csswg-drafts/css-logical-props/Overview.html at d724c6764b1328f1c5b06903f92823c8a9933a2a · w3c/csswg-drafts · GitHub

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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang=en><head>
  <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv=Content-Type>
  <title>CSS Logical Properties Level 1</title>
  <link href=../default.css rel=stylesheet type=text/css>
  <link href=../csslogo.ico rel="shortcut icon" type=image/x-icon>
  <style>
  body {
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    background-attachment: fixed;
    color: black;
    font-family: sans-serif;
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    max-width: 50em;
    padding: 2em 1em 2em 70px;
  }
  :link { color: #00C; background: transparent }
  :visited { color: #609; background: transparent }
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  a[href]:hover { background: #ffa }

  a[href] img { border-style: none }

  h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { text-align: left }
  h1, h2, h3 { color: #005A9C; }
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  h2 { font: 140% sans-serif }
  h3 { font: 120% sans-serif }
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  h6 { font: small-caps 100% sans-serif }

  .hide { display: none }

  div.head { margin-bottom: 1em }
  div.head h1 { margin-top: 2em; clear: both }
  div.head table { margin-left: 2em; margin-top: 2em }

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    list-style: none;
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<body class=h-entry>
<div class=head>
  <p data-fill-with=logo><a class=logo href=http://www.w3.org/>
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  <h1 class="p-name no-ref" id=title>CSS Logical Properties Level 1</h1>
  <h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id=subtitle><span class=content>Editor’s Draft,
    <span class=dt-updated><span class=value-title title=20141029>29 October 2014</span></span></span></h2>
  <div data-fill-with=spec-metadata><dl><dt>This version:<dd><a class=u-url href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-logical-props/>http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-logical-props/</a><dt>Feedback:<dd><span><a href="mailto:www-style@w3.org?subject=[css-logical-props] feedback">www-style@w3.org</a> with subject line “<kbd>[css-logical-props] <var>… message topic …</var></kbd>” (<a href=http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/ rel=discussion>archives</a>)</span><dt>Editors:<dd><div class="p-author h-card vcard"><a class="p-name fn u-email email" href=mailto:ratan@microsoft.com>Rossen Atanassov</a> (<span class="p-org org">Microsoft</span>)</div><dd><div class="p-author h-card vcard"><a class="p-name fn u-url url" href=http://fantasai.inkedblade.net/contact>fantasai</a> (<span class="p-org org">Invited Expert</span>)</div></dl></div>
  <div data-fill-with=warning></div>
  <p class=copyright data-fill-with=copyright><a href=http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright>Copyright</a> © 2014 <a href=http://www.w3.org/><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href=http://www.csail.mit.edu/><abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>, <a href=http://www.ercim.eu/><abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>, <a href=http://www.keio.ac.jp/>Keio</a>, <a href=http://ev.buaa.edu.cn/>Beihang</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C <a href=http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer>liability</a>, <a href=http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks>trademark</a> and <a href=http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents>document use</a> rules apply.
</p>
  <hr title="Separator for header">
</div>

<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id=abstract><span class=content>Abstract</span></h2>
<div class=p-summary data-fill-with=abstract><p>This module introduces logical properties and values that provide the author with the ability to control layout through logical, rather than physical, direction and dimension mappings. The module defines logical properties and values for the features defined in [CSS21]. These properties are writing-mode relative equivalents of their corresponding physical properties.</p>

<a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS/>CSS</a> is a language for describing the rendering of structured documents
(such as HTML and XML)
on screen, on paper, in speech, etc.</div>

<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id=status><span class=content>Status of this document</span></h2>
<div data-fill-with=status><p>
	This is a public copy of the editors’ draft.
	It is provided for discussion only and may change at any moment.
	Its publication here does not imply endorsement of its contents by W3C.
	Don’t cite this document other than as work in progress.

<p>
	The (<a href=http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/>archived</a>) public mailing list
	<a href="mailto:www-style@w3.org?Subject=%5Bcss-logical-props%5D%20PUT%20SUBJECT%20HERE">www-style@w3.org</a>
	(see <a href=http://www.w3.org/Mail/Request>instructions</a>)
	is preferred for discussion of this specification.
	When sending e-mail,
	please put the text “css-logical-props” in the subject,
	preferably like this:
	“[css-logical-props] <em>…summary of comment…</em>”

<p>
	This document was produced by the <a href=http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/members>CSS Working Group</a>
	(part of the <a href=http://www.w3.org/Style/>Style Activity</a>).

<p>
	This document was produced by a group operating under
	the <a href=http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/>5 February 2004 W3C Patent Policy</a>.
	W3C maintains a <a href=http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/32061/status rel=disclosure>public list of any patent disclosures</a>
	made in connection with the deliverables of the group;
	that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent.
	An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a href=http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential>Essential Claim(s)</a>
	must disclose the information in accordance with <a href=http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure>section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy</a>.

<p>
	This document is governed by the <a href=http://www.w3.org/2014/Process-20140801/>1 August 2014 W3C Process Document</a>.
</div>
<div data-fill-with=at-risk></div>

