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Former Editor: Håkon Wium Lie, Opera Software, howcome@opera.com, w3cid 9796
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Issue Tracking: Disposition of Comments https://drafts.csswg.org/css-multicol-1/issues
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Abstract: This specification describes multi-column layouts in CSS, a style sheet language for the web. Using functionality described in the specification, content can be flowed into multiple columns with a gap and a rule between them.
the second image shows a rendering of a [=multi-column container=] with column-rules.
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<figure>
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<img alt="a diagram showing the various parts of multi-column layout" src="images/initial-example.svg">
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<img alt="key to the conventions used to display invisible parts of diagram" src="images/invisible-elements.svg">
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<img alt="a diagram showing the various parts of multi-column layout" src="images/initial-example.svg" no-autosize>
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<img alt="key to the conventions used to display invisible parts of diagram" src="images/invisible-elements.svg" no-autosize>
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<figcaption>A multi-column layout with the non-visible column-span and padding inside the multicol container highlighted.</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<figure>
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<img alt="a diagram showing the various parts of multi-column layout" src="images/initial-example-b.svg">
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<img alt="a diagram showing the various parts of multi-column layout" src="images/initial-example-b.svg" no-autosize>
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<figcaption>The same layout as in the first image, as it would be displayed by an implementation.</figcaption>
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</figure>
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</div>
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ The Multi-Column Model</h2>
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Therefore the image will not overflow the column box:
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<figure>
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<img src="images/image-inside-column.svg" alt="an image contained inside a column box">
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<img src="images/image-inside-column.svg" alt="an image contained inside a column box" no-autosize>
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<figcaption>The image is constrained by the column box that it is displayed in.</figcaption>
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</figure>
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</div>
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ The Multi-Column Model</h2>
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Given that the column box creates a new [=block formatting context=], a top margin set on the first child element of a multicol container will not collapse with the margins of the multicol container.
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<figure>
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<img src="images/margins-do-not-collapse.svg" alt="The first paragraph has a 'margin-top' of ''1em'', which appears before the text.">
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<img src="images/margins-do-not-collapse.svg" alt="The first paragraph has a 'margin-top' of ''1em'', which appears before the text." no-autosize>
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<figcaption>The margin above the first paragraph has not collapsed, leaving a ''1em'' margin above the first line in the multicol container.</figcaption>
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</figure>
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</div>
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ The Multi-Column Model</h2>
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In the HTML, the image appears after the sentence ending, "the leg of a chicken".
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<figure>
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<img src="images/image-floated-in-column.svg" alt="an image floated and contained inside a column box">
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<img src="images/image-floated-in-column.svg" alt="an image floated and contained inside a column box" no-autosize>
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<figcaption>The image is floated inside the column box it appears in.</figcaption>
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</figure>
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</div>
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ The Multi-Column Model</h2>
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</pre>
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<figure>
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<img src="images/column-not-containing-block.svg" alt="The absolutely positioned image is positioned by reference to the [=multi-column container=] not the [=column box=].">
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<img src="images/column-not-containing-block.svg" alt="The absolutely positioned image is positioned by reference to the [=multi-column container=] not the [=column box=]." no-autosize>
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<figcaption>The figure demonstrates that the absolutely positioned image is positioned by reference to the multicol container and not the column box.</figcaption>
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</figure>
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</div>
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the block direction runs horizontally.
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In a vertical writing mode columns are laid out horizontally,
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and the direction of the flow of blocks may be right to left, or left to right.
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The [=column-width=] property therefore refers to the inline size of the column,
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The 'column-width' property therefore refers to the inline size of the column,
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and not the physical horizontal width.
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<div class="example">
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<figure>
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<img alt="The first image shows horizontal text with a LTR inline direction. The second shows vertical text with blocks flowing right to left. The third shows vertical text with blocks flowing left to right." src="images/writing-modes.svg">
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<img alt="The first image shows horizontal text with a LTR inline direction. The second shows vertical text with blocks flowing right to left. The third shows vertical text with blocks flowing left to right." src="images/writing-modes.svg" no-autosize>
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<figcaption>A diagram showing the different ways columns may be arranged due to writing mode.
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<br>From left to right: horizontal-tb, vertical-rl, vertical-lr.</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<div class="example">
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<figure>
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<img alt="a diagram showing a spanning element causing the shortened columns above the element with text continuing in new columns below" src="images/simple-span-example.svg">
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<img alt="a diagram showing a spanning element causing the shortened columns above the element with text continuing in new columns below" src="images/simple-span-example.svg" no-autosize>
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<figcaption>A demonstration of how the spanning element divides the multicol container.</figcaption>
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</figure>
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</div>
@@ -570,10 +570,10 @@ The Number and Width of Columns</h2>
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parsing/column-count-invalid.html
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parsing/column-count-valid.html
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parsing/column-count-computed.html
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multicol-table-cell-001.xht
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multicol-table-cell-height-001.xht
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multicol-table-cell-height-002.xht
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multicol-table-cell-vertical-align-001.xht
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table/multicol-table-cell-001.xht
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table/multicol-table-cell-height-001.xht
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table/multicol-table-cell-height-002.xht
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table/multicol-table-cell-vertical-align-001.xht
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</wpt>
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<div class="example">
@@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ Two assumptions are being made by the pseudo-algorithm:
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</div>
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</pre>
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<figure>
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<img src="images/column-count-higher-than-used-count.svg" alt="Two columns drawn inside the container, one outside">
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<img src="images/column-count-higher-than-used-count.svg" alt="Two columns drawn inside the container, one outside" no-autosize>
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<figcaption>The computed column-count is auto, the used column-count is 2 and the actual column-count is 3.</figcaption>
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</figure>
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</div>
@@ -934,7 +934,7 @@ Stacking Context</h3>
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</pre>
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<figure>
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<img src="images/rule-same-width-as-gap.svg" alt="The rule completely covers any gap.">
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<img src="images/rule-same-width-as-gap.svg" alt="The rule completely covers any gap." no-autosize>
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<figcaption>The column rule and column gap occupy the same space.</figcaption>
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</figure>
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@@ -1110,7 +1110,7 @@ Spanning Columns</h2>
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is shown above the <code>h2</code> element.
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<figure>
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<img src="images/h2-spanner.svg" alt="An element spans all three columns">
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<img src="images/h2-spanner.svg" alt="An element spans all three columns" no-autosize>
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<figcaption>The h2 element is set to column-span: all</figcaption>
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</figure>
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@@ -1190,7 +1190,7 @@ h2 {
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</pre>
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<figure>
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<img src="images/nested-spanner.svg" alt="An element spans all three columns, the red border around the section breaks before the spanner.">
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<img src="images/nested-spanner.svg" alt="An element spans all three columns, the red border around the section breaks before the spanner." no-autosize>
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<figcaption>The <code>h2</code> element is set to ''column-span: all'',
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the section has a red border and top padding and margin</figcaption>
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</figure>
@@ -1209,7 +1209,7 @@ h2 {
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As a result, the element appears as if ''column-span: none'' was specified.
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<figure>
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<img src="images/h2-in-the-overflow-no-span.svg" alt="The h2 element is in an overflow column" style="max-height: 107px;">
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<img src="images/h2-in-the-overflow-no-span.svg" alt="The h2 element is in an overflow column" style="max-height: 107px;" no-autosize>
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<figcaption>The h2 element is in an overflow column and appears as if column-span none is specified</figcaption>
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</figure>
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</div>
@@ -1220,7 +1220,7 @@ h2 {
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Still, there is not enough room to make the element spanning.
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<figure>
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<img src="images/h2-in-the-last-column-no-span.svg" alt="The h2 element is in the final column" style="max-height: 107px;">
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<img src="images/h2-in-the-last-column-no-span.svg" alt="The h2 element is in the final column" style="max-height: 107px;" no-autosize>
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<figcaption>The h2 element is in the final column and appears as if column-span none is specified</figcaption>
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</figure>
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</div>
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<figure>
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<img src="images/spanner-page-break1.svg" alt="Three columns with two lines of text each">
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<img src="images/spanner-page-break1.svg" alt="Three columns with two lines of text each" no-autosize>
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<figcaption>This would appear on the first page</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<figure>
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<img src="images/spanner-page-break2.svg" alt="A spanning element across the three columns, text above and below.">
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<img src="images/spanner-page-break2.svg" alt="A spanning element across the three columns, text above and below." no-autosize>
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<figcaption>This would appear on the second page</figcaption>
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</figure>
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</div>
@@ -1271,7 +1271,7 @@ h2 {
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</pre>
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<figure>
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<img src="images/two-spanners-margin-no-collapse.svg" alt="Two spanning elements after a page break">
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<img src="images/two-spanners-margin-no-collapse.svg" alt="Two spanning elements after a page break" no-autosize>
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<figcaption>Margins collapse between two spanning elements, but not the bottom margin of a spanner and top margin of next element.</figcaption>
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</figure>
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</div>
@@ -1357,7 +1357,7 @@ Filling Columns</h2>
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</pre>
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<figure>
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<img src="images/column-balancing-one-paragraph.svg" alt="Four columns, the first three have content.">
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<img src="images/column-balancing-one-paragraph.svg" alt="Four columns, the first three have content." no-autosize>
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<figcaption>Three lines displayed in three columns due to column balancing.</figcaption>
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</figure>
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@@ -1378,7 +1378,7 @@ Filling Columns</h2>
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As a result, the first column is filled with all content:
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<figure>
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<img src="images/no-column-balancing-one-paragraph.svg" alt="Four columns, the first one has content.">
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<img src="images/no-column-balancing-one-paragraph.svg" alt="Four columns, the first one has content." no-autosize>
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<figcaption>No balancing so the whole text is shown in one paragraph.</figcaption>
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</figure>
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</div>
@@ -1408,7 +1408,7 @@ Filling Columns</h2>
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while the last column ends up being significantly shorter.
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<figure>
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<img src="images/column-balancing-with-column-break.svg" alt="Four columns, all have content.">
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<img src="images/column-balancing-with-column-break.svg" alt="Four columns, all have content." no-autosize>
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<figcaption>Once column height is established, columns are filled sequentially.</figcaption>
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</figure>
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</div>
@@ -1427,7 +1427,7 @@ Filling Columns</h2>
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Subsequent content is filled sequentially into the remaining columns:
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<figure>
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<img src="images/column-balancing-with-figure.svg" alt="Column one contains an image, two and three have content.">
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<img src="images/column-balancing-with-figure.svg" alt="Column one contains an image, two and three have content." no-autosize>
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<figcaption>Column height is established by the figure.</figcaption>
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