“WHAT MAKES A MAN IS NOT THE GOOD THINGS HE DOES FOR HIMSELF

BUT THE GOOD THINGS HE DOES FOR OTHERS EVEN IF IT MEANS

FORGETTING HIS NEEDS IN THE PROCESS.”

THIS MODULE IS DEDICATED TO THE YOUTH OF TOMORROW WHO

UNSELFISHLY DEDICATE THEIR HANDS ENDOWED WITH SKILLS TO FORM
A CREATIVE ECONOMY…

...ALL FOR THE GLORY OF GOD…

Technology is the greatest evolution of Art, as Art evokes a wide range of emotions
of a human being. From happiness, to sadness and even amusement, it brings out
the sincerest and pristine side of the human spirit.

This module aims to emulate this distinct trait of

Technology. But more importantly, it aims not just to stir up such skills but to inspire
the students and awaken their God-given skills to transform an idea into functional
technology —all with the hope that in the future, they will put such God-given skills
and talents into good use, be it to make a world-renowned skills and competency
that creates opportunity or to simply make someone satisfy.

I thank my principal Lamberto M. Dionisio for giving me the opportunity to write

and share this module to my student in Computer hardware and system servicing
and Computer systems servicing

My deep appreciation also goes out to Tiaong National High School and my
colleagues.

I am also grateful to my Family, and dedicate this module to my Inspiration and

loving daughter Zyrah Nicole P. Rivera
And to God Almighty.

CCR2016
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
COMPETENCIES FOR ENTREPRENEURIAL SUCCESS 1
Characteristics of success 1
ACTIVITY 1 2
Entrepreneurial traits 3
ACTIVITY 2 4
Motivation Entrepreneurial MOTIVES 5
ACTIVITY 3 6
ACTIVITY 4 7
entrepreneurial performance 8
10 COMPETENCIES FOR ENTREPRENEURIAL SUCCESS 8
Competencies and its characteristics 9
ACTIVITY 5 10
My Time Line to success: 11
Entrepreneurial Competency Model Business Plan 12
ACTIVITY 6 13
IMPROVING Personal Effectiveness Competencies 14
NOTES 15
ACTIVITY 7 16
BUSINESS PLAN QUESTIONS 17
ACTIVITY 8 18
Ideas for Starters ENTREPRENEURS 19
ACTIVITY 9 20
QUESTIONS FOR CREATIVE THINKING 21
ACTIVITY 10 22
Defining profit 23
Example of profit 24
ACTIVITY 11 25
ACTIVITY 12 26

Data Gathering Instrument for Trainee’s Characteristics 27

Data Gathering Instrument for Trainee’s Characteristics 28
Data Gathering Instrument for Trainee’s Characteristics 29
FORM 1.1 SELF-ASSESSMENT CHECK 30
CHAPTER 2 CSS-CHS 31
Sector PAGE 32
MODULE DESCRIPTOR
LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 1 Assemble computer hardware Contents 34
Conditions 35
Learning Experiences Assemble computer hardware 36
Information Sheet 1.1-1 OHS Policies and Procedures 37
Information Sheet 1.1-2 Tools, Equipment and Testing 38 - 42
SELF-CHECK 1.1-2 43 -45
QUIZ 1 46
INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-3 47
Configuration and Computer Systems and Network’s Hardware 47
network 48
Kinds of Hubs 49

Router 50
SELF-CHECK NO. 1.1-3 51
QUIZ 2 52
INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-4 Types of Computer 53-55
SELF-CHECK NO 1.1-4 56
QUIZ 3 57
LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 2 Prepare installer Contents 58
Learning Experiences Prepare installer 59
INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-1 PPE 60
Personal Protective Equipment 61
TASK SHEET 1.2-1 62
INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-2 Computer Operating System 63
SELF-CHECK 1.2.2 64
QUIZ 4 65
INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-3 66
Software Packages And Use Of Application Programs 67
SELF-CHECK 1.2-3 68
QUIZ 5 69
INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-4 70
Peripheral Device 71-72
SELF-CHECK 1.2-4 73
QUIZ 6 74
INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-5 Multimedia Systems 75
SELF-CHECK 1.2-5 76
QUIZ 7 77
INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-6 Computer PC Hardware 78
OUTPUT DEVICES 79
THE SYSTEM UNIT 80
Case and Power Supply 81
Secondary Memory 82
SOUND CARD 83
SELF-CHECK 1.2-6 84
QUIZ 8 85
INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-7 86
INSTALLATION OF HARDWARE COMPONENTS AND OTHER PERIPHERALS 87-100
TASK SHEET 1.2-7 101
Performance Criteria Checklist 1.2-7 102
INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-8 Introduction to BIOS 103-115
JOB SHEET 1.2-8 BIOS OPERATION 116
Performance Criteria Checklist 1.2-8 117
SELF-CHECK 1.2-8 118 -119
QUIZ 9 120
INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-9 Prepare installers Rufus 121-124
yumi 125-127
SELF-CHECK 1.2-9 a 128
 SELF-CHECK 1.2-9 b 129
QUIZ 10 130
ISO 131

SELF-CHECK 1.2-9 C 132

QUIZ 11 133
JOB SHEET 1.2-9 Prepare Installer 134
Performance Criteria Checklist 1.2-9 135
INFORMATION SHEET 1.3-1 Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 136-143
OPERATION SHEET 1.3-1 144
Performance Criteria Checklist 1.3-1 145
INFORMATION SHEET 1.3-2 146
INSTALLING OPERATING SYSTEM WIN XP 147-158
OPERATION SHEET 1.3-2 159
software installation of windows 7 159
Performance Criteria Checklist 1.3-2 160
INFORMATION SHEET 1.3-3 The 3Rs 161
SELF-CHECK 1.3-3 162
QUIZ 12 163-164
INFORMATION SHEET 1.3-4 165
LOCAL AREA NETWORKS (LANs) SYSTEMS AND CONFIGURATIONS 166-167
TASK SHEET 1.3-4 168
Performance Criteria Checklist 1.3-4 169
INFORMATION SHEET 1.3-5 170
Computer Symptoms and Diagnosis 171
OPERATION SHEET 1.3-5 172
Computer Symptoms and Diagnosis Printer Installation 172
Performance Criteria Checklist 1.3-5 173
LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 5 Conduct validation and testing 174
Learning Experiences Conduct validation and testing 175
INFORMATION SHEET 1.3-6 Testing Procedures 176
Deciding When to Test the System 177-179
SELF-CHECK 1.3-6 SEQUENCING 180
QUIZ 13 181
INFORMATION SHEET 1.3-7 182
Cable Troubleshooting 183-184
OPERATION SHEET 1.3-7 Cable Testing / Troubleshooting 185
Performance Criteria Checklist 1.3-7 186
INFORMATION SHEET 1.3-8 Diagnostic Software 187
SELF-CHECK 1.3-8 188
QUIZ 14 189
INFORMATION SHEET 1.3-9 Device Drivers 190
System Properties 191
Unrecognized device 192
JOB SHEET 1.3-9 Device Driver 193
Performance Criteria Checklist 1.3-9 194
INFORMATION SHEET 1.4-0 195
Installation Of Peripherals 196-197
JOB SHEET 1.4-0 198
Performance Criteria Checklist 1.4-0 199
TECHNICAL TERMS 200-202
Competency standard 203
Performance Test 204

Performance Criteria Checklist 1.4-0 205

QUIZ 14 206-207
TABLE OF SPECIFICATION 208
SHOP LAYOUT 209
Inventory of Training Resources 210-211
ACTIVITY SHEETS 212-213
 1
COMPETENCIES FOR ENTREPRENEURIAL SUCCESS
Characteristics of success

People can be drawn to the prospect of entrepreneurship for many reasons: from capitalizing on a
business idea and building wealth, to sensing the appeal of startup culture and aspiring to be their
own boss. While there are numerous benefits associated with entrepreneurship, not all
entrepreneurs are capable of spearheading a successful high-growth business venture. While some
entrepreneurs may possess many of the skills necessary to increase their chances of success, others
may benefit from complementing their expertise with knowledgeable team members. To help
prospective entrepreneurs evaluate whether they are well suited for starting an innovation-based
venture, assess what competencies they lack and/or possess, and gauge what type(s) of individual(s)
may strengthen their venture team, this module will outline the entrepreneurial traits, motivations,
and competencies found to be associated with success. This module is intended to provide valuable
descriptive information regarding typical entrepreneurial competencies. However, the information
contained here is not exhaustive or all-inclusive. There are many diverse paths to entrepreneurial
success. The competences listed below are limited to the typical set of skills and abilities generally
believed to predict which entrepreneurs will be most likely to succeed. Ultimately, this information is
intended to serve as a resource for personal decision-making. module is a self-evaluation aid that
can be used to increase prospective entrepreneurs’ awareness of their strengths and weaknesses
with regard to future business endeavors.

The entrepreneur NOMENCLATURES

Entrepreneurs have many different profiles. They come from a wide range of backgrounds and age
groups, and have diverse experiences and skill sets. While there is wide variation among successful
entrepreneurs, the typical entrepreneur is married, has children, and comes from a middle-class or
upper-lower class background. Entrepreneurs are usually driven to become entrepreneurs by the
prospect of building wealth, capitalizing on a business idea, owning their own company, and
desiring not to work for others. Starting early in life, entrepreneurs tend to excel in academic
endeavors. They do particularly well in high school and are often better educated than their
parents. While the average entrepreneur starts their first company at age 40, they often indicate
early interest in starting their own venture –with the majority of entrepreneurs being attracted to
the idea of entrepreneurship during college. However, many entrepreneurs also indicate the
importance of prior work experience when launching a successful venture. The vast majority of
entrepreneurs work for larger organizations before starting their own companies -with almost half of
all entrepreneurs reporting that they worked for at least ten years before launching their own
business venture. Together, these findings explain the wide variation in the ages of successful
entrepreneurs – with an interest in entrepreneurship manifesting for some during early college years
and for others emerging after decades of valuable work experience. To assist readers in determining
their fit with entrepreneurship, the remainder of this document will present a range of information
describing successful entrepreneurs. First, it will review typical entrepreneurial characteristics, prior
work experiences, and sources of capital. Next, it will introduce entrepreneurial traits and
motivations indicative of success.
Name:___________________________________________Score _____________________________
Grade section:_____________________________________Date:_____________________________

ACTIVITY 1
Read the entrepreneurs nomenclature and classify the traits, qualification, and profiles
TITLE : TRACK THE ENTREPRENEURS GEAR,PROFILES AND A MUST POSSSESS characteristics.

PROFILES TRAITS CHARACTERISTICS

2
Entrepreneurial traits A review of common traits found to predict success
Passion the most observed phenomenon in entrepreneurial studies, as a core characteristic of
creators of wealth , and as a central trait inherent in successful leaders. Entrepreneurs high in
passion confront opportunities and challenges with zeal, ride out the long hours necessary during
venture growth phases, and experience a venture’s successes and difficulties as if they were
personal events .
Proactivity has been defined as the propensity to take action to influence environmental change.
Entrepreneurs with this personality type typically “scan for opportunities, show initiative, take
action, and persevere until they reach closure by bringing about change”. Researchers believe that
entrepreneurs with this personality trait typically use organizational strategies that involve high
levels of environmental scanning and long-range forecasting which allows them to successfully
identify new opportunities.
Tenacity, more commonly known as perseverance, involves “sustaining goal-directed action and
energy even when faced with obstacles” A number of researchers have noted the important role of
tenacity in predicting an entrepreneur’s willingness to confront formidable barriers to market entry .
New Resource Skill New resource skill is “the ability to acquire and systematize the
operating resources needed to start and grow a new venture. Researches have noted that an
entrepreneur’s ability to integrate resources can make or break a start-up venture, explaining why
the ability to acquire and combine different resources is a key predictor of an entrepreneur’s
likelihood of spearheading a successful venture.

ACTIVITY 2: indicate your answer and output on the answer sheet provided on the next page.

Give your own example of Traits that can be a catalyst or ingredients to be a successful
entrepreneur
TITLE : My key to success

Example:

CONSISTENCY

3
 Name:___________________________________________Score _____________________________
Grade section:_____________________________________Date:_____________________________

Draw a figure that will symbolize your KEY TO SUCCESS

ACTIVITY 2: indicate your answer and output on the answer sheet provided ..
Give your own example of Traits that can be a catalyst or ingredients to be a successful entrepreneur
TITLE : My key to success

4
Motivation is defined as “an inner force that drives individuals to accomplish personal and
organizational goals” A person’s motivation influences their decisions, and therefore plays a key role
inpredicting which entrepreneurs will pursue successful opportunities. For example, entrepreneurs
differ inhow they view the risk of expending resources before knowing the distribution of outcomes.
Motivations lie at the heart of these different views, and help to explain the variability in decision-
making patterns across entrepreneurs. Motivations have been found to help entrepreneurs develop
the
knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary to be successful.

Entrepreneurial MOTIVES
A review of common MOTIVES found to predict success
General type
1. NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT:
• maintaining high standards
• aspiring to accomplish difficult tasks
• with a high need for achievement
• take responsibility for outcomes
• engage in activities that have a moderate degree of risk and require
skill and effort.
This motive has also been found to predict firm founding and the successful
Performance of business.

2. FOCUS OF CONTROL:
The degree to which a person believes that their actions can directly affect an event, or that they
can control an outcome.

Specific type
1.GOAL SETTING:
• motivated to set goals, particularly business growth goals
• setting goals that are specific, attainable, and time-bound.

2.SELF-EFFICACY:
• a person’s belief in their own ability, or task-specific self-confidence
• persist even in the face of setbacks, will take negative feedback more positively
• use feedback to improve their performance
• will set more difficult goals, and will exert more effort over a longer period of time.

5
 .
Name:___________________________________________Score _____________________________
Grade section:_____________________________________Date:_____________________________

ACTIVITY 3: The students will watch an inspring and motivational movies that will tackle and Supply additional
information related to the topic.
TITLE : it’s SHOWTIME , it’s Motivate time
INSTRUCTION: After watching the movie “Spareparts”,create a synopsis of the movie and enumerate at least 1O traits
or characteristics of an entrepreneur that you learn from the movie. Write your answer on the space provided

6
 Name:___________________________________________Score _____________________________
.
Grade section:_____________________________________Date:_____________________________

ACTIVITY 4: Surf and Research on successful Businessmen and entrepreneurs on the internet and other source.
TITLE : WHO INSPIRES ME….
INSTRUCTION: enumerate at least 10 successful Businessmen or entrepreneurs who inspired you, and choose one that
you will describe and give emphasis on the ways, traits or aspect that really motivates you .discuss how you can use
those ways, traits or aspect for you to be a good entrepreneur in the making.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

WHO INSPIRED ME….

7
Remember:
Through which Mechanisms DO Competencies impact entrepreneurial performance?
• Venture Opportunities.
More competent entrepreneurs choose to exploit better venture opportunities: both in terms of
qualityand fit.
• Venture Strategy.
The more competent an entrepreneur is, the more likely they are to formulate superior strategies
that fit their business. Live and put your philosophies in action.
• Venture Growth.
Many entrepreneurs find themselves underprepared to manage growth-related transitions in an
effective way. Entrepreneurs who possess competencies related to transitioning organizations from
one stage of development to another are better prepared to weather stage-related problems,
effectively leading a growing venture to new tiers of success.

Entrepreneurial Competencies
10 COMPETENCIES FOR ENTREPRENEURIAL SUCCESS:
1. Integrity - the entrepreneur has a clear sense of values and beliefs that underpin the creativeand
business decisions that they make; and that influence the actions they take, particularly whenin
difficult or challenging circumstances
2. Conceptual Thinking - the entrepreneur is prepared to use fresh approaches; comes up with crazy
ideas that may just work, leading to radical change or significant improvements; and takes time to
listen to new ideas without pre-judgment
3. Risk taking - the entrepreneur understands that risk taking means trying something new, and
possibly better, in the sense of stretching beyond what has been done in the past; and that the
constant challenge is to learn how to assess choices responsibly, weighing the possible outcomes
against his/her values and responsibilities
4. Networking - the entrepreneur understands that networking is a key business activity which can
provide access to information, expertise, collaboration and sales; and that careful planning and
preparation helps achieve desired results
5. Strategic Thinking - the entrepreneur understands and values the planning process, thinking and
planning over a significant timescale; recognizes external trends and opportunities; and is able to
think through any complex implications for the business
6. Commercial Aptitude - the entrepreneur keeps up to date with developments in the sector; seeks
out best practice; and identifies and seizes opportunities that are not obvious to others
7. Decisiveness - the entrepreneur resolves issues as they arise; does not get bogged down in
analysis during decision making; and responds flexibly to deal with changing priorities
8. Optimism - the entrepreneur persists in pursuing goals despite obstacles and setbacks; operates
from hope of success rather than from fear of failure; and sees setbacks as due to manageable
circumstance rather than a personal flaw
9. Customer Sensitivity - the entrepreneur builds trust and long term relationships with customers;
generates an expectation of high level of customer service; and regularly exceeds customer
expectation
10. People Focus - the entrepreneur creates common purpose with colleagues through shared vision
and values; walks the talk; sees and values the best in others; builds the total capability of the
immediate and wider team; and always considers the principles of inclusiveness in planning and
dealing with others
8
Competencies and its characteristics

Competencies consist of a group of attributes, some of which are applicable to all

entrepreneurs, while others are occupation/industry specific. Because some competencies
are more or less universal than others, many researchers depict competency models as
pyramids, with universal competencies
occupying the bottom portion of
the pyramid and specific
competencies located near to the
top. However, this is not to give
priority to one competency
over the other – it is simply to
depict the layers of
competencies that are
beneficial for entrepreneurs
in different industries and
occupations. Because this
guide is intended to assist
potential innovation based
entrepreneurs
across a wide range of
sectors, the majority
of the competencies
covered in detail are
applicable to all
entrepreneurs,
regardless of
industry.

9
 Name:___________________________________________Score _____________________________
Grade section:_____________________________________Date:_____________________________

ACTIVITY 5: Discovering my competencies

TITLE : finding my competencies
INSTRUCTION: enumerate the competencies found in the Pyramid of Competencies, make a timeline on how you will
use it, make a timeline as seen in the example.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Time Line to success:

Example:

2018:
social entrepreneurship

Technical competencies: product(website with free storage via cloud

Networking via social media marketing)

Workplace competencies:
Networking-via social media

Academic competencies:
Listening and speaking and computer literacy

2016:
PEC’S:INTERPERSONAL
SKILLS

10
My Time Line to success:

11
Entrepreneurial Competency Model Business Plan

Six core Personal Effectiveness of Competencies

PEC are particular important for entrepreneurial success, as entrepreneurs do not have a
manager or supervisor to assist with the development of these abilities.PEC is defined as
the extent to which an individual has satisfactorily met the task requirements for their job
The business plan is a tool to help you find and explore opportunities.
Students at any level of education can use the concept of preparing a business plan as a method of
exploring all kinds of ideas for starting a business. It is merely a series of questions that lead you to
think about the requirements and the possibilities of any kind of business. Until you start to ask
these questions, you aren't able to visualize the details necessary to be successful in a business.

INTERPERSONAL SKILLS
An entrepreneur with strong interpersonal skills has a knack for working well with people from
diverse backgrounds. These entrepreneurs are very insightful with regards to the behavior of others
understanding motives and actions, quickly aware of strained relationships, and well attuned to both
verbal and nonverbal behaviors.

STRONG INITIATIVE
Entrepreneurs with high initiative are often driven to work hard. These entrepreneurs frequently
work independently and are often driven to achieve task mastery, regardless of the extra effort
necessary to do so. Entrepreneurs with strong initiative set specific, time bound, challenging goals.
These entrepreneurs are often very confident in their capabilities to perform well and enjoy seeking
out novel opportunities.
AMBITION
Ambitious entrepreneurs are motivated, persistent, and persevere even in the face of difficult
challenges. These entrepreneurs are patient and persistent, passionate and driven. They embrace
new challenges while striving to exceed set expectations and standards.

