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2. Provide Material regarding every topic
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5. Conduct Weekly Tests
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CSS 2000
Attempt FOUR questions in all.
1. Describe the characteristic features of Public Administration and highlight the strengths and
weaknesses of governmental machinery in Pakistan. (20)
2. Give a comprehensive account of Behavioral School of thought in administration. How can it
be made instrumental for good governance in Pakistan? (20)
3. Explain the meaning of Ecology. Suggest ecological changes which may improve the
performance of the bureaucracy of Pakistan. (20)
4. Differentiate between the roles and functions of political and administrative leadership. How
can we reconcile the conflict between political and administrative leadership? (20)
5. A fair, free and transparent system of accountability is a pre-requisite of public administration
in a democratic state. Identify the causes and suggest remedies for the failure of system of
accountability during the democratic regimes in Pakistan. (20)
6. What structural changes would you suggest to change the orientation of public personnel
management in Pakistan from ruling elite to serving civil servants to achieve the objectives of
poverty alleviation and development? (20)
7. Accounting and & auditing system of financial administration in Pakistan has almost collapsed
as it has failed to control financial corruption. Suggest modern managerial methods to check the
leakage of funds in the public sector organizations. (20)
8. Write short notes on any TWO topics: (10 each)
(a) Problems of coordination in public administration of Pakistan
(b) Role of Executive, Legislature & Judiciary in public administration
(c) Types of communication.
(d) Requirements for Good Governance

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CSS 2001
Attempt any FOUR questions in all.
1. Critically examine the role, of bureaucracy, in good governance in general and with particular
reference to Pakistan. (20)
2. Compare and contrast the closed and open career system models. Which of these two models
best explain the career system of public bureaucracy in Pakistan? (20)
3. Discuss the structure and functions of district government under the new system of local
government being implemented by the present regime in Pakistan. (20)
4. Define the notion of good governance. Discuss the scope and functions of public administration
within the framework of governance. (20)
5. Explain Max Weber's theory of bureaucracy. In your opinion, has bureaucracy outlived its
usefulness? Why or why not? (20)
6. Discuss the role of government in human resource management at enterprise level with
particular reference to Pakistan. (20)
7. Define the term "Privatization’ in the context of Pakistan. How can privatization be useful in
transforming the manufacturing and service sector of Pakistan? Answer this question in the light
of the Privatization policy of Government of Pakistan. (20)
8. Write short notes on any TWO topics: (10 each)
(a) Public choice theory.
(b) Politics - Administration Dichotomy
(c) Devolution and Good Governance
(d) Scientific Management.

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CSS 2002
1. Discuss how good governance can be introduced in the Bureaucracy of Pakistan and used as an
instrument of rapid economic growth. (20)
2. Discuss how an integrated approach to various schools of thought of management can be
applied, by the present-day administrators, for the success of their organizations? (20)
3. Compare the Executive Leadership in Pakistan with its political leadership. How the later can
further be improved. (20)
4. Critically examine the planning process and machinery in Pakistan. (20)
5. Why the recently introduced reforms by the Government of Pakistan are severely criticized by
some of the Government Servants, suggest remedies for improvement. (20)
6. Discuss the Organizational and functional setup of the Federal and Provincial Governments in
Pakistan. How their relationship can further be strengthened. (20)
7. Write short notes on any TWO of the following: (10 each)
a) Crises in public corporation of Pakistan.
b) Communication breakdown in organization
c) Budget as control device
d) Coordination methods.

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CSS 2003
1. Discuss three major issues in Public Administration theory and practice. State clearly your
position on these issues and support your viewpoint with examples. (20)
2. What is Public Policy? Explain the policy process and discuss various types of policy with
examples from Pakistan. (20)
3. What is administrative law? Discuss the principles and practice of administrative law in
Pakistan. (20)
4. What is New Public Management? To what extent NPM explains the administrative reforms in
Pakistan which have been undertaken in the last few years? Discuss with examples. (20)
5. Discuss and review the management of Fiscal and administrative relations between the federal
government and provincial governments in Pakistan. (20)
6. Compare and contrast Taylor’s Scientific Management and Weber’s Bureaucracy. Do you think
these two theories are still relevant to changing Public Administration? (20)
7. Write notes on any TWO of the following: (10 each)
a) Role of Civil Society in Public Administration
b) Administrative Culture of Pakistan
c) Administrative Ethics
d) Politics – Administration dichotomy

