12/07/2022, 10:43 Download - Wikipedia
Download
In computer networks, download means to
receive data from a remote system, typically a
server[1] such as a web server, an FTP server, an
email server, or other similar system. This
contrasts with uploading, where data is sent to a
remote server.
A download is a file offered for
downloading or that has been downloaded, or the Three generic symbols for downloading
process of receiving such a file.[2]
Contents
Definition
Copyright
Litigations in European Union
See also
References
External links
Definition
Downloading generally transfers entire files for local storage
and later use, as contrasted with streaming, where the data is
used nearly immediately, while the transmission is still in
progress, and which may not be stored long-term. Websites
that offer streaming media or media displayed in-browser, such
as YouTube, increasingly place restrictions on the ability of
users to save these materials to their computers after they have
been received.
Downloading is not the same as data transfer; moving or Download data is sent downstream
copying data between two storage devices would be data to an end-user, upstream from the
transfer, but receiving data from the Internet or BBS is provider. ISP = internet service
downloading. provider.
Copyright
Downloading media files involves the use of linking and framing Internet material, and relates to
copyright law. Streaming and downloading can involve making copies of works that infringe on
copyrights or other rights, and organizations running such websites may become vicariously liable
for copyright infringement by causing others to do so.[3]
Open hosting servers allows people to upload files to a central server, which incurs bandwidth and
hard disk space costs due to files generated with each download. Anonymous and open hosting
servers make it difficult to hold hosts accountable. Taking legal action against the technologies
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behind unauthorized "file sharing" has proven successful for centralized networks like Napster, and
untenable for decentralized networks like Gnutella or BitTorrent. The leading YouTube audio-
ripping site agreed to shut down after being sued by a huge coalition of recording labels.[4]
Downloading and streaming relates to the more general usage of the Internet to facilitate copyright
infringement also known as "software piracy". As overt static hosting to unauthorized copies of
works (i.e. centralized networks) is often quickly and uncontroversially rebuffed, legal issues have
in recent years tended to deal with the usage of dynamic web technologies (decentralized networks,
trackerless BitTorrents) to circumvent the ability of copyright owners to directly engage particular
distributors and consumers.
Litigations in European Union
In Europe, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has ruled that it is legal to create
temporary or cached copies of works (copyrighted or otherwise) online.[5][6] The ruling relates to
the British Meltwater case settled on 5 June 2014.[7][8]
The judgement of the court states that: "Article 5 of Directive 2001/29/EC of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright
and related rights in the information society must be interpreted as meaning that the copies on the
user’s computer screen and the copies in the internet ‘cache’ of that computer's hard disk, made by
an end-user in the course of viewing a website, satisfy the conditions that those copies must be
temporary, that they must be transient or incidental in nature and that they must constitute an
integral and essential part of a technological process, as well as the conditions laid down in Article
5(5) of that directive, and that they may therefore be made without the authorisation of the
copyright holders."[9]
On April 17, 2009, a Swedish court convicted four men operating The Pirate Bay Internet site of
criminal copyright infringement.[10] The Pirate Bay was established in 2003 by the Swedish anti-
copyright organization Piratbyrån to provide information needed to download film or music files
from third parties, many of whom copied the files without permission. The Pirate Bay does not
store copies of the files on its own servers, but did provide peer-to-peer links to other servers on
which infringing copies were stored. Apparently the theory of the prosecution was that the
defendants, by their conduct, actively induced infringement. Under U.S. copyright law, this would
be a so-called Grokster theory of infringement liability.[11]
The Swedish district court imposed damages of SEK 30 million ($3,600,000) and one-year prison
sentences on the four defendants. "The defendants have furthered the crimes that the file sharers
have committed," said district court judge Tomas Norstöm. He added, "They have been helpful to
such an extent that they have entered into the field of criminal liability." "We are of course going to
appeal," defense lawyer Per Samuelsson said. The Pirate Bay has 25 million users and is considered
one of the biggest file-sharing websites in the world. It is conceded that The Pirate Bay does not
itself make copies or store files, but the court did not consider that fact dispositive. "By providing a
website with ... well-developed search functions, easy uploading and storage possibilities, and with
a tracker linked to the website, the accused have incited the crimes that the filesharers have
committed," the court said in a statement.[12]
See also
Bandwidth
Copyright aspects of hyperlinking and framing
Download manager
Digital distribution
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HADOPI law
Music download
Peer-to-peer
Sideloading
References
1. "What is downloading? - Even Michael Lizio can do it. Definition from WhatIs.com" (https://web.
archive.org/web/20190905142601/https://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/download
ing). SearchNetworkNexting. Archived from the original (http://searchnetworking.techtarget.co
m/definition/downloading) on 2019-09-05. Retrieved 2013-03-16.
2. Sherry Ess (2017-07-01). "Automated HID File Download Tool" (https://dx.doi.org/10.1094/grow
-cot-07-17-109). Grow: Plant Health Exchange. doi:10.1094/grow-cot-07-17-109 (https://doi.or
g/10.1094%2Fgrow-cot-07-17-109). Retrieved 2021-07-16.
3. "Support for tdown.cc MP3 Audio Recording Software" (https://tdown.cc/). Free MP3 Audio
Download for Windows. Retrieved 2021-04-08.
4. "Support for Notmp3.com MP3 Audio Recording Software" (https://notmp3.com/help/). Free
MP3 Audio Recorder Software Download for Windows. Retrieved 2021-04-08.
5. "Good news everyone: after 5 years, we now know that what we do every day is legal…No,
seriously" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141220060738/http://copyright4creativity.eu/2014/06/
13/good-news-everyone-after-5-years-we-now-know-that-what-we-do-every-day-is-legal-no-ser
iously/). Copyright for Creativity. 13 June 2014. Archived from the original (http://copyright4crea
tivity.eu/2014/06/13/good-news-everyone-after-5-years-we-now-know-that-what-we-do-every-d
ay-is-legal-no-seriously/) on 20 December 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
6. "CJEU Judgment: No Copyright Infringement in Mere Web Viewing" (http://www.scl.org/site.asp
x?i=ne37471). Society for Computers and Law. 5 June 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
7. Meyer, David (5 June 2014). "You can't break copyright by looking at something online,
Europe's top court rules" (https://gigaom.com/2014/06/05/you-cant-break-copyright-by-looking-
at-something-online-europes-top-court-rules/). Gigaom.
8. Smith, Chris. "Pirating copyrighted content is legal in Europe, if done correctly" (https://bgr.com/
2014/06/05/streaming-movies-and-tv-shows-for-free/). bgr.com. Boy Genius Report. Retrieved
5 June 2014.
9. "Case C‑360/13" (http://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document_print.jsf;jsessionid=9ea7d2d
c30d5306c74c20c5b45538245c60808b63951.e34KaxiLc3qMb40Rch0SaxuNbxr0?doclang=E
N&text=&pageIndex=0&part=1&mode=DOC&docid=153302&occ=first&dir=&cid=93105). Court
of Justice of the European Union. Court of Justice of the European Union. Retrieved
20 December 2014.
10. See Times Online (http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article6
115341.ece).
11. See Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd., 545 U.S. 913 (2005).
12. Kultur & Nöje (http://www.dn.se/kultur-noje/musik/the-pirate-bay-sentenced-to-one-year-in-priso
n-1.846915)
External links
Media related to Download icons at Wikimedia Commons
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Download&oldid=1092123705"
This page was last edited on 8 June 2022, at 09:09 (UTC).
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