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css3-values/Overview.html

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@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=w3c-working>W3C Working Draft 2 January 2009</h2>
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<dt>Editors:
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<dd>Håkon Wium Lie, Opera Software &lt;howcome@opera.com&gt;
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<dd>H&aring;kon Wium Lie, Opera Software &lt;howcome@opera.com&gt;
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<dd>Chris Lilley, W3C &lt;chris@w3.org&gt;
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</dl>
@@ -241,13 +241,15 @@ <h2 id=dependencies><span class=secno>1. </span>Dependencies on other
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<li><cite>Syntax</cite> <a href="#CSS3SYN"
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rel=biblioentry>[CSS3SYN]<!--{{!CSS3SYN}}--></a>, which describes the
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syntax of values at the lexical level.
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syntax of values at the lexical level.</li>
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<!--
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<li><cite>Text</cite> <a href="#CSS3TEXT" rel="biblioentry">[CSS3TEXT]<!--{{!CSS3TEXT}}-->
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</ul>
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<li><cite>Text</cite> <a href="#CSS3TEXT"
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rel=biblioentry>[CSS3TEXT]<!--{{!CSS3TEXT}}--></a>, which describes how
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to establish grids referred to by the &lsquo;<code
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class=property>gd</code>&rsquo; unit.
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<p>, which describes how to establish grids referred to by the 'gd' unit.
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-->
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<ul>
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<li><cite>Color</cite> <a href="#CSS3COLOR"
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rel=biblioentry>[CSS3COLOR]<!--{{!CSS3COLOR}}--></a>, which defines
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additional values used for some properties that control color of text,
@@ -306,7 +308,7 @@ <h3 id=keywords><span class=secno>3.1 </span>Keywords</h3>
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class=property>border-collapse</code>&rsquo; property:</p>
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<pre>
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Value: collapse | separate
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Value:&nbsp;collapse | separate
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</pre>
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<p>And here is an example of its use:</p>
@@ -374,7 +376,7 @@ <h4 id=lengths><span class=secno>3.4.1 </span>Lengths</h4>
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id=ltlengthgt>&lt;length&gt;</dfn>) is a &lt;number&gt; immediately
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followed by a unit identifier (e.g., &lsquo;<code
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class=property>px</code>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<code
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class=property>gd</code>&rsquo;). After the &lsquo;<code
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class=property>pt</code>&rsquo;). After the &lsquo;<code
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class=css>0</code>&rsquo; length, the unit identifier is optional.
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<p>Some properties <em>allow</em> negative length values, but this may
@@ -414,15 +416,9 @@ <h4 id=relative><span class=secno>3.4.2 </span>Relative length units</h4>
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<tr>
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<td><span class=css>px</span>
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<td>viewing device
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<tr>
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<td><span class=css>gd</span>
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<td>the grid defined by <span class=property>&lsquo;<code
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class=property>layout-grid</code>&rsquo;</span> described in the CSS3
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Text module <a href="#CSS3TEXT"
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rel=biblioentry>[CSS3TEXT]<!--{{!CSS3TEXT}}--></a>
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<td>viewing device <!--
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<tr><td><span class="css">gd</span><td>the grid defined by <span class="property">'layout-grid'</span> described in the CSS3 Text module <a href="#CSS3TEXT" rel="biblioentry">[CSS3TEXT]<!--{{!CSS3TEXT}}-->
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-->
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<tr>
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<td><span class=css>rem</span>
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therefore about 0.0213 degrees.
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<p>For reading at arm's length, 1px thus corresponds to about 0.26mm
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(1/96 inch). When printed on a laser printer, meant for reading at a
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little less than arm's length (55 cm, 21 inches), 1px is about 0.21mm. On
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a 300 dots-per-inch (dpi) printer, that may be rounded up to 3 dots
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(0.25 mm); on a 600 dpi printer, it can be rounded to 5 dots.
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(1/96&nbsp;inch). When printed on a laser printer, meant for reading at a
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little less than arm's length (55&nbsp;cm, 21&nbsp;inches), 1px is about
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0.21mm. On a 300 dots-per-inch (dpi) printer, that may be rounded up to 3
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dots (0.25&nbsp;mm); on a 600&nbsp;dpi printer, it can be rounded to 5
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dots.
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<p>The two images below illustrate the effect of viewing distance on the
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size of a pixel and the effect of a device's resolution. In the first
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image, a reading distance of 71cm (28 inch) results in a px of 0.26mm,
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while a reading distance of 3.5m (12 feet) requires a px of 1.3mm.
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image, a reading distance of 71cm (28&nbsp;inch) results in a px of
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0.26mm, while a reading distance of 3.5m (12&nbsp;feet) requires a px of
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1.3mm.
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<div class=figure>
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<p><img alt="Showing that pixels must become larger if the viewing
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<p>In the second image, an area of 1px by 1px is covered by a single dot in
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a low-resolution device (a computer screen), while the same area is
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covered by 16 dots in a higher resolution device (such as a 400 dpi laser
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printer).
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covered by 16 dots in a higher resolution device (such as a 400&nbsp;dpi
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laser printer).
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<div class=figure>
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<p><img alt="Showing that more device pixels (dots) are needed to cover a
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1px by 1px area on a high-resolution device than on a low-res one"
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src=pixel2></p>
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</div>
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<p>Grid units, <dfn id=gd title="grid units|gd (grid)::definition
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of">&lsquo;<code class=property>gd</code>&rsquo;</dfn>, are frequently
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used in East Asian typography, especially for margins. The existence of a
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grid in an element makes it possible to express various measurements in
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terms of grid units.
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<div class=example>
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<p style=display:none>Example(s):
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<pre>
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<!--
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<p>Grid units, <dfn title="grid units|gd (grid)::definition
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of">'gd'</dfn>, are frequently used in East Asian typography,
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especially for margins. The existence of a grid in an element makes it
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possible to express various measurements in terms of grid units.
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<div class="example">
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<p style="display:none">Example(s):
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<pre>
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p { layout-grid: strict both 20pt 15pt; margin: 1gd 3gd 1gd 2gd }
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</pre>
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</pre>
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<p>The <span class="property">'layout-grid'</span> property, described
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in the CSS3 Text module <a href="#CSS3TEXT" rel="biblioentry">[CSS3TEXT]<!--{{!CSS3TEXT}}-->
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<p>The <span class=property>&lsquo;<code
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class=property>layout-grid</code>&rsquo;</span> property, described in
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the CSS3 Text module <a href="#CSS3TEXT"
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rel=biblioentry>[CSS3TEXT]<!--{{!CSS3TEXT}}--></a>, establishes the grid.
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In the example above, <code class=html>p</code> elements acquire a 15pt
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top margin, a 60pt right margin, a 15pt bottom margin and a 40pt left
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margin.
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</div>
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<p>, establishes the grid. In the example above, <code class=html>p</code>
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elements acquire a 15pt top margin, a 60pt right margin, a 15pt bottom
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margin and a 40pt left margin.
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<p>If no grid is specified on the element, the &lsquo;<code
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class=property>gd</code>&rsquo; unit is treated as the &lsquo;<code
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class=property>em</code>&rsquo; unit. <!--
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<p>If no grid is specified on the element, the 'gd' unit is treated as the
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'em' unit. --><!--
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<p>Relative values are not inherited. Instead, <em><a
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href="#computed1">computed values</a></em> are passed on to child
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elements.
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<p>There are some exceptions to this rule. For more information on
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inheritance, see the "Cascading and Inheritance" module.
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-->
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<p>The <dfn id=rem title="root em|em (grid)::definition of">&lsquo;<code
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class=property>rem</code>&rsquo;</dfn> unit (&lsquo;<code class=css><a
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</pre>
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</div>
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<p>Parentheses, commas, whitespace characters, single quotes (&lsquo;<code
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class=css>) and double quotes (") appearing in a URI must be escaped with
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a backslash: </code>&rsquo;\(&lsquo;<code class=css>,
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</code>&rsquo;\)&lsquo;<code class=css>, </code>&rsquo;\,'.
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<p>Parentheses, commas, whitespace characters, single quotes (') and double
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quotes ("<!--"-->) appearing in a URI must be escaped with a backslash:
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&lsquo;<code class=css>\(</code>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<code
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class=css>\)</code>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<code class=css>\,</code>&rsquo;.
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<p>Depending on the type of URI, it might also be possible to write the
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above characters as URI-escapes (where "(" = %28, ")" = %29, etc.) as
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absolute location of a resource, authors may use relative URIs. Relative
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URIs (as defined in <a href="#RFC1808"
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rel=biblioentry>[RFC1808]<!--{{RFC1808}}--></a>) are resolved to full URIs
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using a base URI. RFC 1808, section 3, defines the normative algorithm for
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this process. For CSS style sheets, the base URI is that of the style
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sheet, not that of the source document.
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using a base URI. RFC&nbsp;1808, section&nbsp;3, defines the normative
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algorithm for this process. For CSS style sheets, the base URI is that of
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the style sheet, not that of the source document.
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<div class=example>
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<p style=display:none>Example(s):</p>
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<li>ex (unit), <a href="#ex" title="ex (unit)"><strong>#</strong></a>
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<li>gd (grid)
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<ul>
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<li>definition of, <a href="#gd" title="gd (grid) definition
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of"><strong>#</strong></a>
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</ul>
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<li>generic font families, <a href="#generic" title="generic font
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families">#</a>
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<li>grad (grads), <a href="#grad" title="grad
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(grads)"><strong>#</strong></a>
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<li>grid units, <a href="#gd" title="grid units"><strong>#</strong></a>
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<li>Hz (Hertz), <a href="#hz" title="Hz (Hertz)"><strong>#</strong></a>
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<li>kHz (kilohertz), <a href="#khz" title="kHz

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