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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
<title>CSS Overflow Module Level 3</title>
<link href="../default.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="../csslogo.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon">
<style>
body {
background: url("https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/logo-ED") top left no-repeat white;
background-attachment: fixed;
color: black;
font-family: sans-serif;
margin: 0 auto;
max-width: 50em;
padding: 2em 1em 2em 70px;
}
:link { color: #00C; background: transparent }
:visited { color: #609; background: transparent }
a[href]:active { color: #C00; background: transparent }
a[href]:hover { background: #ffa }
a[href] img { border-style: none }
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { text-align: left }
h1, h2, h3 { color: #005A9C; }
h1 { font: 170% sans-serif }
h2 { font: 140% sans-serif }
h3 { font: 120% sans-serif }
h4 { font: bold 100% sans-serif }
h5 { font: italic 100% sans-serif }
h6 { font: small-caps 100% sans-serif }
.hide { display: none }
div.head { margin-bottom: 1em }
div.head h1 { margin-top: 2em; clear: both }
div.head table { margin-left: 2em; margin-top: 2em }
p.copyright { font-size: small }
p.copyright small { font-size: small }
pre { margin-left: 2em }
dt { font-weight: bold }
ul.toc, ol.toc {
list-style: none;
}
</style>
<meta content="Bikeshed 1.0.0" name="generator">
<style>
table.source-demo-pair {
width: 100%;
}
.in-cards-demo {
width: 13em;
height: 8em;
padding: 4px;
border: medium solid blue;
margin: 6px;
font: medium/1.3 Times New Roman, Times, serif;
white-space: nowrap;
}
.bouncy-columns-demo {
width: 6em;
height: 10em;
float: left;
margin: 1em;
font: medium/1.25 Times New Roman, Times, serif;
white-space: nowrap;
}
.bouncy-columns-demo.one {
background: aqua; color: black;
transform: rotate(-3deg);
}
.bouncy-columns-demo.two {
background: yellow; color: black;
transform: rotate(3deg);
}
.article-font-inherit-demo {
font: 1em/1.25 Times New Roman, Times, serif;
white-space: nowrap;
}
.article-font-inherit-demo.one {
width: 12em;
font-size: 1.5em;
margin-bottom: 1em;
height: 4em;
}
.article-font-inherit-demo.two {
width: 11em;
margin-left: 5em;
margin-right: 2em;
}
.dark-columns-demo {
width: 6em;
height: 10em;
float: left;
margin-right: 1em;
font: medium/1.25 Times New Roman, Times, serif;
white-space: nowrap;
}
.dark-columns-demo.one {
background: aqua; color: black;
}
.dark-columns-demo.one :link {
color: blue;
}
.dark-columns-demo.one :visited {
color: purple;
}
.dark-columns-demo.two {
background: navy; color: white;
}
.dark-columns-demo.two :link {
color: aqua;
}
.dark-columns-demo.two :visited {
color: fuchsia;
}
.article-max-lines-demo {
font: 1em/1.25 Times New Roman, Times, serif;
white-space: nowrap;
}
.article-max-lines-demo.one::first-letter {
font-size: 2em;
line-height: 0.9;
}
.article-max-lines-demo.one {
font-size: 1.5em;
width: 16em;
}
.article-max-lines-demo.two {
width: 11.5em;
float: left; margin-right: 1em;
}
.article-max-lines-demo.three {
width: 11.5em;
float: left;
}
</style>
</head>
<body class="h-entry">
<div class="head">
<p data-fill-with="logo"><a class="logo" href="http://www.w3.org/">
<img alt="W3C" height="48" src="https://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72">
</a>
</p>
<h1 class="p-name no-ref" id="title">CSS Overflow Module Level 3</h1>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="subtitle"><span class="content">Editor’s Draft,
<time class="dt-updated" datetime="2015-02-11">11 February 2015</time></span></h2>
<div data-fill-with="spec-metadata">
<dl>
<dt>This version:
<dd><a class="u-url" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-overflow/">http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-overflow/</a>
<dt>Latest version:
<dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css-overflow-3/">http://www.w3.org/TR/css-overflow-3/</a>
<dt>Previous Versions:
<dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-css-overflow-3-20130418/" rel="previous">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-css-overflow-3-20130418/</a>
<dt>Feedback:
