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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang=en><head>
<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv=Content-Type>
<title>CSS Basic User Interface Module Level 3 (CSS3 UI)</title>
<link href=../default.css rel=stylesheet type=text/css>
<link href=../csslogo.ico rel="shortcut icon" type=image/x-icon>
<style>
body {
background: url("https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/logo-ED") top left no-repeat white;
background-attachment: fixed;
color: black;
font-family: sans-serif;
margin: 0 auto;
max-width: 50em;
padding: 2em 1em 2em 70px;
}
:link { color: #00C; background: transparent }
:visited { color: #609; background: transparent }
a[href]:active { color: #C00; background: transparent }
a[href]:hover { background: #ffa }
a[href] img { border-style: none }
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { text-align: left }
h1, h2, h3 { color: #005A9C; }
h1 { font: 170% sans-serif }
h2 { font: 140% sans-serif }
h3 { font: 120% sans-serif }
h4 { font: bold 100% sans-serif }
h5 { font: italic 100% sans-serif }
h6 { font: small-caps 100% sans-serif }
.hide { display: none }
div.head { margin-bottom: 1em }
div.head h1 { margin-top: 2em; clear: both }
div.head table { margin-left: 2em; margin-top: 2em }
p.copyright { font-size: small }
p.copyright small { font-size: small }
pre { margin-left: 2em }
dt { font-weight: bold }
ul.toc, ol.toc {
list-style: none;
}
</style>
<script defer src=//test.csswg.org/harness/annotate.js#css-ui-3_dev/css-ui-3 type=text/javascript></script>
<script>self = (typeof window !== 'undefined')
? window // if in browser
: (
(typeof WorkerGlobalScope !== 'undefined' && self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope)
? self // if in worker
: {} // if in node js
);
/**
* Prism: Lightweight, robust, elegant syntax highlighting
* MIT license http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php/
* @author Lea Verou http://lea.verou.me
*/
var Prism = (function(){
// Private helper vars
var lang = /\blang(?:uage)?-(?!\*)(\w+)\b/i;
var _ = self.Prism = {
util: {
encode: function (tokens) {
if (tokens instanceof Token) {
return new Token(tokens.type, _.util.encode(tokens.content), tokens.alias);
} else if (_.util.type(tokens) === 'Array') {
return tokens.map(_.util.encode);
} else {
return tokens.replace(/&/g, '&').replace(/</g, '<').replace(/\u00a0/g, ' ');
}
},
type: function (o) {
return Object.prototype.toString.call(o).match(/\[object (\w+)\]/)[1];
},
// Deep clone a language definition (e.g. to extend it)
clone: function (o) {
var type = _.util.type(o);
switch (type) {
case 'Object':
var clone = {};
for (var key in o) {
if (o.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
clone[key] = _.util.clone(o[key]);
}
}
return clone;
case 'Array':
return o.slice();
}
return o;
}
},
languages: {
extend: function (id, redef) {
var lang = _.util.clone(_.languages[id]);
for (var key in redef) {
lang[key] = redef[key];
}
return lang;
},
// Insert a token before another token in a language literal
insertBefore: function (inside, before, insert, root) {
root = root || _.languages;
var grammar = root[inside];
var ret = {};
for (var token in grammar) {
if (grammar.hasOwnProperty(token)) {
if (token == before) {
for (var newToken in insert) {
if (insert.hasOwnProperty(newToken)) {
ret[newToken] = insert[newToken];
}
}
}
ret[token] = grammar[token];
}
}
return root[inside] = ret;
},
// Traverse a language definition with Depth First Search
DFS: function(o, callback, type) {
for (var i in o) {
if (o.hasOwnProperty(i)) {
callback.call(o, i, o[i], type || i);
if (_.util.type(o[i]) === 'Object') {
_.languages.DFS(o[i], callback);
} else if (_.util.type(o[i]) === 'Array') {
_.languages.DFS(o[i], callback, i);
}
}
}
}
},
highlightAll: function(async, callback) {
var elements = document.querySelectorAll('code[class*="language-"], [class*="language-"] code, code[class*="lang-"], [class*="lang-"] code');
for (var i=0, element; element = elements[i++];) {
if (element.classList.contains("idl")) {
// Bikeshed handles IDL blocks already.
continue;
}
_.highlightElement(element, async === true, callback);
}
var elements = document.querySelectorAll('pre[class*="language-"], [class*="language-"] pre, pre[class*="lang-"], [class*="lang-"] pre');
for (var i=0, element; element = elements[i++];) {
if (element.firstElementChild && element.firstElementChild.tagName.toLowerCase() == "code") {
// Already handled by the previous loop
continue;
}
if (element.classList.contains("idl")) {
// Bikeshed handles IDL blocks already.