<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id=contents><span class=content>Table of Contents</span></h2>
<div data-fill-with=table-of-contents><ul class=toc><li><a href=#logical-controls><span class=secno>1</span> <span class=content>
Logical Directional Values: <span class=css>block-start</span>, <span class=css>block-end</span>, <span class=css>inline-start</span>, <span class=css>inline-end</span></span></a><ul class=toc><li><a href=#caption-side><span class=secno>1.1</span> <span class=content>
Logical Values for the <span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=caption-side>caption-side</span> Property</span></a><li><a href=#float-clear><span class=secno>1.2</span> <span class=content>
Logical Values for the <span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=float>float</span> and <span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=clear>clear</span> Properties</span></a><li><a href=#text-align><span class=secno>1.3</span> <span class=content>
Logical Values for the <span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=text-align>text-align</span> Property</span></a><li><a href=#resize><span class=secno>1.4</span> <span class=content>
Logical Values for the <span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=text-align>text-align</span> Property</span></a></ul><li><a href=#logical-page><span class=secno>2</span> <span class=content>
Logical Page Classifications</span></a><ul class=toc><li><a href=#logical-dimension-properties><span class=secno>2.1</span> <span class=content>
Logical Height and Logical Width: the <span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=block-size>block-size</span> and <span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=inline-size>inline-size</span> properties</span></a><li><a href=#logical-prop><span class=secno>2.2</span> <span class=content>
Logical Margins and Offsets:
the margin- and offset- block-start/block-end/inline-start/inline-end properties</span></a><li><a href=#border-padding><span class=secno>2.3</span> <span class=content>
  Logical Padding and Border: the padding- and border-<var>*</var>-
  block-start/block-end/inline-start/inline-end properties</span></a><li><a href=#logical-shorthand-keyword><span class=secno>2.4</span> <span class=content>
Shorthand Properties with <span class=css data-link-type=maybe title=logical>logical</span> Keyword</span></a></ul><li><a href=#background-and-borders><span class=secno>3</span> <span class=content>
	Logical Background and Border Images</span></a><ul class=toc><li><a href=#background-image-transform-prop><span class=secno>3.1</span> <span class=content>
	Background Image Transform: The <span class=css>background-image-transform</span> property</span></a><li><a href=#background-repeat-prop><span class=secno>3.2</span> <span class=content>
	The <span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=background-repeat>background-repeat</span> property</span></a><li><a href=#border-image-transform-prop><span class=secno>3.3</span> <span class=content>
	Border Image Transform: The <span class=property data-link-type=propdesc title=border-image-transform>border-image-transform</span> property</span></a></ul><li><a href=#conformance><span class=secno></span> <span class=content>
Conformance</span></a><ul class=toc><li><a href=#conventions><span class=secno></span> <span class=content>
Document conventions</span></a><li><a href=#conformance-classes><span class=secno></span> <span class=content>
Conformance classes</span></a><li><a href=#partial><span class=secno></span> <span class=content>
Partial implementations</span></a><li><a href=#experimental><span class=secno></span> <span class=content>
Experimental implementations</span></a><li><a href=#testing><span class=secno></span> <span class=content>
Non-experimental implementations</span></a></ul><li><a href=#references><span class=secno></span> <span class=content>References</span></a><ul class=toc><li><a href=#normative><span class=secno></span> <span class=content>Normative References</span></a></ul><li><a href=#index><span class=secno></span> <span class=content>Index</span></a><li><a href=#property-index><span class=secno></span> <span class=content>Property Index</span></a><li><a href=#issues-index><span class=secno></span> <span class=content>Issues Index</span></a></ul></div>


<h1 id=intro>
Introduction</h1>

<p>See <a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-css3-writing-modes title=CSS3-WRITING-MODES>[CSS3-WRITING-MODES]</a> <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/css-writing-modes-3/#abstract-layout>Abstract Layout</a>
  for details on how to map between logical and physical terms.
  This mapping controls the interpretation of logical keywords and properties.</p>

<h2 class="heading settled" data-level=1 id=logical-controls><span class=secno>1. </span><span class=content>
Logical Directional Values: <span class=css>block-start</span>, <span class=css>block-end</span>, <span class=css>inline-start</span>, <span class=css>inline-end</span></span><a class=self-link href=#logical-controls></a></h2>

<p>Properties that accept physical directional keyword values
  (<a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-position-3/#propdef-top title=top>top</a>, <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-position-3/#propdef-bottom title=bottom>bottom</a>, <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-position-3/#propdef-left title=left>left</a>, or <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-position-3/#propdef-right title=right>right</a>) are redefined
  to also accept the appropriate logical directional keywords.
  In such cases,
  the logical values can be used in place of the corresponding physical values.
  For properties that take multiple keywords, combinations of logical and
  physical values are not allowed (unless otherwise specified in a future specification).</p>

<p>Properties can be either 1-dimensional or 2-dimensional.
  When contextually constrained to one dimension,
  the logical keywords are shortened.</p>

<h3 class="heading settled" data-level=1.1 id=caption-side><span class=secno>1.1. </span><span class=content>
Logical Values for the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/tables.html#propdef-caption-side title=caption-side>caption-side</a> Property</span><a class=self-link href=#caption-side></a></h3>

<table class="definition propdef partial"><tr><th>Name:<td><a class=css data-link-type=property href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/tables.html#propdef-caption-side title=caption-side>caption-side</a><tr><th>New values:<td class=prod>block-start <a data-link-for="" data-link-type=grammar href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one title=|>|</a> block-end <a data-link-for="" data-link-type=grammar href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one title=|>|</a> inline-start <a data-link-for="" data-link-type=grammar href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one title=|>|</a> inline-end</table>

<p>The <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/tables.html#propdef-caption-side title=caption-side>caption-side</a> property is 1-dimensional in CSS2.1,
  but was 2-dimensional in CSS2.0,
  (and presumably will be 2-dimensional again in the next update to CSS tables).
  It therefore accepts the full set of logical directions.
  However, the <span class=css>inline-start</span> and <span class=css>inline-end</span> properties
  (which correspond to the behavior of the <span class=css>left</span> and <span class=css>right</span> values in CSS2.0)
  are only required to be supported by UAs that support <span class=css>left</span> and <span class=css>right</span>.</p>

<h3 class="heading settled" data-level=1.2 id=float-clear><span class=secno>1.2. </span><span class=content>
Logical Values for the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/visuren.html#propdef-float title=float>float</a> and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/visuren.html#propdef-clear title=clear>clear</a> Properties</span><a class=self-link href=#float-clear></a></h3>