<dd><span><a href="mailto:www-style@w3.org?subject=%5Bcss-overflow%5D%20feedback">www-style@w3.org</a> with subject line “<kbd>[css-overflow] <var>… message topic …</var></kbd>” (<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/" rel="discussion">archives</a>)</span>
<dt>Issue Tracking:
<dd><a href="#issues-index">Inline In Spec</a>
<dt class="editor">Editors:
<dd class="editor">
<div class="p-author h-card vcard"><a class="p-name fn u-url url" href="http://dbaron.org/">L. David Baron</a> (<span class="p-org org">Mozilla</span>)</div>
<dd class="editor">
<div class="p-author h-card vcard"><a class="p-name fn u-email email" href="mailto:florian@rivoal.net">Florian Rivoal</a> (<span class="p-org org">Invited Expert</span>)</div>
<dt>Change Log:
<dd><span><a href="https://hg.csswg.org/drafts/log/tip/css-overflow/Overview.bs">from 27 January 2015 to the present</a></span>
<dd><span><a href="https://hg.csswg.org/drafts/log/tip/css-overflow/Overview.src.html">from 28 March 2013 to 27 January 2015</a></span>
<dd><span><a href="https://hg.csswg.org/drafts/log/tip/css3-overflow/Overview.src.html">from 31 July 2012 to 27 March 2013</a></span>
</dl>
</div>
<div data-fill-with="warning"></div>
<p class="copyright" data-fill-with="copyright"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> © 2015 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>, <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>, <a href="http://ev.buaa.edu.cn/">Beihang</a>). W3C <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>, <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.
</p>
<hr title="Separator for header">
</div>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="abstract"><span class="content">Abstract</span></h2>
<div class="p-summary" data-fill-with="abstract">
<p>This module contains the features of CSS relating to new mechanisms of overflow handling in visual media (e.g., screen or paper). In interactive media, it describes features that allow the overflow from a fixed size container to be handled by pagination (displaying one page at a time). It also describes features, applying to all visual media, that allow the contents of an element to be spread across multiple fragments, allowing the contents to flow across multiple regions or to have different styles for different fragments.</p>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS/">CSS</a> is a language for describing the rendering of structured documents
(such as HTML and XML)
on screen, on paper, in speech, etc.</div>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="status"><span class="content">Status of this document</span></h2>
<div data-fill-with="status">
<p>
This is a public copy of the editors’ draft.
It is provided for discussion only and may change at any moment.
Its publication here does not imply endorsement of its contents by W3C.
Don’t cite this document other than as work in progress.
</p>
<p>
The (<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/">archived</a>) public mailing list
<a href="mailto:www-style@w3.org?Subject=%5Bcss-overflow%5D%20PUT%20SUBJECT%20HERE">www-style@w3.org</a>
(see <a href="http://www.w3.org/Mail/Request">instructions</a>)
is preferred for discussion of this specification.
When sending e-mail,
please put the text “css-overflow” in the subject,
preferably like this:
“[css-overflow] <em>…summary of comment…</em>”
</p>
<p>
This document was produced by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/members">CSS Working Group</a>
(part of the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Style/">Style Activity</a>).
</p>
<p>
This document was produced by a group operating under
the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 W3C Patent Policy</a>.
W3C maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/32061/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent disclosures</a>
made in connection with the deliverables of the group;
that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent.
An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a>
must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy</a>.
</p>
<p>
This document is governed by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2014/Process-20140801/" id="w3c_process_revision">1 August 2014 W3C Process Document</a>.
