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ALL ABOUT COMPUTER

LESSON AND ITS SYSTEM
1 OPERATIONS

The Most Essential Learning Competency you are about to learn from this module is
to perform computer operations.
In this lesson you are expected to be able to:
1. Input data into computer (TLE_IACSS9-12PCO-Id-e-5)
2. Access information using computer (TLE_IACSS9-12PCO-Ie-f-6)
3. Produce output/data using computer system (TLE_IACSS9-12PCO-If-7)
4. Use basic functions of a www-browser to locate information (TLE_IACSS9-
12PCOIg-h-8)
This module covers the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values needed to perform
computer operations which include inputting, accessing, producing, and transferring data
using the appropriate hardware and software

i
Pre- Assessment:

A. Directions: Fill in the blanks. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. ___________________ an electronic machine that processes and stores information. It takes in

raw information using input devices, stores in the memory until it is ready to be processed in the
processing unit and sends out results using output devices.

2. ___________________refers to the physical, tangible computer equipment and devices which

provides support for major functions such as input, process, output and storage.
3. Process device is used to ___________ data using instruction from the program.
4. ___________________ the main circuit board of a computer. It contains all the circuits and
components that run the computer.
5. The processor is the main “_________” or “heart” of a computer system.
6. 6 – 7. The two types of memory are __________ and _________.
7. Storage device _______ data and programs. These hold data, information, and programs
permanently.
8. ___________ this term refers to the collection of electronic instructions that tells the computer
what to do.
9. ______________is a program that enables the users to search for documents or information on
the World Wide Web.
10. 11-14. _____________, ______________, ______________ and _____________ are the
component of computer hardware.
11. 15. The main purpose of computer before is to ____________.

12. Activity 1. WORD SCRAMBLE

Direction: Can you unscramble the words related to the number crunching, image processing, game
playing world of computing? Do your best to see how many of the computer questions you can solve in
this fun puzzle game.

1
 The computer has only existed for 80 years, yet most of us can’t imagine life without this miracle
technology. What used to occupy entire floors of buildings and was operated manually, now is able to fit
on your desk, in your pocket, and even on your wrist! Computers facilitate most, if not all, of our daily
activities – from work, to school, to even entertainment.

It’s almost surprising to think about how fast we adopted computers and adapted our lives to working
with these machines. Many scientific and technological advances mark the beginning of the twentieth
century. These advances include inventions such as airplane, television, and most especially the
computer. Computers are changing our lives, they are sweeping away the old ways of doing things with
their superb speed and reliability.

2
 As many of today’s basic functions are being simplified by technology, computers have been on
the forefront in developing innovations through its many functions.

In this digital world, having the knowledge and skills

computer
in servicing is the start
and most fundamental of all.

Without further ado, let’s take a look at how computers have changed the world:

Years ago… Today…

www.google.com www.google.com

We use calculator to compute. It takesWe use computers to solve billions of

some time to solve huge amount of math problems.
numbers.

www.google.com www.google.com
We use mobile phones to call anyone
We use landline telephone to call our anywhere.
friend.

3
 www.google.co www.google.co
m m
We send our mails through post We
office.
send
It messagesthrough the
takes several days to received. computer. It takes only a few seconds
before they are received.

www.google.co www.google.co
m m

We go to
the library to look for We search information on the internet.
information in books.

I. Computer and Its Types

A computer
is an electronic machine that processes and stores information. It takes
in raw information using input devices, stores in the memory until it is ready to be processed
in the processing unit and
outsend
results using output devices.

www.googl
.co
e m

Computers are classified into four (4) different types based on its processing power and size:

4
THE TYPES OF COMPUTERS

1. Supercomputer
is the fastest and most powerful computer in terms of performance and
data processing. It uses its power to run one program at a time.
Used in:

• Research and exploration

• Weather forecasting www.google.com
• Nuclear weapon testing
2. Mainframe computer
is not as powerful as the supercomputer. It is designed to run
multiple programs concurrently. It is commonly used in:

• Banks
• Educational Institution
• Insurance companies www.google.com
3. Minicomputer
, also known as “Midrange” computer fill between
the spacethe mainframe
and microcomputer. It is smaller than Supercomputer or Mainframe computer but bigger and more
powerful than the microcomputer. They are generally used as
mid-range servers.
Some of its uses are as:

• Data Management device

• Communications Portal
• Process Control www.google.co

4. Microcomputer is the most widely used computer – desktop, laptops, tablets, and smartphones. It is
the cheapest among the different classes of computers. This computer is design for general usage
such as entertainment, education and work purposes.

5
 www.google.com

Basic Parts of a Computer System

II. The Elements of Computer System
Acomputer system
is a collection of entities that are designed to receive, process,
manage, and present information in a meaningful format. It has 3 elements that will
make a computer really useful.

Elements of a Computer System

Hardware Software Peopleware

1. Hardware refers to the physical, tangible computer equipment and devices which provides support
for major functions such as input, process, output and storage.