continue;
}
_.highlightElement(element, async === true, callback);
}
},
highlightElement: function(element, async, callback) {
// Find language
var language, grammar, parent = element;
while (parent && !lang.test(parent.className)) {
parent = parent.parentNode;
}
if (parent) {
language = (parent.className.match(lang) || [,''])[1];
grammar = _.languages[language];
}
if (!grammar) {
return;
}
// Set language on the element, if not present
element.className = element.className.replace(lang, '').replace(/\s+/g, ' ') + ' language-' + language;
// Set language on the parent, for styling
parent = element.parentNode;
if (/pre/i.test(parent.nodeName)) {
parent.className = parent.className.replace(lang, '').replace(/\s+/g, ' ') + ' language-' + language;
}
var code = element.textContent;
if(!code) {
return;
}
var env = {
element: element,
language: language,
grammar: grammar,
code: code
};
_.hooks.run('before-highlight', env);
if (async && self.Worker) {
var worker = new Worker(_.filename);
worker.onmessage = function(evt) {
env.highlightedCode = Token.stringify(JSON.parse(evt.data), language);
_.hooks.run('before-insert', env);
env.element.innerHTML = env.highlightedCode;
callback && callback.call(env.element);
_.hooks.run('after-highlight', env);
};
worker.postMessage(JSON.stringify({
language: env.language,
code: env.code
}));
}
else {
env.highlightedCode = _.highlight(env.code, env.grammar, env.language)
_.hooks.run('before-insert', env);
env.element.innerHTML = env.highlightedCode;
callback && callback.call(element);
_.hooks.run('after-highlight', env);
}
},
highlight: function (text, grammar, language) {
var tokens = _.tokenize(text, grammar);
return Token.stringify(_.util.encode(tokens), language);
},
tokenize: function(text, grammar, language) {
var Token = _.Token;
var strarr = [text];
var rest = grammar.rest;
if (rest) {
for (var token in rest) {
grammar[token] = rest[token];
}
delete grammar.rest;
}
tokenloop: for (var token in grammar) {
if(!grammar.hasOwnProperty(token) || !grammar[token]) {
continue;
}
var patterns = grammar[token];
patterns = (_.util.type(patterns) === "Array") ? patterns : [patterns];
for (var j = 0; j < patterns.length; ++j) {
var pattern = patterns[j],
inside = pattern.inside,
lookbehind = !!pattern.lookbehind,
lookbehindLength = 0,
alias = pattern.alias;
pattern = pattern.pattern || pattern;
for (var i=0; i<strarr.length; i++) { // Don’t cache length as it changes during the loop
var str = strarr[i];
if (strarr.length > text.length) {
// Something went terribly wrong, ABORT, ABORT!
break tokenloop;
}
if (str instanceof Token) {
continue;
}
pattern.lastIndex = 0;
var match = pattern.exec(str);
if (match) {
if(lookbehind) {
lookbehindLength = match[1].length;
}
var from = match.index - 1 + lookbehindLength,
match = match[0].slice(lookbehindLength),
len = match.length,
6D50
to = from + len,
before = str.slice(0, from + 1),
after = str.slice(to + 1);
var args = [i, 1];
if (before) {
args.push(before);
}
var wrapped = new Token(token, inside? _.tokenize(match, inside) : match, alias);
args.push(wrapped);
if (after) {
args.push(after);
}
Array.prototype.splice.apply(strarr, args);
}
}
}
}
return strarr;
},
hooks: {
all: {},
add: function (name, callback) {
var hooks = _.hooks.all;
hooks[name] = hooks[name] || [];
hooks[name].push(callback);
},
run: function (name, env) {
var callbacks = _.hooks.all[name];
if (!callbacks || !callbacks.length) {
return;
}
for (var i=0, callback; callback = callbacks[i++];) {
callback(env);
}
}
}
};
var Token = _.Token = function(type, content, alias) {
this.type = type;
this.content = content;
this.alias = alias;
};
Token.stringify = function(o, language, parent) {
if (typeof o == 'string') {
return o;
}
if (Object.prototype.toString.call(o) == '[object Array]') {
return o.map(function(element) {
return Token.stringify(element, language, o);
}).join('');
}
var env = {
type: o.type,
content: Token.stringify(o.content, language, parent),
tag: 'span',
classes: ['token', o.type],
attributes: {},
language: language,
parent: parent
};
if (env.type == 'comment') {
env.attributes['spellcheck'] = 'true';
}
if (o.alias) {
var aliases = _.util.type(o.alias) === 'Array' ? o.alias : [o.alias];
Array.prototype.push.apply(env.classes, aliases);
}
_.hooks.run('wrap', env);
var attributes = '';
for (var name in env.attributes) {
attributes += name + '="' + (env.attributes[name] || '') + '"';
}
return '<' + env.tag + ' class="' + env.classes.join(' ') + '" ' + attributes + '>' + env.content + '</' + env.tag + '>';