</p>
<p>
The following features are at risk: …
</p></div>
<div data-fill-with="at-risk"></div>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="contents"><span class="content">Table of Contents</span></h2>
<div data-fill-with="table-of-contents" role="navigation">
<ul class="toc" role="directory">
<li><a href="#intro"><span class="secno">1</span> <span class="content">
Introduction</span></a>
<li><a href="#overflow-concepts"><span class="secno">2</span> <span class="content">Types of overflow</span></a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a href="#ink-overflow"><span class="secno">2.1</span> <span class="content">Ink overflow</span></a>
<li><a href="#scrollable-overflow"><span class="secno">2.2</span> <span class="content">Scrollable overflow</span></a>
<li><a href="#border-box-overflow"><span class="secno">2.3</span> <span class="content">Border box overflow</span></a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#overflow-properties"><span class="secno">3</span> <span class="content">Overflow properties</span></a>
<li><a href="#scrolling-overflow"><span class="secno">4</span> <span class="content">Scrolling and hidden overflow</span></a>
<li><a href="#paginated-overflow"><span class="secno">5</span> <span class="content">Paginated overflow</span></a>
<li><a href="#fragment-overflow"><span class="secno">6</span> <span class="content">Fragment overflow</span></a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a href="#fragment-styling"><span class="secno">6.1</span> <span class="content">Fragment styling</span></a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a href="#fragment-pseudo-element"><span class="secno">6.1.1</span> <span class="content">The ::nth-fragment() pseudo-element</span></a>
<li><a href="#style-of-fragments"><span class="secno">6.1.2</span> <span class="content">Styling of fragments</span></a>
<li><a href="#style-in-fragments"><span class="secno">6.1.3</span> <span class="content">Styling inside fragments</span></a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#max-lines"><span class="secno">6.2</span> <span class="content">The <span class="property" data-lt="max-lines">max-lines</span> property</span></a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#static-media"><span class="secno">7</span> <span class="content">Overflow in static media</span></a>
<li><a href="#acknowledgments"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">
Acknowledgments</span></a>
<li><a href="#conformance"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">
Conformance</span></a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a href="#conventions"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">
Document conventions</span></a>
<li><a href="#conformance-classes"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">
Conformance classes</span></a>
<li><a href="#partial"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">
Partial implementations</span></a>
<li><a href="#experimental"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">
Experimental implementations</span></a>
<li><a href="#testing"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">
Non-experimental implementations</span></a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#references"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">References</span></a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a href="#normative"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Normative References</span></a>
<li><a href="#informative"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Informative References</span></a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#index"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Index</span></a>
<li><a href="#property-index"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Property Index</span></a>
<li><a href="#issues-index"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Issues Index</span></a>
</ul></div>
<main>
<p>
</p>
<h2 class="heading settled" data-level="1" id="intro"><span class="secno">1. </span><span class="content">
Introduction</span><a class="self-link" href="#intro"></a></h2>
<p>
In CSS Level 1 <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css1">[CSS1]</a>, placing more content than would fit
inside an element with a specified size
was generally an authoring error.
Doing so caused the content to extend
outside the bounds of the element,
which would likely cause
that content to overlap with other elements.
</p>
<p>
CSS Level 2 <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css21">[CSS21]</a> introduced the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-overflow">overflow</a> property,
which allows authors to have overflow be handled by scrolling,
which means it is no longer an authoring error.
It also allows authors to specify
that overflow is handled by clipping,
which makes sense when the author’s intent
is that the content not be shown.
</p>
<p>
However, scrolling is not the only way
to present large amounts of content,
and may even not be the optimal way.
After all, the codex replaced the scroll
as the common format for large written works
because of its advantages.
</p>
<p>
This specification introduces
a mechanism for Web pages to specify
that an element of a page should handle overflow
through pagination rather than through scrolling.
</p>
<p>
This specification also extends the concept of overflow
in another direction.
Instead of requiring that authors specify a single area
into which the content of an element must flow,
this specification allows authors to specify multiple fragments,
each with their own dimensions and styles,
so that the content of the element can flow from one to the next,
using as many as needed to place the content without overflowing.
</p>
<p>
In both of these cases, implementations must
break the content in the block-progression dimension.
Implementations must do this is described
in the CSS Fragmentation Module <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css3-break">[CSS3-BREAK]</a>.
</p>
<h2 class="heading settled" data-level="2" id="overflow-concepts"><span class="secno">2. </span><span class="content">Types of overflow</span><a class="self-link" href="#overflow-concepts"></a></h2>
<p>
CSS uses the term <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport="" id="overflow">overflow<a class="self-link" href="#overflow"></a></dfn> to describe
the contents of a box
that extend outside that one of that box’s edges
(i.e., its <i>content edge</i>, <i>padding edge</i>,
<i>border edge</i>, or <i>margin edge</i>).
The overflow might be described as the elements or features
that cause this overflow,
the non-rectangular region occupied by these features,
or, more commonly,
as the minimal rectangle that bounds that region.
A box’s overflow is computed based on the boxes and styles
of the box and of all its descendants whose containing block chain
<span class="issue" id="issue-18c1c008"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-18c1c008"></a>undefined term?</span>
includes the box.
</p>
<p>
In most cases, any of these types of overflow
can be computed for any box
from the bounds and properties of that box,
and from the overflow (of that type)
of each of its children.
However, this is not always the case; for example,
when <a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-transforms-1/#propdef-transform-style">transform-style: preserve-3d</a> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css3-transforms">[CSS3-TRANSFORMS]</a> is used on
some of the children, their descendants with
<a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-transforms-1/#propdef-transform-style">transform-style: preserve-3d</a> must also be examined.
