CSS COURSE OUTLINE OF ELECTRIC GROUP

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BY UMAR ISRAR

CSS Physics Syllabus

CSS Physics Paper-I Syllabus
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

I. Mechanics

Vectors: Dots, Cross and triple products, Gradient, divergence, curl and applications.
Newtonian laws of motion: calculus based approach to kinematics, forces and dynamics, conservation
law of energy; conservation of linear and angular momentum; Dynamics of rigid body; spin and precession;
gyroscope; Gravitation; planetary motion and satellites; Keplers laws; centripetal forces.
Special theory of relativity: Michelson-Morley experiment and Einsteins postulates; Lorentz
transformation; time dilation and length contraction; equivalence of mass and energy.

II. Fluid Mechanics

Surface tension; Viscosity; Elasticity; fluid motion and Bernoullis theorem.

III. Waves and Oscillations, Optics

Free oscillation with one and two degrees of freedom; forced and damped oscillations and
phenomenon of resonance; Simple harmonic motion; Traveling waves and transmission of energy; Phase
and Group velocity; standing waves; Basics of sound waves.
Reflection, Refraction, Interference, Diffraction and Polarization of waves; interfero meter and Newtons
rings; Diffraction Gratings and their resolving power; spectro meters. Electromagnetic wave equation;
normal and anamolous dispersion; coherence, lasers and applications.

IV. Heat and Thermodynamics

Perfect gas, real gas and Van der Waals equation; Three Laws of Thermodynamics; internal energy;
temperature; entropy; Thermal properties of simple systems; kinetic theory of gases; Maxwellian distribution
of molecular velocities; Brownian motion; Transport phenomena. Classical Maxwell-Boltzmann Statistics
and its application; Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac Statistics.

CSS Physics Paper-II Syllabus

CSS Physics Paper-II Syllabus
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

I. Electricity and Magnetism

 Electric field due to point charges; Gauss law; Electric potential; Poisson and Laplaces equations;
Dielectric medium and Polarization; Capacitance; Moving charges and resulting magnetic field; Amperes
law; Magnetic properties of matter; Faradays law of electromagnetic induction; Alternating current and RLC
circuit; Poynting theorem and Poynting Vector. Maxwells equations in integral and differential form; scalar
and vector potential.

II. Modern and Quantum Physics

Waves and particles and De Broglies Hypothesis; Operators and quantum states; observables; time
dependent and independent Schrodinger equation; angular momentum; spin-1/2 particle in a magnetic field;
wave mechanics; particle in a box; tunneling; one-dimensional harmonic oscillator; Heisenbers uncertainty
relationship and indeterminacy based on commutation properties of operators; Bohrs theory and quantum
numbers including electron spin; Paulis exclusion principle; Spectra of simple systems with one or two
valence electrons; photo electric effect; Compton scattering; pair production; Landes g factor and Zeeman
effect. Raman effect;

III. Solid State Physics

Crystal lattice and structure, Bravais lattice, free electron model, Band theory and electron in a periodic
potential, Fermi energy and density of states, n and p type semiconductors, physics of the transistor and
MOSFET, dielectric properties, magnetic properties and origin of magnetism.

IV. Nuclear Physics

Structure of Nuclei; Radioactivity, , and decay; Methods of detection of nuclear radiation, Mass
Sepectrometer; Accelerators; Phenomenon of fission; reactor and nuclear power; nuclear fusion and its
applications; Elementary particles and their properties.

CSS Chemistry Syllabus

CSS Chemistry Paper-I Syllabus
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

I. Atomic Structure and Quantum Chemistry

Electromagnetic spectrum, photoelectric effect, Bohrs atomic model, wave and particle nature of light
matter, de Broglies equation, Heisenbergs uncertainty principle, wave functions and Born
interpretation of wave functions, probability density, Eigen functions and Eigen values, Hamiltonian
operator, Schrodinger wave equation and its solution for particle in one and three dimensional box.