};
if (!self.document) {
if (!self.addEventListener) {
// in Node.js
return self.Prism;
}
// In worker
self.addEventListener('message', function(evt) {
var message = JSON.parse(evt.data),
lang = message.language,
code = message.code;
self.postMessage(JSON.stringify(_.util.encode(_.tokenize(code, _.languages[lang]))));
self.close();
}, false);
return self.Prism;
}
// Get current script and highlight
var script = document.getElementsByTagName('script');
script = script[script.length - 1];
if (script) {
_.filename = script.src;
if (document.addEventListener && !script.hasAttribute('data-manual')) {
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', _.highlightAll);
}
}
return self.Prism;
})();
if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) {
module.exports = Prism;
}
;
Prism.languages.markup = {
'comment': /<!--[\w\W]*?-->/g,
'prolog': /<\?.+?\?>/,
'doctype': /<!DOCTYPE.+?>/,
'cdata': /<!\[CDATA\[[\w\W]*?]]>/i,
'tag': {
pattern: /<\/?[\w:-]+\s*(?:\s+[\w:-]+(?:=(?:("|')(\\?[\w\W])*?\1|[^\s'">=]+))?\s*)*\/?>/gi,
inside: {
'tag': {
pattern: /^<\/?[\w:-]+/i,
inside: {
'punctuation': /^<\/?/,
'namespace': /^[\w-]+?:/
}
},
'attr-value': {
pattern: /=(?:('|")[\w\W]*?(\1)|[^\s>]+)/gi,
inside: {
'punctuation': /=|>|"/g
}
},
'punctuation': /\/?>/g,
'attr-name': {
pattern: /[\w:-]+/g,
inside: {
'namespace': /^[\w-]+?:/
}
}
}
},
'entity': /\&#?[\da-z]{1,8};/gi
};
// Plugin to make entity title show the real entity, idea by Roman Komarov
Prism.hooks.add('wrap', function(env) {
if (env.type === 'entity') {
env.attributes['title'] = env.content.replace(/&/, '&');
}
});
;
Prism.languages.css = {
'comment': /\/\*[\w\W]*?\*\//g,
'atrule': {
pattern: /@[\w-]+?.*?(;|(?=\s*{))/gi,
inside: {
'punctuation': /[;:]/g
}
},
'url': /url\((["']?).*?\1\)/gi,
'selector': /[^\{\}\s][^\{\};]*(?=\s*\{)/g,
'property': /(\b|\B)[\w-]+(?=\s*:)/ig,
'string': /("|')(\\?.)*?\1/g,
'important': /\B!important\b/gi,
'punctuation': /[\{\};:]/g,
'function': /[-a-z0-9]+(?=\()/ig
};
if (Prism.languages.markup) {
Prism.languages.insertBefore('markup', 'tag', {
'style': {
pattern: /<style[\w\W]*?>[\w\W]*?<\/style>/ig,
inside: {
'tag': {
pattern: /<style[\w\W]*?>|<\/style>/ig,
inside: Prism.languages.markup.tag.inside
},
rest: Prism.languages.css
}
}
});
};
Prism.languages.css.selector = {
pattern: /[^\{\}\s][^\{\}]*(?=\s*\{)/g,
inside: {
'pseudo-element': /:(?:after|before|first-letter|first-line|selection)|::[-\w]+/g,
'pseudo-class': /:[-\w]+(?:\(.*\))?/g,
'class': /\.[-:\.\w]+/g,
'id': /#[-:\.\w]+/g
}
};
Prism.languages.insertBefore('css', 'ignore', {
'hexcode': /#[\da-f]{3,6}/gi,
'entity': /\\[\da-f]{1,8}/gi,
'number': /[\d%\.]+/g
});;
</script><style>/* http://prismjs.com/download.html?themes=prism&languages=clike */
/**
* prism.js default theme for JavaScript, CSS and HTML
* Based on dabblet (http://dabblet.com)
* @author Lea Verou
*/
code[class*="language-"],
pre[class*="language-"] {
color: black;
text-shadow: 0 1px white;
font-family: Consolas, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', monospace;
direction: ltr;
text-align: left;
white-space: pre;
word-spacing: normal;
word-break: normal;
line-height: 1.5;
-moz-tab-size: 4;
-o-tab-size: 4;
tab-size: 4;
-webkit-hyphens: none;
-moz-hyphens: none;
-ms-hyphens: none;
hyphens: none;
}
pre[class*="language-"]::-moz-selection, pre[class*="language-"] ::-moz-selection,
code[class*="language-"]::-moz-selection, code[class*="language-"] ::-moz-selection {
text-shadow: none;
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<body class=h-entry>
<div class=head>
<p data-fill-with=logo><a class=logo href=http://www.w3.org/>
<img alt=W3C height=48 src=https://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home width=72>
</a>
</p>
<h1 class="p-name no-ref" id=title>CSS Basic User Interface Module Level 3 (CSS3 UI)</h1>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id=subtitle><span class=content>Editor’s Draft,
<span class=dt-updated><span class=value-title title=20141121>21 November 2014</span></span></span></h2>