ADAPTABILITY & FLEXIBILITY

Entrepreneurs who are highly flexible and adaptable often deal very well with ambiguity and have a
unique ability to choose actions even without all necessary information. These types of
entrepreneurs are innovative and creative, often developing novel solutions to complex problems.
They handle change well, often generating new goals and actions to deal with unforeseen events.

WILLINGNESS TO TAKE RISKS

Not only are successful entrepreneurs willing to take risks, they are also capable of identifying and
calculating risk assessments. They are typically skilled at developing alternative plans and articulating
worst-case scenarios. These types of entrepreneurs take calculated risks, and learn from past
mistakes.
WILLINGNESS TO LEARN
An entrepreneur with a strong willingness to learn often pursues opportunities that allow him or her
to acquire new skills and expertise. These entrepreneurs initiate personal career development and
often employ the feedback of others to help them make shrewd career decisions.

12
Name:___________________________________________Score _____________________________
Grade section:_____________________________________Date:_____________________________

ACTIVITY 6: SUMMARY OF THE LESSON (WHAT I LEARNED)

13
IMPROVING Personal Effectiveness Competencies

The Business Planning

The Business plan is derived as a tool to give you varied options in different opportunities.

Importance of Business planning

• the concept of preparing a business plan as a method of exploring all kinds of ideas for
starting a business
• It is merely a series of questions that lead you to think about the requirements and the
possibilities of any kind of business. Until you start to ask these questions, you aren't able to
visualize the details necessary to be successful in a business.
Approaches of writing and basic components of a business plan can be organized as follows:

Provision of nomenclature of the entrepreneurial establishment

decide the best options of strategy in marketing
delineate and identify the management plan needed
Evaluate and analyze the financial aspect to start the entrepreneurial establishment and
make it successful.
THE REASON OF ESTABLISHING A BUSINESS PLAN

• Making choices is the most important reason for anyone to learn how to write a business
plan.
• Making Decision about the direction your business will take
• Explore the communities of possible business opportunities
• Use the education and skill to create solid ideas about the business plan
Planning is an experience important for the learning process. And every time an individual does this
decision-making the possibility of really starting a business becomes more tangible.

A VARIETY OF APPROACHES TO CREATE BUSINESS IDEAS AND CHALLENGES

types of challenges to develop a business plan:

* a business needed in your town
* a business using your own personal skills and talents
* a business that involves exports to another country
* a home-based business
* a business that could be started with Php 10,000
* a business that would require Php 50,000 to start
* a business that would require Php 100,000 to start
* a franchise that you develop and offer nationally
* a service business
* a partnership between two to three students in the class
* a corporation formed by small groups in the class
* for the worst possible business idea you can imagine ...try it, you will be surprised.

14
NOTES:

15
 Name:___________________________________________Score _____________________________
Grade section:_____________________________________Date:_____________________________

Business plan

ACTIVITY 7 : CHOOSE FROM THE VARIETY OF APPROACHES TO CREATE BUSINESS IDEAS AND CHALLENGES
EXPLAIN THE STRIKING DETAILS WHY YOU CHOSE THE PARTICULAR OPTIONS.
TITLE : MY FUTURE BUSINESS

16
BUSINESS PLAN QUESTIONS

The business plan is a tool designed to help you find and explore opportunities. It also provides you
with a way to analyze potential opportunities continuously. A business plan is personal and should
never be "canned" or prepared professionally by others. No one knows you or your ideas better than
you do. It is the process of seeking the answers to important questions about your enterprise that
are important as you try to realize the dream of owning your own business.

Use the following questions to make decision about a business idea of your choice. Be sure to write
out your answers...to remember your decisions and build on them.

• How can you describe the business...in only one paragraph please?
• What is your product, or service?
• Who will buy it?
• Where should you locate the business?
• How can you attract customers?
• What is your competition?
• How much should you charge for the products or service?
• What advice do you need and who can provide it?
• How will you organize the managers and/or workers of the business?
• How will you split the profits? Who is responsible for the losses?
• What should you consider to be able to produce the product and get it to the customer?
• How much money is needed to get the business started?
• How many customers will you have per month and how much will they buy per month?
• How much does it cost to make the product or provide the service?
• What are your operating costs? (Include your own salary)
• How much money will your business earn each month by selling your product or service?
• How much investment will you need to keep the business going until you make a profit?
• What is your potential profit per year for Year I, Year II, and Year III?
• How much money do you need to borrow to start this business?
• How will you make the business grow in the future?

Answer these helpful Questions that will give you a wide horizon on realizing your business in mind.

Put your Answer on the Activity sheets provided at the next page.

17
 Name:___________________________________________Score _____________________________
Grade section:_____________________________________Date:_____________________________

BUSINESS PLAN QUESTIONS

ACTIVITY 8: CHOOSE FROM THE VARIETY OF APPROACHES TO CREATE BUSINESS IDEAS AND CHALLENGES
TITLE : the golden question and the diamond answers.

18
Ideas for Starters ENTREPRENEURS

You might want to think about some of the following types of business to get your business plan
"thinking processes" moving:

Lemonade stand

Refreshment stand at local games

Child care

Hot dog stand

Yard care

Developing a web page for others

Youth community center

Shopping service for seniors

Pet sitting

Delivery services

House cleaning service

Janitorial services for local businesses

Selling used clothes

Jewelry making

Catalog sales

Temporaries agency

Computer service business

Add value to an existing product (packaging, new Marketing local crafts design, new customers,
different size)

Travel services

Musical group

Repair services (shoes, electrical equipment, cars, clothing, etc.)

19
 Name:___________________________________________Score
. _____________________________
Grade section:_____________________________________Date:_____________________________

"Thinking processes"

ACTIVITY 9: CHOOSE FROM THE VARIETY OF BUSINESS IDEAS ENUMERATED IN PAGE 19 OR YOUR OWN IDEA OF
BUSINESS FITTED FROM YOUR PROFILE,EXPLAIN HOW ARE YOU GOING TO START THE BUSINESS AND ENUMERATE
YOUR PLANS AND STRATEGIES.
TITLE : the golden question and the diamond answers.

20
QUESTIONS FOR CREATIVE THINKING

Use some of the following questions to guide your thinking about starting a business:

A. What kind of business would you start if your family would lend you Php 5000 to get it started?

B. What kind of business would you start if you and two classmates had access to a loan for Php
100,000?

C. What kind of business could you start if you want to do business with another country?

D. What type of business could you start while still going to school?

E. What type of business could you start using the skills you have now?

F. What type of business could you run while also working in a part time job (to provide the security
of a salary while the business grows)?

G. How could you start a business and then later make it into your own franchising business for
purposes of expansion?

After developing your business plan you will want to discuss your ideas with the class or an advisor
to improve your plan and determine what you learned in the process of preparing a business plan.
Now that you are thinking like an entrepreneur you may find these same questions pop up about
many different business possibilities as you experience new opportunities in life.

21
 Name:___________________________________________Score _____________________________
Grade section:_____________________________________Date:_____________________________

QUESTIONS FOR CREATIVE THINKING

ACTIVITY 10: MY ANSWERS FROM THE QUESTIONS FOR CREATIVE THINKING

22
Defining profit

A financial gain, especially the difference between the amount earned and the amount spent in
buying, operating, or producing something.
Profit is not included in the amount of money a business owner pays himself/herself. Many new
entrepreneurs forget to count the costs of their time and take out a regular salary. Or when times
are tough the salary is the first thing they forget.
Profit is not the difference between the costs of the product or service and the price being charged
for it. In addition to the costs of the product sold you must account for the fixed costs that are paid
regularly each month no matter what. These include such items as rent or mortgage payments,
utilities, regular salaries, insurance, etc.
Next you must remember to plan for the variable costs of running the business that fluctuate with
the success of the business and resulting needs for advertising, staffing, supplies, etc. The fixed costs
and the variable costs together are known as overhead. Overhead, as well as the costs of the
products sold, is subtracted from the income from sales before profit can be made.
Finally, you must pay taxes out of the income before actually determining your profit from your
business. These include federal, state, and local taxes which are based on a percentage of your
income minus expenses. After all these costs, the owners' profit is what is left.
What are the decisions that affect profit?
For any small business there are many day-to-day decisions that change the possible profit the
business might make. For example, consider what each of the following choices might do to your
profit:
1. Pay employees more
2. Hire more employees
3. Buy new furniture
4. Buy a new truck
5. Find a cheaper source of products
6. Increase the advertising budget
7. Give your daughter money to buy a new dress
8. Select a cheaper long distance phone service
9. Remodel your building
All of these decisions increase, or decrease your cost of operations affecting what is left as profit.
When deciding how to price the goods or services to be sold, the owner must take into
consideration the costs of all decisions made. Some decisions will result in higher sales which will
more than make up for increased costs. It is thought that appropriate advertising will do this. Or if
you pay your employees more they may be willing to work harder and increase sales. However,
nothing is really sure about these decisions and their effect on profits.
So business owners often decide to use a percentage of the product costs in determining their
selling prices. The percentage is based on distributing the costs of running the business (overhead)
and profits in an equal manner to all items sold, based on the product costs. This is called markup.
Think of markup as the share of the consumer's price that is necessary to run the business, plus what
is left over as return on the owner's investment. The markup on all the products sold, added
together, is designed to cover the costs of running the business and making a profit.
Business owners use past experience and experience of similar businesses to determine the
expected overhead costs and profit they hope to make. This is called their margin...the amount of

23
money available after the costs of products sold are deducted from the income from sales. If your
sales equal
Php1 million and your product costs are Php 200,000, your margin is Php 800,000. Remember, this is
not your profit. We hope by now you can explain why this is so.

Example of profit

Mr. Lambert owns A Bakery and his expenses and the business operational details are written in
table below.

material cost unit total

Baking equipment 60,000 60,000
Baking supplies 20,000 20,000
Renovation and store 40,000 40,000
construction
Electric bill 10,520 monthly 10,520
Water bill 1200 monthly 1200
Salary of baker 8000 monthly 8000
Operation expenses 2,000 monthly 2,000
(transportation to market and
auxiliary payments and expenses

total

The operation started in months’ time and the overall sales reveal an amount of

148,000.

Compute the total cost and give the detail if the bakery gain profit and explain if the business status
in terms of sales and operation are capable to operate. Place your analysis regarding this situation
ON THE SHEET PROVIDED IN THE NEXT PAGE.

24
 ACTIVITY 11: Profit….the bottom line

25
 terms of sales and operation are capable to operate. Place your analysis regarding this situation

ACTIVITY 12: Why?

Give your reason “why “these factor attracts profit
1. Pay employees more
2. Hire more employees
3. Buy new furniture
4. Buy a new truck
5. Find a cheaper source of products
6. Increase the advertising budget
7. Give your daughter money to buy a new dress
8. Select a cheaper long distance phone service
9. Remodel your building

26
 Data Gathering Instrument for Trainee’s Characteristics
Please answer the following instrument according to the characteristics
described below. Encircle the letter of your choice that best describes you
as a learner. Blank spaces are provided for some data that need your
response.
Characteristics of learners
Language, literacy Average grade in: Average grade in:
and numeracy English Math
(LL&N)
a. 95 and above a. 95 and above
b. 90 to 94 b. 90 to 94
c. 85 to 89 c. 85 to 89
d. 80 to 84 d. 80 to 84
a. 75 to 79 e. 75 to 79
Cultural and Ethnicity/culture:
language a. Ifugao
background
b. Igorot
c. Ibanag
d. Gaddang
e. Muslim
f. Ibaloy
g. Others( please specify)_____________
Education & Highest Educational Attainment:
general knowledge a. High School Level
b. High School Graduate
c. College Level
d. College Graduate
e. with units in Master’s degree
f. Masteral Graduate
g. With units in Doctoral Level
h. Doctoral Graduate
Sex a. Male
b. Female
Age Your age: _____

Physical ability 1. Disabilities(if any)_____________________

2. Existing Health Conditions (Existing illness
if any)
27
 Characteristics of learners
a. None
b. Asthma
c. Heart disease
d. Anemia
e. Hypertension
f. Diabetes
g. Others(please specify) ___________________
3.
Previous CSS / CHS NCII
experience with the a. CHS Student
topic
b. CHS graduate
c. CHS trainer
d. CHS Consultant
Number of years as a competency trainer ______
Previous learning List down trainings related to CSS / CHS NCII
experience ___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
Training Level National Certificates acquired and NC level
completed ___________________________
___________________________
Special courses Other courses related to CSS / CHS NCII
a. Computer Literacy and Language
b. PC Operations
c. Others(please
d. specify) _________________________
Learning styles a. Visual - The visual learner takes mental
pictures of information given, so in order for
this kind of learner to retain information,
oral or written, presentations of new
information must contain diagrams and
drawings, preferably in color. The visual
learner can't concentrate with a lot of
activity around him and will focus better and
learn faster in a quiet study environment.
b. Kinesthetic - described as the students in
the classroom, who have problems sitting
28 still and who often bounce their legs while
 Characteristics of learners
tapping their fingers on the desks. They are
often referred to as hyperactive students
with concentration issues.
c. Auditory- a learner who has the ability to
remember speeches and lectures in detail
but has a hard time with written text. Having
to read long texts is pointless and will not be
retained by the auditory learner unless it is
read aloud.
d. Activist - Learns by having a go
e. Reflector - Learns most from activities where
they can watch, listen and then review what
has happened.
f. Theorist - Learns most when ideas are linked
to existing theories and concepts.
g. Pragmatist - Learns most from learning
activities that are directly relevant to their
situation.
Other needs a. Financially challenged
b. Working student
c. Solo parent
d. Others(please
e. specify) ___________________________

29
 FORM 1.1 SELF-ASSESSMENT CHECK
INSTRUCTIONS: This Self-Check Instrument will give the trainer necessary
data or information which is essential in planning training sessions. Please
check the appropriate box of your answer to the questions below.
CORE COMPETENCIES
CAN I…? YES NO

1. Install and configure computer systems

1.1. Assemble computer hardware

1.2. Install operating system and drivers for

peripherals/ devices.
1.3. Install the computer application software
1.4. Conduct testing and documentation

2. Set-up computer networks

2.1. Install network cables
2.2. Set network configuration
a. Set router/Wi-Fi/ wireless access
point/repeater configuration
b. Inspect and test the configured computer
networks
3. Set-up Computer Servers
3.1. Set-up user access
3.2. Configure network services
3.3. Perform testing, documentation and pre-
deployment practices
4. Maintain and repair computer systems and networks
4.1. Plan and prepare for maintenance and repair
4.2. Maintain computer systems and networks
4.3. Diagnose faults of computer systems
4.4. Rectify/correct defects in computer systems
4.5. Inspect and test the computer systems and
networks

30
CHAPTER
2
COMPUTER HARDWARE
/SYSTEMS SERVICING

31
 Sector : INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLGY

Qualification Title: COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING

Module Title: COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING

TIAONG NATIONAL HIGHSCHOOL

Pulong Gubat, Guiguinto, Bulacan

32
MODULE DESCRIPTOR: This unit covers the outcomes required in
installing, assembling and testing computers
and common peripherals.

NOMINAL DURATION: 97 Hours

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this module you MUST be able to:
Assemble computer hardware
Prepare installer
Install operating system and drivers for peripherals/ devices
Install application software
Conduct testing and documentation

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Installed the computer systems and networks in accordance with
requirements, without damage or distortion to the surrounding
environment or services
2. Tested the installed computer systems and network to determine
whether it conforms to clients requirements
3. Conducted final inspections to ensure the installed devices / systems
conforms to clients requirements

33
LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 1

Assemble computer hardware Contents:

1. Observing OH&S policies and procedures
2. Using and testing tools, materials and equipment
3. Applying configuration and computer systems and network’s hardware
4. Applying systematic inspection and specific testing procedures
5. Identifying different types of computers
Assessment Criteria

1. Installation procedure that conform with the requirements of OHS

policies and procedure is planned
2. Location of necessary devices/systems is determined relating to job
requirements.
3. Appropriate tools, equipment and testing devices that conform to OHS
are identified.
4. Strict impositions of material specifications are followed
5. Appointment of laboratory teachers is approved in line with planned
procedure.
6. Unavoidable circumstances related to preparatory works are
enumerated and given priority

34
Conditions

The participants will have access to:

Equipment and Tools Materials

Accessories
• LAN Card • Screwdriver(stand • Software
ard) applications
• UPS
• Screwdriver(Philip • Network OS
• Server
s) Software
• 24 port-hub
• Long nose pliers • RJ 45
• Modem
• Mechanical pliers • UTP Cat 5 cable
• PATCH PANEL
• Allen wrench • Motherboard’s
• PC Video camera manual and
• Multicenter
installer
• USB External CD
• Crimping tools
writer • Sound device
• IMPACT TOOL driver installer
• USB scanner
• Wire stripper
• USB printers
• LAN Tester
• USB Flash Drive
• Anti-static wrist
wrap
• Device
drivers/installers

Assessment Method:

1. Hands - on
2. Written examination
3. Oral questioning

35
 LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Learning Outcome 1
ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE

Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read Information Sheet 1.1-1
on OHS Policies and ProceduresThe Focus of this Learning
Outcome is to develop
2. Read Information Sheet 1.1-2
students on Planning and
on Tools, Equipment and Testing Preparation for Installation of
Computer System.
3. Answer Self-Check 1.1-2

Compare answer with Answer key 1.1-2

Go through the Information
4. Read Information Sheet 1.1-3 Sheets and answer self-checks
on Configuration and Computer to ensure that the knowledge
Systems and Network’s in different field will meet the
standard.
Hardware
5. Answer Self-Check 1.1-3
Compare answer with Answer key 1.1-3
Be sure to follow OH&S to
6. Read Information Sheet 1.1-4 protect yourself from harm.
on Types of Computer

7. Answer Self-Check 1.1-4

Compare answer with Answer key 1.1-4

36
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-1

OHS Policies and Procedures

Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. follow the standard procedure for OH&S in installing
devices/systems

Occupational Health and Safety Policy

In the school as a computer teacher you must be aware of how your

students behave when they are working in the computer laboratory, as well
as implementing a safe way of accomplishing every task. Safety practices
should be learned early and always adhered to when working with any
electrical device, including personal computers and peripherals. This is for
the protection of not only the people working with them, but also for the
devices themselves. The basis for this process begins with your Occupational
Health and Safety Policies.

Personal Safety While Working Along With PC’s

Computer equipment can be dangerous, and you or others can be

injured or even killed if you don’t follow proper safety guidelines when working
along PC’s. The following are some precautionary measures to take before
working with any computer equipment:
• Wear shoes with non-conductive rubber soles to help reduce the chance
of being shocked or seriously injured in an electrical accident.
• Do not work on components that are plugged into their power source.
• Do not remove expansion cards from a computer when it is turned on.
• Remove all jewelry when working inside any computer related
equipment.
• Be sure not to mix electronic components and water.

37
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-2

Tools, Equipment and Testing

Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Identify tools and equipment
2. Classification of tools and equipment according to their functions
and uses.

Equipment and Tools Materials

Accessories
LAN Card Screwdriver(standard) Software applications
UPS Screwdriver(Philips) Network OS Software
Server Long nose pliers RJ 45
24 port-hub Mechanical pliers UTP Cat 5 cable
Modem Allen wrench Motherboard’s
PATCH PANEL Multi-tester manual and installer

PC Video camera Crimping tools Sound device driver

installer
USB External IMPACT TOOLS
CD writer Wire stripper
USB scanner LAN Tester
USB printers Anti-static wrist wrap
USB Flash Drive Device
drivers/installers

38
 • LAN Card – is a network interface card.
This is a computer circuit board or card
that is installed in a computer so that it
can be connected to a network.