II. Electrochemistry
Ions in solution, measurement of conductance and Kohlrauschs law, mobility of ions and transport
number, conductometric titrations, Debye-Huckel theory and activity coefficient, determination of
activities, Redox reactions, spontaneous reactions, electrochemical cells, standard electrode
potentials, liquid junction potential, electrochemical series, Nernsts equation, measurement of pH,
electrolytic cells, potentiometry, reference and indicator electrodes, fuel cells, corrosion and its
prevention.

III. Thermodynamics
Equation of states, ideal and real gases, the Van der Waals equation for real gases, critical
phenomena and critical constants, four laws of thermodynamics and their applications,
thermochemistry, calorimetry, heat capacities and their dependence on temperature, pressure and
volume, reversible and non-reversible processes, spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes,
Hesss law, The Born-Haber cycle, relations of entropy and Gibbs free energy with equilibrium
constant, Gibbs Helmholtz equation, fugacity and activity.

IV. Chemical Kinetics

The rate and molecularity of reactions, Factors affecting rate of a chemical reaction, zero, first,
second and third order reactions with same initial concentrations, halflives of reactions, experimental
techniques for determination of order of reaction (integration, half-life, initial rate and graphical
methods), collision theory, transition state theory, Arrhenius equation and rate equations of complex
reactions.

V. Surface Chemistry and Catalysis

Properties of liquids, physical and chemical properties of surface, determination of surface area.
Adsorption and absorption; physical adsorption and chemisorption, adsorption isotherms, Langmuir
adsorption isotherm and Freundlich Adsorption isotherm. Colloids; properties, classification and
preparation of colloidal systems. Surfactants, Phase rule; Gibbs equation of phase rule, one
component systems, two component systems and their examples, Catalysis; homogeneous and
heterogeneous catalysis, acid-base and enzyme catalysis.

VI. Fundamentals of Chemometrics

Sampling, significant figures, stoichiometric calculations, measurement errors, analysis of variance
(ANOVA), arithmetic mean, median, mode, standard deviation/relative standard deviation, confidence
limits, Gaussian distribution, least square method, Statistical tests.

VII. Separation Methods

Solvent extraction; theory of solvent extraction; solvent extraction of metals, analytical separations,
multiple batch extraction and counter current distribution. Chromatography; theory of
chromatography, classification and overview of chromatographic techniques (paper, thin layer, column
and ion exchange chromatographies). Principle of electrophoresis and its application as separation
and characterization of proteins.

VIII. Basic Inorganic Chemistry

Types of chemical bonding, ionic and covalent bonding, localized bond approach, theories of
chemical bonding, valance bond theory (VBT), hybridization and resonance, prediction of molecular
shapes using valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model, Molecular orbital theory (MOT)
applied to diatomic molecules, delocalized approach to bonding, bonding in electron deficient
compounds, hydrogen bonding, Physical and chemical properties of p-block elements with emphasis
on oxygen, carbon, chlorine, silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus and some of their representative
compounds.

IX. Acids and Bases

Brief concepts of chemical equilibrium, acidbase theories including soft and hard acid and base
(SHAB) concept, relative strength of acids and bases, significance of pH, pKa, pKb and buffer
solutions. Theory of indicators, solubility, solubility product, common ion effect and their industrial
applications.

X. Chemistry of d and f-block elements

General characteristics of d-block elements, historical back ground of coordination chemistry,
nomenclature and structure of coordination complexes with coordination number 2-10, Chelates and
chelate effect. Theories of coordination complexes; Werners theory, Valence bond theory (VBT),
Crystal field theory (CFT) and Molecular orbital theory (MOT). Jahn-Teller theorem, magnetic
properties, spectral properties, isomerism, stereochemistry and stability constants of coordination
complexes.
General characteristics of Lanthanides, occurrence, extraction and general principles of separation,
electronic structure and position in the periodic table, lanthanide contraction, oxidation states, spectral
and magnetic properties and uses. General characteristics of actinides, electronic structure, oxidation
state and position in the periodic table, half-life and decay law.

