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css-line-grid/Overview.html

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<h1>CSS Line Grid Module</h1>
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<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=longstatus-date>Editor's Draft 30 April 2011</h2>
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<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=longstatus-date>Editor's Draft 6 May 2011</h2>
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<dl>
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<dt>This version:
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<dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/ED-unknown-shortname-20110430">
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http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/ED-unknown-shortname-20110430</a> <!--
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<dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/ED-unknown-shortname-20110506">
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http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/ED-unknown-shortname-20110506</a> <!--
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<dt>Latest version:
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<dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css-line-grid">
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http://www.w3.org/TR/css-line-grid</a>
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<p>This specification provides features to align lines and blocks to
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invisible grids in the document.
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<p>Aligning lines and blocks to grids gives the following benefits:
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<p>Aligning lines and blocks to grids provides the following benefits:
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<ul>
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<li>Keep vertical rhythm for better readability.
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<li>Vertical rhythm is kept for better readability.
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<li>Align lines between columns in multi-column documents.
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<li>Lines are aligned between columns in multi-column documents.
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<li>Make the top and the bottom margins of pictures equal, while keeping
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the vertical rhythm of text before and after the pictures.</li>
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<li>The top and the bottom margins of pictures are made equal, while
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keeping the vertical rhythm of text before and after the pictures.</li>
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<!--
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<li>Aligning to grids can sometimes be turned off for objects like tables,
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but then turned back on for the following text
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to the same grids as the one for the text before the objects.</li>
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-->
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<li>Layout lines at the same position in every page in paged media.
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<li>Layout lines are at the same position on every page in paged media.
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Keeping the position of the bottom line of a page has benefits for design
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and readability. This also improves the readability on duplex printing,
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two pages spreads, and when displaying on slow display devices like
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e-ink.
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and readability. This also improves the readability of duplex printing,
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two pages spreads, and displaying on slow display devices like e-ink.
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<li>East Asian layouts require vertical rhythm more often than other
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scripts does, even in single column, non-paged media documents, as
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defined in <a href="#JLREQ" rel=biblioentry>[JLREQ]<!--{{JLREQ}}--></a>.
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<li>It is often desirable in East Asian layouts to make the line width to
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be multiple of <em>em</em> without fractions. Since most East Asian
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characters have 1em advance, and since most East Asian documents are
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justified, this minimizes the case where justification needs to expand
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lines.
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scripts do, even in single column, non-paged media documents, as defined
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in <a href="#JLREQ" rel=biblioentry>[JLREQ]<!--{{JLREQ}}--></a>.
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<li>It is often desirable in East Asian layouts to make the line width a
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multiple of <em>em</em> without fractions. Because most East Asian
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characters have 1em advance and most East Asian documents are justified,
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this minimizes cases where justification is needed to expand lines.
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</ul>
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<p>There are several types of objects in a document that can break the
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vertical rhythm. Examples include lines in different size of text,
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vertical rhythm. Examples include lines with different sizes of text,
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pictures, and tables.
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<div class=figure> <img alt="Keep vertical rhythm through pictures and
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<div class=figure> <img alt="Vertical rhythm kept through pictures and
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different size of text in a multi-column document" height=246
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src=line-grid-multicol.png width=480>
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<p class=caption>Keep vertical rhythm through pictures and different size
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<p class=caption>Vertical rhythm kept through pictures and different size
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of text in a multi-column document.</p>
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</div>
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<div class=figure id=ex-sidenote>
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<div class=sidenote-block>
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<div class=sidenote-body> Sidenotes (and footnotes for that matter) are
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often set at a smaller size to the basic text. This smaller text should
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still line up with basic text. Authors can achieve this effect by
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calculating appropriate font-size, line-height, and margins*.</div>
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often set at a smaller size than the basic text. This smaller text
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should still line up with the basic text. Authors can achieve this
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effect by calculating appropriate font-size, line-height, and margins*.</div>
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<div class=sidenote-note> Only if author controls everything. It can
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easily be broken by user stylesheet, for instance.</div>
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</div>
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<p class=caption>Sidenotes set at a smaller size, but still line up with
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basic text.</p>
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<p class=caption>Sidenotes are set at a smaller size, but still line up
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with the basic text.</p>
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</div>
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<p>This module defines following capabilities:
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<p>This module provides the following capabilities:
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<ul>
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<li>Defines grids in the line progression direction.
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<li>Defining grids in the line progression direction.
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<li>Controls how lines and blocks align to the grids.
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<li>Controling how lines and blocks align to the grids.
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<li>Rounds lengths down to multiple of units.
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<li>Rounding lengths down to multiples of units.
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</ul>
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<p>It is important to control these capabilities independently, so that
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aligning to grids can be turned off for tables for example, but can then
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be turned back on for the following text to the grids.
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<p>It is important to control these capabilities independently, so that,
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for example, aligning to grids can be turned off for tables, but can then
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be turned back on for aligning the following text to the grids.
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<h3 id=placement><span class=secno>1.2. </span>Module Interactions</h3>
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<p>When this property is set to anything other than &lsquo;<code
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class=css>none</code>&rsquo;, the computed height of the object is
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increased to the smallest multiple of the grid heights that is equal to or
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increased to the smallest multiple of the grid height that is equal to or
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smaller than the original computed height.
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<p>When the value of this property is &lsquo;<code
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the object to fit in. The starting alignment point is moved accordingly.
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This is illustrated below, where <em>a</em> represents the numerical
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&lsquo;<a href="#layout-grid-line"><code
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class=property>layout-grid-line</code></a>&rsquo; value, <em>b</em> and
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<em>c</em> are half the difference between the computed line-heights and
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either the layout-grid-line value or twice the value respectively.:
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class=property>layout-grid-line</code></a>&rsquo; value, and <em>b</em>
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and <em>c</em> are half the difference between the computed line-heights
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and either the layout-grid-line value or twice the value respectively.
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<div class=figure> <img src=lgl.gif>
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<p class=caption>Layout of contents within line grid, where <em>a</em>
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<div class=figure> <img alt="Layout of content within a line grid"
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src=lgl.gif>
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<p class=caption>Layout of content within a line grid, where <em>a</em>
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represents the layout-grid-line value, and the alignment baseline is at
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the bottom (after-edge).</p>
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</div>
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<p>As for regular height computation, the ruby box is treated especially.
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<p>As for regular height computation, the ruby box is treated specifically.
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In a similar fashion to the line-height determination process, only the
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ruby base element is considered for centering purpose, however the above
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ruby base element is considered for centering purposes, however the above
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and/or the after space should be sufficient to fit the ruby text above
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and/or after the base text within the grid-line space. If this is not the
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case, the grid-line size needs to be increased in multiple of grid rows
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until the whole ruby box fits. <span class=issue>Is just ignoring ruby
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text enough? like rt { layout-grid-mode: ignore; } or nothing needed to be
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case, the grid-line size needs to be increased in multiple grid rows until
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the whole ruby box fits. <span class=issue>Is just ignoring ruby text
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enough? like rt { layout-grid-mode: ignore; } or nothing needed to be
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defined if line-stacking-ruby: auto does the work?</span>
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<p>Note that in order for this property to have an effect, line grids must
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like only a word in a line is large. But how can we align baselines to
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grids? Align baselines to center of grids? Lines may not fit within one
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grid. Align baselines to grids might work better, but it may not work well
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with settings headigns to &lsquo;<code class=css>block</code>&rsquo;.
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with settings headings to &lsquo;<code class=css>block</code>&rsquo;.
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<div class=example>
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<div class=sidefigure> <img alt="Large text wraps within line grids"
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height=244 src=line-grid-wrap.png width=276>
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<p class=caption>Large text wraps within line grids.</p>
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</div>
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<p>When a different size of text like headings wraps, it is usually
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aligned to grids as a block and lines within the block do not align.</p>
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<p>When a different size of text, such as a headings, wraps, it is usually
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aligned to grids as a block and the lines within the block do not align.</p>
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<p>This effect can be achieved by the following code:</p>
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Grid units are used very frequently in East Asian typography, especially
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for the left, right, top and bottom element margins.
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<p>Therefore a new length unit is necessary: gd to enable the author to
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<p>Therefore, a new length unit is necessary, gd, to enable the author to
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specify the various measurements in terms of the grid.
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<p>For example, consider the following style:
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<p>East Asian layout often requires heights specified by the count of the
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line grids. In Japanese, this method is called Gyou-dori. Refer to <a
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href="#JLREQ" rel=biblioentry>[JLREQ]<!--{{JLREQ}}--></a> for more
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details of Gyou-dori.</p>
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details about Gyou-dori.</p>
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<pre><code class=css>
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<!-- -->h1 {
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class=property>height</code>&rsquo; properties accept &lsquo;<code
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class=css>*gd</code>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<code class=css>*em</code>&rsquo;
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values. These values compute to &lsquo;<code class=css>auto</code>&rsquo;,
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and then the result will be round down to the largest multiple of the
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and then the result will be rounded down to the largest multiple of the
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specified unit that is equal to or less than the original computed value.
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<p>The fraction is distributed evenly to the computed values of margins of
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<p>The fraction is distributed evenly to the computed values of margins on
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each side. If it is used for &lsquo;<code
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class=property>height</code>&rsquo;, the half the fraction is added to the
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top and the bottom margins. If for &lsquo;<code
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class=property>height</code>&rsquo;, half the fraction is added to the top
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and the bottom margins. If for &lsquo;<code
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class=property>width</code>&rsquo;, to the left and the right margins.
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<p class=issue>Should this be a property instead?
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<div class=example>
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<p>It is often desirable for East Asian layouts to make the line width to
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be multiple of <em>em</em> without fractions. Since most East Asian
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characters have 1em advance, and since most East Asian documents are
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justified, this minimizes the case where justification needs to expand
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lines.</p>
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be multiple of <em>em</em> without fractions. Because most East Asian
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characters have 1em advance and most East Asian documents are justified,
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this minimizes cases where justification is needed to expand lines.</p>
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<pre><code class=css>
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<!-- -->body {

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