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CSS 2004
1. Public Administration is detailed and systematic application of law. Every particular application
of law is an act of administration. (Woodrow Wilson) Discuss the scope of public administration
in the light of above statement. (20)
2. The administrative accountability of the public services is done under two heads that is internal
and external control in Pakistan. (20)
3. Elaborate these in detail. The administrative leadership needs three bases to securely build up
namely personal, political and institutional”. Do you agree with this statement? Explain. (20)
4. What is deficit financing and deficit budgeting? Is deficit financing is a boon or curse. Discuss.
(20)
5. Describe the scope of personnel administration with special reference to aristocratic system of
personnel administration. (20)
6. What is administrative planning? Explain it in the light of personnel and techniques. (20)
7. Write in detail the main hindrances of effective communication. Can these be remedied? (20)

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CSS 2005
1. In a democratic state, government is said to be the WILL of the people in action. This concept
has widened the scope of Public Administration. What should be the new role of public
administrator, as per expectations of the people? (20)
2. In democracy, political neutrality of civil servants is only a normative value. They have to
endorse and follow the policies of the ruling party as they cannot afford to act otherwise. Discuss
and suggest remedies. (20)
3. Briefly explain the characteristics of bureaucracy as indicated by Max Weber. Critically
examine, whether these characteristics are relevant to modern times and should be maintained?
(20)
4. What are various methods of legislative control over executive in Pakistan? Why these controls
are not so effective and taken lightly by the bureaucracy? (20)
5. Public Corporations are created because government departments are not conducive to initiative
and flexibility required in modern times. Discuss as to what extent these objectives have been
achieved by public corporations in Pakistan. Give examples, where possible. (20)
6. Briefly discuss the role of various agencies of fiscal management in the government of Pakistan.
What are the benefits of Financial Advisors Scheme introduced in the Federal Ministries? (20)
7. Write short notes on any Four of the following: (5 each)
(a) Taylor's Scientific Management
(b) Elton Mayo's Hawthorn Experiments
(c) Management by Objectives (MBO)
(d) Administrative Law
(e) E-Government
(f) Ombudsman

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CSS 2006
1. It has been said that "Administration is the most obvious part of government; it is government
in action; it is the executive, the operative, the most visible side of the government and is of course
as old as government itself." Discuss the above statement in light of the theory and practice of
Public Administration. (20)
2. Fredrick W Taylor is considered the originator of the scientific management movement. Explain
the principle of scientific management propounded by him. (20)
3. Work is accomplished by the employees who have not yet reached their level of incompetence.
Explain in the light of structure and operation of hierarchies in government. (20)
4. What is Bureaucracy? Why is it so important to the effective functioning of organization?
Explain in the light of Max Weber's theory of Bureaucracy. (20)
5. What is the importance of Public Private Partnership in Effective Governance? Discuss the
concept of Public Private Partnership with example from Pakistan. (20)
6. Explain the salient features of National Accountability Strategy as prepared by the National
Accountability Bureau. Can it be called a complete strategy of Effective Governance? (20)
7. Explain briefly the Devolution Program of the Government. Highlight its strengths and
weaknesses. (20)

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CSS 2007
1. Discuss the general problems comprising the elements of public administration in detail. (20)
2. The bureaucracy in many developing countries has played a considerable part as a change agent
in modernizing and development. Why is bureaucracy lacking in this respect in Pakistan?
Elaborate. (20)
3. The long experience of the leading countries of the world suggests certain principles to which
budget-making should conform. What are those important principles? Describe briefly. (20)
4. One of the writers on planning Mr. Pfeiffer points out that the constitution of a country is a plan.
Every planning and purposeful activity is preceded by preparation for action. Do you agree with
this statement? Discuss. (20)
5. The excessive zeal for scientific management which arose as a corollary to the merit system has
produced adverse effect on administration but civil service has become synonymous to merit
system. Describe briefly the merit system and its advantages. (20)
6. The judicial remedies and accountability for the citizen of the country against the abuse of power
has become prevalent in the modern time. What are those remedies? Elaborate. (20)
7. The professional ethics and consciousness is a sort of built-in control mechanism and it prompts
the administrative leadership to maintain high standard of efficiency and integrity. Do you agree
with this statement? Discuss. (20)