6
 Components of Computer
Hardware
Input Output
Device Device

Process Storage
Device Device
A. INPUT DEVICES
are composed of a device that accepts data and instructions from the
user or from another computer system.

Keyboard Mouse Scanner Microphone

www.google.com

A.1. Keyboard

A computer keyboard
is an input device used to enter characters
functions
andinto
thecomputer
system by pressing buttons, or keys. It is the primaryenter
device used to
text.

A.2. Mouse

The mouse is another input device used to point and select objects on the computer
monitor. Using the mouse and keyboard in combination allows the computer user
substantial latitude in how to accomplish a wide variety of tasks.

A.3. Scanner
A scanner is use to capture a source document and converts printed data or images into an
electronic data format that a computer can store or process as required.

A.4. Microphone
Microphone is used to input sound that is then stored in a digital form. It is used for various
applications such as adding sound to a multimedia presentation or for mixing music

B. OUTPUT DEVICE is any piece of computer hardware that displays results after the computer has
processed the input data that has been entered.

7
 Monitor Printer Speaker Projector

www.google.com

B.1. Monitor

A monitoris an electronic visual computer display that includes a screen, circuitry, and
the case in which that circuitry
enclosed.
is

B.2. Printer

The printer is a device use to print texts and pictures.

B.3. Speaker

A computer speaker
is an output hardware device that produces sound.

B.4. Projector

A projector is an output device that projects an image onto a large surface, such as a white screen or
wall.

C. PROCESS DEVICE is the computer’s circuitry in the system unit. It plays an important role in
processing operations. It is used to process data, using instructions from the program.

C.1. Motherboard / Main board / System Board – is the main circuit board of a computer. It contains all
the circuits and components that run the computer.

C.2. CPU (Central Processing Unit) - The processor is the main “brain” or “heart” of a computer system.
It performs all of the instructions and calculations that are needed and manages the flow of
information through a computer.

C.3. RAM – (Random Access Memory) RAM is volatile, meaning it holds data only when the power is
on. When the power is off, RAM's contents are lost.

8
C.4. Video Card/GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) - also called a display card,
graphics card, display adapter, or graphics adapter is an expansion card which
generates a feed of output images to a display device (such as a computer monitor).

C.5 . Read-only memory (ROM) is a type of non -volatile memory used in computers and
other electronic devices.
SYSTEM UNIT

The system unit, also known as a "tower" or "chassis," is th e main part of a desktop
computer. It encloses the motherboard, CPU, RAM, video card, and other internal
components.

www.google.com

Other Internal Components of the System Unit

a. Power Supply Unit (PSU) - Installed in the back corner of the PC case, next to the
motherboard. It converts 220/110vac (standard house power) into DC voltages that are used by
other components in the PC.
b. Heat sink (also commonly spelled heatsink) - is a passive heat exchanger that transfers the heat
generated by an electronic or a mechanical device to a fluid medium, often air or a liquid coolant,
where it is dissipated away from the device, thereby allowing regulation of the device's
temperature.
c. Optical Drive - An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical
media. There are three types of optical drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)
and Blu-ray Disc (BD).
D. STORAGE DEVICE stores data and programs. These hold data, information, and programs
permanently.

9
 Blu-ray Solid State Drive
Hard Disk Drive

CD Memory Card

Floppy Disk
DVD USB Flash Drive

D.1. Magnetic Storage

D.1.1. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - also known as hard drive, is a magnetic storage device
that is installed inside the computer. The hard drive is used as permanent storage
for data.

www.google.com

D.1.2. Floppy Disk - is a removable data storage magnetic medium that housed in a rigid
plastic cartridge measuring 3.5 inches square and about 2millimeters thick. Also
called a "3.5-inch diskette," it can store up to 1.44 megabytes (MB) of data.

www.google.com

D.2. Optical Storage

10
 D.1.1. BD (Blu-ray Disc) – is simply called as Blu-Ray, a digital optical disc data storage format. It
was designed to supersede the DVD format, and is capable of storing several hours of video
in high definition.

www.google.c om

D.1.2. CD (Compact Disc) - also called optical disc is a nonmagnetic, polished metal disk used to
store digital information. The disc is read by the CD- ROM.

www.google.com

D.1.3. DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) - an optical disc technology with a 4.7 gigabyte storage
capacity on a single-sided, one-layered disk, which is enough for a 133minute movie.

www.google.com
D.3. Flash Memory

D.3.1. Solid State Drive

– is a storage medium that uses
-volatile
non memory.

www.google.com

D.3.2. Memory Card

– is a solid
-state electronic flash memory data storage device used
with digital cameras, handheld and tablet/mobile computers and other electronics

www.google.com

D.3.3. USB flash drive

- is a plug-and-playportable storage device that uses flash
memory and is lightweight enough to attach to a key chain. A USB drive can be
used in place of
floppy
a disk,Zip drive
disk, orCD.

www.goog
le.com

2. Software – this term refers to the collection of electronic instructions that tells the computer what to do.
It is a computer program that is installed in your computer. The diagram below shows the classification
of software.