CSS Chemistry Paper-II Syllabus

CSS Chemistry Paper-II Syllabus
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

I. Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry

Bonding and orbital hybridization, Localized and delocalized bonding, Inductive effect, Dipole
moment, Resonance, Hyperconjugation.

II. Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbon

Nomenclature, Physical properties, Preparation and reactions of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.

III. Chemistry of Aromatic Compounds

Benzene structure, Aromaticity, Mechanism of electrophilic substitution reaction, Activating and
deactivating substituents, Effect of substituents on orientation and reactivity.

IV. Chemistry of Functional Groups

Preparation and properties of alcohols, phenols, ethers, and amines with focus on reaction
mechanism and applications. Preparation and reactions of alkyl halides. Synthetic applications of
Grignard reagent. Carbonyl compounds, preparations and reaction mechanism of aldehydes and
ketones and their applications. Carboxylic acids and their derivatives, acidity of carboxylic acids and
effect of substituents on their acidity, preparation and reactions of carboxylic acids and their
derivatives including acid halides, acid anhydrides, esters and amides.

V. Aliphatic nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions

Mechanism of nucleophilic substitution reactions. Elimination reactions, Zaitsev rule and Hofmann
rule. Competition between Substitution and elimination reactions.

VI. Stereochemistry
Molecular chirality.Types of stereoisomers. R,S configuration and E,Z designation. Optical activity,
Stereoselectivity and stereospecificity. Resolution of racemic mixtures.

VII. Organic Spectroscopy

Theory, Principle, instrumentation and applications of UV/Visible, 1H NMR, IR spectroscopy and
Mass spectroscopic techniques.

VIII. Biomolecules
Carbohydrates; Monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, biological functions of
starch, glycogen, cellulose, and cell wall polysaccharides.

Lipids; Classification and biological importance of lipids. Significance of lipids in biological

membranes and transport mechanism.

Amino Acids; Classification of amino acids. Physical and chemical properties of amino acids.
Biological significance.
Proteins; Classification. Properties and biological significance. Primary, secondary tertiary and
quaternary structures.

Nucleic Acids; Chemical composition of nucleic acids. Structure and biological significance of nucleic
acids.

Enzymes; Enzyme-substrate interactions and nature of active site, mechanism of enzyme action,
kinetics of single substrate reactions, enzyme inhibition, regulatory enzymes and allosteric enzymes.

IX. Metabolism
Digestion; absorption and transport of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids. Glycolysis;
citric acid cycle, gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis and photosynthesis.

Biosynthesis of triglycerides, phosphides, steroids and bile acids and ketone bodies.

Biochemical reaction of amino acids: decarboxylation, deamination, transamination and

transmethylation, etc., urea cycle, creatine and uric acid synthesis.

Catabolism of nucleosides, DNA polymerases and other enzymes involves in metabolism.

X. Chemical Industries
Manufacturing and processing of sugar, cement, glass, paper, fertilizers, soap and detergents.

CSS Applied Mathematics Syllabus

Applied Mathematics Syllabus
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

I. Vector Calculus (10%)

Vector algebra; scalar and vector products of vectors; gradient divergence and curl of a vector; line,
surface and volume integrals; Greens, Stokes and Gauss theorems.

II. Statics (10%)

Composition and resolution of forces; parallel forces and couples; equilibrium of a system of coplanar
forces; centre of mass of a system of particles and rigid bodies; equilibrium of forces in three
dimensions.

III. Dynamics (10%)

Motion in a straight line with constant and variable acceleration; simple harmonic motion; conservative
forces and principles of energy.
Tangential, normal, radial and transverse components of velocity and acceleration; motion under central
forces; planetary orbits; Kepler laws;

IV. Ordinary differential equations (20%)

Equations of first order; separable equations, exact equations; first order linear equations; orthogonal
trajectories; nonlinear equations reducible to linear equations, Bernoulli and Riccati equations
 Equations with constant coefficients; homogeneous and inhomogeneous equations; Cauchy-Euler
equations; variation of parameters.
Ordinary and singular points of a differential equation; solution in series; Bessel and Legendre
equations; properties of the Bessel functions and Legendre polynomials.

V. Fourier series and partial differential equations (20%)

Trigonometric Fourier series; sine and cosine series; Bessel inequality; summation of infinite series;
convergence of the Fourier series.
Partial differential equations of first order; classification of partial differential equations of second order;
boundary value problems; solution by the method of separation of variables; problems associated with
Laplace equation, wave equation and the heat equation in Cartesian coordinates.

VI. Numerical Methods (30%)

Solution of nonlinear equations by bisection, secant and Newton-Raphson methods; the fixed- point
iterative method; order of convergence of a method.
Solution of a system of linear equations; diagonally dominant systems; the Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel
methods.
Numerical differentiation and integration; trapezoidal rule, Simpsons rules, Gaussian integration
formulas.
Numerical solution of an ordinary differential equation; Euler and modified Euler methods; Runge- Kutta
methods.

CSS Pure Mathematics Syllabus

Pure Mathematics Syllabus
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

Section A (40 marks)

I. Modern Algebra

Group, subgroups, Lagranges theorem, Cyclic groups, Normal subgroups, Quotient groups.
Fundamental theorem of homomorphism. Isomorphism theorems of groups, Inner automorphisms.
Conjugate elements, conjugate subgroups. Commutator subgroups.
Ring, Subrings, Integral domains, Quotient fields, Isomorphism theorems, Field extension and finite
fields.
Vector spaces, Linear independence, Bases, Dimension of a finitely generated space. Linear
transformations, Matrices and their algebra. Reduction of matrices to their echelon form. Rank and nullity of
a linear transformation.
Solution of a system of homogeneous and non-homogeneous linear equations. Properties of
determinants.

Section B (40 marks)

II. Calculus & Analytic Geometry

 Real Numbers. Limits. Continuity. Differentiability. Indefinite integration. Mean value theorems. Taylors
theorem, Indeterminate forms. Asymptotes. Curve tracing. Definite integrals. Functions of several variables.
Partial derivatives. Maxima and minima. Jacobnians, Double and triple integration (techniques
only).Applications of Beta and Gamma functions. Areas and Volumes. Riemann-Stieltjes integral. Improper
integrals and their conditions of existences. Implicit function theorem.
Conic sections in Cartesian coordinates, Plane polar coordinates and their use to represent the straight
line and conic sections. Cartesian and spherical polar coordinates in three dimensions. The plane, the
sphere, the ellipsoid, the paraboloid and the hyperboloid in Cartesian and spherical polar coordinates.

Section C (20 marks)

III. Complex Variables

Function of a complex variable; Demoivers theorem and its applications. Analytic functions, Cauchys
theorem. Cauchys integral formula, Taylors and Laurents series. Singularities. Cauchy residue
theorem and contour integration. Fourier series and Fourier transforms.

CSS Statistics Syllabus

CSS Statistics Syllabus
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

Part I (50 marks)

I. Descriptive Statistics
Definition, Importance and scope of Statistics, Descriptive and Inferential Statistics, Presentation of
the Data, Tables, Graphs and Charts: Stem-and leaf diagram, Box and Whisker Plots. Measures of
Central Tendency/location, Measures of Dispersion/Variability: Measures of Skewness and Kurtosis.

II. Basic Probability

Basic Probability Concepts, Additive and Multiplicative laws of Probability, Joint and Marginal
Probabilities, Conditional Probability and Statistical Independence, Bayes rule. Concept of a Random
Variable, Mathematical Expectations, Discrete and Continuous Random Variables, Probability
Distribution, Mean and Variance of a Discrete Probability Distribution.

III. Probability Distributions

Discrete and continuous Probability Distributions. Properties, applications of Binomial, Poisson,
Hyper-geometric distribution, Normal Distribution and its properties, Standard Normal Curve, Normal
approximation to Binomial and Poisson distribution.

IV. Regression Analysis & Correlation Analysis

Concepts of Regression and Correlation and their application, Simple and Multiple Linear Regression
(upto three variables), Estimation of the Parameters of simple regression Model, Method of least
square, Inference regarding regression parameters.

Correlation, Correlation Coefficient, Properties of Correlation Coefficient, Inference regarding

correlation coefficient, Partial Correlation and Multiple Correlation Coefficients (upto three variables).

V. Non-Parametric Methods
Parametric versus nonparametric tests, when to use non-parametric procedures, One-sample tests:
Sign test, Wilcoxan signed ranks tests, Kolmogrov-Smirnov test, run test.
Tests for two related samples: sign test, run tests, chi-square test, Test for two independent samples:
Mann-Whitney test, Kolmogrov-Smirnov test.

Part II (50 marks)

VI. Sampling & Sampling Distributions

Population and Sample, Advantages of Sampling, Sampling Design, Probability & Non-Probability
Sampling techniques. Brief Concepts of Simple Random, Stratified, Systematic, Cluster, Multiphase
and Multistage Sampling. Non-probability sampling: Purposive, Quota Sampling, Convenience &
Accidental Sampling.

Sampling with and without replacement, Application of Central Limit Theorem in Sampling, Sampling
Distribution of Mean, difference between two Means, Proportion, difference between two Proportion
and Variance.

VII. Statistical Inferences

Estimation: Point Estimation, Properties of a good Estimator. Interval Estimation. Interval Estimation
of Single Population means and Single proportion. Difference between two means and Difference
between two proportions.

Hypothesis Testing: Types of errors. Hypothesis Testing for Population Mean. Inferences for
difference between Two Population Means. Inferences for the difference between Means of Two
Normal Populations using Independent Samples (variances are assumed Equal) for sample size.
Inference for Two Populations Mean using Paired Samples.Hypothesis testing for Single Population
Proportion and difference between two population proportions. Estimation of sample size.

Analysis of categorized data. Goodness of fit tests. Contingency tables. Test of independence in
contingency tables.

VIII. Design of Experiments

One-way and Two-way Analysis of Variance, Design of Experiments, Concepts of Treatment,
Replication, Blocking, Experimental Units and Experimental Error, Basic Principles of Design of
Experiments, Description, Layout and Statistical Analysis of Completely Randomized Design (CRD),
Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), Multiple Comparison tests (LSD test).

IX. Population Analysis & Vital Statistics

Population and Demographic Methods, Sources of Demographic data, Basic Demographic Measures,
Sex Ratio, Child Women Ratio, Vital Index, Crude and Specific Birth and Death Rates, Total Fertility
and Net Reproduction Rates.

Official Statistics: Statistical Systems in Pakistan, Functions of Statistics Division, Bureaus of

Statistics and NADRA. The National Income, Gross Domestic Product, Saving and Wealth, Index
Numbers.

CSS Geology Syllabus

Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

Part- I (50-marks)
I. Introduction to Physical Geology
Introduction and scope of geology, its importance and relationship with other sciences; Earth as a
member of the solar system: its origin, age, composition and internal structure; Introduction to rocks
and minerals; Weathering and erosion; Isostasy; Geological Time Scale.

II. Stratigraphy and Paleontology

Principles of stratigraphy; Laws of superposition and faunal succession; Geological time scale with
divisions; Classification and nomenclature of stratigraphic units: lithostragraphic units, biostratigraphic
units and chronostratgraphic units.

Introduction to fossils and their significance; Modes of fossilization; Study of morphology, range and
broad classification of major invertebrate phyla; Introduction to micro fossils; Introduction to
Paleobotany; Introduction and classification of major vertebrates; Introduction to micropaleontology.

III. Mineralogy
Classification of minerals; Study of internal structure; Polymorphism and isomorphism; Paragenesis;
Physical and optical properties of the common silicate and non-silicate mineral groups; Introduction to
crystallography: elements of symmetry, study; normal classes of crystallographic systems.

IV. Structural Geology and Tectonics

Stress-strain concepts; factors controlling the mechanical behavior of materials; Folds; Faults; Joints;
Foliation: terminology, classification and relationship with bedding; Lineation; Unconformity.

