CSS Tutorial: CSS Example With CSS Editor
CSS Tutorial: CSS Example With CSS Editor
CSS tutorial or CSS 3 tutorial provides basic and advanced concepts of CSS technology.
Our CSS tutorial is developed for beginners and professionals. The major points of CSS are
given below:
o HTML, CSS and JavaScript are used for web designing. It helps the web designers to
apply style on HTML tags.
1. <!DOCTYPE>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <style>
5. h1{
6. color:white;
7. background-color:red;
8. padding:5px;
9. }
10. p{
11. color:blue;
12. }
13. </style>
14. </head>
15. <body>
16. <h1>Write Your First CSS Example</h1>
17. <p>This is Paragraph.</p>
18. </body>
19. </html>
Test it Now
Output:
CSS 3 Tutorial
In this tutorial, we will learn CSS 3 properties to design box model, apply opacity, radius
etc.
Prerequisite
Before learning CSS, you must have the basic knowledge of HTML.
Audience
Our CSS tutorial is designed to help beginners and professionals both.
Problem
If you find any problem or mistake in our CSS tutorial, you can report to us. We assure, you
will not find any problem in CSS tutorial.
What is CSS
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. It is a style sheet language which is used to
describe the look and formatting of a document written in markup language. It provides an
additional feature to HTML. It is generally used with HTML to change the style of web pages
and user interfaces. It can also be used with any kind of XML documents including plain
XML, SVG and XUL.
CSS is used along with HTML and JavaScript in most websites to create user interfaces for
web applications and user interfaces for many mobile applications.
o You can completely change the look of your website with only a few changes in CSS
code.
CSS Syntax
A CSS rule set contains a selector and a declaration block.
Selector: Selector indicates the HTML element you want to style. It could be any tag like
<h1>, <title> etc.
Declaration Block: The declaration block can contain one or more declarations separated
by a semicolon. For the above example, there are two declarations:
1. color: yellow;
2. font-size: 11 px;
Property: A Property is a type of attribute of HTML element. It could be color, border etc.
Value: Values are assigned to CSS properties. In the above example, value "yellow" is
assigned to color property.
CSS Selector
CSS selectors are used to select the content you want to style. Selectors are the part of
CSS rule set. CSS selectors select HTML elements according to its id, class, type, attribute
etc.
2. CSS Id Selector
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <style>
5. p{
6. text-align: center;
7. color: blue;
8. }
9. </style>
10. </head>
11. <body>
12. <p>This style will be applied on every paragraph.</p>
13. <p id="para1">Me too!</p>
14. <p>And me!</p>
15. </body>
16. </html>
Test it Now
Output:
Me too!
And me!
2) CSS Id Selector
The id selector selects the id attribute of an HTML element to select a specific element. An id
is always unique within the page so it is chosen to select a single, unique element.
It is written with the hash character (#), followed by the id of the element.
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <style>
5. #para1 {
6. text-align: center;
7. color: blue;
8. }
9. </style>
10. </head>
11. <body>
12. <p id="para1">Hello Javatpoint.com</p>
13. <p>This paragraph will not be affected.</p>
14. </body>
15. </html>
Test it Now
Output:
Hello Javatpoint.com
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <style>
5. .center {
6. text-align: center;
7. color: blue;
8. }
9. </style>
10. </head>
11. <body>
12. <h1 class="center">This heading is blue and center-aligned.</h1>
13. <p class="center">This paragraph is blue and center-aligned.</p>
14. </body>
15. </html>
Test it Now
Output:
This heading is blue and center-aligned.
This paragraph is blue and center-aligned.
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <style>
5. p.center {
6. text-align: center;
7. color: blue;
8. }
9. </style>
10. </head>
11. <body>
12. <h1 class="center">This heading is not affected</h1>
13. <p class="center">This paragraph is blue and center-aligned.</p>
14. </body>
15. </html>
Test it Now
Output:
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <style>
5. * {
6. color: green;
7. font-size: 20px;
8. }
9. </style>
10. </head>
11. <body>
12. <h2>This is heading</h2>
13. <p>This style will be applied on every paragraph.</p>
14. <p id="para1">Me too!</p>
15. <p>And me!</p>
16. </body>
17. </html>
Test it Now
Output:
This is heading
Me too!
And me!
Grouping selector is used to minimize the code. Commas are used to separate each selector
in grouping.
Let's see the CSS code without group selector.
1. h1 {
2. text-align: center;
3. color: blue;
4. }
5. h2 {
6. text-align: center;
7. color: blue;
8. }
9. p {
10. text-align: center;
11. color: blue;
12. }
As you can see, you need to define CSS properties for all the elements. It can be grouped in
following ways:
1. h1,h2,p {
2. text-align: center;
3. color: blue;
4. }
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <style>
5. h1, h2, p {
6. text-align: center;
7. color: blue;
8. }
9. </style>
10. </head>
11. <body>
12. <h1>Hello Javatpoint.com</h1>
13. <h2>Hello Javatpoint.com (In smaller font)</h2>
14. <p>This is a paragraph.</p>
15. </body>
16. </html>
Test it Now
Output:
Hello Javatpoint.com
Hello Javatpoint.com (In smaller font)
This is a paragraph.
1. Inline CSS
2. Internal CSS
3. External CSS
1) Inline CSS
Inline CSS is used to apply CSS on a single line or element.
For example:
2) Internal CSS
Internal CSS is used to apply CSS on a single document or page. It can affect all the
elements of the page. It is written inside the style tag within head section of html.
For example:
1. <style>
2. p{color:blue}
3. </style>
3) External CSS
External CSS is used to apply CSS on multiple pages or all pages. Here, we write all the CSS
code in a css file. Its extension must be .css for example style.css.
For example:
1. p{color:blue}
You need to link this style.css file to your html pages like this:
1. Inline CSS
2. Internal CSS
3. External CSS
1) Inline CSS
Inline CSS is used to apply CSS on a single line or element.
For example:
2) Internal CSS
Internal CSS is used to apply CSS on a single document or page. It can affect all the
elements of the page. It is written inside the style tag within head section of html.
For example:
1. <style>
2. p{color:blue}
3. </style>
3) External CSS
External CSS is used to apply CSS on multiple pages or all pages. Here, we write all the CSS
code in a css file. Its extension must be .css for example style.css.
For example:
1. p{color:blue}
You need to link this style.css file to your html pages like this:
Inline CSS
We can apply CSS in a single element by inline CSS technique.
The inline CSS is also a method to insert style sheets in HTML document. This method
mitigates some advantages of style sheets so it is advised to use this method sparingly.
If you want to use inline CSS, you should use the style attribute to the relevant tag.
Syntax:
Example:
Output:
o These styles are tough to be edited because they are not stored at a single place.
Internal CSS
The internal style sheet is used to add a unique style for a single document. It is defined in
<head> section of the HTML page inside the <style> tag.
Example:
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <style>
5. body {
6. background-color: linen;
7. }
8. h1 {
9. color: red;
10. margin-left: 80px;
11. }
12. </style>
13. </head>
14. <body>
15. <h1>The internal style sheet is applied on this heading.</h1>
16. <p>This paragraph will not be affected.</p>
17. </body>
18. </html>
External CSS
The external style sheet is generally used when you want to make changes on multiple
pages. It is ideal for this condition because it facilitates you to change the look of the entire
web site by changing just one file.
It uses the <link> tag on every pages and the <link> tag should be put inside the head
section.
Example:
1. <head>
2. <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css">
3. </head>
The external style sheet may be written in any text editor but must be saved with a .css
extension. This file should not contain HTML elements.
File: mystyle.css
1. body {
2. background-color: lightblue;
3. }
4. h1 {
5. color: navy;
6. margin-left: 20px;
7. }
Note: You should not use a space between the property value and the unit. For example: It
should be margin-left:20px not margin-left:20 px.
CSS Comments
CSS comments are generally written to explain your code. It is very helpful for the users
who reads your code so that they can easily understand the code.
Comments are single or multiple lines statement and written within /*............*/ .
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <style>
5. p {
6. color: blue;
7. /* This is a single-line comment */
8. text-align: center;
9. }
10. /* This is
11. a multi-line
12. comment */
13. </style>
14. </head>
15. <body>
16. <p>Hello Javatpoint.com</p>
17. <p>This statement is styled with CSS.</p>
18. <p>CSS comments are ignored by the browsers and not shown in the output.</p>
19. </body>
20. </html>
Test it Now
Output:
Hello Javatpoint.com
CSS comments are ignored by the browsers and not shown in the output.
CSS Background
CSS background property is used to define the background effects on element. There are 5
CSS background properties that affects the HTML elements:
1. background-color
2. background-image
3. background-repeat
4. background-attachment
5. background-position
1) CSS background-color
The background-color property is used to specify the background color of the element.
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <style>
5. h2,p{
6. background-color: #b0d4de;
7. }
8. </style>
9. </head>
10. <body>
11. <h2>My first CSS page.</h2>
12. <p>Hello Javatpoint. This is an example of CSS background-color.</p>
13. </body>
14. </html>
Test it Now
Output:
2) CSS background-image
The background-image property is used to set an image as a background of an element. By
default the image covers the entire element. You can set the background image for a page
like this.