• Server – is a part of a network. It is a

special computer that users on the
network can asses to carry out a particular
job.

• Port hub /Port – is a connector on the

back of a computer or other device. A port
is either a serial port or a parallel port.

• Modem - (Modulator-Demodulator) The

modem is a device that allows a given
computer to share data or otherwise a
device which let computers exchange
information

• USB – Universal Serial Bus, a hardware

interface for low-speed peripherals such as
the keyboard, mouse, joystick, scanner,
printer and telephony devices.

• Scanner- it is an input device that read

text or illustration printed on paper,
translates the information into a form that
a computer can use.

• Flat Screw Driver – is used to drive or

fasten negative slotted screws

• Printer - it is a piece of hardware that

produces a paper copy (also known as
‘hardcopy’) of the information generated by
the computer.

39
 • RAM – Random Access Memory, is a primary memory. This memory
is used inside the computer to hold programs and data while it is
running.

• BIOS – Basic Input/Output System, chip that controls the most basic
functions of the computer and performs a self-test every time you turn
it on.

• Flash drive– RAM that can retain data

without electrical power. It is widely used
for BIOS chips and for digital camera and
digital music storage.

• Video Camera - camera using videotape: a

camera that records onto videotape

• Long nose Pliers – is used for holding,

bending and stretching the lead of
electronics component or connecting wire.

• Soldering Iron – is used to join two or more

metal conductors with the support of
soldering lead melted around it.

• Desoldering Tool – is used to unsolder

unwanted parts or component in the circuit
with the support of soldering pencil

• Philips Screw Driver- is used to drive or

fasten positive slotted screws

40
 • Multitester- is an instrument use to
measure voltage, current and resistance.

• NIC – Network Interface Card – The PC

expansion board that plug into a personal
computer or server and works with the
network operating system to control the flow
of information over the network.

• RJ 45 – is the connector plugged into the NIC ports on computers and

often connecting the main networking hardware together.

Pin 1 White/Orange

Pin 2 Orange

Pin 3 White/Green

Pin 4 Blue

Pin 5 White/Blue

Pin 6 Green
• UTP – Unshielded Twisted Pair, is a popular
type of cable used in computer networking that
consists of two shielded wires twisted around
each other.

• Motherboard – contains the CPU, BIOS,

memory, mass storage interfaces, serial and
parallel ports, expansion slot and all the
controllers required to control standard
peripheral devices such as the display screen,
keyboard and disk drive.

• Software applications
Software - is the programs and data that a computer uses.

41
 • Network OS Software
Network-are multiple computers linked together to make
simultaneous information sharing and exchange by multiple users.

• Sound Device Driver Installer / Sound and Audio Devices – A

windows XP Control Panel applet, called Sounds, and Multimedia in
Windows 2000, for configuring the system’s sound card.

mistaken as Hub or
switch, but it function
as network expansion
and serve connecting
panel.

The so called outlet to connect to a network or

domain, usually located at the wall joined together
with a face plate

A tool used to connect

the wires of the LAN
CABLE WIRES and PATCH
PANEL TERMINAL, it has a
head use to drive the
wires and cutter that
eliminates excess part of
the wires. These are used
to the key stone/or
modular plug and patch
used as tester if the LAN cable or patch cable is panels back terminals.
functional.

42
 SELF-CHECK 1.1-2
Directions.
A. Identify the following tools, and materials and give their uses.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
6.

43
 7. (2 points)

8. (2 points)

44
 B. Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.

___________1. It is a connector at the back of a computer or other device.

___________2.A computer circuit board installed in a computer so that it can
be connected to a network.
___________3. A device that allows a given computer to share data.
___________4. An input device that read text or illustration printed on paper,
translated the information into a form that a computer that can use.
___________5. The least expensive and most popular network media.
___________6.The so called outlet to connect to a network or domain, usually
located at the wall joined together with a face plate
___________7.mistaken as Hub or switch, but it function as network expansion
and serve connecting panel.
___________8.used as tester if the LAN cable or patch cable is functional.
___________9.A tool used to connect the wires of the LAN CABLE WIRES and
PATCH PANEL TERMINAL, it has a head use to drive the wires and cutter that
eliminates excess part of the wires. These are used to the key stone/or
modular plug and patch panels back terminals.(2 points)

45
 QUIZ 1
ANSWER KEY 1.1-2
NAME:_____________________________________________DATE:_____________________
A.
SECTION: ___________________________________________SCORE:_____________________
1 LAN Card –This is a computer circuit board or card that is installed
in a computer
CORREECTED so that it can be connected to a network.
BY: ____________________________________SIGNATURE:__________________
2. Soldering Iron – is used to join two or more metal conductors with
the support of soldering lead melted around it.
3. USB – Universal Serial Bus, a hardware interface for low-speed
peripherals such as the keyboard, mouse, joystick, scanner, printer and
telephony devices.
4. Flat Screw Driver – is used to drive or fasten negative slotted screws
5. Multitester- is an instrument use to measure voltage, current and
resistance.
6. patch panel- mistaken as Hub or switch, but it function as network
expansion and serve connecting panel.
7.SWITCH-a Device used as port of clients computers connecting via
rj 45.
8.LAN tester-used to check the accuracy of created LAN wires OR
NETWORK CABLES

B. 1. Port hub/ port

2. LAN card
3. Modem
4. Scanner
5. UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair)
6. modular plug
7. patch panel
8. lan tester
9. impact tools

46
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-3

Configuration and Computer Systems and Network’s

Hardware

Hardware
-the physical computer and
its components

Storage Devices Central Processing Unit Input Devices – allow the Output Devices – enable the
-stores data and program (CPU) – carries out program user to communicate with computer to present
instructions instructions the computer information to the user

Printers
Diskette Arithmetic Unit Keyboard
Monitors
USB Registers Control Section Mouse
Speakers
CD Internal Bus Joystick
Scanners

Software- the programs that run

the computer

Application – performs specific Programming – makes computer

System or OS- tells the CPU what
personal, business or scientific programs which uses different
to do
processing tasks programming languages

Word Processor, Spreadsheet,

MS DOS Windows Presentation, Database Programs,
Cobol, Pascal, Java, Visual Basics,
MAC OS Desktop Publishing, Reference,
Fox Pro
Corel Linux Graphics, Educational, Computer
Games, Network, Language

47
 A network is a collection of computers and related equipment (printers,
webcams, game consoles, etc.) connected so that data can move between
them. Even if you have a single computer, it looks to the Internet as part of a
network. The Internet, then, is a network of networks.
The majority of networking, is done using the internet standard. At the
center of the basic diagram of a wired network is either a hub or a switcher
and computers are connected to the hub, much like spokes of a wheel or star.
Each connection at the hub is called a port.
Three Basic Network Categories
• Local Area Network- the smallest of the three network types, consist
of PCs connected together within a limited area, such as within the
same building, floor or department.
• Metropolitan Area Network – are network that spans no more than 50
miles. It is design to connect LANs spanning a town or city
• Wide Area Network – used to distribute information thousand of miles
among thousands of users.

Network Hardware

• Network Interface Card (NIC) – a printed

circuit board, an adapter that plugs into the
computer’s motherboard when connected
with a network cable, provides the physical
link between your computer and the
network.

• Network Hub – a hardware device

that all PCs on a network are
connected to by cabling. The hub
manages receiving and transmitting
data from networked services.

• Wireless Hubs– are hubs designed for the home

48
 Kinds of Hubs

- Standalone Hubs – are single products with a number of ports. It

is usually include some method of linking them to other standalone
hubs for network expansion.

- Stackable Hubs – work just like standalone hubs, except that

several of them can be “stacked” (connected) together, usually by short
lengths of cable.

- Modular Hubs – are popular in networks because they are easily

expanded and always have management option. It is purchased as chassis,
or card cage, with multiple card slots, each of which accepts a
communication card, or module

3 Basic Hub Types

- Passive Hubs – simply connects various cables

- Active Hubs – amplify or boost signals

- Intelligent Hubs – select which path a specific signal will travel

• Repeater – a device that strengthen

signals and allow then to stay clear over
longer distances.

• Network Bridge – divides network into

smaller, more manageable sections
helping reduce network traffic.

• Network Switch – It helps determine

how data moves over large networks.

49
 • Router – a device that forwards data
packets between Local or Wide Area
Network groups.

50
 SELF-CHECK NO. 1.1-3

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer.

Use a separate sheet of paper in answering.

1. Which among the network hardware forwards data packets between Local
or Wide Area Network groups.

a. Network Hubs c. Repeater

b. Network Switch d. Router

2. A typical computer system consists of the following except

a. Central Processing Unit d. Output Device

b. Input Device e. Storage Device

c. Network Device

3. What network hardware strengthens signals and allows then to stay clear
over longer distances?

a. Network Hubs c. Repeater

b. Network Switch d. Router

4. Which of the following is the collection of computers and related

equipment that are connected so that data can move between them.

a. Computer System c. Hardware

b. Network d. Software

5. Which provides the physical link between your computer and the network

a. Network Hubs c. Network Switch

b. Network Interface Cards d. Router

51
 QUIZ 2 ANSWER KEY 1.1-3
NAME:_____________________________________________DATE:_____________________

SECTION: ___________________________________________SCORE:_____________________
1. d
CORREECTED BY: ____________________________________SIGNATURE:__________________
2. c
3. c
4. b
5. b

52
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-4

Types of Computer

A computer is defined as a machine that can be programmed to

manipulate symbols. Its principal characteristics are:

• It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner.

• It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program).
• It can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data.
Therefore computers can perform complex and repetitive procedure quickly,
precisely and reliably.

Computers can be generally classified by size and power as follows:

• Personal computer: A small, single-user computer based on a

microprocessor.

PERSONAL COMPUTER
• Workstation: A powerful, single-user computer. A workstation is like a
personal computer, but it has a more powerful microprocessor and, in
general, a higher-quality monitor.

WORKSTATION MINICOMPUTER

53
 • Minicomputer: A multi-user computer capable of supporting up to
hundreds of users simultaneously.

• Mainframe: A powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting

many hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously.

MAINFRAME SUPERCOMPUTERS

• Supercomputer: An extremely fast computer that can perform

hundreds of millions of instructions per second.

Personal Computer Types

Notebook computer

An extremely lightweight personal computer that weighs weigh less

than 6 pounds and are small enough to fit easily in a briefcase. Aside from
size, the principal difference between a notebook computer and a personal
computer is the display screen. Notebook computers come with battery packs
that enable you to run them without plugging them in. These are also called
Laptop computers.

NOTEBOOK COMPUTER

54
 Laptop computer

A small, portable computer -- small enough that it can sit on your lap.

Sub notebook computer

A portable computer that is slightly lighter and smaller than a full-sized

notebook computer. Typically, sub notebook computers have a smaller
keyboard and screen, but are otherwise equivalent to notebook computers.

Hand-held computer

A portable computer that is small enough to be held in one’s hand. The

most popular hand-held computers are those that are specifically designed to
provide PIM (personal information manager) functions, such as a calendar
and address book. Hand-held computers are also called PDAs or Personal
Digital Assistants, palmtops and pocket

PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANTS (PDA) / HANDHELD COMPUTERS

55
 SELF-CHECK NO 1.1-4

Matching Type: Match the type of computer in Column A with its

description in Column B by writing the letter of the correct answer on
the blank provided before the number. Use a separate sheet of paper
in answering.

A B
_______1. Personal Computer
_______2. Mainframe Computer a. A powerful, single-user computer.
_______3. Laptop Computer b. An extremely lightweight personal computer
that weighs less than 6 pounds and are small
_______4. Super Computer
enough to fit easily in a briefcase.
_______5. Note book Computer
c. A powerful multi-user computer capable of
supporting many hundreds or thousands of
users simultaneously.
d. A small, portable computer -- small
enough that it can sit on your lap.
e. A multi-user computer capable of supporting
up to hundreds of users simultaneously.
f. An extremely fast computer that can perform
hundreds of millions of instructions per
second.
g. A small, single-user computer based on a
microprocessor.

56
 QUIZ 3 ANSWER KEY 1.1-4
1. g
NAME:_____________________________________________DATE:_____________________
2. c
SECTION: ___________________________________________SCORE:_____________________
3. d
CORREECTED BY: ____________________________________SIGNATURE:__________________
4. f
5. b

57
 LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 2
Prepare installer Contents:
1. Using personal protective equipment
2. Installing computer operating systems
3. Using application packages and application programs
4. Using peripheral devices
5. Using multimedia systems
6. Installing computer hardware
7. Configuring Local Area Networks (LANs) systems
8. Identifying computer symptoms and diagnosis
Assessment Criteria:

1. Standard procedures for OHS in installing devices/systems are

followed.
2. Operating systems/ devices are installed according to workplace
standards.
3. Modification and innovation of devices/systems are done during
installation with the consent of the client.
4. Installation of the devices/systems are carried out in consonance with
the unit of specification
5. Unplanned events or conditions are carried out following the unit of
specification and procedure.
6. Approval obtained before any contingencies are implemented based
on established procedure.
7. Standard testing procedure are strictly followed for the newly installed
device/system.
Resources:
Tools, Materials and Equipment and Facilities
• ICT Laboratory
• Computer Table and Chairs
• Computers
• Printers
• LCD
• Webcam
• Digital Camera
• Installation CDs
• And other Computer Accessories

58
 LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Learning Outcome 2
PREPARE INSTALLER

Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read Information Sheet 1.2-1
2. on Personal Protective Equipment
3. Perform Task Sheet 1.2-1
on Personal Protective Equipment
The Focus of this Learning Outcome
4. Evaluate your own output using Performance is to develop students on
Criteria Checklist 1.2.1
5. Read Information Sheet 1.2-2
Go through the Information Sheets
on Introduction to Computer Operating
and answer self-checks to ensure that
System
the knowledge in different field will
meet the standard.
6. Answer Self-Check 1.2-2
Compare answer with Answer key 1.2-2

7. Read Information Sheet 1.2-3

on Software Packages And Use Of Application Be sure to follow OH&S to protect
Programs yourself from harm.

8. Answer Self-Check 1.2-3

Compare answer with Answer key 1.2-3
9. Read Information Sheet 1.2-4
on Peripheral Device
10. Answer Self-Check 1.2-4
Compare answer with Answer key 1.2-4
11. Read Information Sheet 1.2-5
on Multimedia Systems
12. Answer Self-Check 1.2-5
Compare answer with Answer key 1.2-5

13. Read Information Sheet 1.2-6

on Computer PC Hardware

14. Answer Self-Check 1.2-6

Compare answer with Answer key 1.2-6
15. Read Information Sheet 1.2-7
on LOCAL AREA NETWORKS (LANs) SYSTEMS
AND CONFIGURATIONS
16. Perform Task Sheet 1.2-7 on LOCAL AREA
NETWORKS (LANs) SYSTEMS AND
CONFIGURATIONS
17. Evaluate your own output using Performance
criteria Checklist 1.2-7
18. Read Information Sheet 1.2-8
on Computer Symptoms and Diagnosis
19. Perform Operation Sheet 1.2-8 on Computer
Symptoms and Diagnosis
20. Evaluate your own output using Performance
criteria Checklist 1.2-8
59(Page)
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-1

Personal Protective Equipment

Personal Protective Equipment

It refers to protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other gear designed

to protect the wearer's body or clothing from injury by electrical hazards, heat,
chemicals, and infection, for job-related occupational safety and health
purposes.

PPE can also be used to protect the working environment from pesticide
application, pollution or infection from the worker (for example in a microchip
factory).

Students even teacher during their laboratory period should require to

use of personal protective equipment. Some of these are:

• Goggles – A large spectacles, with

shields around the rims, for
protecting the eyes from dust,
excessive light, wind, etc.

• Rubber Sole – A special type of

shoes used to prevent electrical
shock and for waterproofing and
insulating purposes.

• Apron – A garment worn over the

front of the body as a protection for
one’s cloth.

60
 • Dust Mask- A covering for the face
to prevent the inhaling or
absorbing dust and other
chemicals

• Gloves - The covering material

with a separate sheath for each
finger used for hand protection.

Anti-Static and Safety Precautions

The little shock you experienced while you are walking across a
carpeted floor or touched a door knob, table, counter or even another person
is a result of static electricity. Static electricity is the discharge of electricity
between two objects with different electrical potential. Humans can't feel a
static shock until it is several thousand volts strong, but it takes less than 30
volts to fry a sensitive computer component, such as a stick of RAM or a
processor.

That's why computer technicians and home computer builders have to

guard their computers against the deadly ravages of static electricity, as well
as take steps to avoid injury to yourself

Safety and Anti-Static Rules

• When possible, try to avoid working in carpeted areas. Carpeting greatly

increases static buildup within your body.
• Always use an anti-static wrist strap when working on a computer
(except when working on monitors
• Always disconnect a computer from the AC power and from any
powered peripherals while you are working on it.

• Always grasp a metal part of the computer chassis with your bare hand
before you touch anything inside. Do this even if you are wearing an
anti-static wristband
• Always handle electronic components by a non-conducting (non-
metallic) edge. Don't touch the pins or other connectors.
• Never plug an ATX power supply into AC power unless it is connected
either to a computer's motherboard or to a dummy test load.
• Always use a UL-approved surge protector or an Uninterruptible Power
Supply that incorporates surge and spike protection.
• Never eat, drink, or smoke while working on a computer.
61
 TASK SHEET 1.2-1
Title: Personal Protective Equipment

Performance Objective: Given different kinds of PPE on the table

numbered 1 -10, you should be able to identify the
types of PPE by following the sequence.

Supplies/Materials : PPE materials

Equipment : PPE Equipment

Steps/Procedure:
1. The students are outside the room
2. They will enter the room one at a time if one is finish answering
the number 1.
3. They will give 10 seconds to identify the PPE found in the table.
4. After answering all the items they will pass it to the instructor
and exit the room.

Assessment Method:
Written Test

62
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-2

Introduction to Computer Operating System

Operating System (Os)

• is a software that manages computer resources and provides
programmers/users with an interface used to access those resources.

• is a layer of software which takes care of technical aspects of a

computer's operation. It shields the user of the machine from the low-
level details of the machine's operation and provides frequently needed
facilities.

Below is a listing of common operating systems available today, and who

developed them.

Operating system Developer Operating system Developer

Corel Linux Corel MS-DOS 5.x Microsoft
Linux Linux MS-DOS 6.x Microsoft
Torvalds
MAC OS 8 Apple Windows 2000 Microsoft
MAC OS 9 Apple Windows 2003 Microsoft
MAC OS 10 Apple Windows 95 Microsoft
MAC OS X Apple Windows 98 Microsoft
Mandrake Linux Mandrake Windows CE Microsoft
MS-DOS 1.x Microsoft Windows ME Microsoft
MS-DOS 2.x Microsoft Windows NT Microsoft
MS-DOS 3.x Microsoft Windows Vista Microsoft
MS-DOS 4.x Microsoft Windows XP Microsoft
Windows 2008 Microsoft
server R2
Microsoft
Windows 7 Microsoft
Windows 8.1 Microsoft
Windows 10

63
 SELF-CHECK 1.2.2

L.O. No. 2. Conduct validation and testing

Use a separate sheet of paper in answering.

1. Discuss the importance of Operating system .

2. Name some of the common operating systems used nowadays.

64
 QUIZ 4 ANSWER KEY 1.2-2
NAME:_____________________________________________DATE:_____________________

1.SECTION: ___________________________________________SCORE:_____________________
Operating System configures and manages hardware and it helps to
CORREECTED
connect BY: ____________________________________SIGNATURE:__________________
hardware and applications.

2. Common operating systems are MAC OS, Windows, MS-DOS and Linux.

65
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-3

Software Packages And Use Of Application Programs

Software is the component of a computer system which refers to the set

of instructions written in a code-that computers can understand and execute.
Another name for this set of instructions is program.

