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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html lang=en>
<head
profile="http://dublincore.org/documents/2008/08/04/dc-html/ http://www.w3.org/2006/03/hcard">
<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv=Content-Type>
<title>CSS Exclusions and Shapes Module Level 3</title>
<link href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" rel=schema.dc>
<link href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright"
rel=dc.rights>
<meta content="CSS Exclusions and Shapes Module Level 3" name=dc.title>
<meta content=text name=dc.type>
<meta content=2013-04-10 name=dc.date>
<meta content="Vincent Hardy" name=dc.creator>
<meta content="Rossen Atanassov" name=dc.creator>
<meta content="Alan Stearns" name=dc.creator>
<meta content=W3C name=dc.publisher>
<meta content="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-exclusions/"
name=dc.identifier>
<link href="../shared/style/default.css" rel=stylesheet type="text/css">
<script defer=defer
src="http://test.csswg.org/harness/annotate.js#CSS3-EXCLUSIONS_DEV"
type="text/javascript"></script>
<style type="text/css">
.singleImgExample {
display: block;
margin: auto;
}
.example-table {
table-layout: fixed;
width: 100%;
}
.example-table tr td img {
width: 90%;
}
</style>
<link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-ED.css" rel=stylesheet
type="text/css">
<link href="../shared/style/issues.css" rel=stylesheet type="text/css">
<link href="../shared/style/alternate-spec-style.css" id=st rel=stylesheet
title="alternate spec style" type="text/css">
<body>
<div class=head id=div-head>
<p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt=W3C height=53 id=mobile-logo
src="http://www.w3.org/2008/site/images/logo-w3c-mobile-lg" width=90></a>
<!--begin-logo-->
<p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt=W3C height=48
src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width=72></a> <!--end-logo-->
<h1 id=css-exclusions-module>CSS Exclusions and Shapes Module Level 3</h1>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=longstatus-date>Editor's Draft 10 April 2013</h2>
<dl>
<dt>This version:
<dd><a
href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-exclusions/">http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-exclusions/</a></dd>
<!--<dd><a href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-exclusions/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-css3-exclusions-20130410/</a></dd>-->
<dt>Latest version:
<dd><a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-exclusions/">http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-exclusions/</a>
<dt>Editor's Draft:
<dd><a
href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-exclusions/">http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-exclusions/</a>
<dt>Previous version:
<dd>None
<dt>Editors:
<dd class=vcard><span class=fn>Vincent Hardy</span>, <span
class=org>Adobe Systems, Inc.</span>, <span
class=email>vhardy@adobe.com</span>
<dd class=vcard><span class=fn>Rossen Atanassov</span>, <span
class=org>Microsoft Corporation</span>, <span
class=email>ratan@microsoft.com</span>
<dd class=vcard><span class=fn>Alan Stearns</span>, <span class=org>Adobe
Systems, Inc.</span>, <span class=email>stearns@adobe.com</span>
<dt>Issues List:
<dd><a
href="https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/buglist.cgi?query_format=advanced&product=CSS&component=Exclusions&resolution=---&cmdtype=doit">in
Bugzilla</a>
<dt>Feedback:
<dd><a
href="mailto:www-style@w3.org?subject=%5B[css-exclusions]%5D%20feedback">www-style@w3.org</a>
with subject line “<kbd>[css-exclusions] <var>… message topic
…</var></kbd>” (<a
href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/"
rel=discussion>archives</a>)
</dl>
<!--begin-copyright-->
<p class=copyright><a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright"
rel=license>Copyright</a> © 2013 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><abbr
title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup> (<a
href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><abbr
title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>, <a
href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><abbr
title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>,
<a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>, <a
href="http://ev.buaa.edu.cn/">Beihang</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>,
<a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a>
and <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document
use</a> rules apply.</p>
<!--end-copyright-->
<hr title="Separator for header">
</div>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=abstract>Abstract</h2>
<p> CSS Exclusions define arbitrary areas around which <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visuren.html#inline-boxes">inline
content</a> (<a href="#CSS21"
rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a>) content can flow. CSS
Exclusions can be defined on any CSS block-level elements. CSS Exclusions
extend the notion of content wrapping previously limited to floats.
<p>CSS Shapes control the geometric shapes used for wrapping inline flow
content outside or inside an element. CSS Shapes can be applied to any
element. A circle shape on a float will cause inline content to wrap
around the circle shape instead of the float's bounding box.
<p>Combining CSS Exclusions and CSS Shapes allows sophisticated layouts,
allowing interactions between shapes in complex positioning schemes.
<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=status>Status of this document</h2>
<!--begin-status-->
<p>This is a public copy of the editors' draft. It is provided for
discussion only and may change at any moment. Its publication here does
not imply endorsement of its contents by W3C. Don't cite this document
other than as work in progress.
<p>The (<a
href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/">archived</a>) public
mailing list <a
href="mailto:www-style@w3.org?Subject=%5Bcss3-exclusions%5D%20PUT%20SUBJECT%20HERE">
www-style@w3.org</a> (see <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Mail/Request">instructions</a>) is preferred for
discussion of this specification. When sending e-mail, please put the text
“css3-exclusions” in the subject, preferably like this:
“[<!---->css3-exclusions<!---->] <em>…summary of comment…</em>”
<p>This document was produced by the <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/members">CSS Working Group</a> (part of
the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Style/">Style Activity</a>).
<p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February
2004 W3C Patent Policy</a>. W3C maintains a <a
href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/32061/status"
rel=disclosure>public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in
connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes
instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual
knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential
Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section
6 of the W3C Patent Policy</a>.</p>
<!--end-status-->
<h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=contents>Table of contents</h2>
<!--begin-toc-->
<ul class=toc>
<li><a href="#intro"><span class=secno>1. </span>Introduction</a>
<li><a href="#definitions"><span class=secno>2. </span>Definitions</a>
<li><a href="#exclusions"><span class=secno>3. </span>Exclusions</a>
<ul class=toc>
<li><a href="#declaring-exclusions"><span class=secno>3.1.
</span>Declaring exclusions</a>
<ul class=toc>
<li><a href="#wrap-flow-property"><span class=secno>3.1.1. </span>The
‘<code class=property>wrap-flow</code>’ property</a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#scope-and-effect-of-exclusions"><span class=secno>3.2.
</span>Scope and effect of exclusions</a>
<li><a href="#propagation-of-exclusions"><span class=secno>3.3.
</span>Propagation of Exclusions</a>
<ul class=toc>
<li><a href="#wrap-through-property"><span class=secno>3.3.1.
</span>The ‘<code class=property>wrap-through</code>’
Property</a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#exclusions-order"><span class=secno>3.4. </span>Exclusions
order</a>
<li><a href="#exclusions-processing-model"><span class=secno>3.5.
</span>Processing model</a>
<ul class=toc>
<li><a href="#exclusions-processing-model-description"><span
class=secno>3.5.1. </span>Description</a>
<li><a
<
77C
div>
href="#step-1-resolve-exclusion-boxes-belonging-to-each-wrapping-context"><span
class=secno>3.5.2. </span>Step 1: resolve exclusion boxes belonging
to each <span>wrapping context</span></a>
<li><a
href="#step-2-resolve-wrapping-contexts-layout-containing-blocks"><span
class=secno>3.5.3. </span>Step 2: resolve wrapping contexts and
10444
lay
out containing blocks</a>
<li><a href="#step-2-A-resolve-exclusions-position-and-size"><span
class=secno>3.5.4. </span>Step 2-A: resolve the position and size of
exclusion boxes</a>
<li><a
href="#step-2-B-layout-containing-block-applying-wrapping"><span
class=secno>3.5.5. </span>Step 2-B: lay out containing block applying
wrapping</a>
<li><a href="#exclusions-processing-model-example"><span
class=secno>3.5.6. </span>Example</a>
<ul class=toc>
<li><a href="#step-1-resolve-exclusion-boxes-belonging"><span
class=secno>3.5.6.1. </span>Step 1: resolve exclusion boxes
belonging to each <span>wrapping context</span></a>
<li><a href="#step-2-resolve-wrapping-contexts-and-lay"><span
class=secno>3.5.6.2. </span>Step 2: resolve wrapping contexts and
lay out containing blocks</a>
<ul class=toc>
<li><a href="#resolving-rwc-1"><span class=secno>3.5.6.2.1.