<div data-fill-with=spec-metadata><dl><dt>This version:<dd><a class=u-url href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-ui/>http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-ui/</a><dt>Latest version:<dd><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-ui/>http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-ui/</a><dt>Previous Versions:<dd><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-css3-ui-20120117/ rel=previous>http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-css3-ui-20120117/</a><dt>Feedback:<dd><span><a href="mailto:www-style@w3.org?subject=%5Bcss-ui%5D%20feedback">www-style@w3.org</a> with subject line “<kbd>[css-ui] <var>… message topic …</var></kbd>” (<a href=http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/ rel=discussion>archives</a>)</span><dt>Test Suite:<dd><a href=http://test.csswg.org/suites/css-ui-3_dev/nightly-unstable/>http://test.csswg.org/suites/css-ui-3_dev/nightly-unstable/</a><dt class=editor>Editors:<dd class=editor><div class="p-author h-card vcard"><a class="p-name fn u-url url" href=http://tantek.com>Tantek Çelik</a> (<a class="p-org org" href=http://www.mozilla.org>Mozilla</a>) <a class="u-email email" href=mailto:tantek@cs.stanford.edu>tantek@cs.stanford.edu</a></div><dd class=editor><div class="p-author h-card vcard"><span class="p-name fn"></span></div><dt>Issue Tracking:<dd><span>http://wiki.csswg.org/spec/css3-ui</span></dl></div>
<div data-fill-with=warning></div>
<p class=copyright data-fill-with=copyright><a href=http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright>Copyright</a> © 2014 <a href=http://www.w3.org/><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href=http://www.csail.mit.edu/><abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>, <a href=http://www.ercim.eu/><abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>, <a href=http://www.keio.ac.jp/>Keio</a>, <a href=http://ev.buaa.edu.cn/>Beihang</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C <a href=http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer>liability</a>, <a href=http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks>trademark</a> and <a href=http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents>document use</a> rules apply.
</p>
<hr title="Separator for header">
</div>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id=abstract><span class=content>Abstract</span></h2>
<div class=p-summary data-fill-with=abstract><p>This specification describes user interface related selectors,
properties and values that are proposed for CSS level 3
to style HTML and XML (including XHTML).
It includes and extends user interface related features from the selectors,
properties and values of CSS level 2 revision 1 and Selectors specifications.
It uses various selectors,
properties and values to style basic user interface elements in a document.</p>
<a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS/>CSS</a> is a language for describing the rendering of structured documents
(such as HTML and XML)
on screen, on paper, in speech, etc.</div>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id=status><span class=content>Status of this document</span></h2>
<div data-fill-with=status><p>
This is a public copy of the editors’ draft.
It is provided for discussion only and may change at any moment.
Its publication here does not imply endorsement of its contents by W3C.
Don’t cite this document other than as work in progress.
<p>
The (<a href=http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/>archived</a>) public mailing list
<a href="mailto:www-style@w3.org?Subject=%5Bcss-ui%5D%20PUT%20SUBJECT%20HERE">www-style@w3.org</a>
(see <a href=http://www.w3.org/Mail/Request>instructions</a>)
is preferred for discussion of this specification.
When sending e-mail,
please put the text “css-ui” in the subject,
preferably like this:
“[css-ui] <em>…summary of comment…</em>”
<p>
This document was produced by the <a href=http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/members>CSS Working Group</a>
(part of the <a href=http://www.w3.org/Style/>Style Activity</a>).
<p>
This document was produced by a group operating under
the <a href=http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/>5 February 2004 W3C Patent Policy</a>.
W3C maintains a <a href=http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/32061/status rel=disclosure>public list of any patent disclosures</a>
made in connection with the deliverables of the group;
that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent.
An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href=http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential>Essential Claim(s)</a>
must disclose the information in accordance with <a href=http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure>section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy</a>.
<p>
This document is governed by the <a href=http://www.w3.org/2014/Process-20140801/>1 August 2014 W3C Process Document</a>.