<table class="definition propdef partial"><tr><th>Name:<td><a class=css data-link-type=property href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/visuren.html#propdef-float title=float>float</a>, <a class=css data-link-type=property href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/visuren.html#propdef-clear title=clear>clear</a><tr><th>New values:<td class=prod>inline-start <a data-link-for="" data-link-type=grammar href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one title=|>|</a> inline-end</table>

<p class=issue id=issue-08d22bc3><a class=self-link href=#issue-08d22bc3></a>Is this a 2-directional property? Should these just be <span class=css>start</span>/<span class=css>end</span>?</p>

<h3 class="heading settled" data-level=1.3 id=text-align><span class=secno>1.3. </span><span class=content>
Logical Values for the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-text-3/#propdef-text-align title=text-align>text-align</a> Property</span><a class=self-link href=#text-align></a></h3>

<table class="definition propdef partial"><tr><th>Name:<td><a class=css data-link-type=property href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-text-3/#propdef-text-align title=text-align>text-align</a><tr><th>New values:<td class=prod>start <a data-link-for="" data-link-type=grammar href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one title=|>|</a> end</table>

<p>These values are normatively defined in <a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-css3text title=CSS3TEXT>[CSS3TEXT]</a>.</p>

  <p class=issue id=issue-13eba19d><a class=self-link href=#issue-13eba19d></a>
    float needs coordination with GCPM where it defines page floats

<h3 class="heading settled" data-level=1.4 id=resize><span class=secno>1.4. </span><span class=content>
Logical Values for the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-text-3/#propdef-text-align title=text-align>text-align</a> Property</span><a class=self-link href=#resize></a></h3>

<table class="definition propdef partial"><tr><th>Name:<td><a class=css data-link-type=property href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-ui-3/#resize0 title=resize>resize</a><tr><th>New values:<td class=prod>block <a data-link-for="" data-link-type=grammar href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one title=|>|&
7292
lt;/a> inline</table>

<h2 class="heading settled" data-level=2 id=logical-page><span class=secno>2. </span><span class=content>
Logical Page Classifications</span><a class=self-link href=#logical-page></a></h2>

<p>In CSS, all pages are classified by user agents as either left pages
  or right pages. <a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-css21 title=CSS21>[CSS21]</a> Which page is first in a spread, however,
  depends on whether the page progression is left-to-right or right-to-left.</p>

<p>To allow control of page breaking to the page that is on the earlier
  or later side of a spread, rather than to the left or right side of a
  spread, this module introduces the following additional keywords for the
  <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/page.html#propdef-page-break-after title=page-break-after>page-break-after</a> and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/page.html#propdef-page-break-before title=page-break-before>page-break-before</a> properties <a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-css21 title=CSS21>[CSS21]</a>:</p>

  <dl data-dfn-for=logical-page data-dfn-type=value>
    <dt><dfn class=css data-dfn-for=logical-page data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valdef-logical-page-recto>recto<a class=self-link href=#valdef-logical-page-recto></a></dfn>
      <dd>
        Equivalent to <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-position-3/#propdef-right title=right>right</a> in left-to-right page progressions
        and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-position-3/#propdef-left title=left>left</a> in right-to-left page progressions.

    <dt><dfn class=css data-dfn-for=logical-page data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valdef-logical-page-verso>verso<a class=self-link href=#valdef-logical-page-verso></a></dfn>
      <dd>
        Equivalent to <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-position-3/#propdef-left title=left>left</a> in left-to-right page progressions
        and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-position-3/#propdef-right title=right>right</a> in right-to-left page progressions.
  </dl>

<p>These values are further defined in <a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-css3-break title=CSS3-BREAK>[CSS3-BREAK]</a>.</p>

<p>Logical page selectors are also added to support logical page selection.
  Authors typically place page numbers using physical placements,
  but the contents of headers often follows conventions depending
  on which page in the spread is earlier.</p>

<p>Following <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/page.html#page-selectors>page
  selectors</a> are added to support this scenario:</p>
  <dl data-dfn-for=logical-page-selector data-dfn-type=value>
    <dt><dfn class=css data-dfn-for=logical-page-selector data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valdef-logical-page-selector-recto>:recto<a class=self-link href=#valdef-logical-page-selector-recto></a></dfn>
      <dd>
        Equivalent to ':right' in left-to-right page progressions
        and ':left' in right-to-left page progressions.

    <dt><dfn class=css data-dfn-for=logical-page-selector data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valdef-logical-page-selector-verso>:verso<a class=self-link href=#valdef-logical-page-selector-verso></a></dfn>
      <dd>
        Equivalent to ':left' in left-to-right page progressions
        and ':right' in right-to-left page progressions.
  </dl>

<p>The logical page selectors have specificity equal to the ':left'
  and ':right' page selectors.</p>

<h3 class="heading settled" data-level=2.1 id=logical-dimension-properties><span class=secno>2.1. </span><span class=content>
Logical Height and Logical Width: the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-block-size title=block-size>block-size</a> and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-inline-size title=inline-size>inline-size</a> properties</span><a class=self-link href=#logical-dimension-properties></a></h3>

<table class="definition propdef"><tr><th>Name:<td><dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-block-size>block-size<a class=self-link href=#propdef-block-size></a></dfn>, <dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-inline-size>inline-size<a class=self-link href=#propdef-inline-size></a></dfn><tr><th>Value:<td class=prod><a class=production data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/visudet.html#propdef-width title=width>&lt;‘width’&gt;</a><tr><th>Initial:<td>auto<tr><th>Applies to:<td>same as <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/visudet.html#propdef-width title=width>width</a> and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/visudet.html#propdef-height title=height>height</a><tr><th>Inherited:<td>no<tr><th>Percentages:<td>block-size/inline-size, respectively, of containing block<tr><th>Media:<td>visual<tr><th>Computed value:<td>same as <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/visudet.html#propdef-width title=width>width</a> and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/visudet.html#propdef-height title=height>height</a><tr><th>Animatable:<td>no</table>