</span>Resolving RWC-1</a>
<li><a href="#resolving-rwc-2"><span class=secno>3.5.6.2.2.
</span>Resolving RWC-2</a>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><a href="#floats-and-exclusions"><span class=secno>3.6.
</span>Floats and exclusions</a>
<ul class=toc>
<li><a href="#floats-and-exclusions-similarities"><span
class=secno>3.6.1. </span>Similarities</a>
<li><a href="#floats-and-exclusions-differences"><span
class=secno>3.6.2. </span>Differences</a>
<li><a href="#floats-and-exclusions-interoperability"><span
class=secno>3.6.3. </span>Interoperability</a>
<ul class=toc>
<li><a href="#effect-of-floats-on-exclusions"><span
class=secno>3.6.3.1. </span>Effect of floats on exclusions</a>
<li><a href="#effect-of-exclusions-on-floats"><span
class=secno>3.6.3.2. </span>Effect of exclusions on floats</a>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><a href="#shapes"><span class=secno>4. </span>Shapes</a>
<ul class=toc>
<li><a href="#relation-to-box-model-and-float-behavior"><span
class=secno>4.1. </span>Relation to the box model and float
behavior</a>
<li><a href="#basic-shapes-from-svg-syntax"><span class=secno>4.2.
</span>Basic Shapes</a>
<ul class=toc>
<li><a href="#supported-basic-shapes"><span class=secno>4.2.1.
</span>Supported Shapes</a>
<li><a href="#referencing-svg-shapes"><span class=secno>4.2.2.
</span>Referencing SVG shapes</a>
<li><a href="#basic-shape-interpolation"><span class=secno>4.2.3.
</span>Interpolation of Basic Shapes</a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#shapes-from-image"><span class=secno>4.3. </span>Shapes
from Image</a>
<li><a href="#declaring-shapes"><span class=secno>4.4. </span>Declaring
Shapes</a>
<ul class=toc>
<li><a href="#shape-outside-property"><span class=secno>4.4.1.
</span>The ‘<code class=property>shape-outside</code>’
Property</a>
<li><a href="#shape-inside-property"><span class=secno>4.4.2.
</span>The ‘<code class=property>shape-inside</code>’
Property</a>
<li><a href="#shape-image-threshold-property"><span class=secno>4.4.3.
</span>The ‘<code class=property>shape-image-threshold</code>’
Property</a>
<li><a href="#shape-margin-property"><span class=secno>4.4.4.
</span>The ‘<code class=property>shape-margin</code>’
property</a>
<li><a href="#shape-padding-property"><span class=secno>4.4.5.
</span>The ‘<code class=property>shape-padding</code>’
Property</a>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><a href="#conformance"><span class=secno>5. </span>Conformance</a>
<li class=no-num><a href="#acknowledgments">Acknowledgments</a>
<li class=no-num><a href="#references">References</a>
<ul class=toc>
<li class=no-num><a href="#normative-references">Normative
references</a>
<li class=no-num><a href="#other-references">Other references</a>
</ul>
<li class=no-num><a href="#index">Index</a>
<li class=no-num><a href="#property-index">Property index</a>
<li class=no-num><a href="#change-log">Change Log</a>
<ul class=toc>
<li class=no-num><a href="#since-may-3rd-2012">Since May 3rd 2012</a>
<li class=no-num><a href="#since-december-13th-2011">Since December 13th
2011</a>
</ul>
</ul>
<!--end-toc-->
<h2 id=intro><span class=secno>1. </span>Introduction</h2>
<p><em>This section is not normative.</em>
<p> The exclusions section of this specification defines features that
allow inline flow content to wrap around outside the <a
href="#exclusion-area">exclusion area</a> of elements.
<p> The shapes section of the specification defines properties to control
the geometry of an element's <a href="#exclusion-area">exclusion area</a>
as well as the geometry used for wrapping an element's inline flow
content.
<h2 id=definitions><span class=secno>2. </span>Definitions</h2>
<p><dfn id=exclusion-box>Exclusion box</dfn>
<p> A <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-box/">box</a> (<a href="#CSS3BOX"
rel=biblioentry>[CSS3BOX]<!--{{!CSS3BOX}}--></a>) that defines an <a
href="#exclusion-area">exclusion area</a> for other boxes. The ‘<a
href="#wrap-flow"><code class=property>wrap-flow</code></a>’ property is
used to make an element's generated box an exclusion box. An exclusion box
contributes its <a href="#exclusion-area">exclusion area</a> to its <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visudet.html#containing-block-details">
containing block's</a> <a href="#wrapping-context">wrapping context</a>.
An element with a ‘<code class=property>float</code>’ computed value
other than ‘<code class=property>none</code>’ does not become an
exclusion.
<p><dfn id=exclusion-area>Exclusion area</dfn>
<p> The area used for excluding inline flow content around an exclusion
box. The <a href="#exclusion-area">exclusion area</a> is equivalent to the
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/box.html#box-dimensions"> border
box</a> for an exclusion box. This specification's ‘<a
href="#shape-outside"><code class=property>shape-outside</code></a>’
property can be used to define arbitrary, non-rectangular <a
href="#exclusion-area">exclusion areas</a>. The ‘<a
href="#shape-inside"><code class=property>shape-inside</code></a>’
property also defines an <a href="#exclusion-area">exclusion area</a>, but
in this case it is the area outside the shape that inline content avoids.
<p><dfn id=float-area>Float area</dfn>
<p> The area used for excluding inline flow content around a float element.
By default, the float area is the float element's <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/box.html#box-dimensions">margin box</a>.
This specification's ‘<a href="#shape-outside"><code
class=property>shape-outside</code></a>’ property can be used to define
arbitrary, non-rectangular float areas.
<p><dfn id=exclusion-element>Exclusion element</dfn>
<p>An block-level element which is not a float and generates an <a
href="#exclusion-box">exclusion box</a>. An element generates an exclusion
box when its ‘<a href="#wrap-flow"><code
class=property>wrap-flow</code></a>’ property's computed value is not
‘<code class=property>auto</code>’.
<p><dfn id=wrapping-context>Wrapping context</dfn>
<div class=issue-marker data-bug_id=15086 data-bug_status=NEW> <a
href="https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=15086">Issue-15086</a>
<div class=issue-details>
<p class=short-desc>should the wrapping context be generic and include
floats?
</div>
</div>
<p> The <a href="#wrapping-context">wrapping context</a> of a box is a
collection of <a href="#exclusion-area">exclusion areas</a> contributed by
its associated <a href="#exclusion-box">exclusion boxes</a> and elements
with ‘<a href="#shape-inside"><code
class=property>shape-inside</code></a>’. During layout, a box wraps its
inline flow content in the <a href="#wrapping-area"><code>wrapping
area</code></a> that corresponds to the subtraction of its <a
href="#wrapping-context">wrapping context</a> from its own <a
href="#content-area">content area</a>.
<p> A box inherits its <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visudet.html#containing-block-details">containing
block's</a> <a href="#wrapping-context">wrapping context</a> unless it
specifically resets it using the ‘<a href="#wrap-through"><code
class=property>wrap-through</code></a>’ property.
<p><dfn id=content-area>Content area</dfn>
<p> The <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/box.html#box-dimensions">content
area</a> is normally used for layout of the inline flow content of a box.
<p><dfn id=wrapping-area>Wrapping area</dfn>
<p> The area used for layout of inline flow content of a box affected by a
<a href="#wrapping-context">wrapping context</a>, defined by subtracting
the <a href="#wrapping-context">wrapping context</a> from its <a
href="#content-area">content area</a>
<div class=issue-marker data-bug_id=15089 data-bug_status=NEW> <a
href="https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=15089">Issue-15089</a>
<div class=issue-details>
<p class=short-desc>shrink-to-fit circle / shape
</div>
</div>
<p><dfn id=outside-and-inside title=outside-inside>Outside and inside</dfn>
<p> In this specification, ‘<code class=property>outside</code>’ refers
to DOM content that is not a descendant of an element while ‘<code
class=property>inside</code>’ refers to the element's descendants.
