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Learn Intermediate CSS - Learn Responsive Design Cheatsheet - Codecademy

The document discusses various CSS concepts related to responsive design including: 1) Using em units to set font sizes relative to the parent element, percentages to set heights and widths relative to the parent, and rem units to set font sizes relative to the root element. 2) The background-size property and cover value to size background images to fully cover their container. 3) Writing media queries using features like min-width, max-width, and resolution to apply CSS styles conditionally based on screen size and orientation. Ranges can also be targeted using min- and max- values.

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48 views

Learn Intermediate CSS - Learn Responsive Design Cheatsheet - Codecademy

The document discusses various CSS concepts related to responsive design including: 1) Using em units to set font sizes relative to the parent element, percentages to set heights and widths relative to the parent, and rem units to set font sizes relative to the root element. 2) The background-size property and cover value to size background images to fully cover their container. 3) Writing media queries using features like min-width, max-width, and resolution to apply CSS styles conditionally based on screen size and orientation. Ranges can also be targeted using min- and max- values.

Uploaded by

niti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cheatsheets / Learn Intermediate CSS

Learn Responsive Design


CSS unit em
em is a CSS unit used to create relatively-sized content. 1
em unit represents the base font size of the current .nav-container {

element.   font-size: 10px;


In the example code block, <span> elements nested

}
inside of elements with class nav-container will have a

font size of 15px .

.nav-container span {

  font-size: 1.5em; /* 10 x 1.5 = 15px */


Usage of Percentages in CSS


Instead of defining a fixed width using units like px , or
cm , percentages can be used in CSS to set the height .news-row {

and width of child elements relative to the dimensions of   height: 300px;


their parent. The child elements will grow or shrink

  width: 500px;
according to the set percentage values if the parent

}
element changes in size.

.news-row .news-column {

  height: 80%; /* 240px */


  width: 50%; /* 250px */


background-size: cover;
The CSS background-size property is used to specify the
size of the background image. When given the value
cover , like background-size:cover , the image covers the
complete background of the container in which it is being
displayed.
The proportions of the image are maintained, so if the
dimensions exceed the container’s, then some parts of
the image will be left out.
CSS unit rem
The CSS unit rem can be used to set the font size of
HTML elements relative to the font size of the root html {
element. 1 rem represents the size of the base font   font-size: 18px;
within the root element - the <html> tag. }
In the example code block, the font size for all the
<span> elements will be twice the size of the font size
span {
declared for the root element.
  font-size: 2rem;
}

Media Type in Media Queries


When writing media queries in CSS we use the only
keyword to specify the type of device. Initially, CSS @media only screen and (min-width: 600px)
incorporated a variety of media types such as screen , {
print and handheld . In order to ensure responsive     /* ruleset for >= 600px */
design and to accommodate a variety of screen sizes the }
keyword screen is now always used for displaying
content.

And Operator Media Queries


Through using the and operator when writing media
queries in CSS, we can specify that multiple media @media only screen and (max-width: 480px)
features are required. For example we could require a and (min-resolution: 300dpi) {

certain width as well as a specific resolution for a CSS     /* CSS ruleset */
ruleset to apply. The and operator when chaining

}
together multiple media features allows us to be more

specific with the screens that we are targeting as we build


responsive designs.

css media query


A CSS media query can be used to adapt a website’s
display and layout to different screen sizes. A media query /* For screen sizes less than or equal to
begins with the @media keyword and is followed by one 480px (most likely a mobile device), the
or more conditions that check screen size, orientation, body element's font size will be set to
resolution, and/or other properties. If these conditions 12px and the #photo element's width will
are met, all CSS rules within the media query will be
be set to 100% */
applied to the page. Media queries are used for

@media only screen and (max-width: 480px)


responsive web design by tailoring specific stylesheets to
{
different types of devices such as laptops, tablets,

mobiles, and more.


  body {

    font-size: 12px;

  }

  

  #photo {

    width: 100%;

  }

CSS Media Features in Media Queries


Media queries in web development ensure that a website
design is responsive. It does so through creating tailored
style sheets based on the resolution of the device that it
is displayed upon. The browser will detect the screen size
and apply the CSS styles for that screen size based on
specified media features. Media queries can set rules
based on features like the screen width, the screen
resolution and device orientation. These media rules can
be separated by commas. When one of the media rules is
true then the accompanying CSS will apply.

Ranges in Media Queries


Media queries can use CSS to target screen sizes within a
certain range through using multiple widths and/or @media only screen and (min-width: 480px)
heights. This is an effective tool for responsive design that and (max-width: 600px) {
will address a variety of screen sizes in one CSS media

    /* ruleset for 480px - 600px */


query. In order to set a range for width or the height, set

}
the minimum screen size through using min-width

and/or min-height and then set the maximum through


using max-width or max-height . These properties are
used in combination with the and operator.

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