<p>These properties correspond to the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/visudet.html#propdef-width title=width>width</a> and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/visudet.html#propdef-height title=height>height</a> properties.
  The mapping depends on the element’s <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-writing-mode title=writing-mode>writing-mode</a>.</p>

<table class="definition propdef"><tr><th>Name:<td><dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-min-block-size>min-block-size<a class=self-link href=#propdef-min-block-size></a></dfn>, <dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-min-inline-size>min-inline-size<a class=self-link href=#propdef-min-inline-size></a></dfn><tr><th>Value:<td class=prod><a class=production data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/visudet.html#propdef-min-width title=min-width>&lt;‘min-width’&gt;</a><tr><th>Initial:<td>0<tr><th>Applies to:<td>same as <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/visudet.html#propdef-width title=width>width</a> and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/visudet.html#propdef-height title=height>height</a><tr><th>Inherited:<td>no<tr><th>Percentages:<td>block-size/inline-size, respectively, of containing block<tr><th>Media:<td>visual<tr><th>Computed value:<td>same as <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/visudet.html#propdef-min-width title=min-width>min-width</a> and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/visudet.html#propdef-min-height title=min-height>min-height</a><tr><th>Animatable:<td>no</table>

<p>These properties correspond to the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/visudet.html#propdef-min-width title=min-width>min-width</a> and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/visudet.html#propdef-min-height title=min-height>min-height</a> properties.
  The mapping depends on the element’s <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-writing-mode title=writing-mode>writing-mode</a>.</p>

<table class="definition propdef"><tr><th>Name:<td><dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-max-block-size>max-block-size<a class=self-link href=#propdef-max-block-size></a></dfn>, <dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-max-inline-size>max-inline-size<a class=self-link href=#propdef-max-inline-size></a></dfn><tr><th>Value:<td class=prod><a class=production data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/visudet.html#propdef-max-width title=max-width>&lt;‘max-width’&gt;</a><tr><th>Initial:<td>none<tr><th>Applies to:<td>same as <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/visudet.html#propdef-width title=width>width</a> and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/visudet.html#propdef-height title=height>height</a><tr><th>Inherited:<td>no<tr><th>Percentages:<td>block-size/inline-size, respectively, of containing block<tr><th>Media:<td>visual<tr><th>Computed value:<td>same as <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/visudet.html#propdef-max-width title=max-width>max-width</a> and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/visudet.html#propdef-max-height title=max-height>max-height</a><tr><th>Animatable:<td>no</table>

<p>These properties correspond to the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/visudet.html#propdef-max-width title=max-width>max-width</a> and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/visudet.html#propdef-max-height title=max-height>max-height</a> properties.
  The mapping depends on the element’s <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-writing-mode title=writing-mode>writing-mode</a>.</p>

<h3 class="heading settled" data-level=2.2 id=logical-prop><span class=secno>2.2. </span><span class=content>
Logical Margins and Offsets:
the margin- and offset- block-start/block-end/inline-start/inline-end properties</span><a class=self-link href=#logical-prop></a></h3>

<table class="definition propdef"><tr><th>Name:<td><dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-margin-block-start>margin-block-start<a class=self-link href=#propdef-margin-block-start></a></dfn>, <dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-margin-block-end>margin-block-end<a class=self-link href=#propdef-margin-block-end></a></dfn>, <dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-margin-inline-start>margin-inline-start<a class=self-link href=#propdef-margin-inline-start></a></dfn>, <dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-margin-inline-end>margin-inline-end<a class=self-link href=#propdef-margin-inline-end></a></dfn><tr><th>Value:<td class=prod><a class=production data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/box.html#propdef-margin-left title=margin-left>&lt;‘margin-left’&gt;</a><tr><th>Initial:<td>0<tr><th>Applies to:<td>same as <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/box.html#propdef-margin title=margin>margin</a><tr><th>Inherited:<td>no<tr><th>Percentages:<td>depends on layout model<tr><th>Media:<td>visual<tr><th>Computed value:<td>the percentage as specified or the absolute length or auto (see text)<tr><th>Animatable:<td>no</table&
8096
gt;

<p>These properties correspond to the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/box.html#propdef-margin-top title=margin-top>margin-top</a>, <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/box.html#propdef-margin-bottom title=margin-bottom>margin-bottom</a>,
  <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/box.html#propdef-margin-left title=margin-left>margin-left</a>, and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/box.html#propdef-margin-right title=margin-right>margin-right</a> properties.
  The mapping depends on the <em>parent element’s</em> <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-writing-mode title=writing-mode>writing-mode</a>,
  <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-direction title=direction>direction</a>, and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-text-orientation title=text-orientation>text-orientation</a>.</p>

<table class="definition propdef"><tr><th>Name:<td><dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-offset-block-start>offset-block-start<a class=self-link href=#propdef-offset-block-start></a></dfn>, <dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-offset-block-end>offset-block-end<a class=self-link href=#propdef-offset-block-end></a></dfn>, <dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-offset-inline-start>offset-inline-start<a class=self-link href=#propdef-offset-inline-start></a></dfn>, <dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-offset-inline-end>offset-inline-end<a class=self-link href=#propdef-offset-inline-end></a></dfn><tr><th>Value:<td class=prod><a class=production data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-position-3/#propdef-left title=left>&lt;‘left’&gt;</a><tr><th>Initial:<td>auto<tr><th>Applies to:<td>positioned elements<tr><th>Inherited:<td>no<tr><th>Percentages:<td>logical-width, resp. logical-height of containing block<tr><th>Media:<td>visual<tr><th>Computed value:<td>same as box offsets: <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-position-3/#propdef-top title=top>top</a>, <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-position-3/#propdef-right title=right>right</a>, <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-position-3/#propdef-bottom title=bottom>bottom</a>, <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-position-3/#propdef-left title=left>left</a> properties except that directions are logical<tr><th>Animatable:<td>no</table>