<h2 id=exclusions><span class=secno>3. </span>Exclusions</h2>
<p> Exclusion elements define <a href="#exclusion-area">exclusion areas</a>
that contribute to their containing block's <a
href="#wrapping-context">wrapping context</a>. As a consequence,
exclusions impact the layout of their containing block's descendants.
<p>
<p> Elements layout their inline content in their <a
href="#content-area">content area</a> and wrap around the <a
href="#exclusion-area">exclusion areas</a> in their associated <a
href="#wrapping-context">wrapping context</a>. If the element is itself an
exclusion, it does not wrap around its own exclusion shape and the impact
of other exclusions on other exclusions is controlled by the ‘<code
class=property>z-index</code>’ property as explained in the <a
href="#exclusions-order">exclusions order</a> section.
<p> The <a href="#shapes">shape properties</a> can be used to change the
shape of <a href="#exclusion-area">exclusion areas</a>.
<h3 id=declaring-exclusions><span class=secno>3.1. </span>Declaring
exclusions</h3>
<p> An element becomes an exclusion when its ‘<a href="#wrap-flow"><code
class=property>wrap-flow</code></a>’ property has a computed value other
than ‘<code class=property>auto</code>’.
<h4 id=wrap-flow-property><span class=secno>3.1.1. </span>The ‘<a
href="#wrap-flow"><code class=property>wrap-flow</code></a>’ property</h4>
<table class=propdef>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Name:
<td><dfn id=wrap-flow title="'wrap-flow'">wrap-flow</dfn>
<tr>
<th>Value:
<td><var>auto</var> | <var>both</var> | <var>start</var> |
<var>end</var> | <var>minimum</var> | <var>maximum</var> |
<var>clear</var>
<tr>
<th>Initial:
<td>auto
<tr>
<th>Applies to:
<td>block-level elements.
<tr>
<th>Inherited:
<td>no
<tr>
<th>Percentages:
<td>N/A
<tr>
<th>Media:
<td>visual
<tr>
<th>Computed value:
<td>as specified except for element's whose ‘<code
class=property>float</code>’ computed value is not <code
class=css>none</code>, in which case the computed value is ‘<code
class=property>auto</code>’.
</table>
<p>The values of this property have the following meanings:
<dl>
<dt><dfn id=auto title="'wrap-flow'!!'auto'">auto</dfn>
<dd> No exclusion is created. Inline flow content interacts with the
element as usual. In particular, if the element is a <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visuren.html#floats">float</a> (see <a
href="#CSS21" rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{CSS21}}--></a>), the behavior
is unchanged.
<dt><dfn id=both title="'wrap-flow'!!'both'">both</dfn>
<dd> Inline flow content can flow on all sides of the exclusion.
<dt><dfn id=start title="'wrap-flow'!!'start'">start</dfn>
<dd> Inline flow content can flow around the start edge of the <a
href="#exclusion-area">exclusion area</a> but must leave the area next to
the end edge of the exclusion empty.
<dt><dfn id=end title="'wrap-flow'!!'end'">end</dfn>
<dd> Inline flow content can flow around the end edge of the <a
href="#exclusion-area">exclusion area</a> but must leave the area next to
the start edge of the exclusion empty.
<dt><dfn id=minimum title="'wrap-flow'!!'minimum'">minimum</dfn>
<dd> Inline flow content can flow around the edge of the exclusion with
the smallest available space within the flow content's containing block,
and must leave the other edge of the exclusion empty.
<dt><dfn id=maximum title="'wrap-flow'!!'maximum'">maximum</dfn>
<dd> Inline flow content can flow around the edge of the exclusion with
the largest available space within the flow content's containing block,
and must leave the other edge of the exclusion empty.
<dt><dfn id=clear title="'wrap-flow'!!'clear'">clear</dfn>
<dd> Inline flow content can only flow before and after the exclusion in
the flow content's block direction and must leave the areas next to the
start and end edges of the exclusion empty.