Three Types of Software

1. System Software
2. Application Software
3. Programming Language

System Software. This software tells the CPU what to do, a more common
term is Operating System (OS). The most popular OS in use for PC
microcomputer is Microsoft’s MS DOS. DOS for short is a collection of various
programs that help control your PC. Other operating systems are Microsoft
Windows (from the early Windows 95 and 98 to the current windows Vista,
OS 2, MAC OS, Unix, Linux and Apple’s OS 9.

Application Software. This is designed and written to perform specific

personal, business, or scientific processing tasks, such as payroll, processing,
human resource management, or inventory management. Common
Application software are the following:

• Word Processor – This serves as an electronic typewriter and even

more. With word processors, the user can easily produce quality
documents like memos and reports. Popular word processors include
MS Word and Word Perfect.

• Spreadsheets- These are programs that simulate a paper divided into

rows and columns, where values can be placed. These are used for
advanced numerical analysis and calculations. Some of the more
common spreadsheet programs are Lotus 1-2-3 and, Ms Excel and
Open Calculate.

• Database Programs – These serve to collect a structured collection of

data, which can later be managed and manipulated.

• Presentation Software – These are programs that allow users to create

electronic presentation for reports and other functions.
66
• Desktop Publishing Software – This allow the user to create page
makeups and do simple typesetting to produce various materials, such
as books pamphlets, reports, and booklets. Example of DTP software
are MS Publisher, and PageMaker.

• Reference Software – These are electronic versions of various

references such as encyclopedia, almanacs, atlases, dictionaries,
thesauri, and the like.

• Graphics Programs – These allow the creation and manipulation of

graphics, images, objects, and pictures. Some of the common graphics
programs are CorelDraw, Photoshop, and Computer Aided Design
(CAD)

• Educational Software – These include tutorials and electronic lessons

that give students knowledge or training in a particular subject or skill,
such as Math or Science or in gardening or cooking.

• Computer Games – These are programs that simulate real games or

provide entertainment and adventure to users.

• Network Software – These are programs that make it possible for

computers in different areas to be connected, allowing their users to
communicate with each other.

• Language Software – These provide programmers with the necessary

tools to write programs and instructions to computer.

• Programming Software. Programmers use this software for making

computer programs. Programming software is a tool to make software
using different programming languages.

67
 SELF-CHECK 1.2-3

A. TRUE OR FALSE. Write T if the statement is true and correct and F if

it is not. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering.

______ 1. Word processors are used to create special movie effects.

______ 2. Systems software tells the CPU what to do.
______ 3. Software refers to the set of instructions that computer can
understand and execute.
______ 4. Reference software includes tutorial and electronic lessons that give
students knowledge or training in a particular subject or skill.
_______5. Graphics Program allow the users to execute electronic
presentations for reports and other functions.

B. Discuss briefly the three types of software. 5 points

68
QUIZ 5 ANSWER KEY 1.2-3
NAME:_____________________________________________DATE:_____________________
A. True or False
SECTION: ___________________________________________SCORE:_____________________
1. False
CORREECTED BY: ____________________________________SIGNATURE:__________________
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. False

B.
1. System Software – tells the Central processing unit what to do.

2. Application Software – This is designed and written to perform specific

personal, business, or scientific processing tasks, such as payroll
processing, human resource management, or inventory management.

3. Programming Software - to make software using different programming

languages.

69
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-4

Peripheral Device
A peripheral device is any component or piece of equipment that
expands a computer’s input, storage, and output capabilities. Peripheral
devices serve specific purpose, enhance a computer’s functions, or add new
service or additional resources.
• Video Card - converts the processor’s output
information into a video signal that can be sent through
a cable to the monitor.
• Sound Card – enhances the computer’s
sound-generating capabilities by allowing sound to be
output Philips Screw Driver- Used to drive or fasten
positive slotted screws through speakers
• Monitor – is the display device that takes the
electrical signals from the video card and forms an
image using points of colored light on the screen.

MONITOR

SPEAKERS

• Speaker – plays sounds transmitted as

electrical signals from the sound card.
• Printer - an output device that produces text
and graphics on paper.

PRINTER

70
 • Keyboard – an input device that converts
letters, numbers, and other characters into electrical
signals readable by the processors.

•
KEYBOARD

MOUSE

• Mouse – is used for inputting commands and

to manipulate objects viewed on the computer display
screen.

• Microphone - a device that converts sounds to

electrical signals by means of a vibrating diaphragm.
• Scanner - it is an input device that reads text
or illustration printed on paper, translates the
information into a form that a computer can use.

SCANNER DIGITAL
CAMERA

• Digital Camera – use a light-sensitive

processor chip to capture photographic images in digital
form on a small diskette inserted in the camera or on
flash memory chips.
• Graphic tablet – objects are drawn using a
pen or a puck. The puck is technically a tablet cursor,
not a mouse.
• Joy Stick - a hand-held control stick that
allows a player to control the movements of a cursor on
a computer screen or a symbol in a video game .

71
 Sample Presentation / Illustration of Peripheral Devices

Other Peripheral Devices

• Hard-disk drive – is a storage device that stores billions of characters
of data on a nonremovable disk.

HARD DRIVE MODEM MODEM

• Modem – an electronic device that connects computers via a

telephone line, allowing the exchange of information.

72
 SELF-CHECK 1.2-4

A. Identification. Label the following peripheral devices and give their

functions.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering.

1.

2.

3.

4.

73
QUIZ 6 ANSWER KEY 1.2-4
NAME:_____________________________________________DATE:_____________________
1. Modem
SECTION: - allows a given computer to share data or otherwise a device which
___________________________________________SCORE:_____________________
let computers exchange information
CORREECTED BY: ____________________________________SIGNATURE:__________________
2. Mouse – It is used for pointing and also to easily access other commands
3. Keyboard – It is primarily used in entering and editing data
4. Speaker – It play sounds transmitted as electrical signals from the sound
card.
5. Monitor – It displays activity inside the computer

74
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-5

Multimedia Systems
Multimedia is the combination of different types of communication
media (sound, print, video, and so on)
Multimedia refers to computer system that lets the user access and
interact with computerized text high resolution still graphics, motion visuals,
and sound. Three elements in particular distinguish multimedia: sound,
motion, and the opportunity for interaction.
CD-ROM is the backbone of multimedia applications, a spinoff of audio
CD technology, stands for compact disk-read-only memory. The name implies
its application. CD ROM disks are created at a mastering facilities, just as
audio CDs are created at a recording studio. The following is a sampling of
available CD.
• The Grolier Electronic Encyclopedia
• The Oxford English Dictionary
• Microsoft Bookshelf
• Great Cities of the World
• Sound Effects
• The Animals
• World Atlas
• Dessert Storm and others

These days a desktop computer is usually a multimedia computer, with

sound and graphics capability. A multimedia computer features such
equipment as a fast processor, DVD device, sound card, graphics card and
speakers, and you may also wish to have headphones and microphones. You
may even wish to add scanner, sound recorder, and digital camera.

Multimedia presentations are becoming more and more prevalent.

These types of presentations are being used not only in encyclopedia and
other reference tools, but for selling a product or teaching a new concept.

75
 SELF-CHECK 1.2-5

1. What is multimedia? Give examples of communication media.

2. Discuss the importance of multimedia in maintaining, upgrading and
repairing our Personal Computers.

76
 QUIZ 7 ANSWER KEY 1.2-5
NAME:_____________________________________________DATE:_____________________
1. A multimedia
SECTION: is a combination of multiple communication media such
___________________________________________SCORE:_____________________
as text, graphics, video, animation, sounds and others.
CORREECTED BY: ____________________________________SIGNATURE:__________________

2. Since CD-ROM is the backbone of multimedia applications we now have

different software applications that help the computer technician or
even the user to maintain, upgrade, install and repair our computers.
3. Also to be considered the different websites from the internet that help
us in solving and fixing related problems.

77
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-6

Computer PC Hardware
HARDWARE Refers to the tangible (things you can touch) components of a
computer system. Hardware components are further divided into three
groups namely
• Input Devices
• Output devices
• System Unit

INPUT DEVICES. Performs the two most basic computing tasks: issuing
commands and entering data. Common input devices are the following:
- Keyboard – is a standard input device of most computers

KEYBOARD MOUSE

- Mouse – is a hand-clicked device used for pointing. The modern

mouse uses a ball for movement and has two to three buttons.
- Trackball – is like a stationary, upside down mouse.
- Joystick – is an input device which is commonly used for computer
games

JOYSTICK
LIGHT PEN

- Light pen – a device used to draw, write, or issue commands when

it touches a specially designed screen.

78
 OUTPUT DEVICES. After processing the data fed into computer with
the use of input devices, the information must now be outputted in a form
understood by human beings. Output devices are classified according to
the output they can produce. An output which you can hold in your hand
is called hard copy. Output types such as audio and video are referred to
as soft copy. The following are output devices used.

- Printer - - an output device that produces text and graphics on paper

NON-IMPACT PRINTER IMPACT PRINTER

- Video Monitors – The monitor, or display is used to provide soft copy

output. Video monitors are either monochrome or colored

VIDEO
MONITOR

SPEAKERS

• Speakers- play sounds transmitted as electrical signals from the sound

card.

• Modem – a device that sends and receives data over telephone lines to
and from computers.

Modem

79
 THE SYSTEM UNIT. The system unit is the part of the computer
which is responsible for accepting and processing the data brought in by
the input devices. It also responsible for passing the resulting information
to the users via the output devices.

• The Main Circuit Board - Also called the "system board," is the main
printed circuit board in an electronic device, which contains sockets
that accept additional boards. In a personal computer, the motherboard
contains the bus, CPU and coprocessor sockets, memory sockets,
keyboard controller and supporting chips.

MAIN CIRCUIT BOARD

• Port – is a connection from the main circuit board to a peripheral device

such as a keyboard, a printer or a video monitor. The port is also called
an interface. Ports are arranged at the rear of the main circuit board.

• Expansion Slot – is a receptacle inside a computer or other electronic

system that accepts printed circuit boards.

• The Bus. is responsible for transporting electronic signals from place

to place or specific predefined routes.
• The CPU – The CPU is the computer’s processor, controller and storage
device

80
• Case and Power Supply – is also known as the system unit, the case
or system cabinet is the box that houses the processor chip (CPU), the
memory chips, and the motherboard with power supply, as drive, and
CD-ROM or DVD drive. It include a power supply unit and a fan to
keep the circuitry free from overheating.

MAIN CIRCUIT
BOARD

• Clock – it synchronizes the operation of all parts of the PC, and provides
the basic timing signal for the CPU.

• Memory – The memory in a computer system is of two fundamental

types: The main memory and the secondary memory.

MAIN CIRCUIT
BOARD

• RAM-(Random Access Memory) is a group of memory chips, typically

of the dynamic RAM (DRAM) type, which function as the computer's
primary workspace. The "random" in RAM means that the contents of
each byte of storage in the chip can be directly accessed without regard
to the bytes before or after it.

• BIOS – The BIOS (Basic Input / Output System) is a ROM chip that
provide.

• CMOS – stores the configuration of the PC (example the password, disk

type, amount of memory installed, current time and data). CMOS
stands for Complimentary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor.

81
• Secondary Memory – Secondary memory is where programs and data
are kept for a long term basis. Common secondary storage devices are
the floppy disk and hard disk, Compact disk or CD.

• FLOPPY DISK – (or diskette) is as flimsy as a sheet of paper but is

protected by a sturdy, square jacket that encases it. It has a low
capacity, and is very, very slow compared to other storage devices.

FLOPPY DISK

PROCESSOR CHIP FLOPPY DRIVE

• HARD-DISK DRIVE – A hard-disk drive is a storage device that store
billons of characters of data on a nonremoveable disk platter.

HARD- DISK DRIVE CD-ROM/DVD Drive

• CD-ROM/DVD DRIVE – A CD (computer disk) drive, or its more recent

variant, a DVD (digital video disk, is a storage device that use laser
technology to read data from optical disks.

• VIDEO CARD – is a board that is plugged into a period computer to give

it display capabilities. It connects the processor’s output information
into a video signal that can be sent through a cable to the monitor.

VIDEO CARD SOUND CARD

82
 • SOUND CARD - enhances the computers sound generating capabilities
by allowing sound to be output through speakers.

• MODEM – A modem is a device that sends and receives data over

telephone lines to and from computers.

MODEM

IDE CABLE / FLOPPY CABLES

• POWER CABLES – it supplies power from the power supply to the drive.
The power cables are red, yellow and black. The yellow wire furnishes
12 volts of power, the red wire furnishes 5 volts of power, the two black
wire are ground wire for each.

• IDE AND FLOPPY DISK RIBBON CABLE – IDE stands for Integrate
Device Electronics. It shows how to connect an IDE cable to two devices
namely the top device (master) and the bottom device (slave).

83
 SELF-CHECK 1.2-6

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer.

Use a separate sheet of paper in answering.

1. What do you call a device converts computer output into display images?
a. Floppy disk c. Printer
b. Monitor d. Processor
2. Which of the following is a secondary storage device?
a. Floppy Disk Drive c. Printer
b. Memory Chip d. Processor
3. If you want to enhance your computer’s capabilities, which would you
install?
a. Monitor c. Speaker
b. Sound Card d. Video Card
4. What part of the main circuit board would you connect a peripheral
device such as keyboard, printer or video monitor?
a. The Bus c. Expansion Slot
b. Port d. Cable
5. You want a hard copy of your input, which would provide you this?
a. Monitor c. Speaker
b. Printer d. Video Camera

B. TRUE OR FALSE. Write True if the statement is correct and False if it

is wrong.

1. The main memory is a software component.

2. Processing is the manipulation by which a computer transforms data
into information.
3. The operating system is the part of the system software.
4. Input devices include the keyboard and the mouse.
5. Main memory is where programs and data are kept on along term basis.

84
 QUIZ 8 ANSWER KEY 1.2-6
NAME:_____________________________________________DATE:_____________________
a) Multiple
SECTION: Choice.
___________________________________________SCORE:_____________________
1. a
CORREECTED BY: ____________________________________SIGNATURE:__________________
2. c
3. d
4. b
5. c

b) True or False
1. False
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. False

85
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-7
INSTALLATION OF HARDWARE COMPONENTS AND OTHER PERIPHERALS

One of the basic skills that you must acquire in computer hardware servicing is
to independently assemble and disassemble a personal computer or simply setting up
a PC. After familiarizing with all the tools, devices, peripherals and safety precautions
I believe that you are now ready to gain another experience in CHS by going through
this lesson.

Personal Computer Disassembly

Before starting computer disassembly, make sure you have the tools you need
and they're all close by and handy and be sure to have a container to keep the screws
in so you have them when you want to put things back together.

Step1. Unplugging - The first thing you do is to unplug every cable that is plugged in
to your computer. That includes the cables such as Power, USB, Mouse, Keyboard,
Internet, Ethernet, Modem, AM\FM Antenna, Cable TV, etc. Just unplug all the cables
for safety purposes.

Now that your computer is fully unplugged, move your PC to a clean work
space.

Step2.Opening the Outer Shell/Case- First, unscrew the four screws at the back of
the computer. On most computer cases, there will be large knobs that you can unscrew
by hand or by screw driver on the back-right side of the computer. The left side has
small screws because on that side you can't access much on the inside.

Figure 32. Screw at the back of computer chasis

Once the screws are removed, you can remove the side panels. On most
computers, they just slide off. Start with the left side panel (the side that once had the
knobs), slide it towards the back of the computer. Now you can remove the left panel.
Just like the other side, slide it towards the back of the computer.

86
 Side
Panel

Figure 33. Removing the side panel

NOTICE:
If you are working on a carpet, about every five minutes touch
something that is grounded (Sink faucet / pipe, wire coming
from the ground part of a wall outlet). This is done so you do
not shock your motherboard or other parts.

Step3. Removing the System Fan - First, unplug the fan from the motherboard. You
can find the plug by following the wire from the fan. It should be labeled "SYS_FAN1".
Next, you will have to unscrew the fan from the outside. You should now be able to lift
the fan out of the PC.

System Fan

Figure 34. Removing the system fan

Step4. Removing the CPU Fan- The CPU fan is located right on top of the CPU heat
sink, which is a large piece of metal with fins on the top. The CPU fan plugs into the
motherboard in an awkward place, that is hard to access. But just follow the wires and
you should easily find it. It is labeled "CPU FAN1". To remove the fan from the heat
sink, remove the four screws securing it in place.

87
 CPU Fan
Figure 35. Removing the CPU fan

Step5. Power Supply - The first thing to do is unplug every wire coming from the
power supply. You must disconnect the motherboard (very large connector/plug),
CD/DVD drive(s) power, internal hard drive power and portable hard drive slot power.
Once everything is unplugged, unscrew the four screws holding the power
supply in place, on the back of the computer. Next, push the power supply from the
outside, and then lift it out.

Figure36. Unscrew the power supply

Step6. CD/ DVD Drive(s)-First, unplug the ribbon from the back of the drive. Once
that is completed, pull on the tab
securing the drive in place, then
push it out from the inside.

CD / DVD
Drive

Figure 37. Location of CD / DVD Drive

88
Step7. Hard Drive - First, unplug the connector at the back of the slot, and unplug the
other end from the motherboard. Also unplug the SATA cable from the motherboard
and the hard drive. The portable hard drive slot is secured the same way the CD/DVD
drive is, with a tab. Pull on the tab, then slide the slot out.

Figure 38. Unplugging the Hard Drive connector

To remove the hard drive from the side of the slot, unscrew the four screws securing
it in place. You must be very careful not to drop the hard drive, since it is very delicate!

Figure 39. Removing the hard

drive from the side of the slot
Step8. Memory (RAM) - To remove the RAM, push down on both tabs holding the
RAM in place, which are located at both ends of the RAM.

Figure 40. Removing the Memory

89
Step9. Motherboard - The motherboard has seven screws holding it to the frame,
which are indicated by large white circles around them. Remove them and then lift the
motherboard out of the frame.

Figure 41. Removing the Motherboard

Personal Computer Assembly

Now that you have the skills in disassembling a personal computer, Ibelieve
that you are ready to take another step of this module which is assembling a personal
computer. All you need to do is to follow the step by step procedures provided in this
module.

Step 1. Prepare your workplace

1. Take Inventory:
Before you start, take an inventory of your parts. Do not begin assembling your
computer if you don't have everything you need. Begin the step-by-step process once
you are ready with everything you need.

Figure 42. Take inventory of the Different Computer Parts

2. Make Space, Make Time:
Building a PC takes up space - about a dining room table worth. So make sure
you have plenty of working room and a few hours to proceed with minimal interruption.
Work on a flat, stable table top surface, or bare floor, where you have room to layout
all of the items.
90
3. Prepare Grounding Protection:
Use an inexpensive antistatic wrist strap. Make sure you are wearing your
antistatic wrist strap correctly (it does you no good at all if you do not wear it!), and you
are ready to proceed. Look at Figure 43 for details.

Figure 43. Wearing the Anti- static Wrist Strap Correctly

4. Have the Drivers Ready:

Assuming you have another internet connected PC, download the latest drivers
from the vendors' websites for each component you will be installing. Sometimes
drivers are updated between the time the component was manufactured and the time
you are installing it. It is always best to have the latest. Copy them to a CD for easy
access.

Step 2. Prepare the Motherboard

1. Great care should be taken when

installing the motherboard. First, take the
board out of its packaging and put it on
top of the antistatic bag it came in (see
Figure 45). Remember, you always want
to safeguard your components from
potentially hazardous static electricity
(wear your strap).