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CSS 2008
1. It is said ‘Public Administration is nothing less than the whole government in action'. What is
your view about the nature of public administration? (20)
2. The Hawthorne studies played a significant role in changing the dominant view at the time the
employees were no different from any other machines that the organization used." Discuss human
relation movement with particular emphasis on the Hawthorne studies? (20)
3. Bureaucratic power is not the same as administration effectiveness. A powerful bureaucracy is
administratively weak". What are your reasons for agreement or disagreement with the statement?
(20)
4. The CSP officers were accused of harboring a colonial mentality, of being little more "Brown
Englishmen's in the conduct of duties. Do you agree with this observation, comment? (20)
5. Discuss various styles of leadership? What style of leader you prefer? Justify your preference?
(20)
6. Explain the new administrative setup under Local Government Ordinance 2001. How far it
affected the efficiency of Bureaucracy? (20)
7. Analyze the Recruitment and training process of Central and Provincial Service? (20)

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CSS 2009
1. Write a short essay on the intellectual history of Public Administration. (20)
2. Bureaucracy and Democracy are antithetical. Bureaucracy is hierarchical, elitist, specializing
and informed while democracy is communal, pluralist, generalizing and ill informed. Keeping in
mind the quantum of expectations in Pakistan and the reality of the civic culture discuss the above
statement. (20)
3. Public Administration is a broad ranging and amorphous mix of theory and practice. The
purpose of Public Administration is to frame a superior understanding of government and its
relationship with the society it governs, as well as to promote public policies responsive to social
needs. Public Administration also institutes managerial practices attuned to effectiveness,
efficiencies, and a deeper human requisite of the citizenry. Discuss. (200
4. How and why governments implement public programmes by hiring the private sector to do
work for them. In writing your answer, also discuss the concepts of privatization and public private
partnership. (20)
5. Domestic public policy is implemented not merely by government but by governments. The
administration of a single public policy often involves a medley of funding sources and public
administrators interacting through all the three levels of governments. Please comment on the
strength of inter- government relations i.e., financial, legal. Political and administrative
relationship that exist among the various governments units of aid government in Pakistan. (20)
6. The judicial remedies and accountability for the citizens of the country against the abuse of
power has become prevalent in the modern time. What are those remedies? (20)
7. Explain the system of project planning in the government of Pakistan and how does it extend to
the provinces and local governments? (20)

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CSS 2010
1. Define Public Administration. Explain and justify your definition in comparison with various
other competing definitions of Public Administration. Do you think Public Administration is
different from business administration both in theory and practice? (20)
2. Comparatively evaluate Taylor's scientific management & Weber's ideal bureaucracy and
discuss. (20)
3. Compare & Contrast the Bureaucratic model with New Public Management (NPM). Do you
think NPM has replaced the bureaucratic approach to Public Administration? Support your views
with examples from Pakistan. (20)
4. Compare & Contrast rational, incremental and NPM approach to decision making in Public
Administration. Explain your views with examples from Pakistan. (20)
5. What is good governance? Explain the role of Public Administration in good governance
particularly with reference to Pakistan? (20)
6. Human Resource Management (HRM) is a contemporary approach to managing people in
business org. What are the salient features of HRM model? Do you think this model is being
applied to reform personnel system in Pakistan? (20)
7. Discuss the functions and organizational structure of federal govt. of Pakistan including
administrative relations between federal ministries and federal bodies such as commissions,
authorities, boards & state- owned enterprises. (20)

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CSS 2011
1. Public Administration refers to the implementation of public policy. Discuss in detail. (20)
2. Parliamentary oversight of the executive is an important aspect of any democratic system. How
is this role being exercised by the Parliament in Pakistan? What recommendations would you
suggest for making this role more effective? (20)
3. In any organization, motivation of employees is essential to enhance productivity and for
efficient achievement of the organizational goals. Explain the concept of motivation giving
reference to Weber's hierarchy of needs theory. (20)
4. Discuss Max Weber's concept of Ideal Type of Bureaucracy. How does it differ from the existing
public bureaucracy in Pakistan? (20)
5. Explain the concept of Good Governance. How can good governance ensure efficient and
effective public service delivery at the grass roots level in Pakistan? (20)
6. The flow and management of funds is the lifeblood of our system of Public Administration.
Explain the government’s budgetary system. Is it an inherently political process? (20)
7. Write short notes on any FOUR topics: (5 each)
(a) E-government in Pakistan
(b) Judicial activism
(c) F. Taylor's, Scientific Management Theory
(d) Theory-X & Theory-Y
(e) New Public Management Concept