11
 Software

System Application
Software Software

Operating Utility
Syste Programs
m
Kinds of
Computer Software

A. System Software
coordinates the activities and functions
hardware
ofand software. It
controls the operations of computerand
hardware
provides an environment or platform for
all the other types of software to work in. It is the most basic type of software in any
computer system, which is essential for other programs, applications and the whole
computer system to function.

A.1. Operating System

– is the program that, afterinitially
being loaded into computer by
a boot program, manages all the other programs in a computer.

Examples
– Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Ubuntu

www.google.c
A.2. Utility Programs
– are small, o powerful programs with a
limited capability, they are usually operated by the user to maintain a smooth running of
the computer system.

B. Application Software is a computer program that performs a specific task.

(Application software examples – MS Office, OpenOffice, Media Players, MS Access, educational
software, media development software, Antivirus software, etc.)

www.google.com

12
3. Peopleware – the most important element of a computer system is its users. The following types of
people interact with a computer system:
a. System Analysts - are people who design the operation and processing of the system
b. System Programmers – are people who write codes and programs to implement the working of
the system.
c. System Operators – are people who operate the system and use it for different purposes. Also
called the end users like students, teachers, and other professionals.

III. HOW THE COMPUTER WORKS?

Data are raw facts about things, events, or activities that recorded,
are captured,
and stored on the computer. These can be in the form of words, numbers, or pictures.

Data become information when these have been arranged or organized to be of

use and to have meaning to the user.

INPUT– in this step, data are entered

theinto
computer through input devices, such as
keyboard and mouse.

PROCESS
– is the computer’s method of analyzing, managing, or manipulating data. The
data entered into the computer undergo changes. The Central Processing Unit
(CPU) directs the operation
the input
of and output devices to create the needed
information.

OUTPUT
– You get the output once the computer is finished processing the data. It could be
displayed on the monitor, printed on paper, or heard through speakers.

STORAGE
– The processed data are kept for future use. We use Hard Disk Drive to store the
informatio
n.

www.google.com

IV. Common Computer Applications Used in Performing Computer Related Duties

1. Microsoft Office Application – is a package application developed by Microsoft and is intended to

be used in offices and schools.

13
 a. MS Word – A word processing application used for creating documents such as letters,
brochures, activity programs, and learning activities.

www.google.com
b. MS Excel
– is a spreadsheet program ideal for entering, calculating, and analyzing
numeric data such as figures,
sales sales taxes, and students’ grades.

www.google.com

c. MS PowerPoint
– is a presentation tool that uses graphical approach to
presentation in the form of slides. Its primary function is to help a presenter deliver
its presentation
effectively.

www.google.com

2. Photo Editing Software

– is commonly used in editing and enhancing photos that
would give you an excellent output.

www.google.com
3. Video Editing Software
– is used to edit movies or video clips.

www.google.com

4. Web Browsers – is an application used to access information on the World Wide Web. Web
browsers interpret and display HTML web pages, applications, JavaScript, and other content
hosted on web servers in the form of text, pictures, audio, and video.

www.google.com
Search Engine is a program that enables the users to search for documents or information on the World
Wide Web.

How to search information on the World Wide Web?

14
1. Click a browser that you want to use – Chrome, Firefox or Edge
2. Type the search engine that you want to use in the web browser’s URL (Uniform Resource
Locator) and press the Enter key.

Address bar
Bookmar
k

Search
tab

*To bookmark a page,

click
justthe star icon on the right side of the browser.

UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR (URL)

It contains a link to the server which is a storage of the searched resource. In

general, URL meaning is the track from the server to the final gadget
m of
(which is a platfor
the user’s work) that can be illustrated rather simply. The upper element is the resource
server,
the lowest one
– the user’s device. All the points in between the two are additional servers. A
URL is also a specific type
Uniform
of Resource Identifie
r (URI)
.
www.google.com

Protocol

https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/U/URL.html
The beginning of the URL indicates which protocol the browser must use. The most common
protocols are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) or Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS). With
more attention being paid to online privacy and security today, the more secure HTTPS is becoming the
dominant protocol on the World Wide Web. Less common protocols include ftp: (File Transfer Protocol)
and mailto: (to open a mail client). The term "web address" refers to a URL using the HTTP or HTTPS
protocol. It is not mandatory to include the protocol when entering in a URL.
Domain namehttps://www.webopedia.com/TERM/U/URL.html
Many people use the terms domain name and URL interchangeably, but a URL incorporates a domain
name to create a complete address—it is not one in itself. A domain name is a unique reference that
identifies a website on the World Wide Web. It comes directly after the protocol and is separated by a
colon and two forward slashes. Path

15
https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/U/URL.html
The path refers to the exact location of a page, post, file, or other asset. The path comes after the
domain name and is separated by a forward slash. Not all URLs will display a path due to websites
being able to rewrite URLs for simplicity.
3. Use the search tab or the address bar of your search engine to find information on the web.
When searching for an information on the web, the results are categorized – All, Images, Videos, Maps,
News, More,

16