Figure 44. Motherboard in an

Antistatic Bag
2. Before you secure the motherboard onto the PC case/chassis, inspect it
carefully for any visible defects.
3. Next, review the motherboard manual, to make sure you are familiar with the
motherboard layout and understand which socket is which. Manuals are
extremely helpful, usually easy to read, and include illustrations. Below you can
find instructions on how to install the processor, the heat sink and the memory
modules on the motherboard. You should not place the motherboard in the
computer case until you are told to do so.

91
Step 3. Install the CPU

1. Use the unlocking mechanism to

open the CPU socket which is
usually a lever.
2. Carefully line up the pins and place
the chip in its socket; it will fit only
when oriented the proper way. An
arrow or a missing pin on one
corner of the chip will show you
how to line things up.
3. Align Triangular CPU and socket
key marks as shown in Figure 46.
4. Lower the lever to lock the CPU
into place.

Figure 45. Install CPU

Step 4. Install the CPU Heat Sink

1. Follow the manufacturer's directions to install the heat sink and the fan that will
cool the processor. If you bought an OEM CPU and a separate heat sink, you
may need to spread a thin layer of the thermal grease that came with the heat
sink over the chip to ensure proper transfer of heat (some heat sinks come with
this grease already
applied).

Figure 46. Install CPU Heat Sink

3. Attach the clip that holds the heat sink in place keeping in mind that it may
require a fair amount of force. Again, follow the instructions that came with the
heat sink. They will show you how to fit it correctly. If you are in doubt, you can
visit the manufacturer's website for more information.

4. Plug the CPU fan's power connector into the proper connector on the
motherboard.

92
Step 5. Install Memory (RAM Modules)

In order to install the memory

modules, insert them into the proper
sockets (Figure 48) and push down
firmly but evenly until the clips on both
sides of the socket pop into place. If
your motherboard supports dual-
channel memory, consult the user
manual to determine which pairs of
RAM sockets you should use. The
motherboard and the CPU are the brain
and nerve center of your PC, so
selecting these components is the most
important decision you'll make.
Figure 47. Install RAM Memory

Step 6. Place the motherboard into the case

1. Some PC cases have a removable motherboard tray. If yours does, remove the
screws holding it in place and pull it out of the case (Figure 49).

Figure 48. Remove Motherboard Tray

2. Note the pattern of the holes in your motherboard (Figure 50), and screw brass
standoffs into the motherboard tray or into the PC case in the correct locations
(ALWAYS check the manual and follow their instructions to the letter).

93
 Figure 49. Screw Brass Standoffs Into the Motherboard
3. Check the layout of the sockets on the motherboard, and confirm that the ports on
your motherboard's back panel match the holes on the case's Input/Output (I/O) shield
that is installed in your case. If necessary, remove the old I/O shield by tapping it firmly
a few times with the butt-end of a screwdriver, and then replace it with the shield that
came with the new motherboard.
4. Carefully position the motherboard on top of the brass standoffs (Figure 51), line up
all the holes, and use the screws that accompanied the case to fasten down the
motherboard. If you are using a removable tray in your system, slide the tray and
motherboard back into the case and then secure the tray.

Figure 50. Case’s I /O Shield

Figure 51. Mount the Motherboard

Step 7. Connect the Power Supply

Making the proper connections is crucial to successfully assembling your PC

system. Fortunately, manufacturers provide color-coded power cables and unique
connector shapes to make the job easy.
1. First, plug the large ATX power connector (Figure 53) from your power supply into
the matching port on your motherboard. Look Figure X for details.
2. Locate the smaller, square processor power connector (Figure 54) (you cannot miss
it - it is the one sprouting the yellow and black wires) and attach it to the motherboard.
Note: your connector is usually located near the processor. As always, refer to
your motherboard's manual for the exact locations.

94
3. Use your motherboard user manual and find the description about front-panel
connectors.

Figure 53. Large ATX Connector

Figure 52. Connect the ATX Power in the Motherboard

Figure 53. Square Processor Power Connector

NOTE:
You are going to be doing work that requires attention to detail and can be quite
frustrating if you do not go into it with the right attitude.

4. Attach each of the tiny leads from the power and reset switches (Figure 56), the
hard-disk activity lights, the PC speaker, and any front-panel USB and FireWire ports
to the corresponding pin on your motherboard. The needle-nose pliers are useful for
manipulating small pieces.

95
 Figure 54. Connect the different Leads

Step 8. Install Graphics / Video Cards

1. Begin by removing the backplane cover from the AGP or PCI Express X16 slot
(the metal piece where the monitor connector will emerge) (Figure 55).

Figure 55. Remove the backplane cover

2. Install the graphics board in that slot, and then secure the card with a screw
(Figure 56).

Figure 56. Install the Graphics Board

96
Step 9. Install Internal Drives

Now it is time to install your drives. This is an easy process, but it requires attention to
detail.

1. Make any necessary changes to jumpers on the drives before mounting them
in the case. A two-drive system (one or two SATA (Serial ATA- is a standard
hardware interface for connecting hard drives and CD/DVD drives to
acomputer) hard drives, plus one parallel ATA
(Advanced Technology Attachment) optical drive, for example) is easy to set
up; the SATA drives are jumper less, and the optical drive can be set as master
on its own parallel ATA channel. Many cases have removable drive rails or
cages to house drives.

2. Use the included screws to attach your drives to the rails or cage, and slide
them into the case. For externally accessible drives such as a DVD recorder,
you can save time by installing one drive rail and sliding the drive in for a test
fitting to make sure that its front is flush with the case (Figure 57).

3. When the drives are installed, connect power and data cables to each one.
Parallel ATA drives use wide, flat data cables that can be installed only in the
correct way. Floppy drives use a similar but smaller cable; SATA drives use a
thin, 1cm-wide data cable. SATA drives use a new type of power connector that
many power supplies don't come with. Fortunately, many motherboards ship
with adapters for converting a standard four-pin power connector to a SATA
power connector (Figure 57).

Figure 57. Attach your devices

97
 Figure 58. Connect Power Connector

Step 10. Install the Add- in Cards

1. For each add-in card, you must choose a free PCI slot.
1. Remove its backplane cover to allow access from the rear of the case.
3. Carefully position the card above the slot, and press down firmly to seat the
card (Figure 59).
4. Secure the card with a screw.

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 Figure 59. Add- in Cards

Many motherboards have additional sound connectors or ports housed on small

add-in boards. Some of these plug into slots on the motherboard; others screw into
the back of the case in place of slot covers. Usually the additional ports are not
essential to your PC's operation. For example, if you install a sound card, you do not
need connectors to the motherboard's built-in sound chip. Check your motherboard
manual to determine what each of these boards does.

Connecting Peripherals of a Personal Computer

When attaching hardware and peripherals of the computer, ensure that they
are connected to the correct locations or ports. For example, some mouse and
keyboard cables use the same type of PS/2 connector. So, you must know first the
different ports that can be found in the back panel of the computer.

Keep in mind:
1. When attaching cables, never force a connection.
2. Plug in the power cable after you have connected all other cables.

Steps in Connecting Peripherals of a PC

Step 1.Attach the monitor cable to the video port.
Step 2.Secure the cable by tightening the screws on the connector.
Step 3.Plug the keyboard cable into the PS/2 keyboard port.
Step 4.Plug the mouse cable into the PS/2 mouse port.
Step 5.Plug the USB cable into a USB port.
Step 6.Plug the network cable into the network port.
Step 7.Plug the power cable into the power supply.

99
 Figure 60.Steps in Connecting Peripherals of a PC

After connecting all the cables into their proper places, the picture in the next
page should be the appearance of the back panel of your PC.

Figure 61. Appearance of the PC’s Back Panel

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 TASK SHEET 1.2-7
Title: Assemble computer hardware

Performance Objective: Given the supplies, you should be able to

Assemble computer hardware by following
procedures below.

Supplies/Materials : system unit, screw driver

Equipment : system unit, assembly table

Steps/Procedure:
Step 1. Prepare your workplace
Step 2. Prepare the Motherboard
Step 3. Install the CPU
Step 4. Install the CPU Heat Sink
Step 5. Install Memory (RAM Modules)
Step 6. Place the motherboard into the case
Step 7. Connect the Power Supply
Step 8. Install Graphics / Video Card
Step 9. Install Internal Drives
Step 10. Install the Add- in Cards

Connecting Peripherals of a Personal Computer

Step 1.Attach the monitor cable to the video port.
Step 2.Secure the cable by tightening the screws on the connector.
Step 3.Plug the keyboard cable into the PS/2 keyboard port.
Step 4.Plug the mouse cable into the PS/2 mouse port.
Step 5.Plug the USB cable into a USB port.
Step 6.Plug the network cable into the network port.
Step 7.Plug the power cable into the power supply.

Assessment Method:
Demonstration and inventory

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 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 1.2-7

CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
Prepare your workplace
Prepare the Motherboard
Install the CPU
Install the CPU Heat Sink
Install Memory (RAM Modules)
Place the motherboard into the case
Connect the Power Supply
Install Graphics / Video Cards
Install Internal Drives
Install the Add- in Cards
Attach the monitor cable to the video port.
Secure the cable by tightening the screws on the connector.
Plug the keyboard cable into the PS/2 keyboard port.
Plug the mouse cable into the PS/2 mouse port.
Plug the USB cable into a USB port.
Plug the network cable into the network port.
Plug the power cable into the power supply.

102
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-8

Introduction to BIOS

Inside every PC out there is BIOS, which stands for Basic Input Output
System. In a nutshell, BIOS is software that interacts between a computers
hardware and the operating system and software applications. There are
several types of BIOS', ranging from the motherboard ROM BIOS to adapter
BIOS' such as video BIOS, drive controller BIOS, network adapter BIOS,
SCSI adapter BIOS, etc... These BIOS' are the lowest level of software in a
computer providing a set of small programs or software routines that allow
the hardware of a computer to interact with the operating system by a set of
standard calls.

I hope to provide a through understanding of how the BIOS works and leave
you with a better understanding of it's interworkings. At the same time, I
hope to show how complex a BIOS is in relation to it's relationship with the
operating system and the software applications you use everyday. Enjoy.

The Boot Process

To get to the operating system, a computer must first boot from the
BIOS. The BIOS performs a number of tasks when a computer is
started. From initializing the microprocessor to initializing and testing
hardware to starting the operating system. Starting a computer is not a
simple task. It's a methodical process that is performed every time power is
applied to computer. Here is a detailed description of the boot process. This
process will vary with different computers and different BIOS', but the
overall goal is the same. When you first turn on a computer the very first
operation performed by the CPU is to read the address space at
FFFF:0000h. This address space it reads from is only 16 bytes, which is not
nearly enough space to house the BIOS found on a motherboard. Instead,
this location contains a special instruction called a jump command (JMP)
that tells the processor where to go to find and read the actual BIOS into
memory. The process of the processor reading the jump instruction and
redirection to the actual BIOS is called the bootstrap or boot. So, when you
apply power, it's not the operating system that's working. It's the BIOS.

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First, I want to get something straight. The CMOS and the BIOS are two
different things. The BIOS refers to the firmware instructions that are
located on the BIOS ROM. CMOS refers to the low-power RAM that holds
the system's setup parameters. The BIOS reads the CMOS RAM into
memory at boot up and provides the setup routine that allows you to change
the contents of CMOS, but the CMOS RAM/RTC device is a totally different
IC. The CMOS holds the information provided by the BIOS. This is why you
"lose" the settings of a system when the battery dies or you clear the CMOS
through a jumper on the motherboard.

With today's high performance 32 bit operating systems, the BIOS becomes
less used, but it is still there, always interacting with the operating system.
Disk access, for example, is done through the operating system with 32-bit
routines, whereas the BIOS is using 16-bit routines. Although the BIOS
provides VGA support, Windows and other 32-bit operating systems use
software device drivers to work with the hardware. Early OS's, like DOS,
worked with the BIOS. DOS relied on the BIOS to perform most functions,
like displaying characters on the screen or sending output to the printer,
reading input from the keyboard and other essential tasks. These drivers,
which operate in protected mode(since they aren't written for real mode, they
are able to use memory above the 1MB barrier that real mode provides),
allow for several enhancements. They can access more memory, can be
written in 32-bit code for optimized execution and are not limited to the
amount of space available to their code. However, regardless of OS, whether
it's Windows 2000, Linux or DOS, the BIOS and the operating system still
interact with each other.

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 Here is a basic rundown of what is happening:

1. Power is applied to the computer

When power is applied to the system and all output voltages from the
power supply are good, the power supply will generate a power good signal
which is received by the motherboard timer. When the timer receives this
signal, it stops forcing a reset signal to the CPU and the CPU begins
processing instructions.

2. Actual boot

The very first instruction performed by a CPU is to read the contents of a

specific memory address that is preprogrammed into the CPU. In the case
of x86 based processors, this address is FFFF:0000h. This is the last 16
bytes of memory at the end of the first megabyte of memory. The code that
the processor reads is actually a jump command (JMP) telling the processor
where to go in memory to read the BIOS ROM. This process is traditionally
referred to as the bootstrap, but now commonly referred to as boot and has
been broadened to include the entire initialization process from applying
power to the final stages of loading the operating system.

3. POST

POST stands for Power On Self Test. It's a series of individual functions
or routines that perform various initialization and tests of the computers
hardware. BIOS starts with a series of tests of the motherboard
hardware. The CPU, math coprocessor, timer IC's, DMA controllers, and
IRQ controllers. The order in which these tests are performed varies from
mottherboard to motherboard. Next, the BIOS will look for the presence of
video ROM between memory locations C000:000h and C780:000h. If a video
BIOS is found, It's contents will be tested with a checksum test. If this test
is successful, the BIOS will initialize the video adapter. It will pass controller
to the video BIOS, which will inturn initialize itself and then assume
controller once it's complete. At this point, you should see things like a
manufacturers logo from the video card manufacturer video card description
or the video card BIOS information. Next, the BIOS will scan memory from
C800:000h to DF800:000h in 2KB increments. It's searching for any other
ROM's that might be installed in the computer, such as network adapter

105
 cards or SCSI adapter cards. If a adapter ROM is found, it's contents are
tested with a checksum test. If the tests pass, the card is initialized.
Controller will be passed to each ROM for initialization then the system
BIOS will resume controller after each BIOS found is done initializing. If
these tests fail, you should see a error message displayed telling you "XXXX
ROM Error". The XXXX indicates the segment address where the faulty
ROM was detected. Next, BIOS will begin checking memory at
0000:0472h. This address contains a flag which will tell the BIOS if the
system is booting from a cold boot or warm boot. A value of 1234h at this
address tells the BIOS that the system was started from a warm boot. This
signature value appears in Intel little endian format , that is, the least
significant byte comes first, they appear in memory as the sequence 3412.
In the event of a warm boot, the BIOS will will skip the POST routines
remaining. If a cold start is indicated, the remaining POST routines will be
run. During the POST test, a single hexadecimal code will be written to port
80h. Some other PC's send these codes to other ports however. Compaq
sends them to port 84h, IBM PS/2 model 25 and 30 send them to port 90h,
model 20-286 send them to port 190h. Some EISA machines with an Award
BIOS send them to port 300h and system with the MCA architecture send
them to port 680h. Some early AT&T, Olivetti, NCR and other AT Clones
send them to the printer port at 3BC, 278h or 378h. This code will signify
what is being tested at any given moment. Typically, when the BIOS fails at
some point, this code will tell you what is failing.

4. Looking for the Operating System

Once POST is complete and no errors found, the BIOS will begin
searching for an operating system. Typically, the BIOS will look for a DOS
Volume Boot Sector on the floppy drive. If no operating system is found, it
will search the next location, the hard drive C. If the floppy drive (A), has a
bootable floppy in it, the BIOS will load sector 1, head 0, cylinder 0 from the
disk into memory starting at location 0000:7C00h. The first program to load
will be IO.SYS, then MSDOS.SYS. If the floppy does not contain a DOS
volume boot sector, then BIOS will next search the computers hard drive for
a master partition boot sector and load it into memory at
0000:7C00h. There are some occasions in which you will encounter
problems with the proper loading of the Volume Boot Sector. Below are
some of those:
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 A. If the first byte of the Volume Boot Sector is less than 6h, then
you will receive a message similar to "Diskette boot record error".

B. If the IO.SYS or MSDOS.SYS are not the first two files in the
Volume Boot Sector, then you will see a message similar to "Non-system
disk or disk error".

C. If the Volume Boot Sector is corrupt or missing, you will get a

message similar to "Disk boot failure"

Once the BIOS has searched for a bootable floppy device, it should turn it's
attention to the next boot device it's programmed to look for. The next
device is typically the hard drive, or C. Like a floppy drive, the BIOS will
attempt to load the Volume Boot Sector from sector 1, head 0, cylinder 0
from the Master Boot Sector, or MBS, into memory starting at
0000:7C00h. The BIOS will check the last two bytes of the MBS. They
should be 55h and AAh respectively. If they are not, then you will receive an
error message similar to "No boot device available" and "System initialization
will halt". If they are correct, then the BIOS will continue the loading
process. At this point, the BIOS will scan the MBR in search of any
extended partitions. If any extended partitions are identified, the original
boot sector will search for a boot indicator byte which indicates a active and
bootable partition. If it cannot find one, you will receive a message similar
to "Invalid partition table".

At this, once a active partition is found, the BIOS will search for a Volume
Boot Sector on the bootable partition and load the VBS into memory and
test it. If the VBS is not readable or corrupt, you will see a message similar
to "Error loading operating system". At the point, the BIOS will read the last
two bytes of the VBS. These bytes should be 55h and AAh respectively. If
they are not, then you will see a message similar to "Missing operating
system" It is at this point that the BIOS will begin loading of the operating
system.

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 Plug and Play

Intel and Microsoft took the first stab at Plug and Play with the specification
for ISA on May 28, 1993. Later, Compaq, Phoenix and Intel developed the
BIOS specification for Plug and Play, first released on November 1, 1993.
Plug and Play requires three elements of the system be written to it's
standards. The motherboard BIOS, the operating system, and the boards
and peripherals attached to the PC. Devices that don't conform are
considered legacy devices.

The basic procedure for plug and play is a three step process. First, the
system checks what resources are needed for each expansion device. Next,
the system coordinates assignments to IRQ's, DMA's and I/O Ports to avoid
conflicts and finally, the system tells the software what choices it has made.
In order to do this, the BIOS calls upon specific features of a plug and play
expansion board. To achieve this, the expansion board must be able to
deactivate itself from normal control signals to avoid conflicts with other
devices. In addition to this, each expansion board has registers that are
accessed through standard I/O port addresses so the BIOS and operating
system can configure the board. These ports are Address, Write Data and
Read Data.

The Address port functions like a pointer the expands the control registers
accessible to your system without stealing more system resources. The plug
and play specification defines eight card control registers and two large
ranges. One range of 24 registers for future expansion of the standard and
another 16 registers for board makers for their own purposes. The Address
port allows the Write Data port to choose which logical devices reactive and
the resources used by them. Some boards, such as video adapters and disk
controller cards, start up active because they are needed at bootup. Other
devices, such as sound cards, modems and such come up inactive during
boot and wait to be configured for use by the operating system. Typically,
any board that starts up inactive, stays this way until specifically activated
by the operating system. Every plug and play board has specific circuitry
that handles this configuration process, always monitoring the signals of the
bus. Every plug and play devices operates in four states. Wait for Key,
Isolation, Configuration and Sleep.

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 All plug and play devices, whether inactive or active, bootup in their Wait for
Key state. In this state, each board will refuse to respond until they receive
the Initialization Key. This Initialization key is a 32-step process between the
host system and each expansion board. In order for the initialization to be
successful, this 32-step must be correct. Once this is successful, the
expansion board shifts itself into Sleep.

