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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang=en><head>
<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv=Content-Type>
<title>CSS Text Decoration Module Level 3</title>
<link href=../default.css rel=stylesheet type=text/css>
<link href=../csslogo.ico rel="shortcut icon" type=image/x-icon>
<style>
body {
background: url("https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/logo-ED") top left no-repeat white;
background-attachment: fixed;
color: black;
font-family: sans-serif;
margin: 0 auto;
max-width: 50em;
padding: 2em 1em 2em 70px;
}
:link { color: #00C; background: transparent }
:visited { color: #609; background: transparent }
a[href]:active { color: #C00; background: transparent }
a[href]:hover { background: #ffa }
a[href] img { border-style: none }
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { text-align: left }
h1, h2, h3 { color: #005A9C; }
h1 { font: 170% sans-serif }
h2 { font: 140% sans-serif }
h3 { font: 120% sans-serif }
h4 { font: bold 100% sans-serif }
h5 { font: italic 100% sans-serif }
h6 { font: small-caps 100% sans-serif }
.hide { display: none }
div.head { margin-bottom: 1em }
div.head h1 { margin-top: 2em; clear: both }
div.head table { margin-left: 2em; margin-top: 2em }
p.copyright { font-size: small }
p.copyright small { font-size: small }
pre { margin-left: 2em }
dt { font-weight: bold }
ul.toc, ol.toc {
list-style: none;
}
</style>
<script defer src=//test.csswg.org/harness/annotate.js#css-text-decor-3_dev type=text/javascript></script>
</head>
<body class=h-entry>
<div class=head>
<p data-fill-with=logo><a class=logo href=http://www.w3.org/>
<img alt=W3C height=48 src=http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home width=72>
</a>
</p>
<h1 class="p-name no-ref" id=title>CSS Text Decoration Module Level 3</h1>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled heading" id=subtitle><span class=content>Editor’s Draft,
<span class=dt-updated><span class=value-title title=20140320>20 March 2014</span></span></span></h2>
<div data-fill-with=spec-metadata><dl><dt>This version:<dd><a class=u-url href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-text-decor-3/>http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-text-decor-3/</a><dt>Latest version:<dd><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/css-text-decor-3/>http://www.w3.org/TR/css-text-decor-3/</a><dt>Editor’s Draft:<dd><a href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-text-decor-3/>http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-text-decor-3/</a><dt>Previous Versions:<dd><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-css-text-decor-3-20121113/ rel=previous>http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-css-text-decor-3-20121113/</a>
<dt>Feedback:</dt>
<dd><a href="mailto:www-style@w3.org?subject=%5Bcss-text-decor%5D%20feedback">www-style@w3.org</a>
with subject line
“<kbd>[css-text-decor] <var>… message topic …</var></kbd>”(<a href=http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/ rel=discussion>archives</a>)<dt>Test Suite:<dd><a href=http://test.csswg.org/suites/css-text-decor-3/nightly-unstable/>http://test.csswg.org/suites/css-text-decor-3/nightly-unstable/</a><dt>Editors:
<dd class="p-author h-card vcard"><a class="p-name fn u-url url" href=http://fantasai.inkedblade.net/contact>fantasai</a> (<span class="p-org org">Invited Expert</span>)<dd class="p-author h-card vcard"><a class="p-name fn u-email email" href=mailto:kojiishi@gluesoft.co.jp>Koji Ishii</a> (<span class="p-org org">Invited Expert</span>)<dt>Issue Tracking:<dd><a href=http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Tracker/products/10>http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Tracker/products/10</a></dl></div>
<div data-fill-with=warning></div>
<p class=copyright data-fill-with=copyright><a href=http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright>Copyright</a> © 2014 <a href=http://www.w3.org/><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href=http://www.csail.mit.edu/><abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>, <a href=http://www.ercim.eu/><abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>, <a href=http://www.keio.ac.jp/>Keio</a>, <a href=http://ev.buaa.edu.cn/>Beihang</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C <a href=http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer>liability</a>, <a href=http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks>trademark</a> and <a href=http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents>document use</a> rules apply.
</p>
<hr title="Separator for header">
</div>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled heading" id=abstract><span class=content>Abstract</span></h2>
<p class=p-summary data-fill-with=abstract>This module contains the features of CSS relating to text decoration, such as underlines, text shadows, and emphasis marks.
<a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS/>CSS</a> is a language for describing the rendering of structured documents
(such as HTML and XML)
on screen, on paper, in speech, etc.</p>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled heading" id=status><span class=content>Status of this document</span></h2>
<div data-fill-with=status><p>
This is a public copy of the editors’ draft.
It is provided for discussion only and may change at any moment.
Its publication here does not imply endorsement of its contents by W3C.
Don’t cite this document other than as work in progress.
<p>
The (<a href=http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/>archived</a>) public mailing list
<a href="mailto:www-style@w3.org?Subject=%5Bcss-text-decor%5D%20PUT%20SUBJECT%20HERE">www-style@w3.org</a>
(see <a href=http://www.w3.org/Mail/Request>instructions</a>)
is preferred for discussion of this specification.
When sending e-mail,
please put the text “css-text-decor” in the subject,
preferably like this:
“[css-text-decor] <em>…summary of comment…</em>”
<p>
This document was produced by the <a href=http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/members>CSS Working Group</a>
(part of the <a href=http://www.w3.org/Style/>Style Activity</a>).
<p>
This document was produced by a group operating under
the <a href=http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/>5 February 2004 W3C Patent Policy</a>.
W3C maintains a <a href=http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/32061/status rel=disclosure>public list of any patent disclosures</a>
made in connection with the deliverables of the group;
that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent.
