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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Generated content, automatic numbering, and lists</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style/default.css" type="text/css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-REC.css" type="text/css">
<link rel="prev" href="visufx.html">
<link rel="next" href="page.html">
<link rel="contents" href="cover.html#minitoc">
<link rel="CSS-properties" href="propidx.html" title="properties">
<link rel="index" href="indexlist.html" title="index">
<link rel="first" href="cover.html">
<script src="./annotate.js#CSS21_DEV" type="text/javascript" defer></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="navbar">
<p><a href="visufx.html">previous</a>
<a href="page.html">next</a>
<a href="cover.html#minitoc">contents</a>
<a href="propidx.html">properties</a>
<a href="indexlist.html">index</a>
</div>
<hr class="navbar">
<h1>12
<a name="generated-text">Generated</a> <a name="x0"><span class="index-def"
title="generated content">content</span></a>, automatic <a name="x1"><span
class="index-def" title="automatic numbering">numbering</span></a>,
and lists</h1>
<div class="subtoc">
<p><strong>Contents</strong>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline2"><a href="generate.html#before-after-content" class="tocxref">12.1 The <span class="index-def" title=":before|pseudo-elements:::before|before">:before</span> and <span class="index-def" title=":after|pseudo-elements:::after|after">:after</span> pseudo-elements</a>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="generate.html#content" class="tocxref">12.2 The <span class="propinst-content">'content'</span> property</a>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="generate.html#quotes" class="tocxref">12.3 <del>Interaction of :before and :after with 'compact' and 'run-in' elements 12.4</del>Quotation marks</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline3"><a href="generate.html#quotes-specify" class="tocxref"> <del>12.4.1</del><ins>12.3.1</ins> Specifying quotes with the <span class="propinst-quotes">'quotes'</span> property</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="generate.html#quotes-insert" class="tocxref"> <del>12.4.2</del><ins>12.3.2</ins> Inserting quotes with the <span class="propinst-content">'content'</span> property</a>
</ul>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="generate.html#counters" class="tocxref"> <del>12.5</del><ins>12.4</ins> Automatic <span class="index-def" title="counters">counters</span> and numbering</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline3"><a href="generate.html#scope" class="tocxref"> <del>12.5.1</del><ins>12.4.1</ins> Nested counters and scope</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="generate.html#counter-styles" class="tocxref"> <del>12.5.2</del><ins>12.4.2</ins> Counter styles</a>
<li class="tocline3"><a href="generate.html#undisplayed-counters" class="tocxref"> <del>12.5.3</del><ins>12.4.3</ins> Counters in elements with 'display: none'</a>
</ul>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="generate.html#lists" class="tocxref"> <del>12.6 Markers and</del><ins>12.5</ins> Lists</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline3"><a href="generate.html#list-style" class="tocxref"> <del>12.6.1 Markers: the 'marker-offset' property 12.6.2</del><ins>12.5.1</ins> Lists: the <span class="propinst-list-style-type">'list-style-type'</span>, <span class="propinst-list-style-image">'list-style-image'</span>, <span class="propinst-list-style-position">'list-style-position'</span>, and <span class="propinst-list-style">'list-style'</span> properties</a>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<p>In some cases, authors may want user agents to render content
that does not come from the <a href="conform.html#doctree">document
tree</a>. One familiar example of this is a numbered list; the author
does not want to list the numbers explicitly, he or she wants the
user agent to generate them automatically. Similarly, authors
may want the user agent to insert the word
"Figure" before the caption of a figure, or "Chapter 7" before the
seventh chapter title. For audio or braille in particular, user agents
should be able to insert these strings.
<p>In <del>CSS2,</del><ins>CSS 2.1,</ins> content may be generated by <del>several</del><ins>two</ins> mechanisms:</p>
<ul>
<li>The <a href="generate.html#propdef-content" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-content">'content'</span></a>
property, in conjunction with the :before and :after pseudo-elements.
<li> <del>The 'cue-before' , 'cue-after' aural properties (see the chapter on aural style sheets ). When the 'content' property is combined with the aural properties they are rendered in the following order: :before, 'cue-before' , ( 'pause-before' ), the element's content, ( 'pause-after' ), 'cue-after' , and :after.</del>Elements with a value of 'list-item'
for the <a href="visuren.html#propdef-display" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-display">'display'</span></a> property.
</ul>
<h2> <del>Below we describe the mechanisms associated with the 'content' property.</del>12.1 <a name="before-after-content">The</a> <a name="x2"><span class="index-def"
title=":before|pseudo-elements:::before|before">:before</span></a> and <a name="x5"><span
class="index-def" title=":after|pseudo-elements:::after|after">:after</span></a>
pseudo-elements</h2>
<p>Authors specify the style and location of generated content with
the :before and :after pseudo-elements. As their names indicate, the
:before and :after pseudo-elements specify the location of content
before and after an element's <a href="conform.html#doctree">document
tree</a> content. The <a href="generate.html#propdef-content" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-content">'content'</span></a>
property, in conjunction with these pseudo-elements, specifies what is
inserted.
<div class=example><P style="display:none">Example(s):</P>
<p>For example, the following rule inserts the string "Note: "
before the content of
every P element whose "class" attribute has the value "note":</p>
<pre>
p.note:before { content: "Note: " }
</pre>
</div>
<P>The formatting objects (e.g., boxes) generated by an element include
generated content. So, for example, changing the above style sheet
to:</p>
<pre class="example">
p.note:before { content: "Note: " }
p.note { border: solid green }
</pre>
<P>would cause a solid green border to be rendered around the entire
paragraph, including the initial string.
<P>The :before and :after pseudo-elements <a
href="cascade.html#inheritance">inherit</a> any inheritable properties
from the element in the document tree to which they are attached.</p>
<div class=example><P style="display:none">Example(s):</P>
<p>For example, the following rules insert an open quote mark before every
Q element. The color of the quote mark will be red, but the font will
be the same as the font of the rest of the Q element:</p>
<pre>
q:before {
content: open-quote;
color: red
}
</pre>
</div>
<p>In a :before or :after pseudo-element declaration, non-inherited
properties take their <a href="about.html#initial-value">initial
values</a>.</p>
<div class=example><P style="display:none">Example(s):</P>
<p>So, for example, because the initial value of the <a href="visuren.html#propdef-display" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-display">'display'</span></a> property is 'inline', the
quote in the previous example is inserted as an inline box (i.e.,
on the same line as the element's initial text content).