<p>These properties correspond to the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-position-3/#propdef-top title=top>top</a>, <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-position-3/#propdef-bottom title=bottom>bottom</a>, <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-position-3/#propdef-left title=left>left</a>, and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-position-3/#propdef-right title=right>right</a>
  properties. The mapping depends on the <em>parent element’s</em>
  <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-writing-mode title=writing-mode>writing-mode</a>, <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-direction title=direction>direction</a>, and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-text-orientation title=text-orientation>text-orientation</a>.</p>

<h3 class="heading settled" data-level=2.3 id=border-padding><span class=secno>2.3. </span><span class=content>
  Logical Padding and Border: the padding- and border-<var>*</var>-
  block-start/block-end/inline-start/inline-end properties</span><a class=self-link href=#border-padding></a></h3>

<table class="definition propdef"><tr><th>Name:<td><dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-padding-block-start>padding-block-start<a class=self-link href=#propdef-padding-block-start></a></dfn>, <dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-padding-block-end>padding-block-end<a class=self-link href=#propdef-padding-block-end></a></dfn>, <dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-padding-inline-start>padding-inline-start<a class=self-link href=#propdef-padding-inline-start></a></dfn>, <dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-padding-inline-end>padding-inline-end<a class=self-link href=#propdef-padding-inline-end></a></dfn><tr><th>Value:<td class=prod><a class=production data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/box.html#propdef-padding-left title=padding-left>&lt;‘padding-left’&gt;</a><tr><th>Initial:<td>0<tr><th>Applies to:<td>all elements<tr><th>Inherited:<td>no<tr><th>Percentages:<td>logical-width of containing block<tr><th>Media:<td>visual<tr><th>Computed value:<td>length (see text)<tr><th>Animatable:<td>no</table>

<p>These properties correspond to the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/box.html#propdef-padding-top title=padding-top>padding-top</a>, <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/box.html#propdef-padding-bottom title=padding-bottom>padding-bottom</a>,
  <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/box.html#propdef-padding-left title=padding-left>padding-left</a>, and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/box.html#propdef-padding-right title=padding-right>padding-right</a> properties. The mapping depends on the
  element’s <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-writing-mode title=writing-mode>writing-mode</a>, <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-direction title=direction>direction</a>, and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-text-orientation title=text-orientation>text-orientation</a>.</p>

<table class="definition propdef"><tr><th>Name:<td><dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-border-block-start-width>border-block-start-width<a class=self-link href=#propdef-border-block-start-width></a></dfn>, <dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-border-block-end-width>border-block-end-width<a class=self-link href=#propdef-border-block-end-width></a></dfn>, <dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-border-inline-start-width>border-inline-start-width<a class=self-link href=#propdef-border-inline-start-width></a></dfn>, <dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-border-inline-end-width>border-inline-end-width<a class=self-link href=#propdef-border-inline-end-width></a></dfn><tr><th>Value:<td class=prod>border-width<tr><th>Initial:<td>medium<tr><th>Applies to:<td>all elements<tr><th>Inherited:<td>no<tr><th>Percentages:<td>logical-width of containing block<tr><th>Media:<td>visual<tr><th>Computed value:<td>absolute length; 0 if the border style is none or hidden (see text)<tr><th>Animatable:<td>no</table>

<p>These properties correspond to the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#border-top-width title=border-top-width>border-top-width</a>, <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#border-bottom-width title=border-bottom-width>border-bottom-width</a>,
  <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#border-left-width title=border-left-width>border-left-width</a>, and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#border-right-width title=border-right-width>border-right-width</a> properties. The mapping depends
  on the element’s <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-writing-mode title=writing-mode>writing-mode</a>, <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-direction title=direction>direction</a>, and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-text-orientation title=text-orientation>text-orientation</a>.</p>

<table class="definition propdef"><tr><th>Name:<td><dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-border-block-start-style>border-block-start-style<a class=self-link href=#propdef-border-block-start-style></a></dfn>, <dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-border-block-end-style>border-block-end-style<a class=self-link href=#propdef-border-block-end-style></a></dfn>, <dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-border-inline-start-style>border-inline-start-style<a class=self-link href=#propdef-border-inline-start-style></a></dfn>, <dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-border-inline-end-style>border-inline-end-style<a class=self-link href=#propdef-border-inline-end-style></a></dfn><tr><th>Value:<td class=prod>border-style<tr><th>Initial:<td>none<tr><th>Applies to:<td>all elements<tr><th>Inherited:<td>no<tr><th>Percentages:<td>n/a<tr><th>Media:<td>visual<tr><th>Computed value:<td>specified value (see text)<tr><th>Animatable:<td>no</table>

<p>These properties correspond to the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#border-top-style title=border-top-style>border-top-style</a>, <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#border-bottom-style title=border-bottom-style>border-bottom-style</a>,
  <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#border-left-style title=border-left-style>border-left-style</a>, and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#border-right-style title=border-right-style>border-right-style</a> properties. The mapping depends
  on the element’s <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-writing-mode title=writing-mode>writing-mode</a>, <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-direction title=direction>direction</a>, and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-text-orientation title=text-orientation>text-orientation</a>.</p>

<table class="definition propdef"><tr><th>Name:<td><dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-border-block-start-color>border-block-start-color<a class=self-link href=#propdef-border-block-start-color></a></dfn>, <dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-border-block-end-color>border-block-end-color<a class=self-link href=#propdef-border-block-end-color></a></dfn>, <dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-border-inline-start-color>border-inline-start-color<a class=self-link href=#propdef-border-inline-start-color></a></dfn>, <dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-border-inline-end-color>border-inline-end-color<a class=self-link href=#propdef-border-inline-end-color></a></dfn><tr><th>Value:<td class=prod>color<tr><th>Initial:<td>currentcolor<tr><th>Applies to:<td>all elements<tr><th>Inherited:<td>no<tr><th>Percentages:<td>n/a<tr><th>Media:<td>visual<tr><th>Computed value:<td>computed color (see text)<tr><th>Animatable:<td>no</table>