An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href=http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential>Essential Claim(s)</a>
must disclose the information in accordance with <a href=http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure>section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy</a>.</div>
<div data-fill-with=at-risk><p>The following features are at-risk, and may be dropped during the CR period:
<ul><li>The <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-decoration-skip title=text-decoration-skip>text-decoration-skip</a> property.<li>The line positioning rules.<li>The ability to place both emphasis marks and ruby above the same base text.</ul></div>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled heading" id=contents><span class=content>Table of Contents</span></h2>
<div data-fill-with=table-of-contents><ul class=toc>
<li><a href=#intro><span class=secno>1</span> Introduction</a>
<ul class=toc>
<li><a href=#placement><span class=secno>1.1</span> Module Interactions</a>
<li><a href=#values><span class=secno>1.2</span> Values</a>
<li><a href=#terms><span class=secno>1.3</span>Terminology</a></ul>
<li><a href=#line-decoration><span class=secno>2</span> Line Decoration: Underline, Overline, and Strike-Through</a>
<ul class=toc>
<li><a href=#text-decoration-line-property><span class=secno>2.1</span> Text Decoration Lines: the <span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=text-decoration-line>text-decoration-line</span> property</a>
<li><a href=#text-decoration-color-property><span class=secno>2.2</span> Text Decoration Color: the <span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=text-decoration-color>text-decoration-color</span> property</a>
<li><a href=#text-decoration-style-property><span class=secno>2.3</span> Text Decoration Style: the <span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=text-decoration-style>text-decoration-style</span> property</a>
<li><a href=#text-decoration-property><span class=secno>2.4</span> Text Decoration Shorthand: the <span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=text-decoration>text-decoration</span> property</a>
<li><a href=#text-decoration-skip-property><span class=secno>2.5</span> Text Decoration Line Continuity: the <span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=text-decoration-skip>text-decoration-skip</span> property</a>
<li><a href=#text-underline-position-property><span class=secno>2.6</span> Text Underline Position: the <span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=text-underline-position>text-underline-position</span> property</a></ul>
<li><a href=#emphasis-marks><span class=secno>3</span> Emphasis Marks</a>
<ul class=toc>
<li><a href=#text-emphasis-style-property><span class=secno>3.1</span> Emphasis Mark Style: the <span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=text-emphasis-style>text-emphasis-style</span> property</a>
<li><a href=#text-emphasis-color-property><span class=secno>3.2</span> Emphasis Mark Color: the <span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=text-emphasis-color>text-emphasis-color</span> property</a>
<li><a href=#text-emphasis-property><span class=secno>3.3</span> Emphasis Mark Shorthand: the <span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=text-emphasis>text-emphasis</span> property</a>
<li><a href=#text-emphasis-position-property><span class=secno>3.4</span> Emphasis Mark Position: the <span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=text-emphasis-position>text-emphasis-position</span> property</a></ul>
<li><a href=#text-shadow-property><span class=secno>4</span> Text Shadows: the <span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=text-shadow>text-shadow</span> property</a>
<li><a href=#painting-order><span class=secno>5</span> Painting Order of Text Decorations</a>
<li><a href=#conformance0><span class=secno>6</span> Conformance</a>
<ul class=toc>
<li><a href=#conventions0><span class=secno>6.1</span> Document Conventions</a>
<li><a href=#conformance-classes0><span class=secno>6.2</span> Conformance Classes</a>
<li><a href=#partial0><span class=secno>6.3</span> Partial Implementations</a>
<li><a href=#experimental0><span class=secno>6.4</span> Experimental Implementations</a>
<li><a href=#testing0><span class=secno>6.5</span>Non-Experimental Implementations</a>
<li><a href=#cr-exit-criteria><span class=secno>6.6</span> CR Exit Criteria</a></ul>
<li><a href=#acknowledgements><span class=secno></span> Appendix A: Acknowledgements</a>
<li><a href=#changes><span class=secno></span>Appendix B: Changes</a>
<ul class=toc>
<li><a href=#recent-changes><span class=secno></span> Changes since the <span>January 2013 Last Call Working Draft</span></a></ul>
<li><a href=#default-stylesheet><span class=secno></span> Appendix C: Default UA Stylesheet</a>
<li><a href=#conformance><span class=secno></span> Conformance</a>
<ul class=toc>
<li><a href=#conventions><span class=secno></span> Document conventions</a>
<li><a href=#conformance-classes><span class=secno></span> Conformance classes</a>
<li><a href=#partial><span class=secno></span> Partial implementations</a>
<li><a href=#experimental><span class=secno></span> Experimental implementations</a>
<li><a href=#testing><span class=secno></span> Non-experimental implementations</a></ul>
<li><a href=#references><span class=secno></span> References</a>
<ul class=toc>
<li><a href=#normative><span class=secno></span> Normative References</a>
<li><a href=#informative><span class=secno></span> Informative References</a></ul>
<li><a href=#index><span class=secno></span> Index</a>
<li><a href=#property-index><span class=secno></span> Property index</a>
<li><a href=#issues-index><span class=secno></span>Issues Index</a></ul></div>
<h2 class="heading settled heading" data-level=1 id=intro><span class=secno>1 </span><span class=content>
Introduction</span><a class=self-link href=#intro></a></h2>
<p><em>This subsection is non-normative.</em>
<p>This module covers text decoration, i.e. decorating the glyphs
of the text once typeset according to font and typographic rules.
(See <a data-biblio-type=informative data-link-type=biblio href=#css3text title=css3text>[CSS3TEXT]</a> and <a data-biblio-type=informative data-link-type=biblio href=#css3-fonts title=css3-fonts>[CSS3-FONTS]</a>.)
Such features are traditionally used not only for purely decorative purposes,
but also in some cases to show emphasis, for honorifics,
and to indicate editorial changes such as insertions, deletions, and misspellings.
<p>CSS Levels 1 and 2 only defined very basic <a href=#line-decoration>line decorations</a>
(underlines, overlines, and strike-throughs)
appropriate to Western typographical traditions.
Level 3 of this module adds the ability to change
the color, style, position, and continuity of these decorations,
and also introduces
<a href=#emphasis-marks>emphasis marks</a> (traditionally used in East Asian typography),
and <a href=#text-shadow-property>shadows</a> (which were proposed then deferred from Level 2).
<h3 class="heading settled heading" data-level=1.1 id=placement><span class=secno>1.1 </span><span class=content>
Module Interactions</span><a class=self-link href=#placement></a></h3>
<p>This module replaces and extends the text-decorating
features defined in <a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#css21 title=css21>[CSS21]</a> chapter 16.
<h3 class="heading settled heading" data-level=1.2 id=values><span class=secno>1.2 </span><span class=content>
Values</span><a class=self-link href=#values></a></h3>
133E
<p>This specification follows the
<a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/about.html#property-defs>CSS property
definition conventions</a> from <a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#css21 title=css21>[CSS21]</a>. Value types not defined in
this specification are defined in CSS Level 2 Revision 1 <a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#css21 title=css21>[CSS21]</a>.
