csswg-drafts/css3-namespace/Overview.html at 05a31b59dd48be7e1019b863d6d365d5d415bde9 · xfq/csswg-drafts · GitHub

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">

<html lang=en>
 <head><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv=Content-Type>

  <title>CSS Namespaces Module</title>
  <link href="../default.css" rel=stylesheet type="text/css">
  <link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-ED.css" rel=stylesheet
  type="text/css">

 <body>
  <div class=head> <!--begin-logo-->
   <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt=W3C height=48
    src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width=72></a> <!--end-logo-->

   <h1 id=css-namespaces>CSS Namespaces Module</h1>

   <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=longstatus>Editor's Draft 31 October 2007</h2>

   <dl>
    <dt>This version:

    <dd><a
     href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-namespace/">http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-namespace/</a></dd>
    <!--
    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/WD-css3-namespace-20071031/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/WD-css3-namespace-20071031/</a></dd>
-->

    <dt>Latest version:

    <dd><a
     href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-namespace">http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-namespace</a>

    <dt>Previous version:

    <dd><a
     href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-css3-namespace-20060828/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-css3-namespace-20060828/</a>

    <dt>Editor:

    <dd><a href="http://fantasai.inkedblade.net/contact">Elika J. Etemad</a>

    <dd><a href="http://annevankesteren.nl/contact">Anne van Kesteren</a>

    <dt>Previous Editors:

    <dd>Peter Linss, Netscape Communications

    <dd>Chris Lilley, W3C
   </dl>
   <!--begin-copyright-->
   <p class=copyright><a
    href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright"
    rel=license>Copyright</a> &copy; 2007 <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/"><acronym title="World Wide Web
    Consortium">W3C</acronym></a><sup>&reg;</sup> (<a
    href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><acronym title="Massachusetts Institute
    of Technology">MIT</acronym></a>, <a
    href="http://www.ercim.org/"><acronym title="European Research Consortium
    for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym></a>, <a
    href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>,
    <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a>
    and <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document
    use</a> rules apply.</p>
   <!--end-copyright-->
   <hr title="Separator for header">
  </div>

  <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=abstract>Abstract</h2>

  <p>This CSS module defines the syntax for using namespaces in CSS. It
   introduces the <code>@namespace</code> rule for declaring the default
   namespace and binding namespaces to namespace prefixes, and it also
   defines a syntax that other specifications can adopt for using those
   prefixes in namespace-qualified names.

  <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=status>Status of this document</h2>
  <!--begin-status-->
  <p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of
   its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of
   current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report
   can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">W3C technical reports
   index at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</a></em>

  <p>Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the W3C
   Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or
   obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this
   document as other than work in progress.

  <p>The (<a
   href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/">archived</a>) public
   mailing list <a href="mailto:www-style@w3.org">www-style@w3.org</a> (see
   <a href="http://www.w3.org/Mail/Request">instructions</a>) is preferred
   for discussion of this specification. When sending e-mail, please put the
   text &#8220;css3-namespace&#8221; in the subject, preferably like this:
   &#8220;[<!---->css3-namespace<!---->] <em>&hellip;summary of
   comment&hellip;</em>&#8221;

  <p>This document was produced by the <a href="/Style/CSS/members">CSS
   Working Group</a> (part of the <a href="/Style/">Style Activity</a>).

  <p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February
   2004 W3C Patent Policy</a>. W3C maintains a <a
   href="/Style/CSS/Disclosures" rel=disclosure>public list of any patent
   disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the group;
   that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An
   individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual
   believes contains <a
   href="/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential
   Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a
   href="/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the
   W3C Patent Policy</a>.</p>