</p>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level="2.1" id="ink-overflow"><span class="secno">2.1. </span><span class="content">Ink overflow</span><a class="self-link" href="#ink-overflow"></a></h3>
<p>
The <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport="" id="ink-overflow0">ink overflow<a class="self-link" href="#ink-overflow0"></a></dfn> of a box
is the part of that box and its contents that
creates a visual effect outside of
the box’s border box.
</p>
<p>
Since some effects in CSS (for example, the blurs in
<a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-text-decor-3/#propdef-text-shadow">text-shadow</a> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css3text">[CSS3TEXT]</a> and <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#box-shadow">box-shadow</a> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css3bg">[CSS3BG]</a>)
do not define what visual extent they cover, the extent
of the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#ink-overflow0">ink overflow</a> is undefined.
</p>
<p class="issue" id="issue-1baddb1e"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-1baddb1e"></a>
Should we try to define it at all and just leave pieces undefined?
</p>
<p>
The <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport="" id="ink-overflow-region">ink overflow region<a class="self-link" href="#ink-overflow-region"></a></dfn> is the non-rectangular region
occupied by the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#ink-overflow0">ink overflow</a>, and the
<dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport="" id="ink-overflow-rectangle">ink overflow rectangle<a class="self-link" href="#ink-overflow-rectangle"></a></dfn> is
the minimal rectangle whose axis is aligned to the box’s axes
and contains the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#ink-overflow-region">ink overflow region</a>.
Note that the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#ink-overflow-rectangle">ink overflow rectangle</a> is a rectangle
in the box’s coordinate system, but might be non-rectangular
in other coordinate systems due to transforms <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css3-transforms">[CSS3-TRANSFORMS]</a>.
</p>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level="2.2" id="scrollable-overflow"><span class="secno">2.2. </span><span class="content">Scrollable overflow</span><a class="self-link" href="#scrollable-overflow"></a></h3>
<p>
The <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport="" id="scrollable-overflow0">scrollable overflow<a class="self-link" href="#scrollable-overflow0"></a></dfn> of a box is the
set of things extending outside of that box’s padding edge
for which a scrolling mechanism needs to be provided.
</p>
<p class="issue" id="issue-6b232bb5"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-6b232bb5"></a>
The following definition should be rewritten to use
the concept of <a href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-transforms/#3d-rendering-context">3D rendering context</a> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css3-transforms">[CSS3-TRANSFORMS]</a>
and related terms,
particularly once those concepts stabilize following changes
proposed in the CSS WG meeting on the morning of 2014-01-28.
</p>
<p>
Given the following definitions
<span class="issue" id="issue-101a26b2"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-101a26b2"></a>which belong in <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css3-transforms">[CSS3-TRANSFORMS]</a></span>:
</p>
<dl>
<dt><dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport="" id="3d_preserving-child">3d-preserving child<a class="self-link" href="#3d_preserving-child"></a></dfn>
<dd>
A child box B of a containing block C is a 3d-preserving
child if it has <a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-transforms-1/#propdef-transform-style">transform-style: preserve-3d</a>
and the user-agent is not required to flatten it
based on the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-transforms/#transform-style-property">requirements</a> in <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css3-transforms">[CSS3-TRANSFORMS]</a>.
<dt><dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport="" id="non_3d_preserving-child">non-3d-preserving child<a class="self-link" href="#non_3d_preserving-child"></a></dfn>
<dd>
A child C of a box P is a non-3d-preserving-child if
it is not a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#3d_preserving-child">3d-preserving child</a>.
<dt><dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport="" id="3d_preserving-descendant">3d-preserving descendant<a class="self-link" href="#3d_preserving-descendant"></a></dfn>
<dd>
Box D is a 3d-preserving descendant of box A if A is
an ancestor of D, and D and all of the boxes (if any)
in the containing block chain from D to A
are <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#3d_preserving-child">3d-preserving child</a> boxes.
</dl>
<p>The scrollable overflow of a box is the union of the following things,
all adjusted for transforms <span class="issue" id="issue-1b139c15"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-1b139c15"></a>undefined concept!</span> into the box’s coordinate space:</p>
<ul>
<li>
for the box and all of its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#3d_preserving-descendant">3d-preserving descendant</a> boxes:
<ul>
<li>the box’s own padding edge (for the box itself) or border edge (for <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#3d_preserving-descendant">3d-preserving descendant</a> boxes)
<li>the bounds <span class="issue" id="issue-2d1dc4f9"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-2d1dc4f9"></a>undefined term!</span> of any text directly in the box
<li><span class="issue" id="issue-75780f3f"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-75780f3f"></a>MORE HERE!</span>
</ul>
<li>
for all the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#non_3d_preserving-child">non-3d-preserving child</a> boxes of the
box and its <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#3d_preserving-descendant">3d-preserving descendant</a> boxes,
the scrollable overflow of the box
</ul>
<p class="issue" id="issue-e889eac0"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-e889eac0"></a>
I wrote this definition off the top of my head,
so it can’t possibly be right.