Other CSS modules may expand the definitions of these value types: for
example <a data-biblio-type=informative data-link-type=biblio href=#css3color title=css3color>[CSS3COLOR]</a>, when combined with this module, expands the
definition of the <color> value type as used in this specification.</p>
<p>In addition to the property-specific values listed in their definitions,
all properties defined in this specification also accept the
<a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/cascade.html#value-def-inherit>inherit</a>
keyword as their property value. For readability it has not been repeated
explicitly.
<h3 class="heading settled heading" data-level=1.3 id=terms><span class=secno>1.3 </span><span class=content>Terminology</span><a class=self-link href=#terms></a></h3>
<p>The terms <dfn data-dfn-type=dfn data-noexport="" id=character><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-text/#grapheme-cluster>character</a><a class=self-link href=#character></a></dfn>,
<dfn data-dfn-type=dfn data-noexport="" id=letter><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-text/#letter>letter</a><a class=self-link href=#letter></a></dfn>, and
<dfn data-dfn-type=dfn data-noexport="" id=content-language><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-text/#content-language>content language</a><a class=self-link href=#content-language></a></dfn>
as used in this specification are defined in <a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#css3text title=css3text>[CSS3TEXT]</a>.
Other terminology and concepts used in this specification are defined
in <a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#css21 title=css21>[CSS21]</a> and <a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#css3-writing-modes title=css3-writing-modes>[CSS3-WRITING-MODES]</a>.
<h2 class="heading settled heading" data-level=2 id=line-decoration><span class=secno>2 </span><span class=content>
Line Decoration: Underline, Overline, and Strike-Through</span><a class=self-link href=#line-decoration></a></h2>
<p>
The following properties describe line decorations that are added to the content of an element.
When specified on or propagated to an inline box,
that box becomes a <dfn data-dfn-type=dfn data-noexport="" id=decorating-box>decorating box<a class=self-link href=#decorating-box></a></dfn> for that decoration,
applying the decoration to all its fragments.
The decoration is then further propagated to any in-flow block-level boxes that split the inline
(see <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/visuren.html#anonymous-block-level>CSS2.1 section 9.2.1.1</a>).
When specified on or propagated to a block container that establishes an inline formatting context,
the decorations are propagated to an anonymous inline box that wraps all the in-flow inline-level children of the block container.
When specified on or propagated to a ruby box,
the decorations are propagated only to the ruby base.
For all other box types,
the decorations are propagated to all in-flow children.
<p class=note>
Note that text decorations are not propagated to any out-of-flow descendants,
nor to the contents of atomic inline-level descendants such as inline blocks and inline tables.
They are also not propagated to inline children of inline boxes,
although the decoration is <em>applied</em> to such boxes.
<p>
By default underlines, overlines, and line-throughs are applied only to non-replaced inline boxes,
and are drawn across all text (including white space, letter spacing, and word spacing).
Atomic inlines, such as images, are not decorated.
The <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-decoration-skip title=text-decoration-skip>text-decoration-skip</a> property can be used to modify this behavior,
for example allowing atomic inlines to be underlined
or requiring that white space be skipped.
Margins, borders, and padding of the <a data-link-type=dfn href=#decorating-box title="decorating box">decorating box</a> are always skipped.
<p>Relatively positioning a descendant moves all text decorations
applied to it along with the descendant’s text; it does not affect
calculation of the decoration’s initial position on that line.
The <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/visufx.html#propdef-visibility title=visibility>visibility</a> property, <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-shadow title=text-shadow>text-shadow</a>, filters, and other graphical transformations
likewise affect text decorations as part of the text they’re drawn on,
even if the decorations were specified on an ancestor box,
and do not affect the calculation of their initial positions or thicknesses.
(In the case of line decorations drawn over an atomic inline
or across the margins/borders/padding of a non-replaced inline box,
they are analogously associated with the affected atomic inline / non-replaced inline box
rather than with the <a data-link-type=dfn href=#decorating-box title="decorating box">decorating box</a>.)
<div class=example>
<p>In the following style sheet and document fragment:</p>
<pre> blockquote { text-decoration: underline; color: blue; }
em { display: block; }
cite { color: fuchsia; }</pre> <pre> <blockquote>
<p>
<span>
Help, help!
<em> I am under a hat! </em>
<cite> —GwieF </cite>
</span>
</p>
</blockquote></pre> <p>...the underlining for the blockquote element is propagated to an
anonymous inline box that surrounds the span element, causing
the text "Help, help!" to be blue, with the blue underlining from
the anonymous inline underneath it, the color being taken from the
blockquote element. The <code><em>text</em></code>
in the em block is also underlined, as it is in an in-flow block to
which the underline is propagated. The final line of text is fuchsia,
but the underline underneath it is still the blue underline from the
anonymous inline element.</p>
<p><img alt="Sample rendering of the above underline example" src=underline-example.png></p>
<p>This diagram shows the boxes involved in the example above. The
rounded aqua line represents the anonymous inline element wrapping
the inline contents of the paragraph element, the rounded blue line
represents the span element, and the orange lines represent the
blocks.</p>
</div>
<h3 class="heading settled heading" data-level=2.1 id=text-decoration-line-property><span class=secno>2.1 </span><span class=content>
Text Decoration Lines: the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-decoration-line title=text-decoration-line>text-decoration-line</a> property</span><a class=self-link href=#text-decoration-line-property></a></h3>
<table class=propdef>
<tr>
<th>Name:
<td><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-text-decoration-line>text-decoration-line<a class=self-link href=#propdef-text-decoration-line></a></dfn><tr>
<th><a href=#values>Value</a>:
<td>none | [ underline || overline || line-through || blink ]
<tr>
<th>Initial:
<td>none
<tr>
<th>Applies to:
<td>all elements
<tr>
<th>Inherited:
<td>no (but see prose)
<tr>
<th>Percentages:
<td>N/A
<tr>
<th>Media:
<td>visual
<tr>
<th>Computed value:
<td>as specified
<tr>
<th>Animatable:
<td>no
</table>
<p>Specifies what line decorations, if any, are added to the element.
Values have the following meanings:</p>
<dl>
<dt><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-decoration-line data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valuedef-none0>none<a class=self-link href=#valuedef-none0></a></dfn>
<dd>Neither produces nor inhibits text decoration.
<dt><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-decoration-line data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valuedef-underline>underline<a class=self-link href=#valuedef-underline></a></dfn>
<dd>Each line of text is underlined.