  <!--end-status-->

  <p>This is a draft of a module of CSS (Cascading Style Sheets). It is
   derived with minimal change from the <a
   href="http://www.w3.org/1999/06/25/WD-css3-namespace-19990625/">CSS3
   Namespace Enhancements</a> syntax proposal from 1999 with which the CSS WG
   has been in agreement for many years and which is already implemented in
   user agents. The material from that proposal found its way into drafts of
   <a href="#SELECT" rel=biblioentry>[SELECT]<!--{{SELECT}}--></a>, <a
   href="#CSS3SYN" rel=biblioentry>[CSS3SYN]<!--{{CSS3SYN}}--></a> and <a
   href="#CSS3VAL" rel=biblioentry>[CSS3VAL]<!--{{CSS3VAL}}--></a>. <a
   href="#SELECT" rel=biblioentry>[SELECT]<!--{{SELECT}}--></a> is currently
   a Candidate Recommendation. Unfortunately, <a href="#CSS3SYN"
   rel=biblioentry>[CSS3SYN]<!--{{CSS3SYN}}--></a> has dependencies on
   (potentially) all other CSS3 modules and this, plus work on CSS2.1, has
   delayed the availability of this specification. To break the chain of
   dependencies and allow faster progress on the Recommendation track, the
   present module has been split out. It is primarily intended as a CSS
   module, though it could also be referenced by <a href="#SVG12"
   rel=biblioentry>[SVG12]<!--{{SVG12}}--></a> or indeed <a href="#CSS21"
   rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a>.

  <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=contents>Table of contents</h2>
  <!--begin-toc-->

  <ul class=toc>
   <li><a href="#intro"><span class=secno>1. </span>Introduction</a>

   <li><a href="#conformance"><span class=secno>2. </span>Conformance</a>

   <li><a href="#declaration"><span class=secno>3. </span>Declaring
    namespaces: the <code>@namespace</code> rule</a>
    <ul class=toc>
     <li><a href="#syntax"><span class=secno>3.1. </span>Syntax</a>

     <li><a href="#scope"><span class=secno>3.2. </span>Scope</a>

     <li><a href="#prefixes"><span class=secno>3.3. </span>Declaring
      Prefixes</a>
    </ul>

   <li><a href="#css-qnames"><span class=secno>4. </span>CSS Qualified
    Names</a>

   <li class=no-num><a href="#acknowledgments">Acknowledgments</a>

   <li class=no-num><a href="#references">References</a>
    <ul class=toc>
     <li class=no-num><a href="#normative-references">Normative
      references</a>

     <li class=no-num><a href="#informative-references">Informative
      references</a>
    </ul>
  </ul>
  <!--end-toc-->

  <div>
   <h2 id=intro><span class=secno>1. </span>Introduction</h2>

   <p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>

   <p>The CSS Namespaces module defines syntax for using namespaces in CSS.
    It introduces the <code>@namespace</code> rule for declaring a default
    namespace and for binding namespaces to namespace prefixes. It also
    defines a syntax for using those prefixes to represent
    namespace-qualified names. It does not define where such names are valid
    or what they mean: that depends on their context and is defined by a host
    language (such as [[Selectors]]) that references the syntax defined in
    CSS Namespaces.

   <p>The terminology used in this specification is that of <a
    href="#XML-NAMES11"
    rel=biblioentry>[XML-NAMES11]<!--{{XML-NAMES11}}--></a>. <span
    class=issue>Do we really need this sentence?</span> However, the syntax
    defined here is not restricted to representing XML element and attribute
    names.</p>

   <p>Note that a CSS client that does not support this module will (if it
    properly conforms to <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#parsing-errors">CSS's
    forward-compatible parsing rules</a>) ignore all @namespace rules, as
    well as all style rules that make use of namespace qualified names. The
    syntax of delimiting namespace prefixes in CSS was deliberately chosen so
    that these CSS clients would ignore the style rules rather than possibly
    match them incorrectly.</p>
  </div>

  <div>
   <h2 id=conformance><span class=secno>2. </span>Conformance</h2>

   <p>A document or implementation cannot conform to this specification
    alone, but can claim conformance to this specification if it sa
8000
tisfies
    the conformance requirements in this specification when implementing CSS
    or another host language that normatively references this specification.</p>

   <p>Conformance to this specification is defined for three classes:

   <dl>
    <dt><dfn id=style>style sheet</dfn>

    <dd>A <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/conform.html#x10">CSS style
     sheet</a> (or a complete unit of another host language that normatively
     references CSS Namespaces).