BIOS and Boot Sequences

Phoenix
American Megatrends
Technologies

1 Disable the NMI Check the CPU

Test CMOS
2 Power-on Delay
RAM
BIOS ROM
3 Initialize chipsets
checksum
4 Reset determination Test chipset(s)
5 BIOS ROM checksum Test PIT
6 Keyboard test Test DMA
Test base 64KB
7 CMOS shutdown check
memory
Check serial
8 Controller disable and parallel
ports
9 Disable video Test PIC
Check the
Keyboard
10 Detect memory
Controller
(KBC)
Verify CMOS
11 PIT test
data
Verify video
12 Check memory refresh
system
13 Check low address lines Test RTC
Test CPU in
14 Check low 64KB RAM
protected mode
15 Initialize support IC's Verify PIC 2
16 Load INT vector table Check NMI
Check the
17 Check the Keyboard Controller (KBC)
keyboard
Check the
18 Video tests
mouse
19 Check system
Load the BDA
RAM
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 Test disk
20 Test memory
controller
Set shadow
21 Check DMA registers
RAM areas
Check
22 Check the keyboard
extended ROMs
Test cache
23 Perform high-level tests
controller
24 Load the OS Test CPU cache
Check
25 hardware
adapters
26 Load the OS

BIOS Manufacturers

There are a number of BIOS manufacturers, but the three leader's are
Phoenix Software, American Megatrends and Award Software. Each of these
BIOS manufacturers produce BIOS's for PC's and each has it's strong points
and weaknesses. It is not my goal or intention to lean towards one
manufacturer over the other. One of my PC's has an Award BIOS and the
other has a AMI BIOS, so these are the BIOS's in which I will be using for
most of this discussion.

The BIOS Functions

The BIOS is comprised of several independent functions or routines that are

distinct from one another. Even though these routines are separate and
distinct from one another, they get stored in the same memory location. The
BIOS is way to refer to each of these separate functions as a entire group.
There are functions that test the computer, routines to let software take
control, and PnP (in some) to determine which peripherals are installed and
that these components do not conflict with one another in I/O activities and
memory allocation.

110
 The computer BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is found on Windows
computers. The BIOS is the first application launched during the computer’s
boot process. The program is used to check for and initialize computer
hardware during the start-up process prior to passing control of the
computer to the operating system. Unlike the OS that is normally saved on
the local hard drive, a computer’s BIOS is stored as updateable firmware on
a ROM (Read Only Memory), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable
Memory), or flash memory chip on the motherboard.

When was BIOS Invented?

Gary Kildall is credited with invented the term BIOS which first appeared in
the CP/M operating system in 1975. At the time, it was used to describe the
part of the OS loaded during the boot time which directly interfaced with the
computer hardware. Microsoft DOS adopted these ideas in the first versions
of DOS that included similar .COM and .SYS files very similar to those used
in CP/M. Other legacy terms used for the bootstrap functionality of BIOS
were boot loader, boot monitor, and boot ROM. Through the early 1990s, the
PC’s BIOS was stored on either PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory) or
ROM chips located on the computer’s motherboard. As the demand for
increased complexity and to update the BIOS increased, the computer’s
BIOS were shifted to being stored on flash memory drives or EEPROM chips
in the mid-1990s. Today, the size of some computer BIOS’s can exceed 16
megabytes in size.

What is the Computer BIOS?

The Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) is tasked with conducting a power-

on self-test when a computer is initially turned on or booted. After
completing this test, the BIOS is responsible for initializing the computer
host and attached hardware such as the hard drive, CPU, mousse,
keyboard, video card(s), RAM, and other major hardware. Once this step is
complete, the boot loader software will be located (typically on the
computer’s hard drive or CD/DVD drive). Once located, control of the
system will be passed to the OS to continue the system boot or start
process.
On virtually every computer available, the basic input/output system, or
BIOS, of your computer makes sure all the other components function
together smoothly. Without BIOS, you wouldn't be able to load your
operating system. How much do you know about this unsung hero of the
computer world?

The computer BIOS on a computer running the Windows OS is firmware

stored on a flash memory or EEPROM chip located on the computer’s
motherboard. The computer’s BIOS can be updated by the end-user through
the BIOS UI (user interface) and provides functionality to: change or set the
system clock, turning off system hardware, selecting the drive or device to
111
use as a computer boot device, configure system hardware, and setting
system or BIOS passwords. With each new generation of computer
hardware, both the functionality included in the BIOS and size of the
programming code saved in the firmware has increased. The extensible
firmware interface (EFI) was released in the mid-2000’s as an alternative to
BIOS on 64 bit computers,
Linux Kernel 2.6.1 or newer,
and x86 or Intel chipped Mac
computers.

What is the BIOS Sequence?

The BIOS sequence has
commonalities across Windows
PCs, but is specific to the
computer manufacturer. Across
manufacturers, the BIOS will
normally begin with a check of
the CMOS (Configuration
Memory Operating System) for
any specialized settings for the
computer. Next, it will load the
computer’s device drivers and
computer hardware interrupts.
Power management and the computer handlers will be initialized, and BIOS
will also conduct a self-test for power. The system settings will be displayed,
and it will determine the bootable devices in or connected to the computer
and start the host’s boot sequence based on the preferred device to load the
computer’s operating system. The order that these checks are accomplished
can be modified by the computer manufacturer based on specific needs of
the platform.

How to Change the BIOS through CMOS

In order to change the BIOS settings through the CMOS setup and interface,
the end-user must access the setup during the boot process of the
computer. This access relies upon a combination of one or more key strokes
during the computer’s start-up to interrupt the start-up process. For most
Windows computers, these keys or sequence of required keys will be
displayed on the computer’s screen during reboot. Once the user gains
access to the CMOS setup, there will be several options available to him or
her to make changes. Unlike the traditional Windows interface, the BIOS
configuration user interface (UI) does not support the use of the Windows
mouse. Keyboard keys such as the arrow keys and “+” or “-“symbols must
be used to navigate through the setup menus and make changes. Available
settings for modification include changing the system date and time, Plug-
and-Play setting modifications, driver configuration, password settings,
changing the system boot sequence, memory settings, and changing how the
computer’s power is managed. Once the BIOS is changed through the
112
 computer’s CMOS interface, it will save the changes and force a restart of
the computer for them to take place.

What are the Common BIOS Access Codes?

When looking for the common BIOS access codes, the key strokes will vary a
bit depending on the BIOS supplier and computer vendor. Each of these
entities has their own codes built-in to the computer to allow access to the
BIOS setup. The following list includes some of the more commonly
encountered codes:

BIOS Supplier Codes

Bios supplier codes are normally included on OEM built or supplied

computers intended for resale to consumers.

Advanced Logic Research (ALR) – There are two access codes: “F2″ or
“CTRL” + ”ALT” + “ESC”.
Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) – Access code is: “F1″.
American Megatrends (AMI) – Access code is “Del”.
Award BIOS – There are two access codes: “DEL” or “CTRL” + ”ALT” + ”ESC”.
Datatech Enterprises (DTK) – Access code is: “CTRL” + “ALT” + “ESC”.
Pheonix BIOS – There are two access codes: “CTRL” + “ALT” + “INS” or
“CTRL” + “ALT” + “INS”.

Computer Vendor BIOS Codes

Every computer manufacturer typically customizes the BIOS to work more

efficiently with the computer hardware and software included in the specific
computer system. Some of the BIOS setups will require a password to
access. This is normally due to the password “feature” being turned on by
an administrator. The following are the most common BIOS access codes
used by the major computer manufacturers:

Acer – There are three access codes: “F1″, “F2″ or “CTRL” + “ALT” + “ESC”.
ARI – There are two codes: “CTRL” + “ALT” + “ESC” or “CTRL” + “ALT” +
“DEL”
AST – There are two codes: “CTRL” + “ALT” + “ESC” or “CTRL” + “ALT” +
“DEL”
Compaq – The access code is: “F10″.
CompUSA – The access code is: “DEL”.
Cybermax – The access code is: “ESC”.
Dell Computers– The access codes are: “F1″, “F2″, “F3″, “F10″, “F12″, “Del”
or “FN
+ “F1″ on Dell laptops.
eMachines – The two access codes are: “DEL” or “F2″.
113
Gateway – The two access codes are: “F1″ or “F2″.
Hewlett-Packard (HP) – The three access codes are: “F1″, “F2″ or “Esc”.
IBM – The three access codes are: “F1″, “CTRL” + “ALT” + “INS”, or “CTRL” +
“ALT” + “DEL”.
Intel – The access code is: “DEL”
Lenovo – The four access codes are: “F1″, “F2″, “CTRL” + “ALT” + “F3”, or
“CTRL” + “ALT” + “INS”.
Micron – The three access codes are: “F1″, “F2″ or “DEL”.
Packard Bell – The three access codes are: “F1″, “F2″ or “DEL”.
Seanix – The access code is: “Del”.
Sony – The three access codes are: “F2″, “F3″ or “DEL”.
Toshiba – The three codes are: “F1″, “F2″ or “ESC”.

How to Update BIOS

The computer’s BIOS may require updating periodically to allow computer

hardware that has been manufactured since the computer was produced to
be recognized. Updating or changing the BIOS on a computer requires
specialized software from the BIOS manufacturer. Once obtained, the
update to the BIOS must be the appropriate one for the version of BIOS
installed on the computer. To ensure the right update is applied, the version
of the current BIOS can be found by checking the date and revision number
listed on the computer screen during the computer’s startup. This
information can then be used on the BIOS manufacturer’s website to find
and download the appropriate update. The BIOS update utility and update
itself is then copied to a CD or DVD to use the next time the computer
boots. Note that you may have to change the boot order of the computer to
look at the CD/DVD drive first during the boot sequence. After the utility
program is run, the old BIOS software will be erased and replaced with the
current version provided by the manufacturer.

What is Extensible Firmware Interface

The Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) was created as a replacement for

the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS). EFI was invented primarily to help
the expansion of Intel chipped CPUs (x86) to non-Windows operating
systems such as found on Mac OS X. To date, the support by other
computer manufacturers to switch to EFI has been slow, but Intel continues
to push for support of the technology. For the version implemented on Mac
OS X, Apple has included a number of the Open Firmware commands to
include startup disk selection (pressing the “option” key during startup) and
the Target Disk Mode (pressing the “T” key during startup. EFI is supported
on the following operating systems: Windows Server 2003, 64 bit Windows
(to include Windows Vista 64 bit), Mac OS X 10.4.4+, and some of the Linux

114
distributions. EFI is not supported on 32 bit Windows distros and some of
the Linux variants.

Do Macs Have BIOS?

A common misperception by Mac users is that the operating system (OS)

has a BIOS. Macs that do not use EFI have traditionally used Open
Firmware for PowerBooks, iBook’s, iMacs, iMacs, Dual G5s, and G4 Mac
Minis, etc. In order to access Open Firmware on a Mac, the following key
sequence is used: “CMD” + “OPT” + “O” + “F” simultaneously during the
computer boot process. If the sound is turned on, there will be audible
chimes. If you have never restarted your Mac (many Mac users have not),
simply press the power button for 10 seconds or so while pressing the keys
to enter the OpenFirmware interface. Once you have successfully accessed
the interface you will see the following on the computer’s screen:

Ok 0> Common commands for Mac users to leverage while accessing the
OpenFirmware interface include:

Mac-boot – To boot the Mac using the default boot device

Boot cd:,installyaboot – To boot the Mac using the CD using the yaboot
directory on Linux CDs.

Eject cd – Ejects a CD/DVD from the Mac.

For those who are familiar with the Sun Microsystems/Oracle SPARC
systems, the Open Firmware interface functions similarly by storing
environmental variables using the setenv command. These variables can be
viewed using printenv. Another commonality is that both systems are stored
on NVRAM.

Common Open Firmware System/User Defined Variables

Auto-boot? – Assigned a Boolean value to assess whether the computer

shop be automatically booted or drop to using open firmware.

Boot-device – A string value used to assign the boot device, partition, and
file type to load on boot for the computer.

Boot-command – A string value used for assigning an alias to be used

during the OS boot process.

Boot-file – A string value that contains the location of the bootinfo.txt style
script. It is considered a legacy open firmware variable that can be used for
assigning a chrp style script.
115
 JOB SHEET 1.2-8

Title: BIOS OPERATION

Performance Objective: Given A SYSTEM UNIT, you should be able

to perform CONFIGURING THE BIOS following standard procedure and
instruction/manual.

Supplies/Materials : System unit, manual of BIOS set-up

Equipment : System Unit

Steps/Procedure:
• Boot/start the system
• Press bios set-up key
• Configure sector
• Save the process
• Restart the system unit
• Test the configuration

Assessment Method:
Observation, Demonstration

116
 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 1.2-8

CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….

1. enter the bios property

2. configure the the needed procedure

3. Handle and safekeep of the procedure and manuals

4. configure the correct steps accurately followed

according to the manual.

5. The BIOS Is configured properly are successfully

installed

117
 SELF-CHECK 1.2-8

Multiple choice:
Encircle the letter of the correct answer

1.What is BIOS' most important role?

A. loading the operating system
B. initiating the microprocessor
C. running applications
2.The BIOS provides instructions to the microprocessor for how to access
the operating system.
BIOS is a type of:
A. hardware
B. software
C. operating system
3.Where is the BIOS usually stored?
A. on a hard disk
B. on a Flash memory chip
C. in a device driver
4.What is BIOS' most important role?
A. loading the operating system
The BIOS provides instructions to the microprocessor for how to
access the operating system.
B. initiating the microprocessor
C. running applications BIOS is a type of: hardware And software
5.Small pieces of software that act as translators between the hardware
components and the operating system are called:
A. device drivers
B. interrupt handlers
C. peripheral component interconnects
6.How many bytes of RAM are located on the complementary metal oxide
semiconductor (CMOS) chip?
A. 34
B. 64
C. 124
7.Incorrect settings in the CMOS setup may prevent you from doing what?
A. accessing your e-mail
B. logging on to the Internet
C. booting up your computer
8.Which of the following is not one of the common options included in the
CMOS setup?
A. system time and date
B. Internet provider
C. security
9. Pieces of software that identify the base hardware components are called:
A. interrupt handlers
B. device drivers
118
 C. drive chips
10. What helps BIOS to run faster?
A. buying an older computer
B. getting rid of RAM
C. copying it into RAM
11-15 What do most computers use as their central processing unit?
Explain your answer.
A. microprocessors
B. parallel ports
C. BIOS chips

119
 QUIZ 9 Answer Sheet 1.2-8

NAME:_____________________________________________DATE:_____________________
1. A:loading the operating system
2. B: software
SECTION: Along with your operating system and applications, the
___________________________________________SCORE:_____________________
BIOS is the third type of software your computer needs to work
CORREECTED BY: ____________________________________SIGNATURE:__________________
successfully
3. B: on a Flash memory chip The BIOS is normally stored on a Flash
memory chip on the computer's motherboard.
On virtually every computer available, the basic input/output system,
or BIOS, of your computer makes sure all the other components
function together smoothly. Without BIOS, you wouldn't be able to
load your operating system. How much do you know about this
unsung hero of the computer world?
4. A: Along with your operating system and applications, the BIOS is the
third type of software your computer needs to work successfully.
5. B:interrupt handlers, When you turn on your computer, BIOS loads the
interrupt handlers, which act as translators between the hardware
components and the operating system.
6. B:64 ,The 64 bytes of RAM located on the CMOS chip provide detailed
information particular to your system.
7. C:booting up your computer Incorrect CMOS settings may prevent your
computer from booting up.
8. C:Internet provider , Common options included in CMOS setup include
setting the time and date, setting passwords for security and
configuring hard drives
9. B:device drivers , Device drivers identify base hardware components
such as the keyboard, mouse and hard drive.
10. C.copying it into RAM , Since BIOS is constantly intercepting
signals, it's usually copied, or shadowed, into RAM to run faster.
11. -15 (5 points) A: microprocessors
Almost every desktop and laptop computer in use today contains a
microprocessor as its central processing unit.

120
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-9

Prepare installers

Portable bootable devices are created in accordance with software

manufacturer instruction

Rufus
Rufus is a utility that helps format and create bootable USB flash drives,
such as USB keys/pendrives, memory sticks

It can be especially useful for cases where:

•you need to create USB installation media from bootable ISOs (Windows,
Linux, UEFI, etc.)

•you need to work on a system that doesn't have an OS installed

•you need to flash a BIOS or other firmware from DOS

•you want to run a low-level utility

121
 and create bootable USB
flash drives, such as USB
Despite its small size, Rufus provides everything you need!

Oh, and Rufus is fast. For instance it's about twice as fast as UNetbootin,
Universal USB Installer or Windows 7 USB download tool, on the creation of
a Windows 7 USB installation drive from an ISO. It is also marginally faster
on the creation of Linux bootable USB from ISOs. (1)

How to use Rufus?

1) When you start Rufus, the first option that you will see is Device:. It
contains all your connected USB drives. If you plug in a USB drive after
starting Rufus, the drive you have connected will shortly be available here.

2) You will not need to modify the Partition Scheme and target system type,
as the default choice is suitable for making the USB drive work on both
UEFI and legacy BIOS computers.
121
 Create Bootable USB drives

Rufus in Windows 8

3) Change the file system from FAT32 to NTFS from the dropdown menu.
This is the file system with which your USB drive will be formatted with. Do
note that older computers will not boot from a flash drive formatted as
NTFS. Do not modify the cluster size. Enter the name you want for your
USB device in the Volume label box.

4) Check the Create a bootable disk using checkbox if it is not already

checked. In the dropdown menu next to it, select ISO image. Click on the
button right to it to locate your ISO image.

Do note that Rufus will format your USB drive deleting everything on it
before making it bootable. So, make sure that it does not contain any
important data.

5) Click on Start to format your USB drive and extract all files of the ISO to
it.

To install the OS, restart your computer and select your USB device as the
primary boot option in the BIOS boot menu.

Compatibility

Rufus works on all the latest versions of Windows and can be used to
extract the following ISOs to a bootable USB drive:-

Arch Linux, Archbang, BartPE/pebuilder, CentOS, Damn Small Linux,

Fedora, FreeDOS, Gentoo, GParted, gNewSense, Hiren's Boot CD, noppix,
KolibriOS, Kubuntu , Linux Mint, OpenSUSE , ReactOS, rEFInd, Slackware,
Tails, Trinity Rescue Kit, Ubuntu, Ultimate Boot CD, Windows XP (SP2,
SP3), Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8,
Windows 8.1, Windows 10 and many more.

A non-exhaustive list of Rufus supported ISOs is also provided at the

bottom of this page

Last updated 2015.08.28:

•Rufus 2.3 (817 KB) https://rufus.akeo.ie/

•Rufus 2.3 Portable (817 KB) https://rufus.akeo.ie/downloads/

•Other versions https://rufus.akeo.ie/downloads/

Supported Languages:

122
System Requirements:

Windows XP or later, 32 or 64 bit doesn't matter. Once downloaded, the

application is ready to use.

I will take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the translators who

made it possible for Rufus, as well as this webpage, to be translated in
various languages. If you find that you can use Rufus in your own language,
you should really thank them!

Usage

Download the executable and run it – no installation is necessary.

The executable is digitally signed and the signature should state:

•"Akeo Consulting" (v1.3.0 or later)

•"Pete Batard - Open Source Developer" (v1.2.0 or earlier)

Notes on DOS support:

If you create a DOS bootable drive and use a non-US keyboard, Rufus will
attempt to select a keyboard layout according to the locale of your system.
In that case, FreeDOS, which is the default selection, is recommended over
MS-DOS, as it supports more keyboard layouts.

Notes on ISO Support:

All versions of Rufus since v1.1.0 allow the creation of a bootable USB from
an ISO image (.iso).

Creating an ISO image from a physical disc or from a set of files is very easy
to do however, through the use of a CD burning application, such as the
freely available CDBurnerXP or ImgBurn.

