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[css2] Comments from TVRaman, see 0125
--HG-- extra : convert_revision : svn%3A73dc7c4b-06e6-40f3-b4f7-9ed1dbc14bfc/trunk%40834
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‎css2/aural.src‎

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<html lang="en">
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<!-- $Id: aural.src,v 2.1 1998-02-07 01:59:54 ijacobs Exp $ -->
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<!-- $Id: aural.src,v 2.2 1998-02-09 23:08:09 ijacobs Exp $ -->
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<HEAD>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
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<TITLE>Aural style sheets</TITLE>
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reader"><dfn>screen reader</dfn></span> -- software or hardware that
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simply reads all the characters on the screen. This results in less
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effective presentation than would be the case if the document
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structure were retained. Style Sheet properties for aural presentation
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structure were retained. Style sheet properties for aural presentation
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may be used together with visual properties (mixed media) or as an
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aural alternative to visual presentation.
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<p>Besides the obvious accessibility advantages, there are other large
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markets for aural presentation, including in-car use, industrial and
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medical documentation systems (intranets), home entertainment, and to
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help users learning to read or who have difficulty reading.
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markets for listening to information, including in-car use, industrial
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and medical documentation systems (intranets), home entertainment, and
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to help users learning to read or who have difficulty reading.
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<!-- Talk about aural canvas here. Space, time, frequency, etc. -IJ
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-->
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<p>When using aural properties, the <span class="index-inst"
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title="canvas">canvas</span> consists of a three-dimensional physical
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space (sound surrounds) and a temporal space (one may specify sounds
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before, during, and after other sounds). The CSS properties also
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allow authors to vary the quality of synthesized speech (voice type,
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frequency, inflection, etc.).
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<!-- Give examples! -->
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<!-- Give examples! -IJ -->
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<H2><a name="volume-props">Volume properties</a>: <span
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</pre>
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</div>
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<!-- What do UAs do when the auditory icon is not found
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or they cannot render the auditory icon? -IJ -->
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<!-- Proposed, see mail from T.V. Raman -->
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<P>If a user agent cannot render an auditory icon (e.g., the user's
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environment does not permit it), we recommend that it produce an
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alternative cue (e.g., popping up a warning, emitting a warning sound,
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etc.)
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<H2><a name="mixing-props">Mixing properties</a>: <span
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class="propinst-play-during">'play-during'</span></H2>
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somewhat by language but is nevertheless widely supported by speech
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synthesizers.
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<dt><strong>x-slow</strong>
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<dd>Same as ?
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<dd>Same as 80 words per minute.
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<dt><strong>slow</strong>
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<dd>Same as ?
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<dd>Same as 120 words per minute
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<dt><strong>medium</strong>
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<dd>Same as ? Refers to the user's preferred
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speech-rate setting.
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<dd>Same as 180 - 200 words per minute.
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<dt><strong>fast</strong>
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<dd>Same as ?
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<dd>Same as 300 words per minute.
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<dt><strong>x-fast</strong>
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<dd>Same as ?
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<dd>Same as 500 words per minute.
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<dt><strong>faster</strong>
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<dd>Adds ? to current speech rate.
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<dd>Adds 40 words per minute to the current speech rate.
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<dt><strong>slower</strong>
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<dd>Subtracts ? to current speech rate.
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<dd>Subtracts 40 words per minutes from the current speech rate.
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</dl>
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<!-- These need completion! -IJ -->
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<!-- Some values are those suggested by T.V. Raman,
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others proposed by Ian in light of TV's values -IJ -->
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<!-- #include src=properties/voice-family.srb -->
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<!-- #include src=properties/pitch.srb -->
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<p>Specifies the average pitch of the speaking voice.
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Values have the following meanings:</P>
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<p>Specifies the average pitch (in hertz) of the speaking voice. The
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average pitch of a voice depends on the voice family. For example,
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the average pitch for a standard male voice is around 120hz,
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but for a female voice, it's around 210hz.</p>
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<P>Values have the following meanings:</P>
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<dl>
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<dt><span class="index-inst" title="&lt;frequency&gt;"><span class="value-inst-frequency"><strong>&lt;frequency&gt;</strong></span></span>
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<dd>Specifies the average pitch of the speaking voice in hertz (Hz).
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<dt><strong>x-low</strong>
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<dd>Same as ?
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<dt><strong>low</strong>
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<dd>Same as ?
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<dt><strong>medium</strong>
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<dd>Same as ?
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<dt><strong>high</strong>
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<dd>Same as ?
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<dt><strong>x-high</strong>
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<dd>Same as ?
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<dt><strong>x-low</strong>, <strong>low</strong>,
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<strong>medium</strong>, <strong>high</strong>, <strong>x-high</strong>
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<dd>These values do not map to absolute frequencies since
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these values depend on the voice family. User agents should map
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these values to appropriate frequencies based on the voice family
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and user environment. However, user agents must map these values in
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order (i.e., 'x-low' is a lower frequency than 'low', etc.).
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</dl>
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<!-- Needs completion! -IJ -->
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<!-- Give examples! -IJ -->
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<!-- #include src=properties/pitch-range.srb -->
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<p>Specifies variation in average pitch. Values have the
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following meanings:</p>
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<p>Specifies variation in average pitch. The perceived pitch of a
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human voice is determined by the fundamental frequency and typically
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has a value of 120hz for a male voice and 200hz for a female voice.
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Human languages are spoken with varying inflection and pitch; these
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variations convey additional meaning and emphasis. Thus, a highly
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animated voice, i.e., one that is heavily inflected, displays a high
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pitch range. This property specifies the range over which these
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variations occur, i.e., how much the fundamental frequency may deviate
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from the average pitch.
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<P>Values have the following meanings:</p>
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<dl>
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<dt><span class="index-inst" title="&lt;number&gt;"><span class="value-inst-number"><strong>&lt;number&gt;</strong></span></span>
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inflection. Pitch ranges greater than 50 produce animated voices.
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</dl>
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<!-- Needs completion -IJ -->
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<!-- #include src=properties/stress.srb -->
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<p>Specifies the level of stress (assertiveness or emphasis) of the
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speaking voice. English is a <strong>stressed</strong> language, and
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different parts of a sentence are assigned primary, secondary or
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tertiary stress. The value of <span
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<p>Specifies the the height of "local peaks" in the intonation contour
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of a voice. For example, English is a <strong>stressed</strong>
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language, and different parts of a sentence are assigned primary,
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secondary, or tertiary stress. The value of <span
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class="propinst-stress">'stress'</span> controls the amount of
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inflection that results from these stress markers. Values
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have the following meanings:</p>
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inflection that results from these stress markers. This property is a
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companion to the <span
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class="propinst-pitch-range">'pitch-range'</span> property and is
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provided to allow developers to exploit higher-end auditory displays.
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<P>Values have the following meanings:</p>
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<dl>
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<dt><span class="index-inst" title="&lt;number&gt;"><span class="value-inst-number"><strong>&lt;number&gt;</strong></span></span>
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<dd>Increasing the value of this property results in the speech being
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more strongly inflected. It is, in a sense, a companion to the <span
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class="propinst-pitch-range">'pitch-range'</span> property and is
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provided to allow developers to exploit higher-end auditory displays.
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<dd>The greater the value, the more inflected the voice. For
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example, a value of 30 or 40Hz corresponds to
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a standard, English-speaking male voice (average pitch = 122Hz), speaking
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with normal intonation and emphasis. The fundamental frequency
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may go up to, but never higher than, around 155hz for stressed
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parts of the speech.
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</dl>
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<!-- Needs completion -IJ -->
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<!-- #include src=properties/richness.srb -->
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<P>Specifies the richness (brightness) of the speaking voice.
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Values have the following meanings:</p>
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<P>Specifies the richness, or brightness, of the speaking voice. A
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rich voice will "carry" in a large room, a smooth voice will not.
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(The term "smooth" refers to how the wave form looks when drawn.)
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<P>Values have the following meanings:</p>
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<dl>
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<dt><span class="index-inst" title="&lt;number&gt;"><span class="value-inst-number"><strong>&lt;number&gt;</strong></span></span>
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<dd>The effect of increasing richness is to produce a voice that
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<em>carries</em>. Reducing richness produces a soft, mellifluous
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voice.
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<dd>The higher the value, the more the voice will carry.
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A lower value will produce a soft, mellifluous voice.
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</dl>
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<!-- Needs completion -IJ -->

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