    <dt><dfn id=author>author</dfn>

    <dd>Someone or something that creates a style sheet.

    <dt><dfn id=interpreter>interpreter</dfn>

    <dd>Someone or something that interprets the semantics of a style sheet.
     (CSS <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/conform.html#user-agent">user
     agents</a> fall under this category.)
   </dl>

   <p>The conformance requirements are expressed with a combination of
    descriptive assertions and RFC 2119 terminology. The key words "MUST",
    "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT",
    "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in the normative parts of this
    document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 (see <a
    href="#RFC2119" rel=biblioentry>[RFC2119]<!--{{!RFC2119}}--></a>).
    However, for readability, these words do not appear in all uppercase
    letters in this specification. All of the text of this specification is
    normative except sections explicitly marked as non-normative, examples,
    and notes.</p>

   <p>Examples in this specification are introduced with the words "for
    example" or are set apart from the normative text with
    <code>class="example"</code>, like this:

   <div class=example>
    <p>This is an example of an informative example.</p>
   </div>

   <p>Informative notes begin with the word "Note" and are set apart from the
    normative text with <code>class="note"</code>, like this:

   <p class=note>Note, this is an informative note.</p>
  </div>

  <div>
   <h2 id=declaration><span class=secno>3. </span>Declaring namespaces: the
    <code>@namespace</code> rule</h2>

   <p>The @namespace <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#q6">at-rule</a> declares a
    namespace prefix and associates it with a given namespace name (a
    string). This namespace prefix can then be used in namespace-qualified
    names such as those described in the Selectors Module <a href="#SELECT"
    rel=biblioentry>[SELECT]<!--{{SELECT}}--></a> or the Values and Units
    module <a href="#CSS3VAL"
    rel=biblioentry>[CSS3VAL]<!--{{CSS3VAL}}--></a>.</p>

   <div class=example>
    <pre>@namespace "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml";
<!--  -->@namespace svg "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg";</pre>

    <p>The first rule declares a default namespace
     <code>http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml</code> to be applied to names that
     have no explicit namespace component.</p>

    <p>The second rule declares a namespace prefix <code>svg</code> that is
     used to apply the namespace <code>http://www.w3.org/2000/svg</code>
     where the <code>svg</code> namespace prefix is used.</p>
   </div>

   <p id=expanded-name-match>In CSS Namespaces, as in XML Namespaces <a
    href="#XML-NAMES11"
    rel=biblioentry>[XML-NAMES11]<!--{{XML-NAMES11}}--></a>, the prefix is
    merely a syntactic construct; it is the <em><dfn
    id=expanded-name>expanded name</dfn></em> (the tuple of local name and
    namespace name) that is significant. Thus the actual prefixes used in a
    CSS style sheet, and whether they are defaulted or not, are independent
    of the namespace prefixes used in the markup and whether these are
    defaulted or not.</p>

   <h3 id=syntax><span class=secno>3.1. </span>Syntax</h3>

   <p>The syntax for the @namespace rule is as follows (using the notation
    from the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/grammar.html">Grammar
    appendix of CSS 2.1</a> <a href="#CSS21"
    rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a>):</p>

   <pre><!--
     -->namespace
<!-- -->  : NAMESPACE_SYM S* [namespace_prefix S*]? [STRING|URI] S* ';' S*
<!-- -->  ;
<!-- -->namespace_prefix
<!-- -->  : IDENT
<!-- -->  ;<!--
  --></pre>

   <p>with the new token:</p>

   <pre>"@namespace"              {return NAMESPACE_SYM;}</pre>

   <p>Any @namespace rules must follow all @charset and @import rules and
    precede all other non-ignored at-rules and rule sets in a style sheet.
    For CSS syntax this adds <code>[ namespace [S|CDO|CDC]* ]*</code>
    immediately after <code>[ import [S|CDO|CDC]* ]*</code> in the
    <code>stylesheet</code> grammar.</p>

