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<p>Commas specified in the grammar are <strong>implicitly omittable</strong> in some circumstances,
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<p><dfndata-dfn-type=grammardata-export="" id=comb-commatitle=,>Commas<aclass=self-linkhref=#comb-comma></a></dfn> specified in the grammar are <strong>implicitly omittable</strong> in some circumstances,
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when used to separate optional terms in the grammar.
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Within a top-level list in a property or other CSS value,
<p>Component values can be arranged into property values as follows:</p>
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<uldata-export="">
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<uldata-dfn-type=grammardata-export="">
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<li>Juxtaposing components means that
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all of them must occur, in the given order.
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<li>A double ampersand (<dfndata-dfn-type=dfndata-export="" id=comb-all>&&<aclass=self-linkhref=#comb-all></a></dfn>) separates two or more components,
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<li>A double ampersand (<dfndata-dfn-type=grammardata-export="" id=comb-all>&&<aclass=self-linkhref=#comb-all></a></dfn>) separates two or more components,
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all of which must occur, in any order.
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<li>A double bar (<dfndata-dfn-type=dfndata-export="" id=comb-any>||<aclass=self-linkhref=#comb-any></a></dfn>) separates two or more options:
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<li>A double bar (<dfndata-dfn-type=grammardata-export="" id=comb-any>||<aclass=self-linkhref=#comb-any></a></dfn>) separates two or more options:
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one or more of them must occur, in any order.
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<li>A bar (<dfndata-dfn-type=dfndata-export="" id=comb-one>|<aclass=self-linkhref=#comb-one></a></dfn>) separates two or more alternatives:
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<li>A bar (<dfndata-dfn-type=grammardata-export="" id=comb-one>|<aclass=self-linkhref=#comb-one></a></dfn>) separates two or more alternatives:
<p>Every type, keyword, or bracketed group may be followed by one of
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the following modifiers:</p>
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<uldata-export="">
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<li>An asterisk (<dfndata-dfn-type=dfndata-export="" id=mult-zero-plus>*<aclass=self-linkhref=#mult-zero-plus></a></dfn>) indicates that the preceding type, word, or
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<uldata-dfn-type=grammardata-export="">
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<li>An asterisk (<dfndata-dfn-type=grammardata-export="" id=mult-zero-plus>*<aclass=self-linkhref=#mult-zero-plus></a></dfn>) indicates that the preceding type, word, or
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group occurs zero or more times.
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<li>A plus (<dfndata-dfn-type=dfndata-export="" id=mult-one-plus>+<aclass=self-linkhref=#mult-one-plus></a></dfn>) indicates that the preceding type, word, or group
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<li>A plus (<dfndata-dfn-type=grammardata-export="" id=mult-one-plus>+<aclass=self-linkhref=#mult-one-plus></a></dfn>) indicates that the preceding type, word, or group
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occurs one or more times.
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<li>A question mark (<dfndata-dfn-type=dfndata-export="" id=mult-opt>?<aclass=self-linkhref=#mult-opt></a></dfn>) indicates that the preceding type, word, or
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<li>A question mark (<dfndata-dfn-type=grammardata-export="" id=mult-opt>?<aclass=self-linkhref=#mult-opt></a></dfn>) indicates that the preceding type, word, or
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group is optional (occurs zero or one times).
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<li>A single number in curly braces (<dfndata-dfn-type=dfndata-export="" id=mult-num>{<var>A</var>}<aclass=self-linkhref=#mult-num></a></dfn>)
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<li>A single number in curly braces (<dfndata-dfn-type=grammardata-export="" id=mult-num>{<var>A</var>}<aclass=self-linkhref=#mult-num></a></dfn>)
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indicates that the preceding type, word, or group occurs <var>A</var> times.
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<li>A comma-separated pair of numbers in curly braces (<dfndata-dfn-type=dfndata-export="" id=mult-num-range>{<var>A</var>,<var>B</var>}<aclass=self-linkhref=#mult-num-range></a></dfn>)
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<li>A comma-separated pair of numbers in curly braces (<dfndata-dfn-type=grammardata-export="" id=mult-num-range>{<var>A</var>,<var>B</var>}<aclass=self-linkhref=#mult-num-range></a></dfn>)
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indicates that the preceding type, word, or group occurs at least
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<var>A</var> and at most <var>B</var> times.
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The <var>B</var> may be omitted ({<var>A</var>,})
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to indicate that there must be at least <var>A</var> repetitions,
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with no upper bound on the number of repetitions.
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<li>A hash mark (<dfndata-dfn-type=dfndata-export="" id=mult-comma>#<aclass=self-linkhref=#mult-comma></a></dfn>) indicates that the preceding type, word, or
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<li>A hash mark (<dfndata-dfn-type=grammardata-export="" id=mult-comma>#<aclass=self-linkhref=#mult-comma></a></dfn>) indicates that the preceding type, word, or
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group occurs one or more times, separated by comma tokens
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(which may optionally be surrounded by white space and/or comments).
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It may optionally be followed by the curly brace forms, above,
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to indicate precisely how many times the repetition occurs,
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like <spanclass=cssdata-link-type=maybetitle="<length>#{1,4}"><length>#{1,4}</span>.
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<li>An exclamation point (<dfndata-dfn-type=dfndata-export="" id=mult-req>!<aclass=self-linkhref=#mult-req></a></dfn>) after a group indicates that the group is required
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<li>An exclamation point (<dfndata-dfn-type=grammardata-export="" id=mult-req>!<aclass=self-linkhref=#mult-req></a></dfn>) after a group indicates that the group is required
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and must produce at least one value;
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even if the grammar of the items within the group would otherwise allow the entire contents to be omitted,
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at least one component value must not be omitted.