<p>These properties correspond to the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#border-top-color title=border-top-color>border-top-color</a>, <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#border-bottom-color title=border-bottom-color>border-bottom-color</a>,
  <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#border-left-color title=border-left-color>border-left-color</a>, and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#border-right-color title=border-right-color>border-right-color</a> properties. The mapping depends
  on the element’s <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-writing-mode title=writing-mode>writing-mode</a>, <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-direction title=direction>direction</a>, and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-text-orientation title=text-orientation>text-orientation</a>.</p>

<table class="definition propdef"><tr><th>Name:<td><dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-border-block-start>border-block-start<a class=self-link href=#propdef-border-block-start></a></dfn>, <dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-border-block-end>border-block-end<a class=self-link href=#propdef-border-block-end></a></dfn>, <dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-border-inline-start>border-inline-start<a class=self-link href=#propdef-border-inline-start></a></dfn>, <dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-border-inline-end>border-inline-end<a class=self-link href=#propdef-border-inline-end></a></dfn><tr><th>Value:<td class=prod>border-width <a data-link-for="" data-link-type=grammar href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-any title=||>||</a> border-style <a data-link-for="" data-link-type=grammar href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-any title=||>||</a> color<tr><th>Initial:<td>(see individual properties)<tr><th>Applies to:<td>all elements<tr><th>Inherited:<td>no<tr><th>Percentages:<td>see individual properties<tr><th>Media:<td>visual<tr><th>Computed value:<td>see individual properties<tr><th>Animatable:<td>no</table>

<p>These properties correspond to the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#border-top title=border-top>border-top</a>, <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#border-bottom title=border-bottom>border-bottom</a>,
  <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#border-left title=border-left>border-left</a>, and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#border-right title=border-right>border-right</a> properties. The mapping depends on the
  element’s <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-writing-mode title=writing-mode>writing-mode</a>, <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-direction title=direction>direction</a>, and <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-text-orientation title=text-orientation>text-orientation</a>.</p>

<h3 class="heading settled" data-level=2.4 id=logical-shorthand-keyword><span class=secno>2.4. </span><span class=content>
Shorthand Properties with <a class=css data-link-type=maybe href=#valdef-background-image-transform-logical title=logical>logical</a> Keyword</span><a class=self-link href=#logical-shorthand-keyword></a></h3>

<p>The shorthand properties for margin, padding, and border set values
  for physical properties by default. But authors can specify the <a class=css data-link-type=maybe href=#valdef-background-image-transform-logical title=logical>logical</a>
  keyword at the beginning of the property value to indicate that the values
  map to the logical properties instead of the physical ones.</p>

  <p class=issue id=issue-daeb2fa3><a class=self-link href=#issue-daeb2fa3></a>
    other candidates of the keyword are: <span class=css>relative</span>, <span class=css>script</span>,
    <span class=css>writing-mode</span>, <span class=css>beas</span>, or the value itself (e.g., <span class=css>vertical-lr-ltr</span>)

<p>The following <a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-css21 title=CSS21>[CSS21]</a> shorthand properties accept the <a class=css data-link-type=maybe href=
1898
#valdef-background-image-transform-logical title=logical>logical</a> keyword:</p>
  <ul>
    <li><a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/box.html#propdef-margin title=margin>margin</a></li>
    <li><a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/box.html#propdef-padding title=padding>padding</a></li>
    <li><a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#border-color title=border-color>border-color</a></li>
    <li><a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#border-style title=border-style>border-style</a></li>
    <li><a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#border-width title=border-width>border-width</a></li>
  </ul>

<p>The syntax for these properties is effectively changed by replacing</p>
<pre>&lt;<var>value-type</var>&gt;{1,4}</pre>

<p>with</p>
<pre>logical? &lt;<var>value-type</var>&gt;{1,4}</pre>

<p>When the logical keyword is present in the value, the values that follow are
  assigned to the logical properties as follows:</p>
  <ul>
    <li>If only one value is set, the value applies to all four logical sides.</li>
    <li>If two values are set, the first is for block-start and block-end,
      the second is for inline-start and inline-end.</li>
    <li>If three values are set, the first is for block-start,
      the second is for inline-start and inline-end,
      and the third is for block-end.</li>
    <li>If four values are set, they apply to the block-start, inline-end, block-end, and inline-start
      sides in that order.</li>
  </ul>

  <p class=issue id=issue-5ae45c09><a class=self-link href=#issue-5ae45c09></a>
    Should the shorthand also reset the physical properties to their initial
    values?

  <div class=example>
    In the following example, the two rules are equivalent:
    <pre><code>
blockquote {
  margin: logical 1em 2em 3em 4em;
}
blockquote {
  margin-block-start:  1em;
  margin-inline-end:   2em;
  margin-block-end:    3em;
  margin-inline-start: 4em;
}
</code></pre>
  </div>

<h2 class="heading settled" data-level=3 id=background-and-borders><span class=secno>3. </span><span class=content>
	Logical Background and Border Images</span><a class=self-link href=#background-and-borders></a></h2>

<p><a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-css3bg title=CSS3BG>[CSS3BG]</a> is handled separately because it can fill an area with specified
  images, and the area to fill can be rotated or flipped depending on the text
  flow.</p>

<h3 class="heading settled" data-level=3.1 id=background-image-transform-prop><span class=secno>3.1. </span><span class=content>
	Background Image Transform: The <span class=css>background-image-transform</span> property</span><a class=self-link href=#background-image-transform-prop></a></h3>

<table class="definition propdef"><tr><th>Name:<td><dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-background-image-transform>background-image-transform<a class=self-link href=#propdef-background-image-transform></a></dfn><tr><th>Value:<td class=prod>logical <a data-link-for="" data-link-type=grammar href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one title=|>|</a> physical <a data-link-for="" data-link-type=grammar href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one title=|>|</a> rotate<tr><th>Initial:<td>physical<tr><th>Applies to:<td>all elements<tr><th>Inherited:<td>yes<tr><th>Percentages:<td>n/a<tr><th>Media:<td>visual<tr><th>Computed value:<td>as specified<tr><th>Animatable:<td>no</table>