<dt><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-decoration-line data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valuedef-overline>overline<a class=self-link href=#valuedef-overline></a></dfn>
<dd>Each line of text has a line over it (i.e. on the opposite
side from an underline).
<dt><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-decoration-line data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valuedef-line-through>line-through<a class=self-link href=#valuedef-line-through></a></dfn>
<dd>Each line of text has a line through the middle.
<dt><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-decoration-line data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valuedef-blink>blink<a class=self-link href=#valuedef-blink></a></dfn>
<dd>
The text blinks (alternates between visible and invisible).
Conforming user agents may simply not blink the text.
Note that not blinking the text is one technique to satisfy <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/UAAG/guidelines.html#tech-on-off-blinking-text>checkpoint 3.3 of WAI-UAAG</a>.
This value is <strong>deprecated</strong> in favor of Animations <a data-biblio-type=informative data-link-type=biblio href=#css3-animations title=css3-animations>[CSS3-ANIMATIONS]</a>.
</dl>
<h3 class="heading settled heading" data-level=2.2 id=text-decoration-color-property><span class=secno>2.2 </span><span class=content>
Text Decoration Color: the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-decoration-color title=text-decoration-color>text-decoration-color</a> property</span><a class=self-link href=#text-decoration-color-property></a></h3>
<table class=propdef>
<tr>
<th>Name:
<td><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-text-decoration-color>text-decoration-color<a class=self-link href=#propdef-text-decoration-color></a></dfn><tr>
<th><a href=#values>Value</a>:
<td><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#color0><span class=value-inst-color><color></span></a>
<tr>
<th>Initial:
<td><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#currentcolor>currentColor</a>
<tr>
<th>Applies to:
<td>all elements
<tr>
<th>Inherited:
<td>no
<tr>
<th>Percentages:
<td>N/A
<tr>
<th>Media:
<td>visual
<tr>
<th>Computed value:
<td>the computed color
<tr>
<th>Animatable:
<td>as <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-transitions/#animtype-color>color</a>
</table>
<p>This property specifies the color of text decoration (underlines
overlines, and line-throughs) set on the element with
<a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-decoration-line title=text-decoration-line>text-decoration-line</a>.</p>
<p>
The color of text decorations must remain the same on all decorations originating from a given element,
even if descendant boxes have different specified colors.
<h3 class="heading settled heading" data-level=2.3 id=text-decoration-style-property><span class=secno>2.3 </span><span class=content>
Text Decoration Style: the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-decoration-style title=text-decoration-style>text-decoration-style</a> property</span><a class=self-link href=#text-decoration-style-property></a></h3>
<table class=propdef>
<tr>
<th>Name:
<td><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-text-decoration-style>text-decoration-style<a class=self-link href=#propdef-text-decoration-style></a></dfn><tr>
<th><a href=#values>Value</a>:
<td>solid | double | dotted | dashed | wavy
<tr>
<th>Initial:
<td>solid
<tr>
<th>Applies to:
<td>all elements
<tr>
<th>Inherited:
<td>no
<tr>
<th>Percentages:
<td>N/A
<tr>
<th>Media:
<td>visual
<tr>
<th>Computed value:
<td>as specified
<tr>
<th>Animatable:
<td>no
</table>
<p>This property specifies the style of the line(s) drawn for
text decoration specified on the element. Values have the
same meaning as for the
<a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-background/#the-border-style>border-style
properties</a> <a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#css3bg title=css3bg>[CSS3BG]</a>. <span class=css data-link-type=maybe title=wavy>wavy</span> indicates a wavy line.</p>
<p>
The style of text decorations must remain the same on all decorations originating from a given element,
even if descendant boxes have different specified styles.
<h3 class="heading settled heading" data-level=2.4 id=text-decoration-property><span class=secno>2.4 </span><span class=content>
Text Decoration Shorthand: the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-decoration title=text-decoration>text-decoration</a> property</span><a class=self-link href=#text-decoration-property></a></h3>
<table class=propdef>
<tr>
<th>Name:
<td><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-text-decoration>text-decoration<a class=self-link href=#propdef-text-decoration></a></dfn><tr>
<th><a href=#values>Value</a>:
<td><var><a href=#text-decoration-line><text-decoration-line></a></var> ||
<var><a href=#text-decoration-style><text-decoration-style></a></var> ||
<var><a href=#text-decoration-color><text-decoration-color></a></var>
<tr>
<th>Initial:
<td>none
<tr>
<th>Applies to:
<td>all elements
<tr>
<th>Inherited:
<td>no
<tr>
<th>Percentages:
<td>N/A
<tr>
<th>Media:
<td>visual
<tr>
<th>Computed value:
<td>see individual properties
<tr>
<th>Animatable:
<td>see individual properties
</table>
<p>This property is a shorthand for setting <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-decoration-line title=text-decoration-line>text-decoration-line</a>,
<a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-decoration-color title=text-decoration-color>text-decoration-color</a>, and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-decoration-style title=text-decoration-style>text-decoration-style</a> in one declaration.
Omitted values are set to their initial values. A <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-decoration title=text-decoration>text-decoration</a>
declaration that omits both the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-decoration-color title=text-decoration-color>text-decoration-color</a>
and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-decoration-style title=text-decoration-style>text-decoration-style</a> values is backwards-compatible
with CSS Levels 1 and 2.</p>
<div class=example>
<p>The following example underlines unvisited links with a solid blue
underline in CSS1 and CSS2 UAs and a navy dotted underline in CSS3 UAs.</p>
<pre><code class=css>
:link {
color: blue;
text-decoration: underline;
text-decoration: navy dotted underline; /* <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#ignore>Ignored</a> in CSS1/CSS2 UAs */
}</code></pre> </div>
<h3 class="heading settled heading" data-level=2.5 id=text-decoration-skip-property><span class=secno>2.5 </span><span class=content>
Text Decoration Line Continuity: the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-decoration-skip title=text-decoration-skip>text-decoration-skip</a> property</span><a class=self-link href=#text-decoration-skip-property></a></h3>
<table class=propdef>
<tr>
<th>Name:
<td><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-text-decoration-skip>text-decoration-skip<a class=self-link href=#propdef-text-decoration-skip></a></dfn><tr>
<th><a href=#values>Value</a>:
<td>none | [ objects || spaces || ink || edges || box-decoration ]
<tr>
<th>Initial:
<td>objects
<tr>
<th>Applies to:
<td>all elements
<tr>
<th>Inherited:
<td>yes
<tr>
<th>Percentages:
<td>N/A
<tr>
<th>Media:
<td>visual
<tr>
<th>Computed value:
<td>as specified
<tr>
<th>Animatable:
<td>no
</table>
<p>This property specifies what parts of the element’s content
any text decoration affecting the element must skip over. It
controls all text decoration lines drawn by the element
and also any text decoration lines drawn by its ancestors.
Values have the following meanings:</p>
<dl>
<dt><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-decoration-skip data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valuedef-none1>none<a class=self-link href=#valuedef-none1></a></dfn></dt>
<dd>Skip nothing: text-decoration is drawn for all text content
and across atomic inline-level boxes.</dd>
<dt><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-decoration-skip data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valuedef-objects>objects<a class=self-link href=#valuedef-objects></a></dfn></dt>
<dd>Skip this element (its entire margin box) if it is an atomic inline
(such as an image or inline-block).
<dt><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-decoration-skip data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valuedef-spaces>spaces<a class=self-link href=#valuedef-spaces></a></dfn></dt>
<dd>Skip all spacing, i.e. all <a data-link-type=dfn href=#character title=characters>characters</a> with the Unicode White_Space property <a data-biblio-type=informative data-link-type=biblio href=#uax44 title=uax44>[UAX44]</a>
and all <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-text/#word-separator>word separators</a>,
plus any adjacent letter-spacing or word-spacing <a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#css3text title=css3text>[CSS3TEXT]</a>.
<dt><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-decoration-skip data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valuedef-ink>ink<a class=self-link href=#valuedef-ink></a></dfn></dt>
<dd>Skip over where glyphs are drawn:
interrupt the decoration line to let the shape of the text show through
where the text decoration would otherwise cross over a glyph.
The UA must skip a small distance to either side of the glyph outline.
<div class=figure>
<p><img alt="An alphabetic underline through Myanmar text skips around descenders and the vertical strokes of combining characters that drop below the alphabetic baseline." src=decoration-skip-ink.png title="text-decoration-skip: ink">
<p class=caption><a class=css data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-decoration-skip title=text-decoration-skip>text-decoration-skip: ink</a></p>
</div>
<dt><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-decoration-skip data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valuedef-edges>edges<a class=self-link href=#valuedef-edges></a></dfn></dt>
<dd>The UA should place the start and end of the line inwards slightly
(e.g. by half a line thickness)
from the content edge of the <a data-link-type=dfn href=#decorating-box title="decorating box">decorating box</a> so that,
e.g. two underlined elements side-by-side do not appear to have a single underline.
(This is important in Chinese, where underlining is a form of punctuation.)
<div class=figure>
<p><img alt="An underline below a series of Chinese characters has a gap between two adjacent underlining elements." src=decoration-skip-edges.png title="text-decoration-skip: edges">
<p class=caption><a class=css data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-decoration-skip title=text-decoration-skip>text-decoration-skip: edges</a> for <code><u>石井</u><u>艾俐俐</u></code>
</p>
</div>
<dt><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-decoration-skip data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valuedef-box-decoration>box-decoration<a class=self-link href=#valuedef-box-decoration></a></dfn>
<dd>
Skip over the box’s margin, border, and padding areas.
Note that this only has an effect on decorations imposed by an ancestor;
a <a data-link-type=dfn href=#decorating-box title="decorating box">decorating box</a> never draws over its own box decoration.
</dl>
<p class=note>Note that this property inherits and that descendant
elements can have a different setting.</p>
<p class=note>
Note that CSS 2.1 required skipping margins, borders, and padding always.
In this level, by default only the margins, borders, and padding of the <a data-link-type=dfn href=#decorating-box title="decorating box">decorating box</a> are skipped.
In the future CSS2.1 may be updated to match this new default.
<h3 class="heading settled heading" data-level=2.6 id=text-underline-position-property><span class=secno>2.6 </span><span class=content>
Text Underline Position: the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-underline-position title=text-underline-position>text-underline-position</a> property</span><a class=self-link href=#text-underline-position-property></a></h3>
<table class=propdef>
<tr>
<th>Name:
<td><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-text-underline-position>text-underline-position<a class=self-link href=#propdef-text-underline-position></a></dfn><tr>
<th><a href=#values>Value</a>:
<td>auto | [ under || [ left | right ] ]
<tr>
<th>Initial:
<td>auto
<tr>
<th>Applies to:
<td>all elements
<tr>
<th>Inherited:
<td>yes
<tr>
<th>Percentages:
<td>N/A
<tr>
<th>Media:
<td>visual
<tr>
<th>Computed value:
<td>as specified
<tr>
<th>Animatable:
<td>no
</table>
<p>This property sets the position of an underline specified on the element.
(It does not affect underlines specified by ancestor elements.)
If <a class=css data-link-for=text-underline-position data-link-type=maybe href=#underline-left title=left>left</a> or <a class=css data-link-for=text-underline-position data-link-type=maybe href=#underline-right title=right>right</a> is specified alone,
<a class=css data-link-for=text-underline-position data-link-type=maybe href=#underline-under title=under>under</a> is also implied.
<div class=example>
<p>The following example styles modern Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
texts with the appropriate underline positions in both horizontal
and vertical text:
<pre>:root:lang(ja), [lang|=ja], :root:lang(ko), [lang|=ko] { text-underline-position: under right; }
:root:lang(zh), [lang|=zh] { text-underline-position: under left; }</pre> <p>(Note that these rules are part of the suggested
<a href=#default-stylesheet>default UA style sheet</a>.)
</div>
<p>Values have the following meanings:
<dl>
<dt><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-underline-position data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=underline-auto>auto<a class=self-link href=#underline-auto></a></dfn></dt>
<dd>The user agent may use any algorithm to determine the
underline’s position; however it must be placed at or under
the alphabetic baseline.
<p class=note>It is suggested that the default underline position
be close to the alphabetic baseline,
unless that would either cross subscripted (or otherwise lowered) text
or draw over glyphs from Asian scripts such as Han or Tibetan
for which an alphabetic underline is too high:
in such cases, shifting the underline lower
or aligning to the em box edge as described for <a class=css data-link-for=text-underline-position data-link-type=maybe href=#underline-under title=under>under</a>
may be more appropriate.
<div class=figure>
<p><img alt="In a typical Latin font, the underline is positioned slightly
below the alphabetic baseline, leaving a gap between the line
and the bottom of most Latin letters, but crossing through
descenders such as the stem of a 'p'." src=underline-position-alphabetic.png title="text-underline-position: alphabetic">
<p class=caption>A typical “alphabetic” underline is positioned just below the alphabetic baseline
</div>
<dt><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-underline-position data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=underline-under>under<a class=self-link href=#underline-under></a></dfn></dt>
<dd>The underline is positioned <a data-link-type=dfn href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#under title=under>under</a> the element’s text content.
In this case the underline usually does not cross the descenders.
(This is sometimes called “accounting” underline.)
This value can be combined with <a class=css data-link-for=text-underline-position data-link-type=maybe href=#underline-left title=left>left</a> or <a class=css data-link-for=text-underline-position data-link-type=maybe href=#underline-right title=right>right</a>
if a particular side is preferred in vertical writing modes.
<div class=figure>
<p><img alt="In a typical Latin font, the underline is far enough
below the text that it does not cross the bottom of a 'g'." src=underline-position-under.png title="text-underline-position: under">
<p class=caption><a class=css data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-underline-position title=text-underline-position>text-underline-position: under</a></p>
</div>
<div class=example>
<p>Because <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-underline-position title=text-underline-position>text-underline-position</a> inherits, and is not reset
by the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-decoration title=text-decoration>text-decoration</a> shorthand, the following example
switches the document to use <a class=css data-link-for=text-underline-position data-link-type=maybe href=#underline-under title=under>under</a> underlining, which can
be more appropriate for writing systems with long, complicated
descenders. It is also often useful for mathematical or chemical
texts that use many subscripts.
<pre>:root { text-underline-position: under; }</pre> </div>
<dt><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-underline-position data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=underline-left>left<a class=self-link href=#underline-left></a></dfn></dt>
<dd>In vertical writing modes, the underline is aligned as for
<a class=css data-link-for=text-underline-position data-link-type=maybe href=#underline-under title=under>under</a>, except it is always aligned to the left edge of the text.
If this causes the underline to be drawn on the "over" side of
the text, then an overline also switches sides and is drawn on
the "under" side.
<dt><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-underline-position data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=underline-right>right<a class=self-link href=#underline-right></a></dfn></dt>
<dd>In vertical writing modes, the underline is aligned as for
<a class=css data-link-for=text-underline-position data-link-type=maybe href=#underline-under title=under>under</a>, except it is always aligned to the right edge of the text.
If this causes the underline to be drawn on the "over" side of
the text, then an overline also switches sides and is drawn on
the "under" side.</dd>
</dl>
<div class=figure id=fig-text-underline-position>
<table>
<tr>
<td>
<img alt="In mixed Japanese-Latin vertical text, 'text-underline-position: left'
places the underline on the left side of the text." src=underline-position-left.png title="text-underline-position: left">
<td>
<img alt="In mixed Japanese-Latin vertical text, 'text-underline-position: right'
places the underline on the right side of the text." src=underline-position-right.png title="text-underline-position: right">
<tr>
<td><a class=css data-link-for=text-underline-position data-link
6D50
-type=maybe href=#underline-left title=left>left</a>
<td><a class=css data-link-for=text-underline-position data-link-type=maybe href=#underline-right title=right>right</a>
</table>
<p class=caption>In vertical writing modes, the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-underline-position title=text-underline-position>text-underline-position</a>
values <a class=css data-link-for=text-underline-position data-link-type=maybe href=#underline-left title=left>left</a> and <a class=css data-link-for=text-underline-position data-link-type=maybe href=#underline-right title=right>right</a> allow placing the underline on either
side of the text. (In horizontal writing modes, both values are
treated as <a class=css data-link-for=text-underline-position data-link-type=maybe href=#underline-under title=under>under</a>.)</p>
</div>
<p>The exact position and thickness of line decorations is UA-defined in this level.
However, for underlines and overlines
the UA must use a single thickness and position on each line
for the decorations deriving from a single <a data-link-type=dfn href=#decorating-box title="decorating box">decorating box</a>.
<div class=figure>
<p><img alt="A single underline drawn under varying font sizes and vertical positions must be a single line." src=underline-single.png>
vs.
<img alt="Drawing multiple line segments, each with the position and thickness appropriate to the decorated text, is incorrect." src=underline-broken.png>
<p class=caption>Correct and incorrect rendering of <code><u>A<sup>B</sup><big>C</big>D</u></code>
</div>
<div class=note>
<p>Note, since line decorations can span elements with varying font sizes and
vertical alignments, the best position for a line decoration is not
necessarily the ideal position dictated by the <a data-link-type=dfn href=#decorating-box title="decorating box">decorating box</a>.
For example, an overline positioned to a small font
will effectively become a line-through if the element contains text in a significantly larger font-size.
Even for underlines, if the text is not aligned to the alphabetic baseline
(for example, in vertical typesetting styles, text is aligned to the central baseline by default)
an underline will cut through descendant text of a larger font-size.
<div class=figure>
<p><img alt="" src=leftline-cross.png>
</div>
</div>
<p>UAs <em>must</em> adjust line positions to match the shifted metrics of <a data-link-type=dfn href=#decorating-box title="decorating boxes">decorating boxes</a> positioned with <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/visudet.html#propdef-vertical-align title=vertical-align>vertical-align</a> <a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#css21 title=css21>[CSS21]</a>
or subscripted/superscripted via <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-fonts-3/#propdef-font-variant-position title=font-variant-position>font-variant-position</a> <a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#css3-fonts title=css3-fonts>[CSS3-FONTS]</a>,
but <em>must not</em> adjust the line position or thickness in response to descendants of a <a data-link-type=dfn href=#decorating-box title="decorating box">decorating box</a> that are so styled.
This allows superscripts and subscripts to be properly decorated
(underlined, struck through, etc.)
but prevents them from distorting or breaking the positioning of such decorations on their ancestors.
<div class=figure>
<p><img alt="An underline for just the superscript 'st' in '1st' is drawn just below the superscript,
whereas an underline for the entire text is drawn at the appropriate position for full-size text." src=underline-superscript.png>
<p class=caption>Example of underline applied to <abbr title="element with 'vertical-align' or 'font-variant-position' applied">superscripted text</abbr>
vs. underline applied to <abbr title="element containing an element with 'vertical-align' or 'font-variant-position' applied">text containing a superscript</abbr>
</div>
<p>Some font formats (such as OpenType) can offer information
about the appropriate position of a line decoration.