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <style>
5. body {
6. background-image: url("paper1.gif");
7. margin-left:100px;
8. }
9. </style>
10. </head>
11. <body>
12. <h1>Hello Javatpoint.com</h1>
13. </body>
14. </html>
Test it Now
Note: The background image should be chosen according to text color. The bad combination
of text and background image may be a cause of poor designed and not readable webpage.
3) CSS background-repeat
By default, the background-image property repeats the background image horizontally and
vertically. Some images are repeated only horizontally or vertically.
background-repeat: repeat-x;
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <style>
5. body {
6. background-image: url("gradient_bg.png");
7. background-repeat: repeat-x;
8. }
9. </style>
10. </head>
11. <body>
12. <h1>Hello Javatpoint.com</h1>
13. </body>
14. </html>
Test it Now
background-repeat: repeat-y;
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <style>
5. body {
6. background-image: url("gradient_bg.png");
7. background-repeat: repeat-y;
8. }
9. </style>
10. </head>
11. <body>
12. <h1>Hello Javatpoint.com</h1>
13. </body>
14. </html>
Test it Now
4) CSS background-attachment
The background-attachment property is used to specify if the background image is fixed or
scroll with the rest of the page in browser window. If you set fixed the background image
then the image will not move during scrolling in the browser. Let?s take an example with
fixed background image.
1. background: white url('bbb.gif');
2. background-repeat: no-repeat;
3. background-attachment: fixed;
Test it Now
5) CSS background-position
The background-position property is used to define the initial position of the background
image. By default, the background image is placed on the top-left of the webpage.
1. center
2. top
3. bottom
4. left
5. right
CSS Border
The CSS border is a shorthand property used to set the border on an element.
The CSS border properties are use to specify the style, color and size of the border of an
element. The CSS border properties are given below
o border-style
o border-color
o border-width
o border-radius
1) CSS border-style
The Border style property is used to specify the border type which you want to display on
the web page.
There are some border style values which are used with border-style property to define a
border.
Value Description
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <style>
5. p.none {border-style: none;}
6. p.dotted {border-style: dotted;}
7. p.dashed {border-style: dashed;}
8. p.solid {border-style: solid;}
9. p.double {border-style: double;}
10. p.groove {border-style: groove;}
11. p.ridge {border-style: ridge;}
12. p.inset {border-style: inset;}
13. p.outset {border-style: outset;}
14. p.hidden {border-style: hidden;}
15. </style>
16. </head>
17. <body>
18. <p class="none">No border.</p>
19. <p class="dotted">A dotted border.</p>
20. <p class="dashed">A dashed border.</p>
21. <p class="solid">A solid border.</p>
22. <p class="double">A double border.</p>
23. <p class="groove">A groove border.</p>
24. <p class="ridge">A ridge border.</p>
25. <p class="inset">An inset border.</p>
26. <p class="outset">An outset border.</p>
27. <p class="hidden">A hidden border.</p>
28. </body>
29. </html>
Test it Now
Output:
No border.
A dotted border.
A dashed border.
A solid border.
A double border.
A groove border.
A ridge border.
An inset border.
An outset border.
A hidden border.
2) CSS border-width
The border-width property is used to set the border's width. It is set in pixels. You can also
use the one of the three pre-defined values, thin, medium or thick to set the width of the
border.
Note: The border-width property is not used alone. It is always used with other border
properties like "border-style" property to set the border first otherwise it will not work.
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <style>
5. p.one {
6. border-style: solid;
7. border-width: 5px;
8. }
9. p.two {
10. border-style: solid;
11. border-width: medium;
12. }
13. p.three {
14. border-style: solid;
15. border-width: 1px;
16. }
17. </style>
18. </head>
19. <body>
20. <p class="one">Write your text here.</p>
21. <p class="two">Write your text here.</p>
22. <p class="three">Write your text here.</p>
23. </body>
24. </html>
Test it Now
3) CSS border-color
There are three methods to set the color of the border.
o RGB: It specifies the RGB value of the color. For example: "rgb(255,0,0)".
o Hex: It specifies the hex value of the color. For example: "#ff0000".
There is also a border color named "transparent". If the border color is not set it is inherited
from the color property of the element.
Note: The border-color property is not used alone. It is always used with other border
properties like "border-style" property to set the border first otherwise it will not work.
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <style>
5. p.one {
6. border-style: solid;
7. border-color: red;
8. }
9. p.two {
10. border-style: solid;
11. border-color: #98bf21;
12. }
13. </style>
14. </head>
15. <body>
16. <p class="one">This is a solid red border</p>
17. <p class="two">This is a solid green border</p>
18. </body>
19. </html>
CSS Display
CSS display is the most important property of CSS which is used to control the layout of the
element. It specifies how the element is displayed.