It’s missing tons of pieces!
</p>
<p class="issue" id="issue-521d48c7"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-521d48c7"></a>
The handling of preserve-3d subtrees here is probably wrong;
the elements should probably count
only towards the overflow of the element that flattens them.
</p>
<p>
The <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport="" id="scrollable-overflow-region">scrollable overflow region<a class="self-link" href="#scrollable-overflow-region"></a></dfn> is the non-rectangular region
occupied by the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#scrollable-overflow0">scrollable overflow</a>, and the
<dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport="" id="scrollable-overflow-rectangle">scrollable overflow rectangle<a class="self-link" href="#scrollable-overflow-rectangle"></a></dfn> is
the minimal rectangle whose axis is aligned to the box’s axes
and contains the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#scrollable-overflow-region">scrollable overflow region</a>.
Note that the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#scrollable-overflow-rectangle">scrollable overflow rectangle</a> is a rectangle
in the box’s coordinate system, but might be non-rectangular
in other coordinate systems due to transforms <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css3-transforms">[CSS3-TRANSFORMS]</a>.
</p>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level="2.3" id="border-box-overflow"><span class="secno">2.3. </span><span class="content">Border box overflow</span><a class="self-link" href="#border-box-overflow"></a></h3>
<p class="issue" id="issue-3930f393"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-3930f393"></a>
This concept has been proposed for some uses, such as for
determining what the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-ui-3/#propdef-outline">outline</a> property goes around, and
as the basis of a coordinate system for specifying clips and masks,
but it’s not clear if it’s needed.
</p>
<p>
The <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport="" id="border_box-overflow">border-box overflow<a class="self-link" href="#border_box-overflow"></a></dfn> of a box is the
union of the box’s border edge and the border edges of
the box’s descendants.</p>
<p></p>
<p class="issue" id="issue-42ea3c29"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-42ea3c29"></a>
If needed, define more formally, as for scrollable overflow above.
(Maybe even share the definitions in an appropriate way!)
</p>
<p>
The <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport="" id="border_box-overflow-region">border-box overflow region<a class="self-link" href="#border_box-overflow-region"></a></dfn> is the non-rectangular region
occupied by the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#border_box-overflow">border-box overflow</a>, and the
<dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport="" id="border_box-overflow-rectangle">border-box overflow rectangle<a class="self-link" href="#border_box-overflow-rectangle"></a></dfn> is
the minimal rectangle whose axis is aligned to the box’s axes
and contains the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#border_box-overflow-region">border-box overflow region</a>.
Note that the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#border_box-overflow-rectangle">border-box overflow rectangle</a> is a rectangle
in the box’s coordinate system, but might be non-rectangular
in other coordinate systems due to transforms <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css3-transforms">[CSS3-TRANSFORMS]</a>.
</p>
<h2 class="heading settled" data-level="3" id="overflow-properties"><span class="secno">3. </span><span class="content">Overflow properties</span><a class="self-link" href="#overflow-properties"></a></h2>
<p>
The <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-overflow-x">overflow-x</a> property specifies
the handling of overflow in the horizontal direction
(i.e., overflow from the left and right sides of the box),
and the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-overflow-y">overflow-y</a> property specifies the handling
of overflow in the vertical direction
(i.e., overflow from the top and bottom sides of the box)
</p>
<table class="definition propdef">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Name:
<td><dfn class="css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export="" id="propdef-overflow-x">overflow-x<a class="self-link" href="#propdef-overflow-x"></a></dfn>, <dfn class="css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export="" id="propdef-overflow-y">overflow-y<a class="self-link" href="#propdef-overflow-y"></a></dfn>
<tr>
<th>Value:
<td class="prod"><a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-overflow-visible">visible</a> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-overflow-hidden">hidden</a> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-overflow-scroll">scroll</a> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-overflow-auto">auto</a> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-overflow-paged-x">paged-x</a> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-overflow-paged-y">paged-y</a> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-overflow-paged-x-controls">paged-x-controls</a> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-overflow-paged-y-controls">paged-y-controls</a> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-overflow-fragments">fragments</a>
<tr>
<th>Initial:
<td><a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-overflow-visible">visible</a>
<tr>
<th>Applies to:
<td>block containers <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css21">[CSS21]</a>, flex containers <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css3-flexbox">[CSS3-FLEXBOX]</a>, and grid containers <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css3-grid-layout">[CSS3-GRID-LAYOUT]</a>
<tr>
<th>Inherited:
<td>no
<tr>
<th>Percentages:
<td>N/A
<tr>
<th>Media:
<td>visual
<tr>
<th>Computed value:
<td>see below
<tr>
<th>Animatable:
<td>no
<tr>
<th>Canonical order:
<td><abbr title="follows order of property value definition">per grammar</abbr></table>
<p>
The <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-overflow">overflow</a> property is a shorthand property
that sets the specified values of both <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-overflow-x">overflow-x</a> and <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-overflow-y">overflow-y</a>
to the value specified for <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-overflow">overflow</a>.
