CSS Syllabus
Subject: Philosophy
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Paper: Philosophy (100 Marks)
I. Introduction:
Definition, Nature and Scope of Philosophy
II. Philosophical Methods:
Socratic Method (Socrates); Inductive Method (Bacon, Mill); Deductive Method(Aristotle,
Descartes); Dialectical Method (Hegel); Fallibilistic Method (Popper)
III. Epistemology: Rationalism (Plato, Descartes, Spinoza); Empiricism (Locke, Berkeley, Hume);
Transcendentalism (Kant); Intuitionism (Bergson)
IV. Ontology: Idealism (Plato, Berkeley); Representative Realism (Locke); Historical and Dialectical
Materialism (Marx)
V. Ethics: What is morality? The challenge of cultural relativism; Does morality depend on religion?
Psychological and ethical egoism: Virtue Ethics (Aristotle); Moral Absolutism (Kant), Utilitarianism
(J.S. Mill); Social Contract Theory (Hobbes, Rawls).
VI. Muslim Thinkers: Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, Al-Ghazali, Ibn Rushid, Ibn Khaldun, Shah Waliullah,
Muhammad Iqbal.
VII. Contemporary Philosophical Movements:
Existentialism (Heidegger, Sartre); Pragmatism (Peirce, James, Dewey); Neo-pragmatism (Rorty);
Postmodernism (Lyotard, Foucault, Derrida)
RECOMMENDED READINGS
[Link]. Title Author
1. A History of Western Philosophy Bertrand Russell
2. Philosophy: The Power of Ideas Brooke Noel Moore &
Kenneth Bruder
3. Elements of Moral Philosophy James Rachels
4. Existentialism & Human Emotions Jean Paul Sartre
5. The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge Jean-Francois Lyotard
6. Descartes to Derrida: An Introduction to EuropeanPhilosophy Peter Sedgwick
7. Continental Philosophy in the 20th Century Richard Kearney
8. A Short History of Modern Philosophy Roger Scruton
9. A History of Muslim Philosophy. Volume I & II M. M. Sharif
10. A History of Islamic Philosophy Majid Fakhry
11. The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam Muhammad Iqbal
12. Iqbal Mustansir Mir
13. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy([Link]). Internet Resources
14. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy([Link]). Internet Resources
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