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</ul>
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<p>For repeated component values (indicated by <aclass=cssdata-link-type=maybehref=#mult-zero-plustitle=*>*</a>, <aclass=cssdata-link-type=maybehref=#mult-one-plustitle=+>+</a>, or <aclass=cssdata-link-type=maybehref=#mult-commatitle=#>#</a>),
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<p>For repeated component values (indicated by <spanclass=cssdata-link-type=maybetitle=*>*</span>, <spanclass=cssdata-link-type=maybetitle=+>+</span>, or <spanclass=cssdata-link-type=maybetitle=#>#</span>),
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UAs must support at least 20 repetitions of the component.
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If a property value contains more than the supported number of repetitions,
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the declaration must be ignored as if it were invalid.</p>
An <dfndata-dfn-type=dfndata-noexport="" id=integer>integer<aclass=self-linkhref=#integer></a></dfn> is one or more decimal digits <spanclass=cssdata-link-type=maybetitle=0>0</span> through <spanclass=cssdata-link-type=maybetitle=9>9</span>
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and corresponds to a subset of the <aclass="production css-code" data-link-type=typehref=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-syntax-3/#typedef-number-tokentitle="<number-token>"><number-token></a> production
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in the <ahref=http://www.w3.org/TR/css-syntax/>CSS Syntax Module</a><adata-biblio-type=normativedata-link-type=bibliohref=#biblio-css3syntitle=biblio-css3syn>[CSS3SYN]</a>.
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The first digit of an integer may be immediately preceded by <spanclass=cssdata-link-type=maybetitle=->-</span> or <aclass=cssdata-link-type=maybehref=#mult-one-plustitle=+>+</a>
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The first digit of an integer may be immediately preceded by <spanclass=cssdata-link-type=maybetitle=->-</span> or <spanclass=cssdata-link-type=maybetitle=+>+</span>
or zero or more decimal digits followed by a dot (.) followed by one or more decimal digits.
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It corresponds to the <aclass="production css-code" data-link-type=typehref=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-syntax-3/#typedef-number-tokentitle="<number-token>"><number-token></a> production
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in the <ahref=http://www.w3.org/TR/css-syntax/>CSS Syntax Module</a><adata-biblio-type=normativedata-link-type=bibliohref=#biblio-css3syntitle=biblio-css3syn>[CSS3SYN]</a>.
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As with integers, the first character of a number may be immediately preceded by <spanclass=cssdata-link-type=maybetitle=->-</span> or <aclass=cssdata-link-type=maybehref=#mult-one-plustitle=+>+</a>
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As with integers, the first character of a number may be immediately preceded by <spanclass=cssdata-link-type=maybetitle=->-</span> or <spanclass=cssdata-link-type=maybetitle=+>+</span>
<p>The <dfnclass=css-codedata-dfn-type=functiondata-export="" id=funcdef-calc>calc()<aclass=self-linkhref=#funcdef-calc></a></dfn> function allows mathematical expressions
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with addition (<aclass=cssdata-link-type=maybehref=#mult-one-plustitle=+>+</a>), subtraction (<spanclass=cssdata-link-type=maybetitle=->-</span>), multiplication (<aclass=cssdata-link-type=maybehref=#mult-zero-plustitle=*>*</a>), and division (<spanclass=cssdata-link-type=maybetitle=/>/</span>)
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with addition (<spanclass=cssdata-link-type=maybetitle=+>+</span>), subtraction (<spanclass=cssdata-link-type=maybetitle=->-</span>), multiplication (<spanclass=cssdata-link-type=maybetitle=*>*</span>), and division (<spanclass=cssdata-link-type=maybetitle=/>/</span>)
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to be used as component values.
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The <aclass=cssdata-link-type=maybehref=#funcdef-calctitle=calc()>calc()</a> expression represents the result of the mathematical calculation it contains,
<pdata-noexport="">Where a <dfnclass=css-codedata-dfn-type=typedata-noexport="" id=typedef-dimension><dimension><aclass=self-linkhref=#typedef-dimension></a></dfn> is a <adata-link-type=dfnhref=#dimensiontitle=dimension>dimension</a>.
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<p>In addition, whitespace is required on both sides of the <aclass=cssdata-link-type=maybehref=#mult-one-plustitle=+>+</a> and <spanclass=cssdata-link-type=maybetitle=->-</span> operators.
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(The <aclass=cssdata-link-type=maybehref=#mult-zero-plustitle=*>*</a> and <spanclass=cssdata-link-type=maybetitle=/>/</span> operaters can be used without whitespace around them.)</p>
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<p>In addition, whitespace is required on both sides of the <spanclass=cssdata-link-type=maybetitle=+>+</span> and <spanclass=cssdata-link-type=maybetitle=->-</span> operators.
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(The <spanclass=cssdata-link-type=maybetitle=*>*</span> and <spanclass=cssdata-link-type=maybetitle=/>/</span> operaters can be used without whitespace around them.)</p>
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<p>UAs must support <aclass=cssdata-link-type=maybehref=#funcdef-calctitle=calc()>calc()</a> expressions of at least 20 terms,
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where each <code>NUMBER</code>, <code>DIMENSION</code>, or <code>PERCENTAGE</code> is a term.
At <aclass=cssdata-link-type=maybehref=#mult-one-plustitle=+>+</a> or <spanclass=cssdata-link-type=maybetitle=->-</span>,
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At <spanclass=cssdata-link-type=maybetitle=+>+</span> or <spanclass=cssdata-link-type=maybetitle=->-</span>,
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check that both sides have the same type,
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or that one side is a <aclass="production css-code" data-link-type=typehref=#number-valuetitle="<number>"><number></a> and the other is an <aclass="production css-code" data-link-type=typehref=#integer-valuetitle="<integer>"><integer></a>.
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