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CSS 2012
1. Give a precise but comprehensive account of major schools of thoughts in administration. Also
compare and contrast Taylor's Management and Human Relations. (20)
2. Explain the basic theme and theoretical bases of the 'New Public Management'. What are the
different mechanisms that have used in pursuing NPM goals by the governments in different parts
of the world, especially in Pakistan? (20)
3. Analyse McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. Do you agree with the view that with every
passing year, McGregor's message has become more relevant and more important? Substantiate
your answer. (20)
4. What is performance budgeting? Bring out its merits, limitations and difficulties. (20)
5. Critically examine the Weberian model of bureaucracy. Do you think its characteristics are still
relevant to changing Public Administration and should be maintained? (20)
6. Accountability and Control are the essential aspects of Public Administration in Democratic
Government'. Explain. Also suggest means for strengthening the system of administrative
accountability in Pakistan. (20)
7. Write short notes on any TWO topics: (10 each)
(a) Planning Machinery in Pakistan.
(b) The system of Public Personnel Management in Pakistan.
(c) The organization of Federal and Provincial government in Pakistan
(d) Problems of co-ordination in Public Administration in Pakistan.

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CSS 2013
1. What is planning? Why are the disadvantages of planning called potential disadvantages?
Outline the relationship among the six steps in the planning process. (20)
2. Discuss the role of social media in implementing public accountability in the developing
societies like Pakistan. (20)
3. Transactional & transformational leadership styles are suggested for political leader. Which one
is better for Pakistan and why? (20)
4. What are the communications issued for the Citizen-Government relationship in Pakistan? (20)
5. What is the difference between power and authority? Describe the role of power in the control
process. (20)
6. Elaborate the interference of Hallo Effect and Stereotyping in the recruitment of knowledge
workers? (20)
7. Write notes on any TWO of the following: (10 each)
(a) Role of public administration in modern welfare state.
(b) Ecology of Bureaucracy
(c) Problems of co-ordination in Public Administration in Pakistan.
(d) Performance Budgeting

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CSS 2014
1. Define Public Administration and discuss its nature and scope. Critically examine the challenges
of Public Administration in the 21st Century with reference to Pakistan. (20)
2. Describe a situation in which each of the following types of leadership is appropriate:
(a) Authoritarian (b) Democratic (c) Benevolent Autocrat (d) Laissez- Faire (20)
3. Discuss the salient feature of the system of Public personnel Management of Pakistan and
critically examine the needs to evolve the Human Resource Management in Public Sector of
Pakistan from an administrative and operational role to a strategic one. (20)
4. Describe Max Weber's ideal type of Bureaucracy and discuss its applications in the Modern
society. What are its dysfunctions and how these can be overcome to enhance efficiency and
effectiveness in the public sector of Pakistan? (20)
5. Discuss Herzberg's Two factor theory of motivation and examine its application in the context
of Public Administration in Pakistan. (20)
6. Critically examine the control mechanisms and process in Pakistan and suggest measures to
strengthen the system to overcome maladministration and corruption. (20)
7. Write short notes on any TWO topics: (10 each)
(a) Woodrow Wilson's contribution to Public Administration
(b) Planning process in Pakistan
(c) Zero Based Budgeting

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CSS 2015
1. Discuss public administration and discuss the commonalities and differences between public
and private administration. (20)
2. Critically examine the structure and functions of public corporations. What are the major causes
of widespread inefficiencies in the public sector enterprises of Pakistan? (20)
3. Describe the basic elements of good Governance and evaluate the role of media and civil society
institutions in improving the performance of government. (20)
4. What is meant by personnel administration? What critical issues need to be taken care of in
devising efficient system of personnel management? (20)
5. Describe the powers and functions of ombudsman office in Pakistan and examine its role in
controlling administrative injustices to the common citizen. (20)
6. Despite the plethora of controlling institutions, administrative accountability is still a pipe dream
in Pakistan; why? (20)
7. Describe the system of auditing in Pakistan and examine its role in combating corruption and
financial miss-management in government departments.(20)