Notes on UEFI & GPT support:

Since version 1.3.2, Rufus support UEFI as well as GPT for installation
media, meaning that it will allow you to install Windows 7, Windows 8 or
Linux in full EFI mode.

However, Windows Vista or later is required for full UEFI/GPT support.

Because of OS limitations, Windows XP restricts the creation of UEFI
bootable drives to MBR mode.

123
YUMI (Your Universal Multiboot Integrator), is the successor to our
MultibootISOs. It can be used to create a Multiboot USB Flash Drive
containing multiple operating systems, antivirus utilities, disc cloning,
diagnostic tools, and more.

Contrary to MultiBootISOs which used grub to boot ISO files directly from
USB, YUMI uses syslinux to boot extracted distributions stored on the USB
device, and reverts to using grub to Boot Multiple ISO files from USB, if
necessary.

Aside from a few distributions, all files are stored within the Multiboot or
yumi folder (depending on version), making for a nicely organized Multiboot
USB Drive that can still be used for other storage purposes.

124
Important Note: YUMI was intended to be used to try to run various "LIVE
Linux" Operating Systems from USB. Installing Linux from the YUMI created
USB Drive to a Hard Drive is not officially supported. If the installer portion
of any Live Linux distro does work, consider it a bonus.

Creating a YUMI Multiboot MultiSystem Bootable USB Flash Drive

YUMI works much like Universal USB Installer, except it can be used to
install more than one distribution to run Live from your USB. Distributions
can also be uninstalled using the same tool!

YUMI's Main Multiboot Boot Menu

125
YUMI-2.0.1.8.exe – June 17, 2015 – Changelog
Update to support newer GRML 2014-11, CentOS 7, Clonezilla 2.4.2-10, and
Ultimate Edition 4.

YUMI for Windows MD5: 8EC05264B45E016D5C07A18CAF771AB9

PLEASE READ: Syslinux 6+ is used in >YUMI 2.0.0.7. Distributions

installed with a previous YUMI version are not compatible. You must start
with a freshly formatted USB. If you still experience missing com32/chain32
errors with freshly formatted USB using the latest YUMI revision, please
report them.

126
Linux Based YUMI Downloads:
Note: As I find time, I am rewriting YUMI for Linux, so the Linux YUMI tool
will dramatically change once it is finished.
Source Code

• YUMI for Ubuntu Linux

• YUMI for Debian Linux
• Requirements
• Changelog
• HowTo
• Supported Distros
• FAQ

IMPORTANT NOTE: Your USB drive must be Fat16/Fat32/NTFS formatted,

otherwise Syslinux will fail and your drive will NOT Boot. NTFS is buggy,
and data may become corrupted if you use it!

Basic Essentials to create a MultiSystem Bootable USB Drive

• Fat32 or *NTFS Formatted USB Flash or USB Hard Drive

• PC that can boot from USB
• Windows XP/Vista/7/8 or Ubuntu/Debian for the Linux version of
YUMI to create the Bootable USB
• YUMI-2.0.1.8.exe
• Your selection of ISO Files

Please inform me of unlisted "FREE" Live Linux distributions or version

revisions, and I will attempt to update YUMI to support them. Software
developers who wish to have their "PAID" software added, can send me a
copy to try.

Similar Portable Linux Posts:

• XBOOT – Multiboot ISO USB Creator (Windows)

• SARDU – Multiboot USB Creator (Windows)
• MultiSystem – Create a MultiBoot USB from Linux

YUMI – Multiboot USB Creator published under USB Creator Tools bootable
usb, live linux usb, Live Linux USB Creator, live usb, Multiboot, Multiboot
ISO, Multiboot Live USB, Multiboot USB, Multiboot USB Creator,
Multisystem USB, Universal USB Installer

127
 SELF-CHECK 1.2-9 A

Test

Enumerate the steps on how to create a bootable device using Rufus technology
(20points)

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

128
 SELF-CHECK 1.2-9 B
Test

Enumerate the steps on how to create a bootable device using Yumi technology
(20points)

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

129
 QUIZ 10 ANSWER SHEET 1.2-9 a

1)NAME:_____________________________________________DATE:_____________________
When you start Rufus, the first option that you will see is Device:. It
contains all your connected USB drives. If you plug in a USB drive after
SECTION: ___________________________________________SCORE:_____________________
starting Rufus, the drive you have connected will shortly be available here.
CORREECTED BY: ____________________________________SIGNATURE:__________________

2) You will not need to modify the Partition Scheme and target system type,
as the default choice is suitable for making the USB drive work on both
UEFI and legacy BIOS computers.

Create Bootable USB drives

Rufus in Windows 8

3) Change the file system from FAT32 to NTFS from the dropdown menu.
This is the file system with which your USB drive will be formatted with. Do
note that older computers will not boot from a flash drive formatted as
NTFS. Do not modify the cluster size. Enter the name you want for your
USB device in the Volume label box.

4) Check the Create a bootable disk using checkbox if it is not already

checked. In the dropdown menu next to it, select ISO image. Click on the
button right to it to locate your ISO image.

Do note that Rufus will format your USB drive deleting everything on it
before making it bootable. So, make sure that it does not contain any
important data.

5) Click on Start to format your USB drive and extract all files of the ISO to
it.

To install the OS, restart your computer and select your USB device as the
primary boot option in the BIOS boot menu.

Compatibility

Rufus works on all the latest versions of Windows and can be used to
extract the following ISOs to a bootable USB drive:-

Arch Linux, Archbang, BartPE/pebuilder, CentOS, Damn Small Linux,

Fedora, FreeDOS, Gentoo, GParted, gNewSense, Hiren's Boot CD, noppix,
KolibriOS, Kubuntu , Linux Mint, OpenSUSE , ReactOS, rEFInd, Slackware,
Tails, Trinity Rescue Kit, Ubuntu, Ultimate Boot CD, Windows XP (SP2,
SP3), Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8,
Windows 8.1, Windows 10 and many more.

130
These ISO maker software let you create ISO files easily. All these ISO
maker software are available free to download for your Windows PC. These
ISO maker offer various features, like: create ISO image files from CDs,
DVDs, BDs, or from selected files and folders, create true copy of your
optical discs so you can burn their copies for later use, you can use these
ISO files for CD/DVD emulators or virtual drives, some programs do not
require installation and can be used as portable software, and more. You
can try these free ISO creator software and find the suitable one for you.

You can try these best free Virtual Drive and DOCX Viewer software.

ISO Workshop

ISO Workshop is a free software for creating ISO files from discs. ISO files
are true copy of CD/DVD discs. The program lets you backup your CDs or
DVDs to your computer hard disk. You can also burn these ISO images to
blank CDs or DVDs. You can also mount these ISO files to virtual drives
created by other software like Daemon Tools Lite, Gizmo Drive etc. It has
various other features too. It is free for personal use.

Here is the link to check on the top 20 iso maker

http://listoffreeware.com/list-of-best-free-iso-maker-software-for-windows/

131
 SELF-CHECK 1.2-9 C
Test

Discuss the importance of ISO Applications technology (20points)

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

132
 QUIZ 11 ANSWER SHEET 1.2-9 b

NAME:_____________________________________________DATE:_____________________

SECTION: ___________________________________________SCORE:_____________________
ISO is a software for creating ISO files from discs. ISO files are true copy of
CD/DVD
CORREECTEDdiscs. CREATING ISO MEANS creating a program that lets you
BY: ____________________________________SIGNATURE:__________________
backup your CDs or DVDs to your computer hard disk. You can also burn
these ISO images to blank CDs or DVDs. You can also mount these ISO files
to virtual drives created by other software like Daemon Tools Lite, Gizmo
Drive etc. It has various other features too. It is free for personal use.

133
 JOB SHEET 1.2-9
Title: Prepare Installer

Performance Objective: Given materials, equipment, you should be

able to create bootable drives, and install rufus
application

Supplies/Materials : installer, system unit

Equipment : System unit with OS, Flash drives

Steps/Procedure:

1. When you start Rufus, the first option that you will see is
Device:. It contains all your connected USB drives. If you plug
in a USB drive after starting Rufus, the drive you have
connected will shortly be available here.
2. You will not need to modify the Partition Scheme and target
system type, as the default choice is suitable for making the
USB drive work on both UEFI and legacy BIOS computers.
3. Change the file system from FAT32 to NTFS from the
dropdown menu. This is the file system with which your USB
drive will be formatted with. Do note that older computers will
not boot from a flash drive formatted as NTFS. Do not modify
the cluster size. Enter the name you want for your USB device
in the Volume label box.
4. Check the Create a bootable disk using checkbox if it is not
already checked. In the dropdown menu next to it, select ISO
image. Click on the button right to it to locate your ISO
image.Do note that Rufus will format your USB drive deleting
everything on it before making it bootable. So, make sure that
it does not contain any important data.
5. Click on Start to format your USB drive and extract all files
of the ISO to it.
6. To install the OS, restart your computer and select your USB
device as the primary boot option in the BIOS boot menu.

Assessment Method: Demonstration

134
 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 1.2-9

CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….

1. Install application systematically

2. Insert the flash drives correctly?

3. run in administration

4. reboot the system after installation

5. follow the steps systematically?

6. check the flash drive if it becomes bootable

135
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.3-1

Installing Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2

History

Microsoft introduced Windows Server 2008 R2 at the 2008 Professional

Developers Conference as the server variant of Windows 7.

On January 7, 2009, a beta release of Windows Server 2008 R2 was made

available to subscribers of Microsoft's TechNet and MSDN programs, as well
as those participating in the Microsoft Connect program for Windows 7. Two
days later, the beta was released to the public via the Microsoft Download
Center.

On April 30, 2009, the release candidate was made available to subscribers
of Microsoft's TechNet and MSDN. On May 5, 2009, the release candidate
was made available to the general public via the Microsoft download center.

According to Windows Server Division WebLog, the following are the dates of
the year 2009 when Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 has been made
available to various distribution channels:

• OEMs received Windows Server 2008 R2 RTM in English and all

Language Packs on July 29. The remaining languages were available
around August 11.
• ISV (Independent software vendor) and IHV (Independent hardware
vendor) partners have been able to download Windows Server 2008 R2
RTM from MSDN starting on August 14.
• IT Professionals with TechNet Subscriptions were able to download
Windows Server 2008 R2 RTM and obtain product keys for in English,
French, German, Italian, and Spanish beginning August 14 and all
remaining languages beginning August 21.
• Developers with MSDN Subscriptions have been able to download and
obtain product keys for Windows Server 2008 R2 RTM in English,
French, German, Italian, and Spanish starting August 14 and all
remaining languages starting August 21.
• Microsoft Partner Program Gold/Certified Members were able to
download Windows Server 2008 R2 RTM through the Microsoft Partner
Program (MPP) Portal on August 19.
• Volume License (VL) customers with an existing Software Assurance
(SA) license were able to download Windows Server 2008 R2 RTM on
August 19 via the Volume License Service Center (VLSC).
136
 • Volume License customers without a Software Assurance (SA) license
were able to purchase Windows Server 2008 R2 through Volume
Licensing by September 1.
Additionally, qualifying students have been able to download Windows
Server 2008 R2 RTM Standard Edition in 15 languages from DreamSpark.

Microsoft has announced that Server 2008 R2 will be the last version of
Windows supporting the Itanium architecture.

A reviewer guide published by the company describes several areas of

improvement in version R2. These include new virtualization capabilities
(Live Migration, Cluster Shared Volumes using Failover Clustering and
Hyper-V), reduced power consumption, a new set of management tools and
new Active Directory capabilities such as a "recycle bin" for deleted AD
objects. IIS 7.5 has been added to this release which also includes updated
FTP server services. Security enhancements include the addition of DNSSEC
support for DNS Server Service (note: even though DNSSEC as such is
supported, only one signature algorithm is available (#5 / RSA/SHA-1).
Since many zones use a different algorithm - including the root zone - this
means that in reality Windows still can't serve as a recursive resolver) and
encrypted clientless authenticated VPN services through DirectAccess for
clients using Windows 7. The DHCP server supports a large number of
enhancements[15] such as MAC address-based control filtering, converting
active leases into reservations or Link Layer based filters, IPv4 address
exhaustion at scope level, DHCP Name protection for non-Windows machines
to prevent name squatting, better performance through aggressive lease
database caching, DHCP activity logging, auto-population of certain network
interface fields, a wizard for split-scope configuration, DHCP Server role
migration using WSMT, support for DHCPv6 Option 15 (User Class) and
Option 32 (Information Refresh Time). The DHCP server runs in the context
of the Network Service account which has fewer privileges to reduce
potential damage if compromised.

Windows Server 2008 R2 supports up to 64 physical processors or up to

256 logical processors per system. (Note: Only the Datacenter and Itanium
editions can take advantage of the capability of 64 physical processors.
Enterprise, the next-highest edition after those two, can only use 8.) When
deployed in a file server role, new File Classification Infrastructure services
allow files to be stored on designated servers in the enterprise based on
business naming conventions, relevance to business processes and overall
corporate policies.[18]

Server Core includes a subset of the .NET Framework, so that some

applications (including ASP.NET web sites and Windows PowerShell 2.0) can
be used.

137
Performance improvement was a major area of focus for this release;
Microsoft has stated that work was done to decrease boot time, improve the
efficiency of I/O operations while using less processing power, and generally
improve the speed of storage devices, especially iSCSI.

Active Directory has several new features when raising the forest and
domain functional levels[19] to Windows Server 2008 R2. When raising the
domain function level, two added features are Authentication Mechanism
Assurance and Automatic SPN Management. When raising the forest
functional level, the Active Directory recycle bin feature is available and can
be enabled using the Active Directory Module for Powershell.

Service Pack

On February 9, 2011, Microsoft officially released the final release (RTM) of

Service Pack 1 (SP1) for Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 to OEM
partners. Apart from bug fixes, it introduces two new major functions,
RemoteFX and Dynamic Memory. RemoteFX enables the use of graphics
hardware in order to include support for 3D graphics in a Hyper-V based
VM. Dynamic Memory makes it possible for a VM to only allocate as much
physical RAM as is needed temporarily for its execution. On February 16
Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 became available for MSDN
and TechNet Subscribers as well as Volume License customers. As of
February 22, Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 is generally
available for download via the Microsoft Download Center and available on
Windows Update. It has a version number of "6.1.7601.17514.101119-1850"

System requirements

System requirements for Windows Server 2008 R2 are as follows:

Processor 1.4 GHz x86-64 or Itanium 2 processor

Memory Minimum: 512 MB RAM (may limit performance and some features)

Recommended: 2 GB RAM

Maximum: 8 GB RAM (Foundation), 32 GB RAM (Standard), or 2 TB RAM

(Enterprise, Datacenter and Itanium-Based Systems)

Display

Super VGA (800 x 600) or higher

Disk Space Requirements

Minimum (editions higher than Foundation): 32 GB or more

Minimum (Foundation edition) 10 GB or more.

138
 Computers with more than 16 GB of RAM require more disk space for
paging and dump files.

Other DVD drive, keyboard and mouse, Internet access (Optional, but
required for updates and online activation)

Windows Server 2008 R2 edition comparison chart

Foundatio Standar We HP Enterpris Datacente

Features Itanium
n d b C e r

Maximum
32 128
RAM on 8 GB 32 GB 2 TB 2 TB 2 TB
GB GB
x86-64

Maximum
physical 1 4 4 4 8 64 64
CPUs

Failover
cluster N/
N/A N/A N/A 16 16 8
nodes A
(Nodes)

Cross-file
replication No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes[24]
(DFS-R)

Fault
tolerant
No No No No Yes Yes Yes
memory
sync

Memory
modules:
No No No No Yes Yes Yes
Hot
addition

Memory
modules:
Hot No No No No No Yes Yes
replacemen
t

CPUs: Hot
No No No No No Yes Yes
addition

139
CPUs: Hot
replacemen No No No No No Yes Yes
t

IAS
10 50 No No Unlimited Unlimited 2
connection

Remote
Desktop
Services 50 250 No No Unlimited Unlimited No
connection
s

RRAS
connection 50 250 No 250 Unlimited Unlimited No
s

Hos
Virtual
Host + 1 1 t + Host + 4 Unlimite
image use Forbidden Unlimited
VM VM 1 VMs d
rights
VM

Foundatio Standar We HP Enterpris Datacente

Features Itanium
n d b C e r

Installing this Release of Windows Server 2008 R2 with Service Pack 1

This document provides information about the Windows Server® 2008 R2

operating system with Service Pack 1, including steps to take prior to
installation, installing the Service Pack, and how to uninstall the Service
Pack. The Service Pack installation wizard guides you through the actual
installation steps. This Service Pack updates all editions of Windows Server
2008 R2.

Before you start installing the Service Pack

Before you install Windows Server 2008 R2 with Service Pack 1, follow the
steps in this section to prepare for the installation.
140
 • Ensure that your hard drive has
enough free space for the
installation. Refer to the following
chart for required disk space and
download package sizes. Because
disk space usage varies greatly
depending on a number of factors
unique to your deployment, you
should consider these values an
absolute minimum. Additional disk
space may be required if you have
installed language packs. Other
factors that may require more disk
space include the amount of RAM
installed, servicing requirements
(that is, the number and frequency
of updates you plan to install), and
the number and type of non-
Microsoft drivers or tools.

Approximate Download size Download size

Installation
disk space for Windows for standalone
method
requirements Update package package
o x64-based: o X64-based:
o Not
7.4 GB 903 MB
applicable
Stand-alone
o Itanium- o Itanium-
installation o Not
based: 3.6 based: 511
applicable
GB MB

o x64-based: o x64-based:
o Not
850 MB 95.7 MB
applicable
Windows
o Itanium- o Itanium-
Update o Not
based: not based: not
applicable
applicable applicable

• Use an administrator account.

Log on to your computer using an
administrator account, make sure
all other users are logged off the
computer, and close all open
programs.

• Disconnect UPS devices. If you

have an uninterruptible power
supply (UPS) connected to your
141
 destination computer, disconnect
the serial cable before installing the
Service Pack. Setup automatically
attempts to detect devices that are
connected to serial ports, and UPS
equipment can cause issues with
the detection process.

• Ensure availability of power. If

you're using a laptop computer,
connect it to an AC electrical outlet
and don’t unplug or restart the
computer during installation.

• Update any device drivers as

necessary. You can do this by
using Windows Update in Control
Panel, or by going to the device
manufacturer's website.

• Back up your servers. Your

backup should include all data and
configuration information that is
necessary for the computer to
function. It is important to perform
a backup of configuration
information for servers, especially
those that provide network
infrastructure, such as Dynamic
Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP) servers. When you perform
the backup, be sure to include the
boot and system partitions and the
system state data. Another way to
back up configuration information
is to create a backup set for
Automated System Recovery.

• Disable your virus protection

software. Virus protection
software can interfere with
installation. For example, it can
make installation much slower by
scanning every file that is copied
locally to your computer.

142
Installing and uninstalling the Service Pack

Choose the installer appropriate to your computer, whether it is x64-based

or Itanium-based.

To install the Service Pack

1. On the Install Windows Server

2008 R2 Service Pack 1 page,
click Next.
2. Follow the instructions on the
screen. The computer might restart
as part of the installation. Do not
unplug or shut down the computer
during the installation.
3. Once the installation is complete,
reactivate antivirus protection.

To uninstall the Service Pack

1. Click Start, click Control Panel,

and then click Programs.
2. Under Programs and Features,
click View installed updates.
3. On the Uninstall an update page,
click Service Pack for Microsoft
Windows (KB976932), and then
click Uninstall.
4. Follow the instructions on your
screen.

143
 FORMATION SHEET 1.3-1

OPERATION SHEET 1.3-1

Title: software installation of Microsoft Windows Server

2008 R2

Performance Objective: Given the following tools, materials and

equipment, you should be able to perform formatting and installation of
windows OS and use the following the standard procedures and
instruction.