</dl>
<p> If the property's computed value is ‘<code
class=property>auto</code>’, the element does not become an
<span>exclusion</span>.
<p> Otherwise, a computed ‘<a href="#wrap-flow"><code
class=property>wrap-flow</code></a>’ property value of ‘<code
class=property>both</code>’, ‘<code class=property>start</code>’,
‘<code class=property>end</code>’, ‘<code
class=property>minimum</code>’, ‘<code
class=property>maximum</code>’ or ‘<code
class=property>clear</code>’ on an element makes that element an
<span>exclusion element. It's <span>exclusion shape</span> is contributed
to its containing block's <a href="#wrapping-context">wrapping
context</a>, causing the containing block's descendants to wrap around its
<a href="#exclusion-area">exclusion area</a>. </span>
<div class=figure> <img
alt="LTR text wrapping on left edge, RTL text wrapping on right edge, and vertical text wrapping on top edge."
src="images/exclusion-writing-modes.png" width="70%">
<p class=caption>Exclusion with ‘<code class=css>wrap-flow:
start</code>’ interacting with various writing modes.
</div>
<p>Determining the relevant edges of the exclusion depends on the <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-writing-modes/#text-flow">writing mode</a>
<a href="#CSS3-WRITING-MODES"
rel=biblioentry>[CSS3-WRITING-MODES]<!--{{!CSS3-WRITING-MODES}}--></a> of
the content wrapping around the <a href="#exclusion-area">exclusion
area</a>.
<p>An <a href="#exclusion-element">exclusion element</a> establishes a new
<a href="">block formatting context</a> (see <a href="#CSS21"
rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a>) for its content.
<div class=figure> <img
alt="General illustration showing how exclusions combine"
src="images/exclusions-illustration.png" width="70%">
<p class=caption>Combining exclusions
</div>
<p> The above figure illustrates how exclusions are combined. The outermost
box represents an element's content box. The A, B, C and D darker gray
boxes represent exclusions in the element's <a
href="#wrapping-context">wrapping context</a>. A, B, C and D have their
respective ‘<a href="#wrap-flow"><code
class=property>wrap-flow</code></a>’ computed to ‘<code
class=property>both</code>’, ‘<code class=property>start</code>’,
‘<code class=property>end</code>’ and ‘<code
class=property>clear</code>’ respectively. The lighter gray areas show
the additional areas that are excluded for inline layout as a result of
the ‘<a href="#wrap-flow"><code
class=property>wrap-flow</code></a>’value. For example, the area to the
right of ‘<code class=property>B</code>’ cannot be used for inline
layout of left-to-right writing mode content because the ‘<a
href="#wrap-flow"><code class=property>wrap-flow</code></a>’ for
‘<code class=property>B</code>’ is ‘<code
class=property>start</code>’.
<p> The background ‘<code class=property>blue</code>’ area shows what
areas are available for a left-to-right writing mode element's inline
content layout. All areas represented with a light or dark shade of gray
are not available for (left-to-right writing mode) inline content layout.
<div class="issue-marker wrapper">
<div class=issue-marker data-bug_id=15084 data-bug_status=NEW> <a
href="https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=15084">Issue-15084</a>
<div class=issue-details>
<p class=short-desc>Fluidity of the layout with respect to different
amounts of content
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class=example>
<p> The ‘<a href="#wrap-flow"><code
class=property>wrap-flow</code></a>’ property values applied to
exclusions as grid items.</p>
<code class=html></code>
<pre>
<div id="grid">
<div id="top-right" class="exclusion"></div>
<div id="bottom-left" class="exclusion"></div>
<div id="content">Lorem ipsum…</div>
</div>
<style type="text/css">
#grid {
width: 30em;
height: 30em;
display: grid;
grid-columns: 25% 25% 25% 25%;
grid-rows: 25% 25% 25% 25%;
#top-right {
grid-column: 3;
grid-row: 2;
}
#bottom-left {
grid-column: 2;
grid-row: 3;
}
.exclusion {
wrap-flow: <see below>
}
#content {
grid-row: 1;
grid-row-span: 4;
grid-column: 1;
grid-column-span: 4;
}
</style>
</pre>
<p>The following figures illustrate the visual rendering for different
values of the ‘<a href="#wrap-flow"><code
class=property>wrap-flow</code></a>’ property. The gray grid lines are
marking the grid cells. and the blue area is the exclusion box
(positioned by the grid).