The UA should use such information
(such as the underline thickness,
or appropriate alphabetic underline position)
from the font wherever appropriate.
<p class=note>Typically, OpenType font metrics give the position of an <span class=css data-link-type=maybe title=alphabetic>alphabetic</span> underline;
in some cases (especially in CJK fonts), it gives the position of a <span class=css data-link-type=maybe title="under left">under left</span> underline.
(In this case, the font’s underline metrics typically touch the bottom edge of the em box).
The UA may but is not required to correct for incorrect font metrics.
<h2 class="heading settled heading" data-level=3 id=emphasis-marks><span class=secno>3 </span><span class=content>
Emphasis Marks</span><a class=self-link href=#emphasis-marks></a></h2>
<p>East Asian documents traditionally use small symbols next to each glyph to emphasize
a run of text. For example:</p>
<div class=figure>
<p>
<img alt="Example of emphasis in Japanese appearing over the text" class=example height=28 src=text-emphasis-ja.gif width=225></p>
<p class=caption>Accent emphasis (shown in blue for clarity) applied to Japanese text</p>
</div>
<p>The <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-emphasis title=text-emphasis>text-emphasis</a> shorthand, and its <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-emphasis-style title=text-emphasis-style>text-emphasis-style</a> and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-emphasis-color title=text-emphasis-color>text-emphasis-color</a> longhands,
can be used to apply such marks to the text.
The <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-emphasis-position title=text-emphasis-position>text-emphasis-position</a> property, which inherits separately,
allows setting the emphasis marks’ position with respect to the text.
<h3 class="heading settled heading" data-level=3.1 id=text-emphasis-style-property><span class=secno>3.1 </span><span class=content>
Emphasis Mark Style: the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-emphasis-style title=text-emphasis-style>text-emphasis-style</a> property</span><a class=self-link href=#text-emphasis-style-property></a></h3>
<table class=propdef>
<tr>
<th>Name:
<td><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-text-emphasis-style>text-emphasis-style<a class=self-link href=#propdef-text-emphasis-style></a></dfn><tr>
<th><a href=#values>Value</a>:
<td>none |
[ [ filled | open ] || [ dot | circle | double-circle | triangle | sesame ] ] |
<a class=noxref href=http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#value-def-string><span class=value-inst-string><string></span></a>
<tr>
<th>Initial:
<td>none
<tr>
<th>Applies to:
<td>all elements
<tr>
<th>Inherited:
<td>yes
<tr>
<th>Percentages:
<td>N/A
<tr>
<th>Media:
<td>visual
<tr>
<th>Computed value:
<td><span class=css data-link-for=text-emphasis-style data-link-type=maybe title=none>none</span>, a pair of keywords representing the shape and fill, or
a string
<tr>
<th>Animatable:
<td>no
</table>
<p>This property applies emphasis marks to the element’s text.
Values have the following meanings:</p>
<dl>
<dt><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-text-emphasis-style data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valuedef-none>none<a class=self-link href=#valuedef-none></a></dfn></dt>
<dd>No emphasis marks.</dd>
<dt><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-text-emphasis-style data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valuedef-filled>filled<a class=self-link href=#valuedef-filled></a></dfn></dt>
<dd>The shape is filled with solid color.</dd>
<dt><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-text-emphasis data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valuedef-open>open<a class=self-link href=#valuedef-open></a></dfn></dt>
<dd>The shape is hollow.</dd>
<dt><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-text-emphasis-style data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valuedef-dot>dot<a class=self-link href=#valuedef-dot></a></dfn></dt>
<dd>Display small circles as marks.
The filled dot is U+2022 '•', and the open dot is U+25E6 '◦'.</dd>
<dt><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-text-emphasis-style data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valuedef-circle>circle<a class=self-link href=#valuedef-circle></a></dfn></dt>
<dd>Display large circles as marks.
The filled circle is U+25CF '●', and the open circle is U+25CB '○'.</dd>
<dt><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-text-emphasis-style data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valuedef-double-circle>double-circle<a class=self-link href=#valuedef-double-circle></a></dfn></dt>
<dd>Display double circles as marks.
The filled double-circle is U+25C9 '◉', and the open double-circle is U+25CE '◎'.</dd>
<dt><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-text-emphasis-style data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valuedef-triangle>triangle<a class=self-link href=#valuedef-triangle></a></dfn></dt>
<dd>Display triangles as marks.
The filled triangle is U+25B2 '▲', and the open triangle is U+25B3 '△'.</dd>
<dt><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-text-emphasis-style data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valuedef-sesame>sesame<a class=self-link href=#valuedef-sesame></a></dfn></dt>
<dd>Display sesames as marks.
The filled sesame is U+FE45 '﹅', and the open sesame is U+FE46 '﹆'.</dd>
<dt><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-text-emphasis-style data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valuedef-string><var><string></var><a class=self-link href=#valuedef-string></a></dfn></dt>
<dd>Display the given string as marks.
Authors should not specify more than one <a data-link-type=dfn href=#character title=character>character</a> in <string>.
The UA may truncate or ignore strings consisting of more than one grapheme cluster.</dd>
</dl>
<p>If a shape keyword is specified but neither of <a class=css data-link-type=maybe href=#valuedef-filled title=filled>filled</a> nor <a class=css data-link-type=maybe href=#valuedef-open title=open>open</a> is
specified, <a class=css data-link-type=maybe href=#valuedef-filled title=filled>filled</a> is assumed. If only <a class=css data-link-type=maybe href=#valuedef-filled title=filled>filled</a> or <a class=css data-link-type=maybe href=#valuedef-open title=open>open</a> is specified,
the shape keyword computes to <a class=css data-link-type=maybe href=#valuedef-circle title=circle>circle</a> in horizontal writing mode and
<a class=css data-link-type=maybe href=#valuedef-sesame title=sesame>sesame</a> in vertical writing mode.</p>
<p>The marks should be drawn using the element’s font settings with its
size scaled down to 50%. However, not all fonts have all these glyphs,
and some fonts use inappropriate sizes for emphasis marks in these
code points. The UA may opt to use a font known to be good for
emphasis marks, or the marks may instead be synthesized by the UA.