Supplies/Materials : OS of windows
Equipment : Computer Unit, Automatic Voltage
Regulator (AVR),

Steps/Procedure:
1. Boot/start the system
2. Format the HD
3. Create partition
4. Insert device driver in the disc drive
5. Install device driver following the recommendation of the system.
6. Check the device by opening device manager
7. Restart the system unit
8. Test the installation
9. Keep the Device driver in the safe place

Assessment Method: Demonstration

144
 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 1.3-1

CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….

1. START THE system correctly

2. Inserted The CD and Install the OS properly.

3. Observe, Handle and safe keep the installation CD ‘s.

4. install device drivers and followed accurately the

procedures.

5. reboot the system

145
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.3-2

INSTALLING OPERATING SYSTEM

Before the installation process undertake, a technician must be aware of the
minimum requirements of a computer hardware that is compatible with the operating
system to be installed. Following the systems’ requirements means an efficient
computer system. The list below shows the windows XP minimum requirements for
installation:

Pentium 233 Mhz or compatible processor or faster; 300MHZ or faster

recommended
64MB of RAM minimum; 128MB or more recommended
4.3GB hard hard disk space or more
CD-ROM or DVD-ROM
Super VGA (800X600) or higher-resolution monitor
Keyboard and mouse

Windows XP Installation

1. Insert the Windows XP CD-ROM and reboot the computer

• If you see a message about press any key to boot the CD, do so now.
Otherwise, you will see a message about Setup inspecting your system.
•

Figure 62.Boot from CD

146
2. MS-DOS portion of Setup begins

• In the first stage of setup; you will see a series of blue and gray MS-DOS-based
screens.
• In the first step, you will be asked to press F6 if you need to install any third-
party or RAID drivers.

Figure 63.Windows Set-up

• Welcome to Setup
Finally, Setup begins. In this step, you can set up XP, launch the Recovery
Console (another, more complicated system recovery tool), or quit.
• Press ENTER to continue Setup, and it will examine your hard drives and
removable disks.

Figure 64.Welcome to Set-up

147
3. Read the license agreement

• ext, you'll have to agree to Microsoft's complex licensing agreement. Among

the highlights: You don't actually own Windows XP and you can only install it
on one PC.
• Hit F8 to continue.

Figure 65.License and Agreement

4. Choose an installation partition

• This crucial step lets you choose where to install XP.

• On a clean install, you will typically install to the C: drive, but you might have
other ideas, especially if you plan to dual-boot with 9x.
• Setup will show you all of your available disks (in this case, just one) and let
you create and delete partitions as needed. So, for example, if you have one
disk, but would like to create two partitions, one for XP and one for your data,
you can do that here.

Figure 66.Choose an Installation Partition

148
5. Select the file system

• If you created a new partition, or wish to change the file system of an existing
partition, you can do so in the next step. NTFS (New Technology File System)
file system is more secured than FAT (File Allocation System).
• Regardless of which file system you choose, be sure to select one of the "quick"
format options (the top two choices), if you do need to format, since these will
work much more quickly than a full format.

Figure 67.Select the File System

7. Optionally format the partition
If you did choose to change or format the file system, this will occur next. First, you'll
be asked to verify the format. If you're installing XP on a system with more than one
partition, especially one that still holds your data on one of the partitions, be sure
you're formatting the correctpartition.
• Hit F to continue, and a yellow progress bar will indicate the status of the format.
When this is complete, Setup will again examine your disks, and create a list of
files to copy.

Figure 68.Optionally Format the Partition

149
8. Setup folder copy phase and reboot
• Setup will now copy system files to the system/boot partition(s) you just created.
This will allow the PC to boot from the C: drive and continue Setup in GUI mode.
• When the file copy is complete, Setup will initialize and save your XP
configuration.
• It will then reboot your PC.When the system reboots, you will probably see the
"Press any key to boot from CD" message again. If this happens, do not press
a key: Setup will now boot from your C: drive. In the event that you cannot
prevent the CD-based Setup from reloading, eject the CD and reboot. Setup
will ask for the CD when needed.

Figure 69.Setup Folder Copy Phase

9. GUI Setup begins
• Once the system reboots, you will be presented with the GUI Setup phase,
which is much more attractive than the DOS-mode phase. As you progress
through GUI Setup, you can read promotional informationon the right side of
the screen about XP.
• Next, your hardware devices are detected. This could take several minutes.

Figure 70.GUI Setup

150
10. Regional and language Options

In the first interactive portion of GUI Setup, you can choose to customize the regional
and language settings that will be used by XP, as well as the text input language
you'd like. Users in the United States will not normally need to change anything here.
• Click Next to continue.

Figure 71.Regional and Language Options

11. Personalize your software
Now, enter your name and your company.
The name you enter is not the same as your user name, incidentally, so you should
enter your real name here (i.e. Rosalie Lujero or whatever).
• Click Next to continue.

Figure 72.Software Personalization

151
12. Enter your product key

Now you must enter the 25-character product key that is located on the orange
sticker found on the back of the CD holder that came with Windows XP. You cannot
install XP without a valid product key.Later on, you will be asked to activate and
optionally register your copy of Windows XP. A product key can be used to install XP
on only one PC.
• Click Next to continue.

• Figure 73. Enter Product Key

13. Enter a computer name and administrator password
In the next phase of Setup, you can create a name for your computer (which is used
to identify it on a network) and, optionally in Pro Edition only, a password for the
system Administrator, the person who controls the PC (this will generally be you, of
course).

Figure 74.Enter Computer Name and Administrator Password

152
14. Supply your date and time settings
Next, you can supply the date and time, which are auto-set based on information in
your BIOS, and the time zone, which is irritatingly set to PST, which is where
Microsoft is. Change these as appropriate.
• Click Next to continue.

Figure 75.Enter Date and Time Settings

15. Network setup
If you have a networking card or modem, Setup now install the networking
components, which include the client for Microsoft networks, File and Print Sharing,
the Quality of Service (QoS) Packet Scheduler, and the TCP/IP networking protocol
by default.

Figure 76.Network Set-Up

153
16a. Choose networking settings
In this phase, you can choose to keep the default settings (recommended) or enter
custom settings.

Note that XP doesn't include the legacy NetBEUI protocol out of the box. If you
want to use this protocol, you will need to install it later from the XP CD-ROM.

• Click Next to continue.

Figure 77.Choose Networking Settings

Windows XP Professional only:
16b. Enter workgroup or domain information
In Windows XP Professional only, you will be able to select a workgroup or domain
name next. Home Edition doesn't work with Windows domains, however, and Setup
will automatically supply the workgroup name MSHOME, which you can change
later. The default workgroup name in XP Pro is, imaginatively, WORKGROUP.
• Click Next to continue.
•

Figure 78.Enter Workgroup or Domain Information

17. Set-up completion

From this point on, Setup will continue to completion without any further need for
interaction. Setup will now copy files, complete installation, install your Start Menu
items, register system components, save settings, remove any temporary files
needed by Setup, and then reboot.
154
 • Again, you will probably see the "Press any key to boot from CD" message on
reboot. If this happens, do not press a key, and your new XP install will boot up.
You can remove the XP Setup CD now.

Figure 79.Set- Up Completion

18. First boot
You’ll be greeted by the XP splash screen on first boot (this actually appears briefly
when you rebooted into GUI Setup as well).The splash screens for XP Pro and
Home are subtly different.

Figure 80.First Boot

19. Change display settings

• Users with CRT monitors and some LCDs (such as laptops and flat panel displays) will
see a Display Settings dialog appear, which asks whether you'd like XP to
automatically set the resolution. This will generally change the resolution from 800 x
600 to 1024 x 768 on a CRT monitor, or to the native resolution of an LCD display.
• Click OK and let XP change the resolution. Then, accept the settings if the screen
display changes and can be read. If you can't see the display, it will time out after 30
seconds and return to the sub-optimal 800 x 600 resolution.
• Click OK to accept the screen resolution change.

155
 Figure81.Change Display Settings
20. Welcome to Microsoft Windows
• Now, you are presented with XP's "Out of Box Experience," or OOBE, which
presents a silly wizard to guide you through the final set up of your PC.
• Click Next to continue.

Figure 82.Welcome to Microsoft Windows

21. Network setup

• In the opening OOBE phase, you are asked to set up your network/Internet connection,
which is required for activation and registration. If you selected the default networking
configuration during Setup and know it will work (because you're connected directly to
a cable modem, perhaps, or are on a local area network), then select Yes (the default).
Otherwise, you can select No and then Skip.
• We'll assume that your network is up and running and select Yes.
• Click Next to continue.

156
 Figure 83.Network Set- up
22. Optionally activate and register Windows
• If you selected Yes in the previous step, you are asked if you'd like to activate
Windows XP. This will tie your copy of XP to the current PC semi-permanently.
Activation requires a connection to the Internet, but you can perform this step later if
you want (and don't worry, XP will annoyingly remind you of this fact every time you
boot the machine until you do so).

Figure 84.Windows Activation

23. Set up users

• Now, you can set up the user names of the people who will be using the PC.
You will want at least one user (for you), since you shouldn't be logging on as
Administrator. Curiously, each user you do create here has administrative
privileges, however, and no password. You should set up your users correctly
with passwords as soon as possible.
• This phase lets you create up to five users. You can create more later, or
manage users, using the User Accounts tool in Control Panel.
• Click Finish when done creating users. At this point, OOBE ends and you're
reading to go.
• Click Finish again.

157
 Figure 85.Set-up Users
24. Logon to Windows XP for the first time
Click your name, that account will logon and you'll be presented with the XP desktop.
After you create passwords, however, you'll be asked to enter a password before you
can logon.

Figure 86. Set-up Users

158
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.3-2

OPERATION SHEET 1.3-2

Title: software installation of windows 7

Performance Objective: Given the following tools, materials and

equipment, you should be able to perform formatting and installation of
windows OS and use the following the standard procedures and
instruction.

Supplies/Materials : OS of windows 7
Equipment : Computer Unit, Automatic Voltage
Regulator (AVR),

Steps/Procedure:
10. Boot/start the system
11. Format the HD
12. Create partition
13. Insert device driver in the disc drive
14. Install device driver following the recommendation of the
system.
15. Check the device by opening device manager
16. Restart the system unit
17. Test the installation
18. Keep the Device driver in the safe place

Assessment Method: Demonstration

159
 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 1.3-2

CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….

1. START THE system correctly

2. Inserted The CD and Install the OS properly.

3. Observe, Handle and safe keep the installation CD ‘s.

4. install device drivers and followed accurately the

procedures.

5. reboot the system

160
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.3-3
The 3Rs

What are the 3Rs?

The principles of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) were

developed over 50 years ago as a framework for technological research.
They have subsequently become embedded in national and international
legislation regulating the use of technological process and scientific
procedures.

Definitions
Replacement
Methods that avoid or replace the use of natural elements defined as
'protected’
Reduction
Methods that minimize the number Examples include improved
experimental design and statistical analysis, sharing data and resources
(equipment) between research groups and organizations, and the use of
technologies,
Refinement
Methods that minimize stress or lasting harm to a technological objects.

The 5R Concept

They are following international standards in manufacturing and operations

in order to lessen the environmental impacts of running the business. Part
of their efforts in promoting an environmental-friendly workplace is the 5R
concept that they apply in production. The 5R concept consists of 5 words
that start with the letter R. These words promote environmental awareness.
Here is how the company uses the 5R concept.

Refuse –refuses to purchase environmentally harmful materials. If there are

greener options, they will go for that. They try to avoid harmful substances
as much as possible.
Reduce – by choosing eco-friendly materials, they reduce throwing away
waste materials that are harmful to the environment.
Reuse – waste materials are inevitable in the electronics industry. So
instead of throwing them away, tryto find other ways of how they can still
use waste materials.
Reform – instead of procuring new materials to assemble, try to reuse and
reform used materials so that they do not go to waste immediately.
Recycle – another way to help the environment is to recycle materials that
can still be used. It is a way to reduce waste materials in your community as
well.

161
 SELF-CHECK 1.3-3

Test

What are the possible way we can use the 3r and 5r to our school setting
(20points)

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

162
163
QUIZ 12
ANSWER KEY 1.3-3
NAME:_____________________________________________DATE:_____________________
The first ___________________________________________SCORE:_____________________
SECTION: step to reducing your impact on the environment, is reducing the
amounts of resources you consume and use. Think twice before you buy
orCORREECTED BY: ____________________________________SIGNATURE:__________________
use anything. Do you really need it? By reducing your consumption you
will also decrease the amount of waste you produce.

There are also many other ways to reduce your waste. The opportunities
are nearly endless.

Here are just a few ideas:

• Think before you print or photocopy! Print and copy as little as possible.
• Edit on screen, not on paper.
• Use email to minimize paper use.
• Send and store documents electronically instead of on paper.
• When you must print or copy, do it double-sided.
• Circulate documents instead of making an individual copy for everyone.
• Change the margins on your documents.

There are so many ways of optimizing your energy consumption

• Turn off unused or unneeded lights.
• Use natural lighting instead of electric lighting, whenever possible.
• If you have a desk lamp, make sure it uses fluorescent bulbs (instead of
incandescent bulbs).
• Dress appropriate to the season.
• Select cold water for washing clothes.
• Keep windows and doors closed in heated and air-conditioned areas.
• Turn off computers when they are not in use.
• Purchase only energy-efficient products.

If you must drive, buck the trend toward more wasteful vehicles and drive
a fuel efficient car and don’t drive it more than you really need to! Park
your car in the shade. Gas evaporates from your fuel tank more quickly
when you park in the sun. Parking in the shade lowers the temperature in
your gas tank by up to 7 degrees, significantly reducing fuel evaporation.

The importance of reusing products cannot be emphasized enough!

Plastic containers can become food storage, paper can become wrapping
paper. The ways in which to reuse things are unlimited. All you need is to
be creative. If being creative is not your thing, here are some other ideas:
• Reuse envelopes by placing a new label over the old address.
• Designate a box for scrap paper and use it for printing all drafts or
unofficial documents.
• Reuse plastic bags or better get reusable canvas bags.

Recycling is always a great idea.

• When buying any type of product, see if it is available with post
c164onsumer recycled content.
• QUIZ
Production
12 of recycled paper uses only half the water and 3/4 of the
energy than new paper.
• NAME:_____________________________________________DATE:_____________________
Every ton of recycled paper saves almost 400 gallons of oil, three cubic
yards of landfill space and seventeen trees.
SECTION: ___________________________________________SCORE:_____________________
• If you recycle soda cans, the energy used and air pollution created, is
95 percent less
CORREECTED than if the cans were produced from raw materials.
BY: ____________________________________SIGNATURE:__________________

You could operate a TV set for an estimated three hours with the energy
saved by recycling just one aluminum can!

Thinking green means being aware of our interconnectedness with the

world and reflecting on the unintended damage we cause nature in the
daily course of our lives. Thinking green leads to acting green - taking
corrective action to make environmental responsibility a reality.

164
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.3-4

LOCAL AREA NETWORKS (LANs) SYSTEMS AND

CONFIGURATIONS

A network is a group of interconnected computers, linked for the

purpose of sharing files, programs and peripherals. Through your computers
or office network, you can run programs, use printers, and edit files from
other computers as if they were located on your own.

A server is the computer on the network that manages the network

resources, such as the shared files, programs and printers.

Local-area network (LAN) is a computer network covering a small

geographic area, like a home, office, or group of buildings e.g. a school.

The majority of networking, particularly at the corporate level, is done

using the internet standard. At the center of the basic diagram of a wired
network is either a hub or a switcher and computers are connected to the
hub, much like spokes of a wheel or star. Each connection at the hub is called
a port.
Three Basic Network Categories
• Local Area Network- the smallest of the three network types, consists of
PCs connected together within a limited area, such as within the same
building, floor or department.

LOCAL AREA

NETWORK

165
• Metropolitan Area Network – is a network that spans no more than 50
miles. It is design to connect LANs spanning a town or city

METROPOLITAN AREA WIDE AREA NETWORK

NETWORK

• Wide Area Network – is used to distribute information thousand of miles

among thousands of users.

Network Terms:
• Network Server- is a powerful computer whose sole purpose is to serve
network clients.

NETWORK SERVER

• Host – any computer whether mainframe, server, or even PC that acts

as an information source on a network.
• Peers- mean any computer sharing the same protocol layer with
another computer.

• Workstation- is any network computer that connects to and request

resources from a network
• Protocol – refers to the specific standards governing the sending and
receiving of data.

166
Types of Networks
• server/client –use a network operating system to manage the entire
work.

• peer-to-peer - no centralized computer oversees the networks, no

server, and computers simply connect with each other in a network
group to share files, printers, and internet access.

The Basic Rule

The basic rule for network design is known as the 5-4-3 rule. It states that in
a 10 Mbps. Ethernet network:

• you can have a maximum of five cable segments between any two
computers
• you can have a maximum of four repeaters (hubs, switches, wireless
access points, etc.) between any two computers
• of the five cable segments (maximum) between any computers, only
three of these can terminate in computers.

167
 TASK SHEET 1.3-4
Title: LOCAL
AREA NETWORKS (LANs) SYSTEMS AND
CONFIGURATIONS
Performance Objective: Given the supplies, you should be able to
construct a sample network lay-out by following
procedures below.

Supplies/Materials : A4 bond paper

Pencil and eraser

Equipment :

Steps/Procedure:
1. Draw an example of a network / networking topology.
2. Use only common shapes (ex. line, square, circle or rectangle) to
represent the actual figures./ objects.
3. Indicate the name of network drawn.

Assessment Method:
Written Test

168
 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 1.3-4

CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
1. construct a lay-out clearly?
2. Use shapes to represents actual figures?
3. Indicate names of your network?
4. Use the crimper properly

5. Follow the 568 b configuration to your plug

6. Apply proper pressure using the impact tools
7. Read the patch panel code
8. Connect at the patch panel 568 b

169
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.3-5
Computer Symptoms and Diagnosis

No matter how well built your PC is, and how well written its software,
something is eventually going to go wrong.
Many times, computers will get slow for seemingly no reason at all.
Devices often malfunction and system problems can arise out of nowhere. For
people who rely on their computer for business or personal use, these
computer errors can be frustrating and problematic.

One of the most important aspects of using a PC is taking care of it.

Maintenance involves keeping your hard disk in optimum working condition,
checking for errors, and backing up important files. Maintenance tasks also
include adding new hardware to your system and updating the files that
control your hardware (called drivers).
Common Error Messages

As you work on your computer, there are error messages that come up.
The machine at times tries to tell you where the problem is. These messages
are like detective clues for the Help Desk.

Common Problems

1. My monitor is blacked out

2. I don’t have any sound.
3. My machine is stuck and wont do anything

Checking of Peripherals

Keyboards

• If our machine, when booting, gives off a constant beeping noise, it is

telling that your computer keyboard is not connected or not working.
• If there is no response, check the indicator light on the keyboard.
• Is there a key stuck? Gently pry off the cover and clean it with alcohol. Make
sure it is not connected to your machine when you are cleaning it.

Mouse

• If your mouse starts acting erratic, it could be an insufficient memory

problem.
• If your mouse will only move one way, either vertically or horizontally,
your mouse may need cleaning. Shut down your machine and unplug
your mouse from the computer.
• Optical mouse need cleaning of its bottom every now and then too.

170
 Printer

• Verify that the printer is working correctly by running a test print.

• Unplug the printer cable from the back of the PC and try to print the
printer
• Reattach the printer and run another test print,
• Turn off the printer and try to print to it.
• What error messages appear? Turn the printer back on and run a test
print
• Turn off the printer and remove the ink or toner cartridge. Turn the
printer back on. Do any error messages appear? Try printing to the
printer. Do any error messages show up them?
• Reinstall the ink or toner cartridge and run a test print. Remove all of
the paper from your printer and then try to print it. What error
messages appear now?

A Dead PC

• First check the cable

• