ''block-end'' values,
either the text-over-edge
or text-under-edge baseline is chosen:
whichever one is on the matching side
of the central baseline.
For example,
when snapping the block-start edge
in horizontal writing mode,
the text-over-edge is chosen.
In some cases the text-under-edge
might be used instead for the block-start edge:
for example,
when the writing mode of the <a>line grid</a>
doesn't match that of the affected element,
or when due to the 'text-orientation' settings
the text-under-edge corresponds to the block-start edge.
<!--To snap an after border-box or half-border edge to a grid
line, the effective content-box height is increased.-->
When applied to table row group and table row boxes,
'box-snap' only affects the before and after edges,
and only if those edges are not
at the beginning or end of the table, respectively.
To snap a before edge on a table row or row group,
the preceding row's height is increased.
To snap an after edge on a table row or row group,
the affected row's height is increased.
When applied to table column group and table column boxes,
'box-snap'only affects the start and end edges,
and only if those edges are not
at the start or end of the table, respectively.
How the space is redistributed among columns
to satisfy snapping constraints is not defined, however:
<ul>
<li>In an auto-sized table no column may be smaller than its minimum content width.
<li>The resulting table must not exceed its original measure if it had a non-auto measure.
<li>The adjusted widths must not cause the table to overflow its containing block any more than it would with ''box-snap: none''.
</ul>
To satisfy these constraints, some column edges may remain unsnapped.
<!--
Line snapping for columns is processed from start to end: column widths
are increased or decreased in order to snap the column edges.
By preference, the widths are increased.
However if the table has an explicit size or is auto-sized and the resulting
table overflows its containing block, then columns whose widths were
increased must, one by one, switch their snap to decreasing the column
width, until the table reaches its specified size or
-->
<!--
<p>For internal table elements in separated borders tables, ''margin-box''
represents the edge at the midpoint of the border spacing. For collapsed
tables, ''margin-box'' and ''border-box'' are treated as ''half-border''.
When two coinciding edges have conflicting snap values, the later value
wins.
-->
<div class="issue">
Going forward, we could add a 2-d box-snap
with more controls
and to also extend it to handle snapping
to an explicit layout grid
(not just the baseline grid).
Current thoughts are for box-snap
to break out into longhands;
the current block-snap property should thus be a subset of its expected future values.
Below is an outline of the structure.
(This may, of course, change.)
<pre>
box-snap
+- block-snap
| +- block-snap-edge
| | +- block-start-snap-edge: <<shape-box>>
| | +- block-end-snap-edge: <<shape-box>>
| +- block-snap-align: <<content-position>>
| +- block-snap-grid: text-grid | <<custom-ident>> /* name of grid/gridlines */
+- inline-snap
+- inline-snap-edge
| +- inline-start-snap-edge: <<shape-box>>
| +- inline-end-snap-edge: <<shape-box>>
+- inline-snap-align: <<content-position>>
+- inline-snap-grid: text-grid | <<custom-ident>> /* name of grid/gridlines */
where <<shape-box>> includes
margin-box | border-box | half-border-box | padding-box | content-box
and <<content-position>> includes
start | end | stretch | first-baseline | last-baseline | center
</pre>
</div>
<h2 id='snap-details'>
Snapping Details</h2>
<h3 id='alignment-interactions'>
Interacting with other alignments</h3>
An element can have additional block layout constraints
(such as centering or 'box-snap')
that can complicate line snapping.
In these cases,
implementations must produce
the same result as the steps below:
<ul>
<li>
Line snap as if the layout constraint does not apply
</li>
<li>
Apply the layout constraint to the block
</li>
<li>
Adjust exactly one line box shift
or space at the beginning or end of the block
such that all of the snapping lines meet the <a>line grid</a>
while maintaining the block layout constraint.
The single adjustment chosen must be
the smallest shift needed to achieve the result
without causing overflow.
</li>
</ul>
<div class="example">
A block containing lines to snap
might not be top-aligned within its container.
In the figures below,
the block containing the elements is centered.
In a centered situation,
you have to align baselines
while maintaining centering.
This can be done in two shift-and-center steps.
First, shift the snapping lines
as if the block was top-aligned
(as in figure 9 above),
then remove the shift
for the very first snapping line.
After removing the first shift,
try centering the block.
This is almost certain
to throw the baseline alignment off.
You can see one such result
in the partial shifting figure below.
Second, measure the distance
from the first snapped line's baseline
to the grid lines above and below,
looking for the closest grid line
to that baseline.
If the closest grid line
is in the block-start direction,
then add space below the last line in the block
equal to twice that distance.
Then the block is centered again,
which will align all of the snapped lines to the grid.
<figure style="float:left;">
<img src="images/first-center-part-snapped.png"
alt="line positions at step 1"/>
<figcaption>
Partial shifting
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure style="float:left;">
<img src="images/first-center-snapped.png"
alt="line positions after full snapping"/>
<figcaption>
Full line snapping
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p style="clear:left;">
If the closest grid line
is in the block-end direction,
then the first snapped line is shifted downward
by twice that distance.
Then the block is centered again,
which will again align all of the snapped lines to the grid.
</p>
<figure style="float:left;">
<img src="images/second-center-part-snapped.png"
alt="line positions at step 1"/>
<figcaption>
Partial shifting
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure style="float:left;">
<img src="images/second-center-snapped.png"
alt="line positions after full snapping"/>
<figcaption>
Full line snapping
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="example">
An end-aligned block also uses two steps,
but is simpler than the centered case.
First, shift the snapping lines
as if there were no end-alignment
(as in figure 9 above),
then end-align the block.
Second, shift the entire block contents upwards
until the last snapped line aligns to a grid line.
In this example, the shift is very minor.
<figure style="float:left;">
<img src="images/bottom-no-snap.png"
alt="line positions before snapping"/>
<figcaption>
Before snapping
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure style="float:left;">
<img src="images/bottom-snapped.png"
alt="line positions after snapping"/>
<figcaption& 6AFA gt;
After line snapping
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<h3 id='leading-adjustments'>
Leading adjustments</h3>
In some cases lines of equal line height
will not align perfectly to a baseline grid:
this happens, for example,
when fonts (of the same size)
with different baseline tables
are mixed on a line.
In these cases,
removing top half-leading can sometimes be
the correct thing to do,
but must be limited
to the amount of baseline discrepancy
so as not to trigger in other cases.
Issue: Details to follow.
It's complicated when you have
more than one font-size or line-height
in a single line box.
<h2 class=no-num id='acknowledgments'>Acknowledgments</h2>
This module was made possible by the advice and contributions of
Tab Atkins,
Dave Cramer,
Dave Hyatt,
Bem Jones-Bey,
Håkon Wium Lie,
Shinyu Murakami,
Liam Quin,
and the CSS Working Group members.
<h2 class=no-num id='change-log'>
Change Log</h2>
<h3 class="no-num" id="20140916">
Since <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2014/WD-css-line-grid-1-20140916/">September 16th 2014</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>Refined ICB/root/@page grid creation</li>
<li>Added flex and grid container applicability for line-grid</li>
<li>Added normative text for line-snap examples</li>
<li>Added @page and root element line grid handling</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="no-num" id="20140403">
Since <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2014/WD-css-line-grid-1-20140403/">April 3rd 2014</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>Added line-snapping examples</li>
<li>Modified box-snap values</li>
<li>Removed line-slack</li>
<li>Removed grid offset</li>
<li>Removed grid units</li>
<li>Removed 2d box snapping</li>
<li>Removed rounding functions</li>
</ul>