The next example explicitly sets the
<a href="visuren.html#propdef-display" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-display">'display'</span></a> property to
'block', so that the inserted text becomes a block:</p>
<pre>
body:after {
content: "The End";
display: block;
margin-top: 2em;
text-align: center;
}
</pre>
</div>
<p> <del>Note that an audio user agent would speak the words "The End" after rendering the rest of the BODY content. User agents must ignore the following properties with :before and :after pseudo-elements: 'position' , 'float' , list properties, and table properties.</del>The :before and :after pseudo-elements <del>elements allow values of the 'display' property</del><ins>interact with other
boxes</ins> as <del>follows:</del>if <ins>they were real elements inserted just
inside their associated element.</ins></p>
<div class="example"><P style="display:none"><ins>Example(s):</ins></P>
<p><ins>For example,</ins> the <del>subject of the selector is a block-level element, allowed values are 'none', 'inline', 'block',</del><ins>following document fragment</ins> and <del>'marker'. If the value of the 'display' has any other value,</del><ins>style sheet:</ins></p>
<pre>
<ins><p> Text </p> p:before { display: block; content: 'Some'; }</ins>
</pre>
<p><ins>...would render in exactly</ins> the <del>pseudo-element will behave</del><ins>same way</ins> as <del>if</del>the <del>value were 'block'. If the subject of the selector is an inline-level element, allowed values are 'none'</del><ins>following document
fragment</ins> and <del>'inline'. If the value of</del><ins>style sheet:</ins></p>
<pre>
<ins><p><span>Some</span> Text </p> span { display: block }</ins>
</pre>
<p><ins>Similarly,</ins> the <del>'display' has any other value,</del><ins>following document fragment and style sheet:</ins></p>
<pre>
<ins><h2> Header </h2> h2:after { display: block; content: 'Thing'; }</ins>
</pre>
<p><ins>...would render in exactly</ins> the <del>pseudo-element will behave</del><ins>same way</ins> as <del>if</del>the <del>value were 'inline'.</del><ins>following document
fragment and style sheet:</ins></p>
<pre>
<ins><h2> Header <span>Thing</span></h2> h2 { display: block; }
span { display: block; }</ins>
</pre>
</div>
<div class="note">
<p><strong>Note.</strong> <del>Other values may</del><ins>This specification does not fully define the interaction of :before
and :after with replaced elements (such as IMG in HTML). This will</ins>
be <del>permitted</del><ins>defined</ins> in <ins>more detail in a</ins> future <del>levels of CSS.</del><ins>specification.</ins></p>
</div>
<h2>12.2 <a name="content">The</a> <a href="generate.html#propdef-content" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-content">'content'</span></a> property</h2>
<div class="propdef">
<dl><dt>
<span class="index-def" title="'content'"><a name="propdef-content" class="propdef-title"><strong>'content'</strong></a></span>
<dd>
<table class="propinfo" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Value:</em> <td><ins>normal | none |</ins> [ <a href="syndata.html#value-def-string" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-string"><string></span></a> | <a href="syndata.html#value-def-uri" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-uri"><uri></span></a> | <a href="syndata.html#value-def-counter" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-counter"><counter></span></a> | <del>attr(X)</del><ins>attr(</ins><a href="syndata.html#value-def-identifier" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-identifier"><ins><identifier></ins></span></a><ins>)</ins> | open-quote | close-quote | no-open-quote | no-close-quote ]+ | <a href="cascade.html#value-def-inherit" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-inherit">inherit</span></a>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Initial:</em> <td> <del>empty string</del><ins>normal</ins>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Applies to:</em> <td>:before and :after pseudo-elements
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Inherited:</em> <td>no
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Percentages:</em> <td>N/A
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Media:</em> <td><a href="media.html#all-media-group" class="noxref">all</a>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em><ins>Computed value:</ins></em><ins> </ins><td><ins>On elements, always computes to 'normal'. On :before and :after, if
'normal' is specified, computes to 'none'. Otherwise, for URI
values, the absolute URI; for attr() values, the resulting string;
for other keywords, as specified.</ins>
</table>
</dl>
</div>
<p>This property is used with the :before and :after pseudo-elements
to generate content in a document. Values have the following
meanings:</p>
<dl>
<dt><a name="x9"><span class="index-inst" title="none"><strong><ins>none</ins></strong></span></a>
<dd><ins>The pseudo-element is not generated.</ins></dd>
<dt><a name="x10"><span class="index-inst" title="normal"><strong><ins>normal</ins></strong></span></a>
<dd><ins>Computes to 'none' for the :before and :after pseudo-elements.</ins></dd>
<dt><span class="index-inst" title="<string>"><a name="x11" href="syndata.html#value-def-string" class="noxref"><span
class="value-inst-string"><strong><string></strong></span></a></span>
<dd>Text content
(see the section on <a href="syndata.html#strings">strings</a>).
<dt><span class="index-inst" title="<uri>"><a name="x12" href="syndata.html#value-def-uri" class="noxref"><span
class="value-inst-uri"><strong><uri></strong></span></a></span>
<dd>The value is a URI that designates an external <del>resource.</del><ins>resource (such as an image).</ins>
If <del>a</del><ins>the</ins> user agent cannot <del>support</del><ins>display</ins> the resource <del>because of the media types it supports,</del>it must <del>ignore the resource. Note. CSS2 offers no mechanism to change the size of the embedded object,</del><ins>either leave
it out as if it were not specified</ins> or <del>to provide a textual description, like</del><ins>display some indication that</ins>
the <del>"alt" or "longdesc" attributes do for images in HTML. This may change in future levels of CSS.</del><ins>resource cannot be displayed.</ins>
<dt><span class="index-inst" title="<counter>"><a name="x13" href="syndata.html#value-def-counter" class="noxref"><span
class="value-inst-counter"><strong><counter></strong></span></a></span>
<dd><a href="syndata.html#counter">Counters</a> may be specified
with two different functions: 'counter()' or 'counters()'.
The former has two forms:
'counter(<var>name</var>)' or 'counter(<var>name</var>,
<var>style</var>)'.
The generated text is the value of the <del>named</del><ins>innermost</ins> counter <ins>of the given
name in scope</ins> at this <del>point in the formatting structure;</del><ins>pseudo-element;</ins> it is formatted in the indicated
<a href="#counter-styles">style</a> ('decimal' by default). The latter
function also has two forms: <del>'counter(</del><ins>'counters(</ins><var>name</var>,
<var>string</var>)' or <del>'counter(</del><ins>'counters(</ins><var>name</var>, <var>string</var>,
<var>style</var>)'. The generated text is the value of all counters
with the given name <ins>in scope</ins> at this <del>point in the formatting structure,</del><ins>pseudo-element, from outermost to
innermost</ins> separated by the specified string. The counters are rendered
in the indicated <a href="#counter-styles">style</a> ('decimal' by
default). See the section on <a href="#counters">automatic counters
and numbering</a> for more information.
<ins>The name must not be 'none', 'inherit' or 'initial'. Such a name
causes the declaration to be ignored.</ins>
<dt><span class="index-inst"
title="open-quote"><a name="x14" href="generate.html#value-def-open-quote" class="noxref"><span
class="value-inst-open-quote"><strong>open-quote</strong></span></a></span>
and <span class="index-inst" title="close-quote"><a name="x15" href="generate.html#value-def-close-quote" class="noxref"><span
class="value-inst-close-quote"><strong>close-quote</strong></span></a></span>
<dd>These values are replaced by the appropriate string
from the <a href="generate.html#propdef-quotes" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-quotes"><strong>'quotes'</strong></span></a> property.
<dt><span class="index-inst" title="no-open-quote"><a name="x16" href="generate.html#value-def-no-open-quote" class="noxref"><span
class="value-inst-no-open-quote"><strong>no-open-quote</strong></span></a></span>
and <span class="index-inst" title="no-close-quote"><a name="x17" href="generate.html#value-def-no-close-quote" class="noxref"><span
class="value-inst-no-close-quote"><strong>no-close-quote</strong></span></a></span>
<dd> <del>Inserts nothing (the empty string),</del><ins>Introduces no content,</ins> but increments (decrements) the level of nesting for quotes.
<dt><a name="x18"><span class="index-def" title="attr()"><strong>attr(X)</strong></span></a>
<dd>This function returns as a string the value of attribute X
for the subject of the selector. The
string is not parsed by the CSS processor. If the subject of the selector
<del>doesn't</del><ins>does not</ins> have an attribute X, an empty string is returned. The
case-sensitivity of attribute names depends on the document language.
</dl>
<div class="note">
<strong>Note.</strong> In <del>CSS2,</del><ins>CSS 2.1,</ins> it is not possible to refer to
attribute values for other elements <ins>than the subject</ins> of the selector.
</div>
<P>The <a href="visuren.html#propdef-display" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-display">'display'</span></a> property
controls whether the content is placed in a <del>block, inline,</del><ins>block</ins> or <del>marker</del><ins>inline</ins> box.
<div class="example"><P style="display:none"> <del>Authors should put 'content' declarations in @media rules when the content is media-sensitive. For instance, literal text may be used for any media group, but images only apply to the visual + bitmap media groups, and sound files only apply to the aural media group.</del>Example(s):</P><p>The following rule causes <del>a sound file</del><ins>the string "Chapter: "</ins> to be <del>played at the end of a quotation (see the section on aural style sheets for additional mechanisms): @media aural { BLOCKQUOTE:after { content: url("beautiful-music.wav") } } Example(s): The next rule inserts the text of the HTML "alt" attribute</del><ins>generated</ins> before <del>the image. If the image is not displayed, the reader will still see the "alt" text. IMG:before</del><ins>each H1 element:</ins></p>
<pre>
<ins>H1:before</ins> {
content: <del>attr(alt)</del><ins>"Chapter: ";
display: inline;</ins>
}
</pre>
</div>
<p>Authors may include newlines in the generated content by writing
the "\A" escape sequence in one of the strings after the <a href="generate.html#propdef-content" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-content">'content'</span></a> property. This <del>inserts a forced</del><ins>inserted</ins> line
break <del>, similar</del><ins>is still subject</ins> to the <a href="text.html#propdef-white-space" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-white-space"> <del>BR element in HTML.</del><ins>'white-space'</ins></span></a> <ins>property.</ins> See <a
href="syndata.html#strings">"Strings"</a> and <a
href="syndata.html#escaped-characters">"Characters and case"</a> for
more information on the "\A" escape sequence.
<div class="example"><P style="display:none">Example(s):</P><P>
<PRE>
h1:before {
display: block;
text-align: center;
<ins>white-space: pre;</ins>
content: "chapter\A hoofdstuk\A chapitre"
}
</pre>
</div>
<P>Generated content does not alter the document tree. In particular, it
is not fed back to the document language processor (e.g., for
reparsing).