<table class=example-table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code class=html>.exclusion{ wrap-flow: auto; }</code>
<td><code class=html>.exclusion{ wrap-flow: both; }</code>
<tr>
<td><img alt="Example rendering for wrap-side: auto"
src="images/exclusion_wrap_side_auto.png">
<td><img alt="Example rendering for wrap-side: both"
src="images/exclusion_wrap_side_both.png">
<tr>
<td><code class=html>.exclusion{ wrap-flow: start; }</code>
<td><code class=html>.exclusion{ wrap-flow: end; }</code>
<tr>
<td><img alt="Example rendering for wrap-side: start"
src="images/exclusion_wrap_side_left.png">
<td><img alt="Example rendering for wrap-side: end"
src="images/exclusion_wrap_side_right.png">
<tr>
<td><code class=html>.exclusion{ wrap-flow: minimum; }</code>
<td><code class=html>.exclusion{ wrap-flow: maximum; }</code>
<tr>
<td><img alt="Example rendering for wrap-side: minimum"
src="images/exclusion_wrap_side_minimum.png">
<td><img alt="Example rendering for wrap-side: maximum"
src="images/exclusion_wrap_side_maximum.png">
<tr>
<td><code class=html>.exclusion{ wrap-flow: clear; }</code>
<td>
<tr>
<td><img alt="Example rendering for wrap-side: clear"
src="images/exclusion_wrap_side_clear.png">
<td>
</table>
</div>
<!-- End section "wrap-flow Property" -->
<!-- End section "Declaring Exclusions" -->
<h3 id=scope-and-effect-of-exclusions><span class=secno>3.2. </span>Scope
and effect of exclusions</h3>
<p> An <span>exclusion</span> affects the inline flow content descended
from the exclusion's containing block (defined in <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visudet.html#containing-block-details">
CSS 2.1 10.1</a>) and that of all descendant elements of the same
containing block. All inline flow content inside the containing block of
the exclusions is affected. To stop the effect of exclusions defined
outside an element, the ‘<a href="#wrap-through"><code
class=property>wrap-through</code></a>’ property can be used (see the <a
href="#propagation-of-exclusions">propagation of exclusions</a> section
below).
<p> As a reminder, for exclusions with ‘<code
class=css>position:fixed</code>’, the containing block is that of the
root element.</p>
<!-- End section "Scope and Effect of Exclusions" -->
<h3 id=propagation-of-exclusions><span class=secno>3.3. </span>Propagation
of Exclusions</h3>
<p> By default, an element inherits its parent <a
href="#wrapping-context">wrapping context</a>. In other words it is
subject to the exclusions defined <a href="#outside-and-inside"
title=outside-inside>outside the element. </a>
<p>Setting the ‘<a href="#wrap-through"><code
class=property>wrap-through</code></a>’ property to ‘<code
class=property>none</code>’ prevents an element from inheriting its
parent <a href="#wrapping-context">wrapping context</a>. In other words,
exclusions defined ‘<code class=property>outside</code>’ the element,
have not effect on the element's children layout.
<div class=note> Exclusions defined by an element's descendants still
contribute to their containing block's <a
href="#wrapping-context">wrapping context</a>. If that containing block is
a child of an element with ‘<a href="#wrap-through"><code
class=property>wrap-through</code></a>’ computes to none, or the element
itself, then exclusion still have an effect on the children of that
containing block element.</div>
<h4 id=wrap-through-property><span class=secno>3.3.1. </span>The ‘<a
href="#wrap-through"><code class=property>wrap-through</code></a>’
Property</h4>
<table class=propdef>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Name:
<td><dfn id=wrap-through title="'wrap-through'">wrap-through</dfn>
<tr>
<th>Value:
<td><var>wrap</var> | <var>none</var>
<tr>
<th>Initial:
<td>wrap
<tr>
<th>Applies to:
<td>block-level elements
<tr>
<th>Inherited:
<td>no
<tr>
<th>Percentages:
<td>N/A
<tr>
<th>Media:
<td>visual
<tr>
<th>Computed value:
<td>as specified
</table>
<p>The values of this property have the following meanings:
<dl>
<dt&
8097
gt;<dfn id=wrap title="'wrap-through'!!'wrap'">wrap</dfn>
<dd> The element inherits its parent node's <a
href="#wrapping-context">wrapping context</a>. Its descendant inline
content wraps around exclusions defined <a href="#outside-and-inside"
title=outside-inside>outside</a> the element.