</div>
<div data-fill-with=at-risk><p>The following features are at-risk, and may be dropped during the CR period:
<ul><li>::value ::choices ::repeat-item ::repeat-index pseudo-elements<li><a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-box-sizing title=box-sizing>box-sizing</a> property value: padding-box<li><a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-content title=content>content</a> property value: icon<li><a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-icon title=icon>icon</a> property<li><a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-ime-mode title=ime-mode>ime-mode</a> property<li><a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-nav-index title=nav-index>nav-index</a> property<li><a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-overflow title=text-overflow>text-overflow</a> property value: <string><li><a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-overflow title=text-overflow>text-overflow</a> property 2-value syntax and definition</ul></div>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id=contents><span class=content>Table of Contents</span></h2>
<div data-fill-with=table-of-contents role=navigation><ul class=toc role=directory><li><a href=#intro><span class=secno>1</span> <span class=content>Introduction</span></a><ul class=toc><li><a href=#purpose><span class=secno>1.1</span> <span class=content>Purpose</span></a></ul><li><a href=#dependencies><span class=secno>2</span> <span class=content>Dependencies on other modules</span></a><li><a href=#selectors><span class=secno>3</span> <span class=content>User Interface Selectors</span></a><ul class=toc><li><a href=#pseudo-classes><span class=secno>3.1</span> <span class=content>User interface states: pseudo-classes</span></a><ul class=toc><li><a href=#active><span class=secno>3.1.1</span> <span class=content>:active details</span></a><li><a href=#indeterminate><span class=secno>3.1.2</span> <span class=content>
The indeterminate-value pseudo-class <span class=css data-link-type=maybe title=:indeterminate>:indeterminate</span></span></a><li><a href=#pseudo-default><span class=secno>3.1.3</span> <span class=content>:default</span></a><li><a href=#pseudo-validity><span class=secno>3.1.4</span> <span class=content><span>:valid</span>
and <span>:invalid</span></span></a><li><a href=#pseudo-range><span class=secno>3.1.5</span> <span class=content><span>:in-range</span> and <span>:out-of-range</span></span></a><li><a href=#pseudo-required-value><span class=secno>3.1.6</span> <span class=content><span>:required</span>
and <span>:optional</span></span></a><li><a href=#pseudo-ro-rw><span class=secno>3.1.7</span> <span class=content><span>:read-only</span>
and <span>:read-write</span></span></a></ul><li><a href=#pseudo-elements><span class=secno>3.2</span> <span class=content>User interface element fragments: pseudo-elements</span></a><ul class=toc><li><a href=#pseudo-value><span class=secno>3.2.1</span> <span class=content>::value</span></a><li><a href=#pseudo-choices><span class=secno>3.2.2</span> <span class=content>::choices</span></a><li><a href=#pseudo-repeat-item><span class=secno>3.2.3</span> <span class=content>::repeat-item</span></a><li><a href=#pseudo-repeat-index><span class=secno>3.2.4</span> <span class=content>::repeat-index</span></a></ul></ul><li><a href=#icons><span class=secno>4</span> <span class=content>Element icons</span></a><ul class=toc><li><a href=#content-addition><span class=secno>4.1</span> <span class=content><span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=content>content</span> property addition</span></a><li><a href=#icon><span class=secno>4.2</span> <span class=content><span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=icon>icon</span> property</span></a></ul><li><a href=#box-model><span class=secno>5</span> <span class=content>Box Model addition</span></a><ul class=toc><li><a href=#box-sizing><span class=secno>5.1</span> <span class=content><span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=box-sizing>box-sizing</span> property</span></a></ul><li><a href=#outline-props><span class=secno>6</span> <span class=content>Outline properties</span></a><ul class=toc><li><a href=#outline><span class=secno>6.1</span> <span class=content><span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=outline>outline</span> property</span></a><li><a href=#outline-width><span class=secno>6.2</span> <span class=content><span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=outline-width>outline-width</span> property</span></a><li><a href=#outline-style><span class=secno>6.3</span> <span class=content><span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=outline-style>outline-style</span> property</span></a><li><a href=#outline-color><span class=secno>6.4</span> <span class=content><span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=outline-color>outline-color</span> property</span></a><li><a href=#outline-offset><span class=secno>6.5</span> <span class=content><span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=outline-offset>outline-offset</span> property</span></a></ul><li><a href=#resizing-and-overflow><span class=secno>7</span> <span class=content>Resizing & Overflow</span></a><ul class=toc><li><a href=#resize><span class=secno>7.1</span> <span class=content><span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=resize>resize</span> property</span></a><li><a href=#text-overflow><span class=secno>7.2</span> <span class=content>