<h2> <del>Note.</del><ins>12.3</ins> <a name="quotes"><ins>Quotation marks</ins></a></h2>
<P>In <del>future levels of CSS, the 'content' property</del><ins>CSS 2.1, authors</ins> may <del>accept additional values, allowing it to vary the style of pieces of the generated content, but</del><ins>specify,</ins> in <del>CSS2, all</del><ins>a style-sensitive and
context-dependent manner, how user agents should render quotation
marks.</ins> The <a href="generate.html#propdef-quotes" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-quotes"> <del>content</del><ins>'quotes'</ins></span></a> <ins>property
specifies pairs</ins> of <del>the :before or :after pseudo-element has the same style. 12.3 Interaction</del><ins>quotation marks for each level</ins> of <del>:before</del><ins>embedded
quotation. The</ins> <a href="generate.html#propdef-content" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-content"><ins>'content'</ins></span></a>
<ins>property gives access to those quotation marks</ins> and <del>:after with 'compact'</del><ins>causes them to be
inserted before</ins> and <del>'run-in'</del><ins>after a quotation.</ins>
<H3><ins>12.3.1</ins> <a name="quotes-specify"><ins>Specifying quotes</ins></a> <ins>with the</ins> <a href="generate.html#propdef-quotes" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-quotes"><ins>'quotes'</ins></span></a> <ins>property</ins></H3>
<div class="propdef">
<dl><dt>
<span class="index-def" title="'quotes'"><a name="propdef-quotes" class="propdef-title"><strong><ins>'quotes'</ins></strong></a></span>
<dd>
<table class="propinfo" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em><ins>Value:</ins></em><ins> </ins><td><ins>[</ins><a href="syndata.html#value-def-string" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-string"><ins><string></ins></span></a> <a href="syndata.html#value-def-string" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-string"><ins><string></ins></span></a><ins>]+ | none |</ins> <a href="cascade.html#value-def-inherit" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-inherit"><ins>inherit</ins></span></a>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em><ins>Initial:</ins></em><ins> </ins><td><ins>depends on user agent</ins>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em><ins>Applies to:</ins></em><ins> </ins><td><ins>all</ins> elements
<tr valign=baseline><td><em><ins>Inherited:</ins></em><ins> </ins><td><ins>yes</ins>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em><ins>Percentages:</ins></em><ins> </ins><td><ins>N/A</ins>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em><ins>Media:</ins></em><ins> </ins><td><a href="media.html#visual-media-group" class="noxref"><ins>visual</ins></a>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em><ins>Computed value:</ins></em><ins> </ins><td><ins>as specified</ins>
</table>
</dl>
</div>
<P><ins>This property specifies quotation marks for any number of embedded
quotations. Values have</ins> the following <del>cases can occur: A 'run-in' or 'compact' element has a :before pseudo-element</del><ins>meanings:</ins></p>
<dl>
<dt><strong><ins>none</ins></strong>
<dd><ins>The 'open-quote' and 'close-quote' values</ins> of <del>type 'inline':</del>the
<a href="generate.html#propdef-content" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-content"> <del>pseudo-element is taken into account when</del><ins>'content'</ins></span></a> <ins>property
produce no quotation marks.</ins>
<dt><ins>[</ins><span class="index-inst" title="<string>"><a name="x20" href="syndata.html#value-def-string" class="noxref"><span
class="value-inst-string"><strong><ins><string></ins></strong></span></a></span>
<ins> </ins><span class="index-inst" title="<string>"><a name="x21" href="syndata.html#value-def-string" class="noxref"><span
class="value-inst-string"><strong><ins><string></ins></strong></span></a></span><ins>]+</ins>
<dd><ins>Values for</ins> the <del>size</del><ins>'open-quote' and 'close-quote' values</ins> of the
<a href="generate.html#propdef-content" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-content"> <del>element's box is computed (for 'compact')</del><ins>'content'</ins></span></a> <ins>property are taken
from this list of pairs of quotation marks (opening</ins> and
<del>is rendered inside</del><ins>closing).</ins> The <del>same block box as</del><ins>first (leftmost) pair represents</ins> the <del>element. A 'run-in' or 'compact' element has an :after pseudo-element</del><ins>outermost level</ins> of
<del>type 'inline':</del><ins>quotation,</ins> the <del>rules of</del><ins>second pair</ins> the <del>previous point apply. A 'run-in' or 'compact' element has a :before pseudo-element</del><ins>first level</ins> of <del>type 'block': the pseudo-element is formatted as a block above</del><ins>embedding, etc.</ins> The <del>element, and does not take part in</del><ins>user
agent must apply</ins> the <del>computation</del><ins>appropriate pair</ins> of <ins>quotation marks according to</ins>
the <del>element's size (for 'compact'). A 'run-in' or 'compact' element has an :after pseudo-element</del><ins>level</ins> of <del>type 'block': both</del><ins>embedding.</ins>
</dl>
<div class="example"><P style="display:none"><ins>Example(s):</ins></P>
<P><ins>For example, applying</ins> the <del>element and its :after pseudo-element are formatted as block boxes. The element is not formatted as an inline box in its own :after pseudo-element. The element following a 'run-in' or 'compact' element has a :before of type 'block': the decision how to format the 'run-in'/'compact' element is made with respect to the block box resulting from the :before pseudo-element. The element</del>following <del>a 'run-in' or 'compact' element has an :before of type 'inline': the decision how to format the 'run-in'/'compact' element depends on the 'display' value of the element to which the :before is attached. Example(s): Here is an example of a 'run-in' header with an :after pseudo-element, followed by a paragraph with a :before pseudo-element. All pseudo-elements are inline (the default) in this example. When the</del>style sheet:</p>
<PRE class="example">
<del>H3</del><ins>/* Specify pairs of quotes for two levels in two languages */
q:lang(en)</ins> { <del>display: run-in</del><ins>quotes: '"' '"' "'" "'" }
q:lang(no) { quotes: "«" "»" '"' '"'</ins> }
<del>H3:after</del><ins>/* Insert quotes before and after Q element content */
q:before</ins> { content: <del>": "</del><ins>open-quote</ins> }
<del>P:before</del><ins>q:after</ins> { content: <del>"... "</del><ins>close-quote</ins> }
</PRE>
<P> <del>is applied</del>to <del>this source document: <H3>Centaurs</H3> <P>have hoofs <P>have a tail</del>the <del>visual formatting will resemble: Centaurs: ... have hoofs ... have a tail 12.4 Quotation marks In CSS2, authors may specify, in</del><ins>following HTML fragment:</ins></p>
<PRE class="html-example">
<ins><HTML lang="en">
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Quotes</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<P><Q>Quote me!</Q>
</BODY>
</HTML></ins>
</PRE>
<P><ins>would allow</ins> a <del>style-sensitive and context-dependent manner, how</del>user <del>agents should render quotation marks.</del><ins>agent to produce:</ins></p>
<PRE class="ascii-art">
<ins>"Quote me!"</ins>
</PRE>
<P><ins>while this HTML fragment:</ins></p>
<PRE class="html-example">
<ins><HTML lang="no">
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Quotes</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<P><Q>Trøndere gråter når <Q>Vinsjan på kaia</Q> blir deklamert.</Q>
</BODY>
</HTML></ins>
</PRE>
<P><ins>would produce:</ins></p>
<PRE class="ascii-art">
<ins>«Trøndere gråter når "Vinsjan på kaia" blir deklamert.»</ins>
</PRE>
</div>
<div class="note"><P>
<em><strong><ins>Note.</ins></strong>
<ins>While</ins> the <del>'quotes' property specifies pairs of</del>quotation marks <del>for each level of embedded quotation. The 'content' property gives access to those quotation marks and causes them to be inserted before and after a quotation. 12.4.1 Specifying quotes with the 'quotes' property 'quotes' Value: [ <string> <string> ]+ | none | inherit Initial: depends on user agent Applies to: all elements Inherited: yes Percentages: N/A Media: visual This property specifies quotation marks for any number of embedded quotations. Values have the following meanings: none The 'open-quote' and 'close-quote' values of the 'content' property produce no quotations marks. [ <string> <string> ]+ Values for the 'open-quote' and 'close-quote' values of the 'content' property are taken from this list of pairs of quotation marks (opening and closing). The first (leftmost) pair represents the outermost level of quotation, the second pair the first level of embedding, etc. The user agent must apply the appropriate pair of quotation marks according to the level of embedding. Example(s): For example, applying the following style sheet: /* Specify pairs of quotes for two levels in two languages */ Q:lang(en) { quotes: '"' '"' "'" "'" } Q:lang(no) { quotes: "«" "»" "<" ">" } /* Insert quotes before and after Q element content */ Q:before { content: open-quote } Q:after { content: close-quote } to the following HTML fragment: <HTML lang="en"> <HEAD> <TITLE>Quotes</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <P><Q>Quote me!</Q> </BODY> </HTML> would allow a user agent to produce: "Quote me!" while this HTML fragment: <HTML lang="no"> <HEAD> <TITLE>Quotes</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <P><Q>Trøndere gråter når <Q>Vinsjan på kaia</Q> blir deklamert.</Q> </BODY> </HTML> would produce: «Trøndere gråter når <Vinsjan på kaia> blir deklamert.» Note. While the quotation marks specified by 'quotes' in</del><ins>specified by</ins> <a href="generate.html#propdef-quotes" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-quotes"><ins>'quotes'</ins></span></a> <ins>in</ins> the previous examples are
conveniently located on computer keyboards, high quality typesetting
would require different ISO 10646 characters. The following
informative table lists some of the ISO 10646 quotation
mark characters:</em></p>
822A
<TABLE border>
<TR><TH><ins>Character</ins></TH><TH>Approximate rendering<TH>ISO 10646 code (hex)<TH>Description
<TR><TD><ins>"</ins><TD>"<TD>0022<TD>QUOTATION MARK [the ASCII double quotation mark]
<TR><TD><ins>'</ins><TD>'<TD>0027<TD>APOSTROPHE [the ASCII single quotation mark]
<TR><TD><ins>‹</ins><TD><<TD>2039<TD>SINGLE LEFT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
<TR><TD><ins>›</ins><TD>><TD>203A<TD>SINGLE RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
<TR><TD><ins>«</ins><TD>«<TD>00AB<TD>LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
<TR><TD><ins>»</ins><TD>»<TD>00BB<TD>RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
<TR><TD><ins>‘</ins><TD>`<TD>2018<TD>LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK [single high-6]
<TR><TD><ins>’</ins><TD>'<TD>2019<TD>RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK [single high-9]
<TR><TD><ins>“</ins><TD>``<TD>201C<TD>LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK [double high-6]
<TR><TD><ins>”</ins><TD>''<TD>201D<TD>RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK [double high-9]
<TR><TD><ins>„</ins><TD>,,<TD>201E<TD>DOUBLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK [double low-9]
</TABLE>
</div>
<H3> <del>12.4.2</del><ins>12.3.2</ins> <a name="quotes-insert">Inserting quotes</a> with the <a href="generate.html#propdef-content" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-content">'content'</span></a> property</H3>
<p>Quotation marks are inserted in appropriate places in a document
with the <span class="index-def" title="open-quote"><a
class="value-def" name="value-def-open-quote">'open-quote'</a></span>
and <span class="index-def" title="close-quote"><a class="value-def"
name="value-def-close-quote">'close-quote'</a></span> values of the
<a href="generate.html#propdef-content" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-content">'content'</span></a> property. Each
occurrence of 'open-quote' or 'close-quote' is replaced by one of the
strings from the value of <a href="generate.html#propdef-quotes" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-quotes">'quotes'</span></a>, based on the depth of
nesting.
<p>'Open-quote' refers to the first of a pair of quotes, 'close-quote'
refers to the second. Which pair of quotes is used depends on the
nesting level of quotes: the number of occurrences of 'open-quote' in
all generated text before the current occurrence, minus the number of
occurrences of 'close-quote'. If the depth is 0, the first pair is
used, if the depth is 1, the second pair is used, etc. If the depth is
greater than the number of pairs, the last pair is repeated. <del>Note</del><ins>A 'close-quote'
or 'no-close-quote'</ins> that <del>this</del><ins>would make the depth negative is in error and is
ignored (at rendering time): the depth stays at 0 and no quote mark is
rendered (although the rest of the 'content' property's value is still
inserted).</ins>
<div class="note"><p>
<em><strong><ins>Note.</ins></strong> <ins>The</ins> quoting depth is independent of the nesting
of the source document or the formatting structure.</em>
</p></div>
<p>Some typographic styles require open quotation marks to be repeated
before every paragraph of a quote spanning several paragraphs, but
only the last paragraph ends with a closing quotation mark. In CSS,
this can be achieved by inserting "phantom" closing quotes. The
keyword <span class="index-def" title="no-close-quote"><a
class="value-def"
name="value-def-no-close-quote">'no-close-quote'</a></span> decrements
the quoting level, but does not insert a quotation mark.
<div class="example"><P style="display:none">Example(s):</P>
<p>The following style sheet puts opening quotation marks on every
paragraph in a BLOCKQUOTE, and inserts a single closing quote at the
end:
<pre>
blockquote p:before { content: open-quote }
blockquote p:after { content: no-close-quote }
blockquote p.last:after { content: close-quote }
</pre>
<P>This relies on the last paragraph being marked with a class <del>"last", since there are no selectors that can match the last child of an element.</del><ins>"last".</ins>
</div>
<p>For symmetry, there is also a <span class="index-def"
title="no-open-quote"><a class="value-def"
name="value-def-no-open-quote">'no-open-quote'</a></span> keyword,
which inserts nothing, but increments the quotation depth by one.
<h2> <del>Note. If a quotation is in a different language than the surrounding text, it is customary to quote the text with the quote marks of the language of the surrounding text, not the language of the quotation itself. Example(s): For example, French inside English: The device of the order of the garter is “Honi soit qui mal y pense.” English inside French: Il disait: « Il faut mettre l'action en ‹ fast forward ›.» A style sheet like the following will set the 'quotes' property so that 'open-quote' and 'close-quote' will work correctly on all elements. These rules are for documents that contain only English, French, or both. One rule is needed for every additional language. Note the use of the child combinator (">") to set quotes on elements based on the language of the surrounding text: [LANG|=fr] > * { quotes: "«" "»" "\2039" "\203A" } [LANG|=en] > * { quotes: "\201C" "\201D" "\2018" "\2019" } The quotation marks for English are shown here in a form that most people will be able to type. If you can type them directly, they will look like this: [LANG|=fr] > * { quotes: "«" "»" "‹" "›" } [LANG|=en] > * { quotes: "“" "”" "‘" "’" } 12.5</del><ins>12.4</ins> Automatic <span class="index-def" title="counters"><a
name="counters">counters</a></span> and numbering</h2>
<p>Automatic numbering in <del>CSS2</del><ins>CSS 2.1</ins> is controlled with two properties,
<a href="generate.html#propdef-counter-increment" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-counter-increment">'counter-increment'</span></a>
and <a href="generate.html#propdef-counter-reset" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-counter-reset">'counter-reset'</span></a>. The
counters defined by these properties are used with the counter() and
counters() functions of the the <a href="generate.html#propdef-content" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-content">'content'</span></a> property.