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><dfn id=none title="'wrap-through'!!'none'">none</dfn>
<dd> The element does not inherit its parent node's <a
href="#wrapping-context">wrapping context</a>. Its descendants are only
subject to exclusion shapes defined <a href="#outside-and-inside"
title=outside-inside>inside</a> the element.
</dl>
<div class=example>
<p> Using the ‘<a href="#wrap-through"><code
class=property>wrap-through</code></a>’ property to control the effect
of exclusions.
<pre><code class=html>
<style type="text/css">
#grid {
display: grid;
grid-columns: 25% 50% 25%;
grid-rows: 25% 25% 25% 25%;
}
#exclusion {
grid-row: 2;
grid-row-span: 2;
grid-column: 2;
wrap-flow: <see below>
}
#rowA, #rowB {
grid-row-span: 2;
grid-column: 1;
grid-column-span: 3;
}
#rowA {
grid-row: 1;
}
#rowB {
grid-row: 3;
}
</style>
<style type="text/css">
.exclusion {
wrap-flow: both;
position: absolute;
left: 20%;
top: 20%;
width: 50%;
height: 50%;
background-color: rgba(220, 230, 242, 0.5);
}
</style>
<div id="grid">
<div class=”exclusion”></div>
<div id="rowA" style=”wrap-through: wrap;”> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...</div>
<div id="rowB" style=”wrap-through: none;”> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...</div>
</div>
</code></pre>
<img alt="Example rendering of wrap-through: wrap | none"
class=singleImgExample src="images/exclusion_wrap_through.png"
style="max-width:40%"></div>
<!-- End section "wrap-through property" -->
<!-- removed as wrap-margin and wrap-padding changed to shape-margin and shape-padding
<h4 id="wrap-shorthand-property">The 'wrap' Shorthand Property</h4>
<table class="propdef">
<tr>
<th>Name:</th>
<td><dfn title="'wrap'">wrap</dfn></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Value:</th>
<td><var><wrap-flow></var> || <var><wrap-margin></var> [ / <var><wrap-padding></var>]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Initial:</th>
<td>see individual properties</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Applies to:</th>
<td>block-level elements</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Inherited:</th>
<td>no</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Percentages:</th>
<td>N/A</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Media:</th>
<td>visual</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Computed value:</th>
<td>see individual properties</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
The 'wrap' property is a shorthand property for setting the exclusions properties
at the same place in the style sheet.
</p>
-->
<!-- End section "wrap shorthand property" -->
<!-- End section "Propagation of Exclusions" -->
<h3 id=exclusions-order><span class=secno>3.4. </span>Exclusions order</h3>
<p> Exclusions follow the painting order (See <a href="#CSS21"
rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a> Appendix E). Exclusions are
applied in reverse to the document order in which they are defined. The
last exclusion appears on top of all other exclusion, thus it affects the
inline flow content of all other preceding exclusions or elements
descendant of the same containing block. The ‘<code
class=property>z-index</code>’ property can be used to change the
ordering of <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/visuren.html#choose-position">positioned</a>
exclusion boxes (see <a href="#CSS21"
rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{!CSS21}}--></a>). Statically positioned
exclusions are not affected by the ‘<code
class=property>z-index</code>’ property and thus follow the painting
order.
<div class=issue-marker data-bug_id=16474 data-bug_status=NEW> <a
href="https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=16474">Issue-16474</a>
<div class=issue-details>
<p class=short-desc>Improve Example 3 about exclusion order