   <p>A syntactically invalid <code>@namespace</code> rule (whether malformed
    or misplaced) must be <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/conform.html#x22">ignored</a>. A style
    sheet containing an invalid <code>@namespace</code> rule is
    non-conforming.</p>

   <p>A URI string parsed from the <code>URI</code> syntax must be treated as
    a literal string: as with the <code>STRING</code> syntax, no URI-specific
    normalization is applied. For this reason the string syntax is
    recommended, and the <code>url()</code> syntax discouraged <span
    class=issue>deprecated?</span>.</p>

   <h3 id=scope><span class=secno>3.2. </span>Scope</h3>

   <p>The namespace prefix is declared only within the style sheet in which
    its @namespace rule appears. It is not declared in any style sheets
    importing or imported by that style sheet, nor in any other style sheets
    applying to the document.</p>

   <h3 id=prefixes><span class=secno>3.3. </span>Declaring Prefixes</h3>

   <p>A <dfn id=namespace>namespace prefix</dfn>, once declared, represents
    the namespace for which it was declared and can be used to indicate the
    namespace of a namespace-qualified name.</p>

   <p>If in the namespace declaration the namespace prefix is omitted, then
    the namespace so declared is the default namespace. The <dfn
    id=default>default namespace</dfn> applies to names that have no explicit
    namespace prefix. Modules that employ namespace prefixes must define in
    which contexts the default namespace applies. For example, following <a
    href="#XML-NAMES11"
    rel=biblioentry>[XML-NAMES11]<!--{{XML-NAMES11}}--></a>, in Selectors <a
    href="#SELECT" rel=biblioentry>[SELECT]<!--{{SELECT}}--></a> the default
    namespace applies to type selectors&#8212;but it does not apply to
    attribute selectors. There is no default value for the default namespace:
    modules that assign unqualified names to the default namespace must
    define how those unqualified names are to be interpreted when no default
    namespace is declared.</p>

   <p>Namespace prefixes are, <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#q6">like CSS property
    names</a>, case-insensitive.</p>

   <p class=note>Note, this does not cause any conflict with languages that
    use case-sensitive prefixes because <a href="#expanded-name-match">only
    the expanded name matters</a>, not the prefix, and therefore the prefixes
    need not be identical for the names to match.</p>

   <p>If a namespace prefix or default namespace is declared more than once
    only the last declaration shall be used.</p>
  </div>

  <div>
   <h2 id=css-qnames><span class=secno>4. </span>CSS Qualified Names</h2>

   <p>A <dfn id=qualified>qualified name</dfn> is a name explicitly located
    within (associated with) a namespace. To form a qualified name in CSS
    syntax, a namespace prefix that has been declared within scope is
    prepended to a local name (such as an element or attribute name),
    separated by a "vertical bar" (<code>|</code>, U+007C). The prefix,
    representing the namespace for which it has been declared, indicates the
    namespace of the local name. The prefix of a qualified name may be
    omitted to indicate that the name belongs to no namespace. Some contexts
    may allow the use of an asterisk (<code>*</code>, U+002A) as a wildcard
    prefix to indicate a name in any namespace, including no namespace.</p>

   <div class=example>
    <p>Given the namespace declarations:</p>

    <pre>@namespace toto "http://toto.example.org";
<!--  -->@namespace "http://example.com/foo";</pre>

    <p>In a context where the default namespace applies</p>

    <dl>
     <dt><code>toto|A</code>

     <dd>represents the name <code>A</code> in the
      <code>http://toto.example.org</code> namespace.

     <dt><code>|B</code>

     <dd>represents the name <code>B</code> that belongs to no namespace.

     <dt><code>*|C</code>

     <dd>represents the name <code>C</code> in any namespace, including no
      namespace.