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CSS 2016
1. The government is seized the objective of implanting civil service reform in order to create a
structure that is more efficient and responsive. Suggest how the government should balance its
strategy between the effort to improve the personnel as well as the organization and methods of its
government offices. (20)
2. It is easier to make a constitution than to run it. Discuss in the light of Politics Administration
dichotomy. (20)
3. Today Public Administration in Pakistan seems to be in a state of prolonged and slow moving
crisis, seemingly lacking coherent paradigm and conceptual framework. Discuss this statement
with arguments for and against. (20)
4. Governamental Budgets remain an area of general concern as well as controversy. Considerable
attention is given to taxation and other sources of governamental revenues. Discuss the federal
budget process in Pakistan paying special attention to its ability to find governamental activity and
help regulate the economy’s business cycles. (20)
5. The Supreme Court in Pakistan asserts the right of Judicial Review. Explain how in the
development of Administrative Law the right of Judicial Review was first enforced by the U.S.
Supreme Court in 1803 in the case of Marboury V. Madison. (20)
6. Public Administration in Pakistan has penetrated the economy and society to such an extent it
brings into question how well public policies work & how they can be implemented better. In your
answer focus on the following two major ways of judging Policy Implementations. (20)
a) Policy Analysis the extent to which a policy achieves its objectives
b) Policy Evaluation whether implementation maximizes appropriate values.
7. Write short notes on any TWO topics: (10 each)
(a) Incremental budgeting
(b) Planning Programming Budget System
(c) Dissensus Budgeting

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CSS 2017
1. Appropriate separation of powers between the legislative, executive and judicial branches
ensure effective check and balance and hence accountable public administration. Discuss, the
statement in the light of historic Watergate Scandal, which forced Nixon to resign as head of public
bureaucracy. (20)
2. Privatization as a global phenomenon has major implications for Bureaucratic role and scope,
especially in state-dominated political system. Discuss, the statement with for or against
arguments. (20)
3. Discuss in detail the Prismatic-Sala model enunciated by Fred Riggs in order to evaluate the
under-developing society and its implications for public administration. (20)
4. Harnessing intrinsic motivation within the public servants is prelude to better public service
delivery and effective curb on corruption. Discuss the statement in the light of public service
motivation paradigm and its requisite ingredients enunciated by James L. Perry. (20)
5. Public sector innovation creates value for society either through new or improved processes or
services. Discuss factors which hamper procedural innovation in public sector in Pakistan. (20)
6. There are three major forms of administrative decentralization; deconcentration, delegation and
devolution each with different set of characteristics. Argue which one is the most suitable form
within the Pakistan’s socio-political context? (20)
7. Write substantive notes on any TWO of the following: (10each)
(a) Zero based budgeting
(b) Judicial Activism
(c) Social Policy

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CSS 2018
1. Traditional managerial approach to public administration stresses the need for rationality in
decision making. List and discuss the necessary steps to be taken to develop a rational
comprehensive model in decision making. Also give a specific, comprehensive and logical critique
of the same model. (20)
2. There is a point of view given by some scholars that traditional bureaucratically organized public
administration is broke, broken and inefficient and consequently the public has lost faith in
government institutions. The image of both the federal and provincial governments is feared badly.
Give your suggestions how to improve the systems, procedures, processes of government
institutions in Pakistan. (20)
3. Leadership is a process and not a position. It is the ability to influence a group towards the
achievements of legitimate goals. Identify the three phases of the development of leadership
theories. Also mention some of the common traits, qualities and skills of effective and exceptional
public administrators. (20)
4. Public administration is an activist part of government. Systematic policy formulation and
implementation becomes a standard public administration function. Discuss some of the common
conditions/factors which are fatal to effective implementation of public policy in a country like
Pakistan. (20)
5. Corruption is an evil which has played havoc in the socio-economic development of societies.
Also sources of corruptions are similar in all public administrative settings. Having this in mind
what are various types, causes and how to control corruption in public sectors organizations. (20)
6. Discuss why it may be in the best interest of both the public and government for administrators
to have public administration background rather than having degree in the area of economics,
political science, or business studies? (20)
7. Write a comprehensive note on any TWO of the following: (10 each)
(a) Scientific Management
(b) Human Relation Approach
(c) Theory X and Y of Motivation

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CSS 2019
1. Define Public Administration. Discuss the relationship between politics and Public
Administration. (20)
2. Is Public Administration only a simple summation of private interest? Argue win the light of
theory of John Rawls. (20)
3. Explain the similarities and differences between Hersey and Blachards's Situational Theory and
House of Path's Goal Theory. Which one do you think is appropriate for contemporary situation
of Pakistan and why? (20)
4. Differentiate between Development Administration and Administrative Development. Critically
analyze the role of bureaucracy in Development Administration in developing countries like
Pakistan. (20)
5. Explain dispute settlement process. Do you think that major methods of redressal of public
grievances in Pakistan are adequate? Argue your case. (20)
6. Discuss in detail the budgeting process of Pakistan. Are you satisfied with the process? Discuss
with practical examples. (20)
7. Write short notes on any two of the following: (10 each)
(a) Types of Decentralization
(b) Role of Civil Society in good governance
(c) Administrative buffering