</p>
<table class="definition propdef">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Name:
<td><dfn class="css" data-dfn-type="property" data-export="" id="propdef-overflow">overflow<a class="self-link" href="#propdef-overflow"></a></dfn>
<tr>
<th>Value:
<td class="prod"><a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-overflow-visible">visible</a> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-overflow-hidden">hidden</a> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-overflow-scroll">scroll</a> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-overflow-auto">auto</a> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-overflow-paged-x">paged-x</a> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-overflow-paged-y">paged-y</a> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-overflow-paged-x-controls">paged-x-controls</a> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-overflow-paged-y-controls">paged-y-controls</a> <a data-link-type="grammar" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one">|</a> <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-overflow-fragments">fragments</a>
<tr>
<th>Initial:
<td>see individual properties
<tr>
<th>Applies to:
<td>block containers <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css21">[CSS21]</a>, flex containers <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css3-flexbox">[CSS3-FLEXBOX]</a>, and grid containers <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css3-grid-layout">[CSS3-GRID-LAYOUT]</a>
<tr>
<th>Inherited:
<td>no
<tr>
<th>Percentages:
<td>N/A
<tr>
<th>Media:
<td>visual
<tr>
<th>Computed value:
<td>see individual properties
<tr>
<th>Animatable:
<td>no
<tr>
<th>Canonical order:
<td><abbr title="follows order of property value definition">per grammar</abbr></table>
<p>The values of these properties are:</p>
<dl>
<dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="overflow" data-dfn-type="value" data-export="" id="valdef-overflow-visible">visible<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-overflow-visible"></a></dfn>
<dd>
There is no special handling of overflow, that is, it
may be rendered outside the block container.
<dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="overflow" data-dfn-type="value" data-export="" id="valdef-overflow-hidden">hidden<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-overflow-hidden"></a></dfn>
<dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="overflow" data-dfn-type="value" data-export="" id="valdef-overflow-scroll">scroll<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-overflow-scroll"></a></dfn>
<dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="overflow" data-dfn-type="value" data-export="" id="valdef-overflow-auto">auto<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-overflow-auto"></a></dfn>
<dd>
These values are collectively the <dfn data-dfn-for="overflow" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport="" id="scrolling-values">scrolling values<a class="self-link" href="#scrolling-values"></a></dfn>;
they are defined in the section on
<a href="#scrolling-overflow">scrolling and hidden overflow</a>.
<dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="overflow" data-dfn-type="value" data-export="" id="valdef-overflow-paged-x">paged-x<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-overflow-paged-x"></a></dfn>
<dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="overflow" data-dfn-type="value" data-export="" id="valdef-overflow-paged-y">paged-y<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-overflow-paged-y"></a></dfn>
<dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="overflow" data-dfn-type="value" data-export="" id="valdef-overflow-paged-x-controls">paged-x-controls<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-overflow-paged-x-controls"></a></dfn>
<dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="overflow" data-dfn-type="value" data-export="" id="valdef-overflow-paged-y-controls">paged-y-controls<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-overflow-paged-y-controls"></a></dfn>
<dt><dfn class="css" data-dfn-for="overflow" data-dfn-type="value" data-export="" id="valdef-overflow-fragments">fragments<a class="self-link" href="#valdef-overflow-fragments"></a></dfn>
<dd>
These values are collectively the <dfn data-dfn-for="overflow" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport="" id="fragmenting-values">fragmenting values<a class="self-link" href="#fragmenting-values"></a></dfn>;
they are defined in the sections on
<a href="#paginated-overflow">paginated overflow</a> and
<a href="#fragment-overflow">fragment overflow</a>.
</dl>
<div id="overflow-computed-values">
<p>The computed values of <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-overflow-x">overflow-x</a> and <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-overflow-y">overflow-y</a>
are determined from the cascaded values <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css3cascade">[CSS3CASCADE]</a>
based on the following rules:</p>
<ol>
<li>
If one or both of the cascaded values are
<a data-link-type="dfn" href="#fragmenting-values">fragmenting values</a>, then:
<ol>
<li>
If one of the cascaded values is one of the
<a data-link-type="dfn" href="#fragmenting-values">fragmenting values</a>
and the other is not,
then the computed values are
the same as the cascaded values.
<li>
If both of the cascaded values are <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#fragmenting-values">fragmenting values</a>, then:
<ol>
<li>
for horizontal writing mode <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css3-writing-modes">[CSS3-WRITING-MODES]</a>,
the computed value for <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-overflow-y">overflow-y</a> is the cascaded value
and the computed value for <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-overflow-x">overflow-x</a> is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-overflow-hidden">hidden</a>, or
<li>
for vertical writing mode <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css3-writing-modes">[CSS3-WRITING-MODES]</a>,
the computed value for <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-overflow-x">overflow-x</a> is the cascaded value
and the computed value for <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-overflow-y">overflow-y</a> is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-overflow-hidden">hidden</a>.
</ol>
</ol>
<li>
Otherwise, if one cascaded values is
one of the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#scrolling-values">scrolling values</a>
and the other is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-overflow-visible">visible</a>,
then computed values are the cascaded values
with <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-overflow-visible">visible</a> changed to <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-overflow-auto">auto</a>.
<li>
Otherwise, the computed values are as specified.
</ol>
</div>
<p class="issue" id="issue-74b71fcd"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-74b71fcd"></a>
Are all 4 of the <span class="css">paged-*</span> values really needed?
</p>
<p>
When the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#fragmenting-values">fragmenting values</a> are used,
the overflow from the fragments themselves
treats the fragmenting value as <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-overflow-hidden">hidden</a>.
<span class="issue" id="issue-ef127061"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-ef127061"></a>Is this the right behavior?</span>
<span class="issue" id="issue-78cdbe9b"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-78cdbe9b"></a>Give example.</span>
</p>
<p class="issue" id="issue-52e2a181"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-52e2a181"></a>
<a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css3-marquee">[CSS3-MARQUEE]</a> describes an <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/CR-css3-marquee-20081205/#the-overflow-style">overflow-style</a> property,
but it has not picked up implementation experience
that the working group is aware of.
Should this document treat <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/CR-css3-marquee-20081205/#the-overflow-style">overflow-style</a> as a defunct proposal,
or should this document describe the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/CR-css3-marquee-20081205/#the-overflow-style">overflow-style</a> property
and attempt to revive it,
despite that implementations have implemented
<a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-overflow-x">overflow-x</a> and <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-overflow-y">overflow-y</a> instead?
</p>
<p class="issue" id="issue-a8b88d7e"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-a8b88d7e"></a>
There are <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/2012May/1197.html">discussions</a>
about how overflow, overflow-style, overflow-x and overflow-y
should work and interact with each other.
Until consensus on this topic is reached,
it is not completely clear which of these
should be used for
paged-x | paged-y | paged-x-controls | paged-y-controls | fragments
</p>
<h2 class="heading settled" data-level="4" id="scrolling-overflow"><span class="secno">4. </span><span class="content">Scrolling and hidden overflow</span><a class="self-link" href="#scrolling-overflow"></a></h2>
<p class="issue" id="issue-75945e26"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-75945e26"></a>
Move material from <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css21">[CSS21]</a> and <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css3box">[CSS3BOX]</a> here.
</p>
<p class="issue" id="issue-c318b1c1"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-c318b1c1"></a>
Explain which directions allow scrolling and which don’t,
as a function of <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-direction">direction</a>
(including propagation of <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-direction">direction</a> to the ICB).
