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PHP Include

Can be used multiple times:

<?php include("navigation.php"); ?>

Once only:

<?php include_once("navigation.php"); ?>

Including from the root:

<?php
   $path = $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'];
   $path .= "/common/header.php";
   include_once($path);
?>

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  1. David

    Just a point to make, the include, incude_once and require equivalents are not functions and therefore do not need the parenthesis around the pathname.
    I am unsure of the origin of this bad habit.

    Reply ↓
  2. Dyllon

    well David, it’s obviously an alternative to use parenthesis and completely optional, it doesn’t make it any more correct or incorrect. Someone might have the same argument about spaces before and after brackets and colons in CSS.

    Reply ↓
    • David

      I know it is optional but I bet that newcomers believe that require and include are functions because of the parenthesis. It does add confusion in my opinion.
      If you have a look at the official documentation you can see the official examples do not use parenthesis and it also cautions you on the use of parenthesis in certain situations.
      http://us.php.net/manual/en/function.include.php

  3. Fraz Ahmed

    Although it does not create any difference whether using parenthesis or not. But really it can make difference in some situation. Visit David provided link again and give attention to example #5:

    http://php.net/manual/en/function.include.php

    I also have written an article, describing the difference between include and include_once, require etc.

    http://www.techmug.com/php-basics-for-beginners/

    Reply ↓
  4. Digitalvaldosta

    I can’t seem to get this snippet to work in my WAMP install. Would like to get this to work so that I can call my includes from other directories.

    Warning: include_once(C:/wamp/www//common/header.php) [function.include-once]: failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\wamp\www\yourhearing\index.php on line 4

    If I remove the line include_once($path);, it works for the main index.php, but this will not work in any other directory.

    Any help is appreciated, THANKS.

    DIRECTORY STRUCTURE:
    /inc
    /js
    /css
    /img
    index.php

    Reply ↓
    • Digitalvaldosta

      Never mind, I had a typo.

      I am still having an issue with pulling in my css and js for my other pages. I want to type mydomain.com/otherpage/ and pull in my css and js by include with head.php but when it includes the head it only displays the content and not the styling or js. Any ideas?

    • Sebastian

      I’m having the same issue as Digitalvaldosta. Content shows up, but not JS or CSS.

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