Overflow Ellipsis: the <span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=text-overflow>text-overflow</span> property</span></a></ul><li><a href=#pointing-keyboard><span class=secno>8</span> <span class=content>Pointing Devices and Keyboards</span></a><ul class=toc><li><a href=#pointer-interaction><span class=secno>8.1</span> <span class=content>Pointer interaction</span></a><ul class=toc><li><a href=#cursor><span class=secno>8.1.1</span> <span class=content><span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=cursor>cursor</span> property</span></a></ul><li><a href=#keyboard><span class=secno>8.2</span> <span class=content>Keyboard control</span></a><ul class=toc><li><a href=#nav-index><span class=secno>8.2.1</span> <span class=content>Sequential navigation order: the <span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=nav-index>nav-index</span> property</span></a><li><a href=#nav-dir><span class=secno>8.2.2</span> <span class=content>Directional focus navigation: the <span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=nav-up>nav-up</span>, <span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=nav-right>nav-right</span>, <span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=nav-down>nav-down</span>, <span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=nav-left>nav-left</span> properties</span></a><li><a href=#input-method-editor><span class=secno>8.2.3</span> <span class=content>Input method editor: the <span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=ime-mode>ime-mode</span> property</span></a></ul></ul><li><a href=#acknowledgments><span class=secno></span> <span class=content>Appendix A. Acknowledgments</span></a><li><a href=#changes><span class=secno></span> <span class=content>Appendix B. Changes</span></a><ul class=toc><li><a href=#changes-list><span class=secno></span> <span class=content>List of substantial changes</span></a></ul><li><a href=#default-style-sheet><span class=secno></span> <span class=content>Appendix C. Default style sheet additions for HTML</span></a><li><a href=#test-suite><span class=secno></span> <span class=content>Appendix D: Test Suite</span></a><li><a href=#conformance><span class=secno></span> <span class=content>
Conformance</span></a><ul class=toc><li><a href=#conventions><span class=secno></span> <span class=content>
Document conventions</span></a><li><a href=#conformance-classes><span class=secno></span> <span class=content>
Conformance classes</span></a><li><a href=#partial><span class=secno></span> <span class=content>
Partial implementations</span></a><li><a href=#experimental><span class=secno></span> <span class=content>
Experimental implementations</span></a><li><a href=#testing><span class=secno></span> <span class=content>
Non-experimental implementations</span></a></ul><li><a href=#references><span class=secno></span> <span class=content>References</span></a><ul class=toc><li><a href=#normative><span class=secno></span> <span class=content>Normative References</span></a><li><a href=#informative><span class=secno></span> <span class=content>Informative References</span></a></ul><li><a href=#index><span class=secno></span> <span class=content>Index</span></a><li><a href=#property-index><span class=secno></span> <span class=content>Property Index</span></a></ul></div>
<main>
<p></p>
<hr title="Separator for header">
<h2 class="no-num no-toc heading settled" id=summary><span class=content>Overview</span></h2>
<p>This section is <em>informative</em>.</p>
<p>This document is one of the "modules" for the upcoming CSS3
specification. It not only describes the user interface related
properties and values that already exist in
<a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS1>CSS1</a> <a data-biblio-type=informative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-css1 title=CSS1>[CSS1]</a>
and <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21>CSS2.1</a> <a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-css21 title=CSS21>[CSS21]</a>, but introduces
new properties and values for CSS3 as well.
The Working Group doesn’t expect that all implementations of CSS3 will implement
all properties or values.
Instead, there will probably be a small number of variants of CSS3, so-called "profiles".</p>
<p>This document is the result of the merging of relevant parts of
the following Recommendations and Working Drafts, and the addition of some new features.</p>
<ul>
<li>Cascading Style Sheets, level 2, revision 1 <a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-css21 title=CSS21>[CSS21]</a>
<li><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/WD-css3-userint-20000216>User Interface for CSS3 (16 February 2000)</a> <a data-biblio-type=informative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-cssui title=CSSUI>[CSSUI]</a>
</ul>
<p>This specification contains:</p>
<ul>
<li>Pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements to style
user interface states and element fragments respectively.
<li>Additions to the user interface features in
<a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21>CSS2.1</a>.
<li>Directional focus navigation properties.
<li>A mechanism to allow the styling of elements as icons for accessibility.
</ul>
<hr>
<h2 class="heading settled" data-level=1 id=intro><span class=secno>1. </span><span class=content>Introduction</span><a class=self-link href=#intro></a></h2>
<p>CSS3 is a set of modules, divided up and profiled in order to
simplify the specification,
and to allow implementors the flexibility of supporting
the particular modules appropriate for their implementa
EDE6
tions.</p>
<p>This module describes selectors and CSS properties which enable authors
to style user interface related states, element fragments, properties
and values.</p>
<p><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS1#anchor-pseudo-classes>Section 2.1 of CSS1</a> <a data-biblio-type=informative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-css1 title=CSS1>[CSS1]</a>
and <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/ui.html>Chapter 18 of CSS2</a> <a data-biblio-type=informative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-css2 title=CSS2>[CSS2]</a>
introduced several user interface related pseudo-classes, properties and values.
<a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#UIstates>Section 6.6.4 of Selectors</a> <a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-select title=SELECT>[SELECT]</a> also describes several additional user interface related pseudo-classes (and one pseudo-element).</p>
<p>This Working Draft extends them to provide the ability, through CSS,
to style elements based upon additional user interface states,
to style fragments of user interface elements, and to alter the
dynamic presentation of elements in ways previously only available through specific HTML4/XHTML1 elements and attributes.</p>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level=1.1 id=purpose><span class=secno>1.1. </span><span class=content>Purpose</span><a class=self-link href=#purpose></a></h3>
<p>The purpose of this specification is to achieve the following objectives:</p>
<ul>
<li>Extend the user interface features in CSS2.1.