  <p class=issue id=issue-f35b1639><a class=self-link href=#issue-f35b1639></a>
    is this the right default? we need to investigate which is more common

<p>This property defines whether background images are transformed to match to
  the value of <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-writing-mode title=writing-mode>writing-mode</a> property, and whether <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#background-size title=background-size>background-size</a> widths and
  heights are logical or physical. Values have the following meanings:</p>
  <dl data-dfn-for=background-image-transform data-dfn-type=value>
    <dt><dfn class=css data-dfn-for=background-image-transform data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valdef-background-image-transform-logical>logical<a class=self-link href=#valdef-background-image-transform-logical></a></dfn></dt>
    <dd>
      The values for the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#background-size title=background-size>background-size</a> property are logical.
      The background images are transformed to match to the logical axis.

    <dt><dfn class=css data-dfn-for=background-image-transform data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valdef-background-image-transform-physical>physical<a class=self-link href=#valdef-background-image-transform-physical></a></dfn></dt>
    <dd>
      The values for the <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#background-size title=background-size>background-size</a> property are physical.
      The background images remain unchanged.

    <dt><dfn class=css data-dfn-for=background-image-transform data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valdef-background-image-transform-rotate>rotate<a class=self-link href=#valdef-background-image-transform-rotate></a></dfn></dt>
    <dd>
      Similar to <a class=css data-link-type=maybe href=#valdef-background-image-transform-logical title=logical>logical</a>, except that the inline direction is ignored.
      The result is affected only by the block flow direction.
  </dl>

<h3 class="heading settled" data-level=3.2 id=background-repeat-prop><span class=secno>3.2. </span><span class=content>
	The <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#background-repeat title=background-repeat>background-repeat</a> property</span><a class=self-link href=#background-repeat-prop></a></h3>

<p>The <span class=css>repeat-x</span> and <span class=css>repeat-y</span> values are logical, but in CSS3 this
  property can also accept double values to specify horizontal and vertical
  behaviors separately. The double values are considered logical if the
  <a class=css data-link-type=maybe href=#valdef-background-image-transform-logical title=logical>logical</a> keyword is specified, otherwise physical.</p>

  <p class=issue id=issue-f62e345a><a class=self-link href=#issue-f62e345a></a>
    should also add repeat-horizontal and repeat-vertical for the physical value?

<h3 class="heading settled" data-level=3.3 id=border-image-transform-prop><span class=secno>3.3. </span><span class=content>
	Border Image Transform: The <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=#propdef-border-image-transform title=border-image-transform>border-image-transform</a> property</span><a class=self-link href=#border-image-transform-prop></a></h3>

<table class="definition propdef"><tr><th>Name:<td><dfn class=css data-dfn-type=property data-export="" id=propdef-border-image-transform>border-image-transform<a class=self-link href=#propdef-border-image-transform></a></dfn><tr><th>Value:<td class=prod>logical <a data-link-for="" data-link-type=grammar href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one title=|>|</a> physical <a data-link-for="" data-link-type=grammar href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values-3/#comb-one title=|>|</a> rotate<tr><th>Initial:<td>rotate<tr><th>Applies to:<td>All elements, except internal table elements when <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css2/tables.html#propdef-border-collapse title=border-collapse>border-collapse</a> is <span class=css>collapse</span><tr><th>Inherited:<td>yes<tr><th>Percentages:<td>n/a<tr><th>Media:<td>visual<tr><th>Computed value:<td>as specified<tr><th>Animatable:<td>no</table>

  <p class=issue id=issue-663636f0><a class=self-link href=#issue-663636f0></a>
    is this the right initial default?

<p>This property defines whether border images are transformed to match to the
  value of <a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-writing-mode title=writing-mode>writing-mode</a> property, with the reference writing mode being
  <a class=css data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes-3/#propdef-writing-mode title=writing-mode>writing-mode: horizontal-tb; direction: ltr</a>. Values have the following
  meanings:</p>
  <dl data-dfn-for=border-image-transform data-dfn-type=value>
    <dt><dfn class=css data-dfn-for=border-image-transform data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valdef-border-image-transform-logical>logical<a class=self-link href=#valdef-border-image-transform-logical></a></dfn></dt>
    <dd>
      The values for the border-image-* properties are logical.
      The border images are transformed to match to the logical axis.

    <dt><dfn class=css data-dfn-for=border-image-transform data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valdef-border-image-transform-physical>physical<a class=self-link href=#valdef-border-image-transform-physical></a></dfn></dt>
    <dd>
      The values for the border-image-* properties are physical.
      The border images remain unchanged.

    <dt><dfn class=css data-dfn-for=border-image-transform data-dfn-type=value data-export="" id=valdef-border-image-transform-rotate>rotate<a class=self-link href=#valdef-border-image-transform-rotate></a></dfn></dt>
    <dd>
      Similar to <a class=css data-link-type=maybe href=#valdef-background-image-transform-logical title=logical>logical</a>, except that the inline direction is ignored.
      The result is affected only by the block flow direction.
  </dl>

<p>The following properties use the value of this property to determine how
  directional mappings are done:</p>
  <ul>
    <li><a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#border-image-slice title=border-image-slice>border-image-slice</a></li>
    <li><a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#border-image-width title=border-image-width>border-image-width</a></li>
    <li><a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#border-image-outset title=border-image-outset>border-image-outset</a></li>
    <li><a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#border-image-repeat title=border-image-repeat>border-image-repeat</a></li>
    <li><a class=property data-link-type=propdesc href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-backgrounds-3/#border-image title=border-image>border-image</a></li>
  </ul>

<h2 class="no-ref no-num heading settled" id=conformance><span class=content>
Conformance</span><a class=self-link href=#conformance></a></h2>

<h3 class="no-ref heading settled" id=conventions><span class=content>
Document conventions</span><a class=self-link href=#conventions></a></h3>

    <p>Conformance requirements are expressed with a combination of
    descriptive assertions and RFC 2119 terminology. The key words "MUST",
    "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT",
    "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in the normative parts of this
    document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.
    However, for readability, these words do not appear in all uppercase
    letters in this specification.