<div class="propdef">
<dl><dt>
<span class="index-def" title="'counter-reset'"><a name="propdef-counter-reset" class="propdef-title"><strong>'counter-reset'</strong></a></span>
<dd>
<table class="propinfo" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Value:</em> <td>[ <a href="syndata.html#value-def-identifier" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-identifier"><identifier></span></a> <a href="syndata.html#value-def-integer" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-integer"><integer></span></a>? ]+ | none | <a href="cascade.html#value-def-inherit" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-inherit">inherit</span></a>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Initial:</em> <td>none
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Applies to:</em> <td>all elements
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Inherited:</em> <td>no
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Percentages:</em> <td>N/A
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Media:</em> <td><a href="media.html#all-media-group" class="noxref">all</a>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em><ins>Computed value:</ins></em><ins> </ins><td><ins>as specified</ins>
</table>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="propdef">
<dl><dt>
<span class="index-def" title="'counter-increment'"><a name="propdef-counter-increment" class="propdef-title"><strong>'counter-increment'</strong></a></span>
<dd>
<table class="propinfo" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Value:</em> <td>[ <a href="syndata.html#value-def-identifier" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-identifier"><identifier></span></a> <a href="syndata.html#value-def-integer" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-integer"><integer></span></a>? ]+ | none | <a href="cascade.html#value-def-inherit" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-inherit">inherit</span></a>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Initial:</em> <td>none
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Applies to:</em> <td>all elements
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Inherited:</em> <td>no
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Percentages:</em> <td>N/A
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Media:</em> <td><a href="media.html#all-media-group" class="noxref">all</a>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em><ins>Computed value:</ins></em><ins> </ins><td><ins>as specified</ins>
</table>
</dl>
</div>
<p>The <a href="generate.html#propdef-counter-increment" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-counter-increment">'counter-increment'</span></a> property
accepts one or more names of counters (identifiers), each one
optionally followed by an integer. The integer indicates by how much the
<del>counter is incremented for every occurrence of the element. The default increment is 1. Zero and negative integers are allowed. The 'counter-reset' property also contains a list of one or more names of counters, each one optionally followed by an integer. The integer gives the value that the counter is set to on each occurrence of the element. The default is 0. If 'counter-increment' refers to a counter that is not in the scope (see below ) of any 'counter-reset' , the counter is assumed to have been reset to 0 by the root element. Example(s): This example shows a way to number chapters and sections with "Chapter 1", "1.1", "1.2", etc. H1:before { content: "Chapter " counter(chapter) ". "; counter-increment: chapter; /* Add 1 to chapter */ counter-reset: section; /* Set section to 0 */ } H2:before { content: counter(chapter) "." counter(section) " "; counter-increment: section; } If an element increments/resets a counter and also uses it (in the 'content' property of its :before or :after pseudo-element), the counter is used after being incremented/reset. If an element both resets and increments a counter, the counter is reset first and then incremented. The 'counter-reset' property follows the cascading rules. Thus, due to cascading, the following style sheet: H1 { counter-reset: section -1 } H1 { counter-reset: imagenum 99 } will only reset 'imagenum'. To reset both counters, they have to be specified together: H1 { counter-reset: section -1 imagenum 99 } 12.5.1 Nested counters and scope Counters are "self-nesting", in the sense that re-using a counter in a child element automatically creates a new instance of the counter. This is important for situations like lists in HTML, where elements can be nested inside themselves to arbitrary depth. It would be impossible to define uniquely named counters for each level. Example(s): Thus, the following suffices to number nested list items. The result is very similar to that of setting 'display:list-item' and 'list-style: inside' on the LI element: OL { counter-reset: item } LI { display: block } LI:before { content: counter(item) ". "; counter-increment: item } The self-nesting is based on the principle that every element that has a 'counter-reset' for a counter X, creates a fresh counter X, the scope of which is the element, its preceding siblings, and all the descendants of the element and its preceding siblings. In the example above, an OL will create a counter, and all children of the OL will refer to that counter. If we denote by item[n] the n th instance of the "item" counter, and by "(" and ")" the beginning and end of a scope, then the following HTML fragment will use the indicated counters. (We assume the style sheet as given in the example above). <OL> <!-- (set item[0] to 0 --> <LI>item <!-- increment item[0] (= 1) --> <LI>item <!-- increment item[0] (= 2) --> <OL> <!-- (set item[1] to 0 --> <LI>item <!-- increment item[1] (= 1) --> <LI>item <!-- increment item[1] (= 2) --> <LI>item <!-- increment item[1] (= 3) --> <OL> <!-- (set item[2] to 0 --> <LI>item <!-- increment item[2] (= 1) --> </OL> <!-- ) --> <OL> <!-- (set item[3] to 0 --> <LI> <!-- increment item[3] (= 1) --> </OL> <!-- ) --> <LI>item <!-- increment item[1] (= 4) --> </OL> <!-- ) --> <LI>item <!-- increment item[0] (= 3) --> <LI>item <!-- increment item[0] (= 4) --> </OL> <!-- ) --> <OL> <!-- (reset item[4] to 0 --> <LI>item <!-- increment item[4] (= 1) --> <LI>item <!-- increment item[4] (= 2) --> </OL> <!-- ) --> The 'counters()' function generates a string composed of the values of all counters with the same name, separated by a given string. Example(s): The following style sheet numbers nested list items as "1", "1.1", "1.1.1", etc. OL { counter-reset: item } LI { display: block } LI:before { content: counters(item, "."); counter-increment: item } 12.5.2 Counter styles By default, counters are formatted with decimal numbers, but all the styles available for the 'list-style-type' property are also available for counters. The notation is: counter( name ) for the default style, or: counter( name , 'list-style-type' ) All the styles are allowed, including 'disc', 'circle', 'square', and 'none'. Example(s): H1:before { content: counter(chno, upper-latin) ". " } H2:before { content: counter(section, upper-roman) " - " } BLOCKQUOTE:after { content: " [" counter(bq, hebrew) "]" } DIV.note:before { content: counter(notecntr, disc) " " } P:before { content: counter(p, none) } 12.5.3 Counters in elements with 'display: none' An element that is not displayed ( 'display' set to 'none') cannot increment or reset a counter. Example(s): For example, with the following style sheet, H2s with class "secret" do not increment 'count2'. H2.secret {counter-increment: count2; display: none} Elements with 'visibility' set to 'hidden', on the other hand, do increment counters. 12.6 Markers and lists Most block-level elements in CSS generate one principal block box. In this section, we discuss two CSS mechanisms that cause an element to generate two boxes: one principal block box (for the element's content) and one separate marker box (for decoration such as a bullet, image, or number). The marker box may be positioned inside or outside the principal box. Unlike :before and :after content, the marker box does not affect the position of the principal box, whatever the positioning scheme. The more general of the two mechanisms is new in CSS2 and is called markers . The more limited mechanism involves the list properties of CSS1. The list properties give authors quick results for many common ordered and unordered list scenarios. However, markers give authors precise control over marker content and position. Markers may be used with counters to create new list styles, to number margin notes, and much more. For instance, the following example illustrates how markers may be used to add periods after each numbered list item. This HTML program and style sheet: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"> <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Creating a list with markers</TITLE> <STYLE type="text/css"> LI:before { display: marker; content: counter(mycounter, lower-roman) "."; counter-increment: mycounter; } </STYLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <OL> <LI> This is the first item. <LI> This is the second item. <LI> This is the third item. </OL> </BODY> </HTML> should produce something like this: i. This is the first item. ii. This</del><ins>counter</ins> is <ins>incremented for every occurrence of</ins> the <del>second item. iii. This is</del><ins>element.</ins> The
<del>third item. With descendant selectors</del><ins>default increment is 1. Zero</ins> and <del>child selectors , it's possible to specify different marker types depending on the depth of embedded lists. 12.6.1 Markers: the 'marker-offset' property Markers</del><ins>negative integers</ins> are <del>created by setting</del><ins>allowed.</ins>
<p>The <a href="generate.html#propdef-counter-reset" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-counter-reset"> <del>'display'</del><ins>'counter-reset'</ins></span></a>
property <del>to 'marker' inside</del><ins>also contains</ins> a <del>:before</del><ins>list of one</ins> or <del>:after pseudo-element. While 'block' and 'inline' :before and :after content</del><ins>more names of counters, each
one optionally followed by an integer. The integer gives the value that
the counter</ins> is <del>part</del><ins>set to on each occurrence</ins> of the <del>principal box generated by</del><ins>element.</ins> The <del>element, 'marker' content</del><ins>default</ins>
is <del>formatted in an independent marker box, outside</del><ins>0.</ins>
<p>The <del>principal box. Marker boxes are formatted</del><ins>keywords 'none', 'inherit' and 'initial' must not be used</ins> as
<ins>counter names.</ins> A <del>single line (i.e., one line box ), so they</del><ins>value of 'none' on its own means no counters</ins> are
<del>not as flexible as floats . The marker box</del><ins>reset, resp. incremented. 'Inherit' on its own has its usual meaning
(see</ins> <a href="cascade.html#value-def-inherit"><ins>6.2.1</ins></a><ins>). 'Initial'</ins> is
<del>only created if the 'content' property</del><ins>reserved</ins> for <del>the pseudo-element actually generates content. Marker boxes have padding</del><ins>future use.</ins>
<div class="example"><P style="display:none"><ins>Example(s):</ins></P>
<p><ins>This example shows a way to number chapters</ins> and <del>borders, but no margins. For the :before pseudo-element, the baseline of text in the marker box will be vertically aligned</del><ins>sections</ins> with
<del>the baseline of text in the first line of content in the principal box.</del><ins>"Chapter 1", "1.1", "1.2", etc.</ins>
<pre>
<ins>BODY {
counter-reset: chapter; /* Create a chapter counter scope */
}
H1:before {
content: "Chapter " counter(chapter) ". ";
counter-increment: chapter; /* Add 1 to chapter */
}
H1 {
counter-reset: section; /* Set section to 0 */
}
H2:before {
content: counter(chapter) "." counter(section) " ";
counter-increment: section;
}</ins>
</pre>
</div>
<p>If <ins>an element increments/resets a counter and also uses it (in</ins> the
<a href="generate.html#propdef-content" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-content"> <del>principal box contains no text, the top outer edge of the marker box will be aligned with the top outer edge</del><ins>'content'</ins></span></a> <ins>property</ins> of <del>the principal box. For the</del><ins>its
:before or</ins> :after <del>pseudo-element,</del><ins>pseudo-element),</ins> the <del>baseline of text in</del><ins>counter is used</ins> <em><ins>after</ins></em>
<ins>being incremented/reset.</ins>
<p><ins>If an element both resets and increments a counter,</ins> the <del>marker box will be vertically aligned with</del><ins>counter is
reset first and then incremented.</ins>
<p><ins>If</ins> the <del>baseline of text</del><ins>same counter is specified more than once</ins> in the <del>last line</del><ins>value</ins> of <del>content in</del>the
<a href="generate.html#propdef-counter-reset" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-counter-reset"> <del>principal box. If</del><ins>'counter-reset'</ins></span></a> <ins>and</ins> <a href="generate.html#propdef-counter-increment" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-counter-increment"><ins>'counter-increment'</ins></span></a>
<ins>properties, each reset/increment of</ins> the <del>principal box contains no text,</del><ins>counter is processed in</ins> the <del>bottom outer edge of</del><ins>order
specified.</ins>
<div class="example"><P style="display:none"><ins>Example(s):</ins></P>
<p>The <del>marker box</del><ins>following example</ins> will <del>be aligned with</del><ins>reset</ins> the <del>bottom outer edge of</del><ins>'section' counter to 0:</ins>
<pre>
<ins>H1 { counter-reset: section 2 section }</ins>
</pre>
<p>The <del>principal box.</del><ins>following example will increment</ins> the <del>height of a marker box is given</del><ins>'chapter' counter</ins> by <ins>3:</ins>
<pre>
<
822A
;ins>H1 { counter-increment: chapter chapter 2 }</ins>
</pre>
</div>
<P>The <a href="generate.html#propdef-counter-reset" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-counter-reset"> <del>'line-height' property. The :before (:after) marker box participates in the height calculation of</del><ins>'counter-reset'</ins></span></a>
<ins>property follows</ins> the <del>principal box's first (last) line box.</del><ins>cascading rules.</ins> Thus, <del>markers are aligned with the first and last line of an element's content, even though the marker boxes live in distinct line boxes. If no first or last line box exists in a principal box, the marker box establishes its line box alone.</del><ins>due to cascading,</ins> the
<del>vertical alignment of a marker box within its line box is</del><ins>following style sheet:</ins></p>
<pre class="example">
<ins>H1 { counter-reset: section -1 }
H1 { counter-reset: imagenum 99 }</ins>
</pre>
<p><ins>will only reset 'imagenum'. To reset both counters, they have to be</ins>
specified <del>with the 'vertical-align' property. If the value of the 'width' property is 'auto',</del><ins>together:</ins></p>
<pre class="example">
<ins>H1 { counter-reset: section -1 imagenum 99 }</ins>
</pre>
<h3><ins>12.4.1</ins> <a name="scope"><ins>Nested counters and scope</ins></a></h3>
<p><ins>Counters are "self-nesting", in</ins> the <del>marker box content width is</del><ins>sense</ins> that <ins>resetting a counter
in a descendant element or pseudo-element automatically creates a new
instance</ins> of the <del>content, otherwise it</del><ins>counter. This</ins> is <del>the value of 'width' .</del><ins>important</ins> for <del>values of 'width' less than</del><ins>situations like lists
in HTML, where elements can be nested inside themselves to arbitrary
depth. It would be impossible to define uniquely named counters for
each level.</ins>
<div class="example"><P style="display:none"><ins>Example(s):</ins></P>
<p><ins>Thus,</ins> the <del>content width,</del><ins>following suffices to number nested list items.</ins> The
<del>'overflow' property specifies overflow behavior. Marker boxes may overlap principal boxes. For values</del><ins>result is very similar to that</ins> of <del>'width' greater than the content width,</del><ins>setting 'display:list-item' and
'list-style: inside' on</ins> the <del>'text-align' property determines</del><ins>LI element:</ins>
<pre>
<ins>OL { counter-reset: item }
LI { display: block }
LI:before { content: counter(item) ". "; counter-increment: item }</ins>
</pre>
</div>
<p>The <a name="x29"><span class="index-def" title="scope"><dfn> <del>horizontal alignment</del><ins>scope</ins></dfn></span></a>
of <ins>a counter starts at</ins> the <del>content</del><ins>first element</ins> in the <del>marker box. The 'marker-offset' property specifies the horizontal offset between</del><ins>document that has</ins> a
<a href="generate.html#propdef-counter-reset" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-counter-reset"> <del>marker box</del><ins>'counter-reset'</ins></span></a> <ins>for that
counter</ins> and <ins>includes</ins> the <del>associated principal box . The distance is measured between</del><ins>element's descendants and its following
siblings with</ins> their <del>nearest border edges . Note. If a marker flows to the right of a float</del><ins>descendants. However, it does not include any
elements</ins> in <del>a left-to-right formatting context, the principal box will flow down the float's right side, but the marker boxes will appear to the left of the float. Since the principal box left border edge lies to the left of the float (see the description of floats ), and marker boxes lie outside</del>the <del>border edge</del><ins>scope</ins> of <ins>a counter with</ins> the <del>principal box, the marker will also lie to the left</del><ins>same name created by a 'counter-reset' on a
later sibling</ins> of the <del>float. Analogous behavior applies for right-to-left formatting when</del><ins>element or by</ins> a <del>marker flows</del><ins>later 'counter-reset' on the same
element.</ins>
<p><ins>If</ins> <a href="generate.html#propdef-counter-increment" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-counter-increment"><ins>'counter-increment'</ins></span></a> <ins>or</ins> <a href="generate.html#propdef-content" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-content"><ins>'content'</ins></span></a> <ins>on an element or
pseudo-element refers</ins> to <ins>a counter that is not in</ins> the <del>left</del><ins>scope</ins> of <ins>any</ins>
<a href="generate.html#propdef-counter-reset" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-counter-reset"><ins>'counter-reset'</ins></span></a><ins>,
implementations should behave as though</ins> a <a href="generate.html#propdef-counter-reset" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-counter-reset"> <del>float. When the 'display' property has</del><ins>'counter-reset'</ins></span></a> <ins>had reset</ins> the
<del>value 'marker' for content generated by an</del><ins>counter to 0 on that</ins> element <del>with 'display: list-item', a marker box generated for ':before' replaces the normal list item marker.</del><ins>or pseudo-element.</ins>
<p>In the <del>following example, the content is centered within</del><ins>example above, an OL will create</ins> a <del>marker box</del><ins>counter, and all children</ins>
of <del>a fixed width. This document: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"> <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Content alignment in</del>the <del>marker box</TITLE> <STYLE type="text/css"> LI:before { display: marker; content: "(" counter(counter) ")"; counter-increment: counter; width: 6em; text-align: center; } </STYLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <OL> <LI> This is</del><ins>OL will refer to that counter.</ins>
<div class="html-example"> <p><ins>If we denote by item[n]</ins> the
<del>first item. <LI> This is</del><ins>n</ins><sup><ins>th</ins></sup> <ins>instance of</ins> the <del>second item. <LI> This is</del><ins>"item"
counter, and by "{" and "}"</ins> the <del>third item. </OL> </BODY> </HTML> should produce something like this: (1) This is</del><ins>beginning and end of a
scope, then</ins> the <del>first item. (2) This is</del><ins>following HTML fragment will use</ins> the <del>second item. (3) This is</del><ins>indicated
counters. (We assume</ins> the <del>third item.</del><ins>style sheet as given in</ins> the <del>next</del>example <del>creates markers before and after list items. This document: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"> <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Markers before and after list items</TITLE> <STYLE type="text/css"> @media screen, print { LI:before { display: marker; content: url("smiley.gif"); LI:after { display: marker; content: url("sad.gif");</del><ins>above).</ins>
<pre>
<ins><OL> <!-- {item[0]=0 -->
<LI>item</LI> <!-- item[0]++ (=1) -->
<LI>item <!-- item[0]++ (=2) -->
<OL> <!-- {item[1]=0 -->
<LI>item</LI> <!-- item[1]++ (=1) -->
<LI>item</LI> <!-- item[1]++ (=2) -->
<LI>item <!-- item[1]++ (=3) -->
<OL> <!-- {item[2]=0 -->
<LI>item</LI> <!-- item[2]++ (=1) -->
</OL> <!-- -->
<OL> <!-- }{item[2]=0 -->
<LI>item</LI> <!-- item[2]++ (=1) -->
</OL> <!-- -->
</LI> <!--</ins> } <ins>-->
<LI>item</LI> <!-- item[1]++ (=4) -->
</OL> <!-- -->
</LI> <!--</ins> } <del></STYLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <UL> <LI>first list item comes first <LI>second list item comes second </UL> </BODY> </HTML> should produce something like this (ascii art is</del><ins>-->
<LI>item</LI> <!-- item[0]++ (=3) -->
<LI>item</LI> <!-- item[0]++ (=4) -->
</OL> <!-- -->
<OL> <!-- }{item[0]=0 -->
<LI>item</LI> <!-- item[0]++ (=1) -->
<LI>item</LI> <!-- item[0]++ (=2) -->
</OL> <!-- --></ins>
</pre>
</div>
<div class="example"><P style="display:none"><ins>Example(s):</ins></P>
<p><ins>Another example, showing how scope works when counters are</ins> used <del>instead of smiley gif images here): :-) first list item comes first :-( :-) second list item comes second :-(</del><ins>on
elements that are not nested, is</ins> the <del>next example uses markers</del><ins>following. This shows how the
style rules given above</ins> to number <del>notes (paragraphs). The following document: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"> <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Markers</del><ins>chapters and sections would apply</ins> to
<del>create numbered notes4>/TITLE> <STYLE type="text/css"> P { margin-left: 12 em; } @media screen, print { P.Note:before { display: marker; content: url("note.gif") "Note " counter(note-counter) ":"; counter-increment: note-counter; text-align: left; width: 10em; }</del><ins>the markup given.</ins>
<pre>
<ins><!--"chapter" counter|"section" counter -->
<body> <!-- {chapter=0 | -->
<h1>About CSS</h1> <!-- chapter++ (=1) | {section=0 -->
<h2>CSS 2</h2> <!-- | section++ (=1) -->
<h2>CSS 2.1</h2> <!-- | section++ (=2) -->
<h1>Style</h1> <!-- chapter++ (=2) |}{ section=0 -->
</body> <!-- |</ins> } <del></STYLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <P>This is</del><ins>--></ins>
</pre>
</div>
<p>The <del>first paragraph in this document.</P> <P CLASS="Note">This is</del><ins>'counters()' function generates</ins> a <del>very short document.</P> <P>This is</del><ins>string composed of all of</ins> the
<del>end.</P> </BODY> </HTML> should produce something like: This is</del><ins>counters with</ins> the <del>first paragraph</del><ins>same name that are</ins> in <del>this document. Note 1: This is</del><ins>scope, separated by</ins> a <del>very short document. This is</del><ins>given
string.</ins>
<div class="example"><P style="display:none"><ins>Example(s):</ins></P><P>
<P>The <del>end. 'marker-offset' Value: <length> | auto | inherit Initial: auto Applies to: elements</del><ins>following style sheet numbers nested list items
as "1", "1.1", "1.1.1", etc.</ins>
<PRE>
<ins>OL { counter-reset: item }
LI { display: block }
LI:before { content: counters(item, ".") " "; counter-increment: item }</ins>
</PRE>
</div>
<h3><ins>12.4.2</ins> <a name="counter-styles"><ins>Counter styles</ins></a></h3>
<p><ins>By default, counters are formatted</ins> with <del>'display: marker' Inherited: no Percentages: N/A Media: visual This property specifies</del><ins>decimal numbers, but all</ins> the
<del>distance between</del><ins>styles available for</ins> the <a href="generate.html#propdef-list-style-type" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-list-style-type"> <del>nearest border edges of a marker box and its associated principal box .</del><ins>'list-style-type'</ins></span></a> <ins>property are
also available for counters.</ins> The <del>offset may either be a user-specified ( <length></del><ins>notation is:</ins></P>
<pre>
<ins>counter(</ins><var><ins>name</ins></var>)
</pre>
<p> <del>or chosen by the UA ('auto'). Lengths may be negative, but there may be implementation-specific limits.</del><ins>for</ins> the <del>following example illustrates how markers may be used to add periods after each numbered list item. This HTML program</del><ins>default style, or:</ins></p>
<pre>
<ins>counter(</ins><var><ins>name</ins></var><ins>, <</ins><a href="generate.html#propdef-list-style-type" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-list-style-type"><ins>'list-style-type'</ins></span></a><ins>>)</ins>
</pre>
<p><ins>All the styles are allowed, including 'disc', 'circle', 'square',</ins>
and <del>style sheet: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Marker example 5</TITLE> <STYLE type="text/css"> P</del><ins>'none'.</ins>
<div class="example"><P style="display:none"><ins>Example(s):</ins></P><P>
<pre>
<ins>H1:before</ins> { <del>margin-left: 8em</del><ins>content: counter(chno, upper-latin) ". "</ins> }
<del>/* Make space for counters */ LI:before</del><ins>H2:before</ins> { <del>display: marker; marker-offset: 3em;</del>content: <del>counter(mycounter, lower-roman) "."; counter-increment: mycounter;</del><ins>counter(section, upper-roman) " - "</ins> }
<del></STYLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <P> This</del><ins>BLOCKQUOTE:after { content: " [" counter(bq, lower-greek) "]" }
DIV.note:before { content: counter(notecntr, disc) " " }
P:before { content: counter(p, none) }</ins>
</pre>
</div>
<h3><ins>12.4.3</ins> <a name="undisplayed-counters"><ins>Counters in elements with 'display: none'</ins></a></h3>
<p><ins>An element that</ins> is <ins>not displayed (</ins><a href="visuren.html#propdef-display" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-display"><ins>'display'</ins></span></a> <ins>set to 'none') cannot
increment or reset</ins> a <del>long preceding paragraph ... <OL> <LI> This is the first item. <LI> This is the second item. <LI> This is</del><ins>counter.</ins>
<div class="example"><P style="display:none"><ins>Example(s):</ins></P>
<p><ins>For example, with</ins> the <del>third item. </OL> <P> This is a long</del>following <del>paragraph ... </BODY> </HTML> should produce something like this: This is</del><ins>style sheet,
H2s with class "secret" do not increment 'count2'.</ins>
<pre>
<ins>H2.secret {counter-increment: count2; display: none}</ins>
</pre>
</div>
<p><ins>Pseudo-elements that are not generated also cannot increment or
reset</ins> a <del>long preceding paragraph ... i. This is the first item. ii. This is the second item. iii. This is</del><ins>counter.</ins>
<div class="example"><P style="display:none"><ins>Example(s):</ins></P>
<p><ins>For example,</ins> the <del>third item. This is a long</del>following <del>paragraph ... 12.6.2 Lists: the 'list-style-type' , 'list-style-image' , 'list-style-position' , and 'list-style' properties</del><ins>does not increment 'heading':</ins>
<pre>
<ins>h1::before {
content: normal;
counter-increment: heading;
}</ins>
</pre>
</div>
<p><ins>Elements with</ins> <a href="visufx.html#propdef-visibility" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-visibility"><ins>'visibility'</ins></span></a>
<ins>set to 'hidden', on</ins> the <del>list properties allow</del><ins>other hand,</ins> <em><ins>do</ins></em> <ins>increment counters.</ins>
<h2><ins>12.5</ins> <a name="lists"><ins>Lists</ins></a></h2>
<P><ins>CSS 2.1 offers</ins> basic visual formatting of lists. <del>As with more general markers, a</del><ins>An</ins> element with
'display: list-item' generates a <a
href="visuren.html#principal-box">principal <ins>block</ins> box</a> for the element's
content <ins>and, depending on the values of 'list-style-type'</ins> and
<del>an optional</del><ins>'list-style-image', possibly also a</ins> marker <del>box.</del><ins>box as a visual indication
that the
element is a list item.</ins>
<P>The <a name="x30"><span class="index-def" title="list properties"><dfn> <del>other</del>list
properties</dfn></span></a> <ins>describe basic visual formatting of lists:
they</ins> allow <del>authors</del><ins>style sheets</ins> to specify the marker type (image, glyph, or
<del>number)</del><ins>number),</ins> and <del>its</del><ins>the marker</ins> position with respect to the principal box
(outside it or within it before content). They do not allow authors to
specify distinct style (colors, fonts, alignment, etc.) for the list
marker or adjust its position with respect to the principal <del>box. Furthermore, when a marker M (created with 'display: marker') is used with a list item created by the list properties, M replaces the standard list item marker. With</del><ins>box; these
may be derived from</ins> the <del>list properties,</del><ins>principal box.</ins>
<P>The <a href="colors.html#background-properties">background
properties</a> apply to the principal box only; an 'outside' marker
box is transparent.
<h3> <del>Markers offer more control over marker box style.</del><ins>12.5.1</ins> <a name="list-style"><ins>Lists:</ins></a> <ins>the</ins> <a href="generate.html#propdef-list-style-type" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-list-style-type"><ins>'list-style-type'</ins></span></a><ins>,</ins> <a href="generate.html#propdef-list-style-image" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-list-style-image"><ins>'list-style-image'</ins></span></a><ins>,</ins> <a href="generate.html#propdef-list-style-position" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-list-style-position"><ins>'list-style-position'</ins></span></a><ins>, and</ins>
<a href="generate.html#propdef-list-style" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-list-style"><ins>'list-style'</ins></span></a> <ins>properties</ins></h3>
<div class="propdef">
<dl><dt>
<span class="index-def" title="'list-style-type'"><a name="propdef-list-style-type" class="propdef-title"><strong>'list-style-type'</strong></a></span>
<dd>
<table class="propinfo" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Value:</em> <td>disc | circle | square | decimal | decimal-leading-zero |
lower-roman | upper-roman | lower-greek |
<del>lower-alpha |</del>lower-latin | <del>upper-alpha |</del>upper-latin | <del>hebrew |</del>armenian | georgian |
<del>cjk-ideographic | hiragana | katakana | hiragana-iroha</del><ins>lower-alpha</ins> | <del>katakana-iroha</del><ins>upper-alpha</ins> |
none | <a href="cascade.html#value-def-inherit" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-inherit">inherit</span></a>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Initial:</em> <td>disc
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Applies to:</em> <td>elements with 'display: list-item'
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Inherited:</em> <td>yes
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Percentages:</em> <td>N/A
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Media:</em> <td><a href="media.html#visual-media-group" class="noxref">visual</a>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em><ins>Computed value:</ins></em><ins> </ins><td><ins>as specified</ins>
</table>
</dl>
</div>
<P> This property specifies appearance of the list item marker if
<a href="generate.html#propdef-list-style-image" class="noxref"><span class="propinst-list-style-image">'list-style-image'</span></a> has
the value 'none' or if the image pointed to by the URI cannot be
displayed. The value 'none' specifies no marker, otherwise there are
three types of marker: glyphs, numbering systems, and alphabetic
systems.
<P> <del>Note. Numbered lists improve document accessibility by making lists easier to navigate.</del>Glyphs are specified with
<strong><span class="index-def" title="disc"><a class="value-def"
name="value-def-disc">disc</a></span></strong>,
<strong><span class="index-def" title="circle"><a class="value-def"
name="value-def-circle">circle</a></span></strong>, and
<strong><span class="index-def" title="square"><a class="value-def"
name="value-def-square">square</a></span></strong>. Their exact
rendering depends on the user agent.
<P>Numbering systems are specified with:</P>
<dl>
<dt><span class="index-def" title="decimal"><a class="value-def" name="value-def-decimal"><strong>decimal</strong></a></span><dd>Decimal numbers, beginning with 1.
<dt><strong><span class="index-def" title="decimal-leading-zero"><a class="value-def" name="value-def-decimal-leading-zero">decimal-leading-zero</a></span></strong>
<dd>Decimal numbers padded by initial zeros (e.g., 01, 02, 03, ..., 98, 99).
<dt><strong><span class="index-def" title="lower-roman"><a class="value-def" name="value-def-lower-roman">lower-roman</a></span></strong>
<dd>Lowercase roman numerals (i, ii, iii, iv, v, etc.).
<dt><strong><span class="index-def" title="upper-roman"><a class="value-def" name="value-def-upper-roman">upper-roman</a></span></strong>
<dd>Uppercase roman numerals (I, II, III, IV, V, etc.).
<dt><strong><span class="index-def" title="georgian"><a class="value-def" name="value-def-georgian"> <del>hebrew Traditional Hebrew numbering.</del>georgian</a></span></strong>
<dd>Traditional Georgian numbering
(an, ban, gan, ..., he, tan, in, in-an, ...).
<dt><strong><span class="index-def" title="armenian"><a class="value-def" name="value-def-armenian">armenian</a></span></strong>
<dd>Traditional <ins>uppercase</ins> Armenian numbering.
</dl>
<P> <del>cjk-ideographic Plain ideographic numbers hiragana a, i, u, e, o, ka, ki, ... katakana A, I, U, E, O, KA, KI, ... hiragana-iroha i, ro, ha, ni, ho, he, to, ... katakana-iroha I, RO, HA, NI, HO, HE, TO, ... A user agent that does not recognize a numbering system should use 'decimal'. Note. This document does not specify the exact mechanism of each numbering system (e.g., how roman numerals are calculated). A future W3C Note may provide further clarifications.</del>Alphabetic systems are specified with:</P>
<dl>
<dt><strong><span class="index-def" title="lower-latin"><a class="value-def" name="value-def-lower-latin">lower-latin</a></span></strong> or <strong>lower-alpha</strong>
<dd>Lowercase ascii letters (a, b, c, ... z).
<dt><strong><span class="index-def" title="upper-latin"><a class="value-def" name="value-def-upper-latin">upper-latin</a></span></strong> or <strong>upper-alpha</strong>
<dd>Uppercase ascii letters (A, B, C, ... Z).
<dt><strong><span class="index-def" title="lower-greek"><a class="value-def" name="value-def-lower-greek">lower-greek</a></span></strong>
<dd>Lowercase classical Greek
alpha, beta, gamma, ... <del>(έ, ή, ί,</del><ins>(α, β, γ,</ins> ...)
</dl>
<P>This specification does not define how alphabetic systems wrap at
the end of the alphabet. For instance, after 26 list items,
'lower-latin' rendering is undefined. Therefore, for long lists, we
recommend that authors specify true numbers.
<p><ins>CSS 2.1 does not define how the list numbering is reset and
incremented. This is expected to be defined in the CSS List Module</ins>
<a href="refs.html#ref-CSS3LIST" rel="biblioentry" class="noxref"><span class="informref"><ins>[CSS3LIST]</ins></span></a><ins>.</ins>
<div class="html-example"><P>
For example, the following HTML document:
<PRE>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML <del>4.0//EN"></del><ins>4.01//EN"></ins>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Lowercase latin numbering</TITLE>
<STYLE type="text/css">
ol { list-style-type: lower-roman }
</STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<OL>
<LI> This is the first item.
<LI> This is the second item.
<LI> This is the third item.
</OL>
</BODY>
</HTML>
</PRE>
<P>might produce something like this:
<PRE>
i This is the first item.
ii This is the second item.
iii This is the third item.
</PRE>
<P> <del>Note that</del>The list marker alignment (here, right justified) depends on the user agent.
</div>
<div class="propdef">
<dl><dt>
<span class="index-def" title="'list-style-image'"><a name="propdef-list-style-image" class="propdef-title"><strong> <del>Note. Future versions of CSS may provide more complete mechanisms for international numbering styles.</del>'list-style-image'</strong></a></span>
<dd>
<table class="propinfo" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Value:</em> <td><a href="syndata.html#value-def-uri" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-uri"><uri></span></a> | none | <a href="cascade.html#value-def-inherit" class="noxref"><span class="value-inst-inherit">inherit</span></a>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Initial:</em> <td>none
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Applies to:</em> <td>elements with 'display: list-item'
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Inherited:</em> <td>yes
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Percentages:</em> <td>N/A
<tr valign=baseline><td><em>Media:</em> <td><a href="media.html#visual-media-group" class="noxref">visual</a>
<tr valign=baseline><td><em><ins>Computed value:</ins></em><ins> </ins><td><ins>absolute URI or 'none'</ins>
</table>
</dl>
</div>
<P> This property sets the image that will be used as the <del>list item marker. When</del><ins>list item
marker. When the image is available, it will replace the marker set
with the</ins> <a href="generate.html#propdef-list-style-type" class="noxref"><span
class="propinst-list-style-type"><ins>'list-style-type'</ins></span></a> <ins>marker.</ins>
<p><ins>The size of the image is calculated from the following rules:</ins>
<ol>
<li><ins>If the image has a intrinsic width and height, the used width and
height are the intrinsic width and height.</ins>
<li><ins>Otherwise, if the image has an intrinsic ratio and either an
intrinsic width or an intrinsic height, the used width/height is the
same as the provided intrinsic width/height, and the used value of the