<li>Provide additional CSS mechanisms to augment or replace other
dynamic presentation related features in HTML4/XHTML1.
<li>Introduce directional navigation properties to assist in the construction of
user interfaces which make use of a directional navigation model.
<li>Introduce properties and values to specify icon presentations for
elements to enhance accessibility.
</ul>
<h2 class="heading settled" data-level=2 id=dependencies><span class=secno>2. </span><span class=content>Dependencies on other modules</span><a class=self-link href=#dependencies></a></h2>
<p>This CSS3 module depends on the following other specifications.</p>
<ul>
<li><a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-select title=SELECT>[SELECT]</a>
<li><a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-css3color title=CSS3COLOR>[CSS3COLOR]</a>
<li><a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-css21 title=CSS21>[CSS21]</a>
<li><a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-css3val title=CSS3VAL>[CSS3VAL]</a>
<li><a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-css3-writing-modes title=CSS3-WRITING-MODES>[CSS3-WRITING-MODES]</a>
</ul>
<p>The following work is related to the CSS Basic User Interface Module Level 3 (CSS3 Basic UI).</p>
<ul>
<li><a data-biblio-type=informative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-html401 title=HTML401>[HTML401]</a>
<li><a data-biblio-type=informative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-html5 title=HTML5>[HTML5]</a>
<li><a data-biblio-type=informative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-uaag10 title=UAAG10>[UAAG10]</a>
<li><a data-biblio-type=informative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-xml10 title=XML10>[XML10]</a>
<li><a data-biblio-type=informative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-xhtml10 title=XHTML10>[XHTML10]</a>
<li><a data-biblio-type=informative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-xhtml11 title=XHTML11>[XHTML11]</a>
<li><a data-biblio-type=informative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-xforms11 title=XFORMS11>[XFORMS11]</a>
</ul>
<p>This specification does not define what is a form element.</p>
<h2 class="heading settled" data-level=3 id=selectors><span class=secno>3. </span><span class=content>User Interface Selectors</span><a class=self-link href=#selectors></a></h2>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level=3.1 id=pseudo-classes><span class=secno>3.1. </span><span class=content>User interface states: pseudo-classes</span><a class=self-link href=#pseudo-classes></a></h3>
<p>The Selectors specification <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#UIstates>defines several user interface selectors</a> (<a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-select title=SELECT>[SELECT]</a>, sections 6.6.1 and 6.6.4)
which represent user interface states:</p>
<ul><li id=pseudo-hover><a class=self-link href=#pseudo-hover></a><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#useraction-pseudos>:hover</a>
<li id=pseudo-active><a class=self-link href=#pseudo-active></a><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#useraction-pseudos>:active</a>
<li id=pseudo-focus><a class=self-link href=#pseudo-focus></a><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#useraction-pseudos>:focus</a>
<li id=pseudo-enabled><a class=self-link href=#pseudo-enabled></a><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#enableddisabled>:enabled</a>
<li id=pseudo-disabled><a class=self-link href=#pseudo-disabled></a><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#enableddisabled>:disabled</a>
<li id=pseudo-checked><a class=self-link href=#pseudo-checked></a><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#checked>:checked</a>
<li id=pseudo-indeterminate><a class=self-link href=#pseudo-indeterminate></a><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#indeterminate>:indeterminate</a>
</ul>
<p>These pseudo-classes as defined by <a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-select title=SELECT>[SELECT]</a> are
included in this specification by reference.</p>
<p>CSS 2.1 <a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-css21 title=CSS21>[CSS21]</a> specifies additional details
for some of the selectors mentioned, above and beyond Selectors.</p>
<h4 class="heading settled" data-level=3.1.1 id=active><span class=secno>3.1.1. </span><span class=content>:active details</span><a class=self-link href=#active></a></h4>
<p>In addition, on systems with more than one mouse button,
:active is clarified to apply only to the primary
or primary activation button (typically the "left" mouse button),
and any aliases thereof.</p>
<h4 class="heading settled" data-level=3.1.2 id=indeterminate><span class=secno>3.1.2. </span><span class=content>
The indeterminate-value pseudo-class <a class=css data-link-type=maybe href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/selectors-4/#indetermine-pseudo title=:indeterminate>:indeterminate</a></span><a class=self-link href=#indeterminate></a></h4>
<p>The <a class=css data-link-type=maybe href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/selectors-4/#indetermine-pseudo title=:indeterminate>:indeterminate</a> pseudo-class applies
to UI elements whose value is in an indeterminate state.
For example, radio and checkbox elements
can be toggled between checked and unchecked states,
but are sometimes in an indeterminate state,
neither checked nor unchecked.