Marks must remain upright in vertical writing modes: like CJK
characters, they do not rotate to match the writing mode.</p>
<p class=note>
One example of good fonts for emphasis marks is Adobe’s opensource project,
<a href=http://sourceforge.net/adobe/kenten-generic/>Kenten Generic OpenType Font</a>,
which is specially designed for the emphasis marks.
</p>
<p>The marks are drawn once for each <a data-link-type=dfn href=#character title=character>character</a>. However,
emphasis marks are not drawn for characters that are:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-text/#word-separator>Word separators</a> or that
belong to the Unicode separator classes (Z*).
(But note that emphasis marks <em>are</em> drawn for a space
that combines with any combining characters.)</li>
<li>Characters belonging to the Unicode classes for control codes
and unassigned characters (Cc, Cf, Cn).</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="heading settled heading" data-level=3.2 id=text-emphasis-color-property><span class=secno>3.2 </span><span class=content>
Emphasis Mark Color: the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-emphasis-color title=text-emphasis-color>text-emphasis-color</a> property</span><a class=self-link href=#text-emphasis-color-property></a></h3>
<table class=propdef>
<tr>
<th>Name:
<td><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-text-emphasis-color>text-emphasis-color<a class=self-link href=#propdef-text-emphasis-color></a></dfn><tr>
<th><a href=#values>Value</a>:
<td><color>
<tr>
<th>Initial:
<td><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#currentcolor>currentColor</a>
<tr>
<th>Applies to:
<td>all elements
<tr>
<th>Inherited:
<td>yes
<tr>
<th>Percentages:
<td>N/A
<tr>
<th>Media:
<td>visual
<tr>
<th>Computed value:
<td>as specified
<tr>
<th>Animatable:
<td>as <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-transitions/#animtype-color>color</a>
</table>
<p>This property specifies the foreground color of the emphasis marks.</p>
<p class=note>
The <dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-emphasis-color data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valuedef-currentcolor>currentcolor<a class=self-link href=#valuedef-currentcolor></a></dfn> keyword computes to itself
and is resolved to the value of <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-color-3/#color0 title=color>color</a> after inheritance is performed.
This means <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-emphasis-color title=text-emphasis-color>text-emphasis-color</a> by default matches the text <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-color-3/#color0 title=color>color</a>
even as <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-color-3/#color0 title=color>color</a> changes across elements.
<h3 class="heading settled heading" data-level=3.3 id=text-emphasis-property><span class=secno>3.3 </span><span class=content>
Emphasis Mark Shorthand: the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-emphasis title=text-emphasis>text-emphasis</a> property</span><a class=self-link href=#text-emphasis-property></a></h3>
<table class=propdef>
<tr>
<th>Name:
<td><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-text-emphasis>text-emphasis<a class=self-link href=#propdef-text-emphasis></a></dfn><tr>
<th><a href=#values>Value</a>:
<td>'<<a href=#text-emphasis-style>text-emphasis-style</a>>' || '<<a href=#text-emphasis-color>text-emphasis-color</a>>'
<tr>
<th>Initial:
<td>see individual properties
<tr>
<th>Applies to:
<td>all elements
<tr>
<th>Inherited:
<td>yes
<tr>
<th>Percentages:
<td>N/A
<tr>
<th>Media:
<td>visual
<tr>
<th>Computed value:
<td>see individual properties
<tr>
<th>Animatable:
<td>see individual properties
</table>
<p>This property is a shorthand for setting
<a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-emphasis-style title=text-emphasis-style>text-emphasis-style</a> and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-emphasis-color title=text-emphasis-color>text-emphasis-color</a>
in one declaration.
Omitted values are set to their initial values.</p>
<p class=note>Note that <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-emphasis-position title=text-emphasis-position>text-emphasis-position</a> is not reset in this
shorthand. This is because typically the shape and color vary, but the
position is consistent for a particular language throughout the document.
Therefore the position should inherit independently.</p>
<h3 class="heading settled heading" data-level=3.4 id=text-emphasis-position-property><span class=secno>3.4 </span><span class=content>
Emphasis Mark Position: the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-emphasis-position title=text-emphasis-position>text-emphasis-position</a> property</span><a class=self-link href=#text-emphasis-position-property></a></h3>
<table class=propdef>
<tr>
<th>Name:
<td><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-text-emphasis-position>text-emphasis-position<a class=self-link href=#propdef-text-emphasis-position></a></dfn><tr>
<th><a href=#values>Value</a>:
<td>[ over | under ] && [ right | left ]
<tr>
<th>Initial:
<td>over right
<tr>
<th>Applies to:
<td>all elements
<tr>
<th>Inherited:
<td>yes
<tr>
<th>Percentages:
<td>N/A
<tr>
<th>Media:
<td>visual
<tr>
<th>Computed value:
<td>as specified
<tr>
<th>Animatable:
<td>no
</table>
<p>This property describes where emphasis marks are drawn at.
The values have following meanings:</p>
<dl>
<dt><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-text-emphasis-position data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valuedef-over>over<a class=self-link href=#valuedef-over></a></dfn></dt>
<dd>Draw marks over the text in horizontal writing mode.</dd>
<dt><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-text-emphasis-position data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valuedef-under>under<a class=self-link href=#valuedef-under></a></dfn></dt>
<dd>Draw marks under the text in horizontal writing mode.</dd>
<dt><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-text-emphasis-position data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valuedef-right>right<a class=self-link href=#valuedef-right></a></dfn></dt>
<dd>Draw marks to the right of the text in vertical writing mode.</dd>
<dt><dfn class=css-code data-dfn-for=text-text-emphasis-position data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valuedef-left>left<a class=self-link href=#valuedef-left></a></dfn></dt>
<dd>Draw marks to the left of the text in vertical writing mode.</dd>
</dl>
<p>Emphasis marks are drawn exactly as if each character was
assigned the mark as its ruby annotation text with the ruby position
given by <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-text-emphasis-position title=text-emphasis-position>text-emphasis-position</a> and the ruby alignment as centered.
<p>The effect of emphasis marks on the line height is the same as for
ruby text.</p>
<div class=note>
<p>Note, the preferred position of emphasis marks depends on the
language. In Japanese for example, the preferred position is
<span class=css data-link-type=maybe title="over right">over right</span>. In Chinese, on the other hand, the preferred