</p>
<h2 class="heading settled" data-level="5" id="paginated-overflow"><span class="secno">5. </span><span class="content">Paginated overflow</span><a class="self-link" href="#paginated-overflow"></a></h2>
<p class="issue" id="issue-0a5e0b64"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-0a5e0b64"></a>overflow:paginate or overflow:pages (or paged-x, paged-y, paged-x-controls, paged-y-controls as <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css3gcpm">[CSS3GCPM]</a> has?)</p>
<p class="issue" id="issue-22961e25"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-22961e25"></a>Ability to display N pages at once
rather than just one page at once?</p>
<p class="issue" id="issue-1f266e7d"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-1f266e7d"></a>
The current implementation of paginated overflow uses
the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-overflow">overflow</a>/<a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-overflow-x">overflow-x</a>/<a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-overflow-y">overflow-y</a> properties
rather than the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/CR-css3-marquee-20081205/#the-overflow-style">overflow-style</a> property as proposed
in the <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css3gcpm">[CSS3GCPM]</a> draft
(which also matches the <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css3-marquee">[CSS3-MARQUEE]</a> proposal).
We should probably switch away from <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/CR-css3-marquee-20081205/#the-overflow-style">overflow-style</a>,
but that’s not 100% clear.
</p>
<h2 class="heading settled" data-level="6" id="fragment-overflow"><span class="secno">6. </span><span class="content">Fragment overflow</span><a class="self-link" href="#fragment-overflow"></a></h2>
<p>
This section introduces and defines the meaning of
the new <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-overflow-fragments">fragments</a> value of the <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-overflow">overflow</a> property.
</p>
<p>
When the computed value of <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-overflow">overflow</a> for an element is <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-overflow-fragments">fragments</a>,
and implementations would otherwise have created a box for the element,
then implementations must create a sequence of <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport="" id="fragment-box">fragment box<a class="self-link" href="#fragment-box"></a></dfn>es
for that element.
(It is possible for an element with <a class="css" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-overflow">overflow: fragments</a>
to generate only one <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#fragment-box">fragment box</a>.
However, if an element’s computed <a class="property" data-link-type="propdesc" href="#propdef-overflow">overflow</a> is not <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#valdef-overflow-fragments">fragments</a>,
then its box is not a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#fragment-box">fragment box</a>.)
Every <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#fragment-box">fragment box</a> is a fragmentation container,
and any overflow
that would cause that fragmentation container to fragment
causes another <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#fragment-box">fragment box</a> created as a next sibling
of the previous one.
<span class="issue" id="issue-74f423ed"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-74f423ed"></a>Or is it as though it’s a next sibling of
the element? Need to figure out exactly how this interacts with
other box-level fixup.</span>
Additionally, if the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#fragment-box">fragment box</a> is also
a multi-column box (as defined in <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css3col">[CSS3COL]</a>
<span class="issue" id="issue-928903ce"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-928903ce"></a>though it defines <i>multi-column element</i></span>)
any content that would lead to the creation of <a data-link-type="dfn" href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-multicol/#overflow-columns">overflow columns</a> <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-css3col">[CSS3COL]</a>
instead is flown into an additional fragment box.
However, fragment boxes may themselves be broken
(due to fragmentation in a fragmentation context outside of them,
such as pages, columns, or other fragment boxes);
such breaking leads to fragments of the same fragment box
rather than multiple fragment boxes.
(This matters because fragment boxes may be styled by their index;
such breaking leads to multiple fragments of a fragment box
with a single index.
This design choice is so that
breaking a fragment box across pages does not break
the association of indices to particular pieces of content.)
<span class="issue" id="issue-060b1de8"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-060b1de8"></a>Should a forced break that breaks to
an outer fragmentation context cause a new fragment of a single
fragment box or a new fragment box?</span>
<span class="issue" id="issue-5b4b087c"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-5b4b087c"></a>Should we find a term other than
<a data-link-type="dfn" href="#fragment-box">fragment box</a> here to make this a little less confusing?</span>
</p>
<p class="issue" id="issue-c4f3aedb"><a class="self-link" href="#issue-c4f3aedb"></a>
What if we want to be able to style the pieces of an element
split within another type of fragmentation context?
These rules prevent ever using <a class="css" data-link-type="maybe" href="#selectordef-nth-fragment">::nth-fragment()</a> for that,
despite that the name seems the most logical name for such a feature.
</p>
<div class="example">
<table class="source-demo-pair">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre><!DOCTYPE HTML>
<title>Breaking content into
equal-sized cards</title>
<style>
.in-cards {
overflow: fragments;
width: 13em;
height: 8em;
padding: 4px;
border: medium solid blue;
margin: 6px;
font: medium/1.3 Times New
Roman, Times, serif;
}
</style>
<div class="in-cards">
In this example, the text in the div
is broken into a series of cards.
These cards all have the same style.
The presence of enough content to
overflow one of the cards causes
another one to be created. The second
card is created just like it’s the
next sibling of the first.