Similarly a progress meter can be in an indeterminate state
when the percent completion is unknown.</p>
<p>Like the :checked pseudo-class,
<a class=css data-link-type=maybe href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/selectors-4/#indetermine-pseudo title=:indeterminate>:indeterminate</a> applies to all media.
Components of a radio-group initialized with no pre-selected choice,
for example, would be <a class=css data-link-type=maybe href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/selectors-4/#indetermine-pseudo title=:indeterminate>:indeterminate</a>
even in a static display.</p>
<h4 class="no-num no-toc heading settled" id=new-pseudo-classes><span class=content>New user interface state pseudo-classes</span><a class=self-link href=#new-pseudo-classes></a></h4>
<p>In addition to the above-mentioned pseudo-classes,
this specification introduces several new pseudo-classes
to define additional user interface states.</p>
<ul>
<li>:default
<li>:valid
<li>:invalid
<li>:in-range
<li>:out-of-range
<li>:required
<li>:optional
<li>:read-only
<li>:read-write
</ul>
<p>Specifically, these new states (except for :default) are provided
as a way to style elements which are in the respective states as defined by XForms <a data-biblio-type=informative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-xforms11 title=XFORMS11>[XFORMS11]</a>.</p>
<h4 class="heading settled" data-level=3.1.3 id=pseudo-default><span class=secno>3.1.3. </span><span class=content>:default</span><a class=self-link href=#pseudo-default></a></h4>
<p>The :default selector applies to the one or more UI elements
that are the default among a set of similar elements.
This selector typically applies to context menu items,
buttons, and select lists/menus.</p>
<p>One example is the default submit button among a set of buttons.
Another example is the default option from a popup menu.
Multiple elements in a select-many group could have multiple :default elements,
like a selection of pizza toppings for example.</p>
<h4 class="heading settled" data-level=3.1.4 id=pseudo-validity><span class=secno>3.1.4. </span><span class=content><span id=pseudo-valid>:valid</span>
and <span id=pseudo-invalid>:invalid</span></span><a class=self-link href=#pseudo-validity></a></h4>
<p>An element is :valid or :invalid when it is,
respectively, valid or invalid with respect to data validity semantics
defined by a different specification (e.g. <a data-biblio-type=informative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-xforms11 title=XFORMS11>[XFORMS11]</a>).
An element which lacks data validity semantics is neither :valid nor :invalid.
This is different from an element which otherwise has no constraints.
Such an element would always be :valid.</p>
<h4 class="heading settled" data-level=3.1.5 id=pseudo-range><span class=secno>3.1.5. </span><span class=content><span id=pseudo-in-range>:in-range</span> and <span id=pseudo-out-of-range>:out-of-range</span></span><a class=self-link href=#pseudo-range></a></h4>
<p>The :in-range and :out-of-range pseudo-classes apply only to elements that have range limitations.
An element is :in-range or :out-of-range
when the value that the element is bound to is in range or out of range
of the presentation (e.g. visual or spoken representation) of the element respectively.
An element that lacks data range limits or is not a form control is neither :in-range nor :out-of-range.
E.g. a slider element with a value of 11
presented as a slider control that only represents the values from 1-10 is :out-of-range.
Another example is a menu element with a value of "E"
that happens to be presented as a popup menu that only has choices "A", "B" and "C".</p>
<h4 class="heading settled" data-level=3.1.6 id=pseudo-required-value><span class=secno>3.1.6. </span><span class=content><span id=pseudo-required>:required</span>
and <span id=pseudo-optional>:optional</span></span><a class=self-link href=#pseudo-required-value></a></h4>
<p>A form element is :required or :optional if a value for it
is, respectively, required or optional before the form it belongs to is submitted.
Elements that are not form elements are neither required nor optional.</p>
<h4 class="heading settled" data-level=3.1.7 id=pseudo-ro-rw><span class=secno>3.1.7. </span><span class=content><span id=pseudo-read-only>:read-only</span>
and <span id=pseudo-read-write>:read-write</span></span><a class=self-link href=#pseudo-ro-rw></a></h4>
<p>An element whose contents are not user-alterable is :read-only.
However, elements whose contents are user-alterable (such as text input fields)
are considered to be in a :read-write state.
In typical documents, most elements are :read-only.
However it may be possible (e.g. in the context of an editor) for any element to become :read-write.</p>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level=3.2 id=pseudo-elements><span class=secno>3.2. </span><span class=content>User interface element fragments: pseudo-elements</span><a class=self-link href=#pseudo-elements></a></h3>
<p>In addition to the above-mentioned pseudo-element,
this specification introduces four new pseudo-elements
to provide access to additional user interface element fragments.</p>
<ul>
<li>::value
<li>::choices
<li>::repeat-item
<li>::repeat-index
</ul>
<p>Specifically, these new pseudo-elements are provided
as a way to style user interface fragments
as defined by XForms <a data-biblio-type=informative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-xforms11 title=XFORMS11>[XFORMS11]</a>.</p>
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