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Css Pseudo Classes

PSEUDO classes..

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Amjad Nawaz
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60 views

Css Pseudo Classes

PSEUDO classes..

Uploaded by

Amjad Nawaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSS - PSEUDO CLASSES

http://www.tutorialspoint.com/css/css_pseudo_classes.htm Copyright tutorialspoint.com

CSS pseudo-classes are used to add special effects to some selectors. You do not need to use
JavaScript or any other script to use those effects. A simple syntax of pseudo-classes is as follows

selector:pseudo-class {property: value}

CSS classes can also be used with pseudo-classes

selector.class:pseudo-class {property: value}

The most commonly used pseudo-classes are as follows

Value Description

:link Use this class to add special style to an unvisited link.

:visited Use this class to add special style to a visited link.

:hover Use this class to add special style to an element when you mouse over it.

:active Use this class to add special style to an active element.

:focus Use this class to add special style to an element while the element has focus.

:first- Use this class to add special style to an element that is the first child of some other
child element.

:lang Use this class to specify a language to use in a specified element.

While defining pseudo-classes in a <style>...</style> block, following points should be noted

a:hover MUST come after a:link and a:visited in the CSS definition in order to be effective.

a:active MUST come after a:hover in the CSS definition in order to be effective.

Pseudo-class names are not case-sensitive.

Pseudo-class are different from CSS classes but they can be combined.

The :link pseudo-class


The following example demonstrates how to use the :link class to set the link color. Possible values
could be any color name in any valid format.

<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
a:link {color:#000000}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<a href="">Black Link</a>
</body>
</html>

It will produce the following black link


The :visited pseudo-class
The following is the example which demonstrates how to use the :visited class to set the color of
visited links. Possible values could be any color name in any valid format.

<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
a:visited {color: #006600}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<a href="">Click this link</a>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following link. Once you will click this link, it will change its color to green.

The :hover pseudo-class


The following example demonstrates how to use the :hover class to change the color of links when
we bring a mouse pointer over that link. Possible values could be any color name in any valid
format.

<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
a:hover {color: #FFCC00}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<a href="">Bring Mouse Here</a>
</body>
</html>

It will produce the following link. Now you bring your mouse over this link and you will see that it
changes its color to yellow.
The :active pseudo-class
The following example demonstrates how to use the :active class to change the color of active
links. Possible values could be any color name in any valid format.

<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
a:active {color: #FF00CC}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<a href="">Click This Link</a>
</body>
</html>

It will produce the following link. When a user clicks it, the color changes to pink.

The :focus pseudo-class


The following example demonstrates how to use the :focus class to change the color of focused
links. Possible values could be any color name in any valid format.

<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
a:focus {color: #0000FF}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<a href="">Click this Link</a>
</body>
</html>

It will produce the following link. When this link gets focused, its color changes to orange. The color
changes back when it loses focus.
The :first-child pseudo-class
The :first-child pseudo-class matches a specified element that is the first child of another element
and adds special style to that element that is the first child of some other element.

To make :first-child work in IE <!DOCTYPE> must be declared at the top of document.

For example, to indent the first paragraph of all <div> elements, you could use this definition

<html>
<head>

<style type="text/css">
div > p:first-child
{
text-indent: 25px;
}
</style>

</head>
<body>

<div>
<p>First paragraph in div. This paragraph will be indented</p>
<p>Second paragraph in div. This paragraph will not be indented</p>
</div>
<p>But it will not match the paragraph in this HTML:</p>

<div>
<h3>Heading</h3>
<p>The first paragraph inside the div. This paragraph will not be effected.</p>
</div>

</body>
</html>

It will produce the following result

The :lang pseudo-class


The language pseudo-class :lang, allows constructing selectors based on the language setting for
specific tags.

This class is useful in documents that must appeal to multiple languages that have different
conventions for certain language constructs. For example, the French language typically uses
angle brackets < and > for quoting purposes, while the English language uses quote marks and .

In a document that needs to address this difference, you can use the :lang pseudo-class to change
the quote marks appropriately. The following code changes the <blockquote> tag appropriately
for the language being used

<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
/* Two levels of quotes for two languages*/
:lang(en) { quotes: '"' '"' "'" "'"; }
:lang(fr) { quotes: "<<" ">>" "<" ">"; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>...<q lang="fr">A quote in a paragraph</q>...</p>
</body>
</html>

The :lang selectors will apply to all the elements in the document. However, not all elements make
use of the quotes property, so the effect will be transparent for most elements.

It will produce the following result

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