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CSS 2020
1. Compare and Contrast the Bureaucratic Model with New Public Management (NPM). Do
you think NPM is relevant to developing countries like Pakistan? Support your argument
with key indicators. (20)
2. Trace how the strategic management process has evolved. Also discuss the opportunities
and constraints on collaborative approaches to an effective strategy development and its
implementation. (20)
3. Describe the role of government in HRM at enterprise level. Elaborate key challenges in
Public sector enterprises in Pakistan and way forward. (20)
4. Describe the four basic stages in the rational model of decision making and problem
solving. When do bounded rationality, satisficing and heuristics enter your own decision
making for better? For worse? (20)
5. Critically Analyze NRB-5Ds Model developed in 2001 in context with; Devolution of
Political Process, Distribution of Resources to Districts, Diffusion of Power Authority
Nexus, Deconcentrating of Management Functions and Decentralization of Administrative
authority. (20).
6. “Bureaucracy and Democracy are antithetical. Bureaucracy is hierarchical, elitist,
specialized, and informed while democracy is communal, pluralist, generalized, and
illinformed”. Discuss this statement keeping in view the quantum of expectations in
Pakistan and the reality of the civic culture. (20)
7. Write comprehensive notes on the following:- (10 each)
(a) Public Business Re-Engineering
(b) Governance Challenges in Pakistan

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CSS 2021
1. Define Normative and Empirical approaches of Public Administration, and their
implications to Pakistan’s administrative system. (20)
2. Discuss the need for Civil Service neutrality in development administration. Suggest
measures for achieving and stretching its practical application in Pakistan. (20)
3. Inspite of numerous advantages of social audit, its arrangement have been mostly
ineffective because there is no legal provision for punitive action. Comment. (20)
4. The idea of performance-budget lies beneath the word ‘results’. In the light of statement,
examine the elements of performance-based budgeting with reference to Pakistan. (20)
5. Discuss “Hawthorne Effects”, undertaken by George Elton Mayo in the development of
Human Relations School of thought, and its subsequent implications for the administrative
behaviour. (20).
6. Examine how corruption in public services undermines democracy. Discuss its possible
redressal mechanism. (20)
7. Write short notes on any TWO of the following:- (10 each)
(a) Management by Objectives (MBO)
(b) Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
(c) Differentiate between the Authoritarian and Transformational styles of Leadership.

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CSS 2022
1. “Bureaucracy and Democracy are antithetical. Bureaucracy is hierarchical, elitist,
specialized, and informed while democracy is communal, pluralist, generalized, and ill
informed”. Discuss this statement keeping in view the quantum of expectations in Pakistan
and the reality of the civic culture. (20)
2. Discuss the similarities and differences between the Weberian Bureaucratic Model,
Scientific management, and the “Principles” approach to studying Public Organizations.
Describe the basis of each theory and its impact on the development of Public
Administration. Also explain why critics contend these theories are not in tune with the
“practice” of Pakistan’s Public Administration. (20)
3. “On what basis shall we allocate resources to program A instead of program B”, is the
perennial statement in public sector budgeting. Identify and discuss at least Five attempts,
found in the budgeting literature used to answer V.O keys ‘famous budgeting questions.
Which type of budgeting system is most appropriate for Public Administration? Why do
you feel this way? (20)
4. Describe in detail the four classical types of potential market failure and provide examples
of each type. What is the relevance of the concept of market failure to government
intervention in the economy? Explain. (20)
5. Discuss the functions and organizational structure of federal government of Pakistan
including administrative relations between federal ministries and federal bodies such as
commissions, authorities, boards, and State-owned enterprises. (20)
6. Governmental budget remains an area of general concern as well as controversy.
Considerable attention is given to taxation and other sources of governmental revenues.
Discuss the federal budget process in Pakistan paying special attention to its ability to find
governmental activity and help to regulate the economy’s business cycle. (20)
7. Write short notes on any TWO of the following: (10 each)
(a) Woodrow Wilson’s contribution to Public Administration
(b) Difference between Good Governance and E-Governance
(c) Inter-Governmental relations at Federal and Provincial level in Pakistan

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