     <dt><code>D</code>

     <dd>represents the name <code>D</code> in the
      <code>http://example.com/foo</code> namespace.
    </dl>
   </div>

   <p>CSS qualified names can be used in (for example) selectors and property
    values as described in other modules. Those modules should define the use
    of a namespace prefix that has not been properly declared as a parsing
    error that will cause the selector or declaration (etc.) to be considered
    invalid and ignored.</p>
  </div>

  <h2 class=no-num id=acknowledgments>Acknowledgments</h2>

  <p>This draft borrows heavily from earlier drafts on CSS namespace support
   by Chris Lilley and by Peter Linss <a href="#CSS3NAMESPACE"
   rel=biblioentry>[CSS3NAMESPACE]<!--{{CSS3NAMESPACE}}--></a> and early
   (unpublished) drafts on CSS and XML by H&aring;kon Lie and Bert Bos, and
   XML Namespaces and CSS by Bert Bos and Steven Pemberton. Many current and
   former members of the CSS Working Group have contributed to this document.
   Discussions on www-style@w3.org and in other places have also contributed
   ideas to this specification. Special thanks goes to L. David Baron, Ian
   Hickson, Bj&ouml;ern H&ouml;hrmann, Lachlan Hunt, and Anne van Kesteren
   for their comments.

  <h2 class=no-num id=referen
9927
ces>References</h2>

  <h3 class=no-num id=normative-references>Normative references</h3>
  <!--begin-normative-->
  <!-- Sorted by label -->

  <dl class=bibliography>
   <dt style="display: none"><!-- keeps the doc valid if the DL is empty -->
    <!---->

   <dt id=CSS21>[CSS21]

   <dd>Bert Bos; et al. <cite>Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 revision
    1.</cite> 11 April 2006. W3C Working Draft. (Work in progress.) URL: <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-CSS21-20060411">http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-CSS21-20060411</a>
    </dd>
   <!---->

   <dt id=RFC2119>[RFC2119]

   <dd>S. Bradner. <cite>Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
    Levels.</cite> Internet RFC 2119. URL: <a
    href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a>
    </dd>
   <!---->
  </dl>
  <!--end-normative-->

  <h3 class=no-num id=informative-references>Informative references</h3>
  <!--begin-informative-->
  <!-- Sorted by label -->

  <dl class=bibliography>
   <dt style="display: none"><!-- keeps the doc valid if the DL is empty -->
    <!---->

   <dt id=CSS3NAMESPACE>[CSS3NAMESPACE]

   <dd>Elika J. Etemad. <cite>CSS Module: Namespaces.</cite> 28 August 2006.
    W3C Working Draft. (Work in progress.) URL: <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-css3-namespace-20060828/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-css3-namespace-20060828/</a>
    </dd>
   <!---->

   <dt id=CSS3SYN>[CSS3SYN]

   <dd>L. David Baron. <cite>CSS3 module: Syntax.</cite> 13 August 2003. W3C
    Working Draft. (Work in progress.) URL: <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-css3-syntax-20030813">http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-css3-syntax-20030813</a>
    </dd>
   <!---->

   <dt id=CSS3VAL>[CSS3VAL]

   <dd>H&#229;kon Wium Lie; Chris Lilley. <cite>CSS3 module: Values and
    Units.</cite> 19 September 2006. W3C Working Draft. (Work in progress.)
    URL: <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-css3-values-20060919">http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-css3-values-20060919</a>
    </dd>
   <!---->

   <dt id=SELECT>[SELECT]

   <dd>Daniel Glazman; Tantek &#199;elik; Ian Hickson (eds).
    <cite>Selectors.</cite> 15 December 2005. W3C Working Draft. (Work in
    progress.) URL: <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/WD-css3-selectors-20051215">http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/WD-css3-selectors-20051215</a>
    </dd>
   <!---->

   <dt id=SVG12>[SVG12]

   <dd>Dean Jackson. <cite>Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.2.</cite> 18
    March 2004. W3C Working Draft. (Work in progress.) URL: <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/WD-SVG12-20040318">http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/WD-SVG12-20040318</a>
    </dd>
   <!---->

   <dt id=XML-NAMES11>[XML-NAMES11]

   <dd>Andrew Layman; et al. <cite>Namespaces in XML 1.1.</cite> 16 August
    2006. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a
    href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-names11-20060816">http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-names11-20060816</a>
    </dd>
   <!---->
  </dl>
  <!--end-informative-->
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