    <p>All of the text of this specification is normative except sections
    explicitly marked as non-normative, examples, and notes. <a data-biblio-type=normative data-link-type=biblio href=#biblio-rfc2119 title=RFC2119>[RFC2119]</a></p>

    <p>Examples in this specification are introduced with the words "for example"
    or are set apart from the normative text with <code>class="example"</code>,
    like this:

    <div class=example>
        <p>This is an example of an informative example.</p>
    </div>

    <p>Informative notes begin with the word "Note" and are set apart from the
    normative text with <code>class="note"</code>, like this:

    <p class=note>Note, this is an informative note.</p>

    <p>Advisements are normative sections styled to evoke special attention and are
    set apart from other normative text with <code>&lt;strong class="advisement"&gt;</code>, like
    this:

    <strong class=advisement>
        UAs MUST provide an accessible alternative.
    </strong>

<h3 class="no-ref heading settled" id=conformance-classes><span class=content>
Conformance classes</span><a class=self-link href=#conformance-classes></a></h3>

    <p>Conformance to this specification
    is defined for three conformance classes:
    <dl>
        <dt>style sheet
            <dd>A <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/conform.html#style-sheet>CSS
            style sheet</a>.
        <dt>renderer
            <dd>A <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/conform.html#user-agent>UA</a>
            that interprets the semantics of a style sheet and renders
            documents that use them.
        <dt>authoring tool
            <dd>A <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/conform.html#user-agent>UA</a>
            that writes a style sheet.
    </dl>

    <p>A style sheet is conformant to this specification
    if all of its statements that use syntax defined in this module are valid
    according to the generic CSS grammar and the individual grammars of each
    feature defined in this module.

    <p>A renderer is conformant to this specification
    if, in addition to interpreting the style sheet as defined by the
    appropriate specifications, it supports all the features defined
    by this specification by parsing them correctly
    and rendering the document accordingly. However, the inability of a
    UA to correctly render a document due to limitations of the device
    does not make the UA non-conformant. (For example, a UA is not
    required to render color on a monochrome monitor.)

    <p>An authoring tool is conformant to this specification
    if it writes style sheets that are syntactically correct according to the
    generic CSS grammar and the individual grammars of each feature in
    this module, and meet all other conformance requirements of style sheets
    as described in this module.

<h3 class="no-ref heading settled" id=partial><span class=content>
Partial implementations</span><a class=self-link href=#partial></a></h3>

    <p>So that authors can exploit the forward-compatible parsing rules to
    assign fallback values, CSS renderers <strong>must</strong>
    treat as invalid (and <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/conform.html#ignore>ignore
    as appropriate</a>) any at-rules, properties, property values, keywords,
    and other syntactic constructs for which they have no usable level of
    support. In particular, user agents <strong>must not</strong> selectively
    ignore unsupported component values and honor supported values in a single
    multi-value property declaration: if any value is considered invalid
    (as unsupported values must be), CSS requires that the entire declaration
    be ignored.</p>

<h3 class="no-ref heading settled" id=experimental><span class=content>
Experimental implementations</span><a class=self-link href=#experimental></a></h3>

    <p>To avoid clashes with future CSS features, the CSS2.1 specification
    reserves a <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#vendor-keywords>prefixed
    syntax</a> for proprietary and experimental extensions to CSS.

    <p>Prior to a specification reaching the Candidate Recommendation stage
    in the W3C process, all implementations of a CSS feature are considered
    experimental. The CSS Working Group recommends that implementations
    use a vendor-prefixed syntax for such features, including those in
    W3C Working Drafts. This avoids incompatibilities with future changes
    in the draft.
    </p>

<h3 class="no-ref heading settled" id=testing><span class=content>
Non-experimental implementations</span><a class=self-link href=#testing></a></h3>

    <p>Once a specification reaches the Candidate Recommendation stage,
    non-experimental implementations are possible, and implementors should
    release an unprefixed implementation of any CR-level feature they
    can demonstrate to be correctly implemented according to spec.

    <p>To establish and maintain the interoperability of CSS across
    implementations, the CSS Working Group requests that non-experimental
    CSS renderers submit an implementation report (and, if necessary, the
    testcases used for that implementation report) to the W3C before
    releasing an unprefixed implementation of any CSS features. Testcases
    submitted to W3C are subject to review and correction by the CSS
    Working Group.

    <p>Further information on submitting testcases and implementation reports
    can be found from on the CSS Working Group’s website at
    <a href=http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Test/>http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Test/</a>.
    Questions should be directed to the
    <a href=http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-css-testsuite>public-css-testsuite@w3.org</a>
    mailing list.


    float needs coordination with GCPM where it defines page floats

<a href=#issue-13eba19d> ↵ </a></div><div class=issue>
    other candidates of the keyword are: <span class=css>relative</span>, <span class=css>script</span>,
    <span class=css>writing-mode</span>, <span class=css>beas</span>, or the value itself (e.g., <span class=css>vertical-lr-ltr</span>)

<a href=#issue-daeb2fa3> ↵ </a></div><div class=issue>
    Should the shorthand also reset the physical properties to their initial
    values?

  <a href=#issue-5ae45c09> ↵ </a></div><div class=issue>
    is this the right default? we need to investigate which is more common

<a href=#issue-f35b1639> ↵ </a></div><div class=issue>
    should also add repeat-horizontal and repeat-vertical for the physical value?

<a href=#issue-f62e345a> ↵ </a></div><div class=issue>
    is this the right initial default?

<a href=#issue-663636f0> ↵ </a></div></div>