Every element has a default display value according to its nature. Every element on the
webpage is a rectangular box and the CSS property defines the behavior of that rectangular
box.
inherited no
animation supporting no
version css1
Syntax
1. display:value;
1. display: inline;
2. display: inline-block;
3. display: block;
4. display: run-in;
5. display: none;
o <a>
o <em>
o <b> etc.
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <style>
5. p {
6. display: inline;
7. }
8. </style>
9. </head>
10. <body>
11. <p>Hello Javatpoint.com</p>
12. <p>Java Tutorial.</p>
13. <p>SQL Tutorial.</p>
14. <p>HTML Tutorial.</p>
15. <p>CSS Tutorial.</p>
16. </body>
17. </html>
Test it Now
Output:
Hello Javatpoint.com Java Tutorial. SQL Tutorial. HTML Tutorial. CSS Tutorial.
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <style>
5. p {
6. display: inline-block;
7. }
8. </style>
9. </head>
10. <body>
11. <p>Hello Javatpoint.com</p>
12. <p>Java Tutorial.</p>
13. <p>SQL Tutorial.</p>
14. <p>HTML Tutorial.</p>
15. <p>CSS Tutorial.</p>
16. </body>
17. </html>
Test it Now
Output:
Hello Javatpoint.com Java Tutorial. SQL Tutorial. HTML Tutorial. CSS Tutorial.
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <style>
5. p {
6. display: block;
7. }
8. </style>
9. </head>
10. <body>
11. <p>Hello Javatpoint.com</p>
12. <p>Java Tutorial.</p>
13. <p>SQL Tutorial.</p>
14. <p>HTML Tutorial.</p>
15. <p>CSS Tutorial.</p>
16. </body>
17. </html>
Test it Now
Output:
Hello Javatpoint.com
Java Tutorial.
SQL Tutorial.
HTML Tutorial.
CSS Tutorial.
o If the block box follows the run-in box, the run-in box becomes the first inline box of
the block box.
o If the inline box follows the run-in box, the run-in box becomes a block box.
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <style>
5. p {
6. display: run-in;
7. }
8. </style>
9. </head>
10. <body>
11. <p>Hello Javatpoint.com</p>
12. <p>Java Tutorial.</p>
13. <p>SQL Tutorial.</p>
14. <p>HTML Tutorial.</p>
15. <p>CSS Tutorial.</p>
16. </body>
17. </html>
Test it Now
Output:
Hello Javatpoint.com
Java Tutorial.
SQL Tutorial.
HTML Tutorial.
CSS Tutorial.
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <style>
5. h1.hidden {
6. display: none;
7. }
8. </style>
9. </head>
10. <body>
11. <h1>This heading is visible.</h1>
12. <h1 class="hidden">This is not visible.</h1>
13. <p>You can see that the hidden heading does not contain any space.</p>
14. </body>
15. </html>
Test it Now
Output:
Property-value Description
To understand its purpose and origin, let's take a look to its print display. In the print
display, image is set into the page such that text wraps around it as needed.
How it works
Elements are floated only horizontally. So it is possible only to float elements left or right,
not up or down.
1. A floated element may be moved as far to the left or the right as possible. Simply, it
means that a floated element can display at extreme left or extreme right.
2. The elements after the floating element will flow around it.
4. If the image floated to the right, the texts flow around it, to the left and if the image
floated to the left, the text flows around it, to the right.
clear The clear property is used to avoid elements after the floating elements which left, rig
flow around it. inherit
float It specifies whether the box should float or not. left, rig
none It specifies that the element is not floated, and will be displayed just where it occurs in the te
default value.
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <style>
5. img {
6. float: right;
7. }
8. </style>
9. </head>
10. <body>
11. <p>The following paragraph contains an image with style
12. <b>float:right</b>. The result is that the image will float to the right in the paragraph.</
p>
13. <img src="good-morning.jpg" alt="Good Morning Friends"/>
14. This is some text. This is some text. This is some text.
15. This is some text. This is some text. This is some text.
16. This is some text. This is some text. This is some text.
17. This is some text. This is some text. This is some text.
18. This is some text. This is some text. This is some text.
19. This is some text. This is some text. This is some text.
20. This is some text. This is some text. This is some text.
21. This is some text. This is some text. This is some text.
22. This is some text. This is some text. This is some text.
23. This is some text. This is some text. This is some text.
24. This is some text. This is some text. This is some text.
25. This is some text. This is some text. This is some text.
26. This is some text. This is some text. This is some text.
27. </p>
28. </body>
29. </html>
CSS Font
CSS Font property is used to control the look of texts. By the use of CSS font property you
can change the text size, color, style and more. You have already studied how to make text
bold or underlined. Here, you will also know how to resize your font using percentage.