Plate tectonics theory; Geological evidences for continental drift; Sea-floor spreading; Oceanic ridges;
Continental rifts; Intra-oceanic islands; Hot spot and Mantle plumes; Wilson Cycle; Tectonic
framework of Pakistan.

V. Petrology and Petrography

Introduction, classification and description of sedimentary rocks; origin; transportation and deposition
of sediments; Texture of sedimentary rocks; Sedimentary structures, their classification, morphology
and significance; Composition, origin, differentiation and evolution of magma; Classification of
igneous rocks; Mode of occurrences and types of extrusive rocks; Texture and structure of igneous
rocks; Introduction to metamorphism; Types of metamorphism; Grades, zones and facies of
metamorphism; Metamorphic diffusion and differentiation; Metamorphism in relation to Plate
Tectonics; Differentiation between metamorphism and metasomatism.

Introduction to Polarizing Microscope; Optical properties of opaque and non-opaque minerals in plane
polarized light and under crossed nicol including metallic under reflected light; Description of optical
properties of common rock forming minerals.

Part II (50-marks)

VI. Introduction to Geophysics

Definition and relation of geophysics with other sciences; Classification and brief description of
various branches of geophysics such as seismology, geomagnetism, geoelectricity, tectonophysics,
gravimetry, geo-thermy and geodesy; Introduction to various geophysical techniques for exploration
of mineral deposits, oil and gas, subsurface water and engineering works.

VII. Sequence Stratigraphy

Introduction: history, concept and significance of sequence stratigraphy; Data sources: seismic
reflections, outcrops, well logs, core and seismic facies; Sea level changes: their causes and effects,
accommodation, eustatic and relative sea curve; Hierarchy of sequence stratigraphic elements; Types
of sequences and systems tracts.

VIII. Petroleum Geology

The nature and classification of petroleum hydrocarbons, their origin, migration and accumulation;
Source sediments, reservoir rocks and trapping mechanism for oil and gas; Prospecting and
exploration of oil and gas; Reservoir: characteristics, drive mechanism, energy and pressure
maintenance; Secondary and enhanced recovery; Introduction to Sedimentary Basins of Pakistan.

IX. Engineering and Environmental Geology

Rock and soil mechanics and its application in civil engineering; Rock mass characteristics;
Geotechnical studies of rocks and soils; Geological factors and strength of rocks; Study of geological
factors in relation to the construction of buildings foundations, roads, highways, tunnels, dams and
bridges; Application of geophysical methods for site investigation; Construction materials; Mass
movement: their causes and prevention.

Introduction to environmental geology; Management of natural resources; Global climatic changes;

Environmental controls for erosion, desertification and coastal degradation; Geological hazards such
as floods, landslides, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, glaciers and shoreline processes; Remedial
measures; Clean sources of energy; Industrial pollution, solid and liquid waste disposal, Introduction
to environmental impact assessment and initial environmental examination.

X. Mineral and Energy Resources

Introduction of geological exploration/prospecting. Brief description of hydrocarbons, coal,
gemstones, copper, lead, zinc, iron, gold, chromite, manganese, salt, gypsum, bauxite, sulphur,
barite, fluorite, clays, phosphorite, building and dimension stones; Industrial rocks and minerals;
Radioactive minerals and rocks; Special reference to economic mineral deposits in Pakistan.

Origin, occurrence, and depositional environments of coal; Coal constitution and its kinds; Coal rank,
grade and calorific value; Coal deposits of Pakistan with reference to Thar Coal; Geothermal energy
resources of Pakistan.

XI. Economic and Applied Geology

Metallic and Non-metallic mineral resources of Pakistan; Mineral-based industries. Overview of
Recodec Copper; Radioactive minerals and their occurrences in Pakistan; Gemstones of Pakistan.

Geology of Reservoirs, dams, highways and tunnels; Major natural hazards and their impacts on the
environment with special reference to Pakistan.