1. CSS Font color: This property is used to change the color of the text. (standalone
attribute)
2. CSS Font family: This property is used to change the face of the font.
3. CSS Font size: This property is used to increase or decrease the size of the font.
4. CSS Font style: This property is used to make the font bold, italic or oblique.
6. CSS Font weight: This property is used to increase or decrease the boldness and
lightness of the font.
o By a color name
o By hexadecimal value
o By RGB
In the above example, we have defined all these formats.
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <style>
5. body {
6. font-size: 100%;
7. }
8. h1 { color: red; }
9. h2 { color: #9000A1; }
10. p { color:rgb(0, 220, 98); }
11. }
12. </style>
13. </head>
14. <body>
15. <h1>This is heading 1</h1>
16. <h2>This is heading 2</h2>
17. <p>This is a paragraph.</p>
18. </body>
19. </html>
Test it Now
Output:
This is heading 1
This is heading 2
This is a paragraph.
o Font family: It specifies the font family name like Arial, New Times Roman etc.
Serif: Serif fonts include small lines at the end of characters. Example of serif: Times new
roman, Georgia etc.
Sans-serif: A sans-serif font doesn't include the small lines at the end of characters.
Example of Sans-serif: Arial, Verdana etc.
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <style>
5. body {
6. font-size: 100%;
7. }
8. h1 { font-family: sans-serif; }
9. h2 { font-family: serif; }
10. p { font-family: monospace; }
11. }
12. </style>
13. </head>
14. <body>
15. <h1>This heading is shown in sans-serif.</h1>
16. <h2>This heading is shown in serif.</h2>
17. <p>This paragraph is written in monospace.</p>
18. </body>
19. </html>
Test it Now
Output:
These are the possible values that can be used to set the font size:
1. <html>
2. <head>
3. <title>Practice CSS font-size property</title>
4. </head>
5. <body>
6. <p style="font-size:xx-small;"> This font size is extremely small.</p>
7. <p style="font-size:x-small;"> This font size is extra small</p>
8. <p style="font-size:small;"> This font size is small</p>
9. <p style="font-size:medium;"> This font size is medium. </p>
10. <p style="font-size:large;"> This font size is large. </p>
11. <p style="font-size:x-large;"> This font size is extra large. </p>
12. <p style="font-size:xx-large;"> This font size is extremely large. </p>
13. <p style="font-size:smaller;"> This font size is smaller. </p>
14. <p style="font-size:larger;"> This font size is larger. </p>
15. <p style="font-size:200%;"> This font size is set on 200%. </p>
16. <p style="font-size:20px;"> This font size is 20 pixels. </p>
17. </body>
18. </html>
Test it Now
Output:
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <style>
5. body {
6. font-size: 100%;
7. }
8. h2 { font-style: italic; }
9. h3 { font-style: oblique; }
10. h4 { font-style: normal; }
11. }
12. </style>
13. </head>
14. <body>
15. <h2>This heading is shown in italic font.</h2>
16. <h3>This heading is shown in oblique font.</h3>
17. <h4>This heading is shown in normal font.</h4>
18. </body>
19. </html>
Test it Now
Output:
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <style>
5. p { font-variant: small-caps; }
6. h3 { font-variant: normal; }
7. </style>
8. </head>
9. <body>
10. <h3>This heading is shown in normal font.</h3>
11. <p>This paragraph is shown in small font.</p>
12. </body>
13. </html>
Test it Now
Output:
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <body>
4. <p style="font-weight:bold;">This font is bold.</p>
5. <p style="font-weight:bolder;">This font is bolder.</p>
6. <p style="font-weight:lighter;">This font is lighter.</p>
7. <p style="font-weight:100;">This font is 100 weight.</p>
8. <p style="font-weight:200;">This font is 200 weight.</p>
9. <p style="font-weight:300;">This font is 300 weight.</p>
10. <p style="font-weight:400;">This font is 400 weight.</p>
11. <p style="font-weight:500;">This font is 500 weight.</p>
12. <p style="font-weight:600;">This font is 600 weight.</p>
13. <p style="font-weight:700;">This font is 700 weight.</p>
14. <p style="font-weight:800;">This font is 800 weight.</p>
15. <p style="font-weight:900;">This font is 900 weight.</p>
16. </body>
17. </html>
Test it Now
Output: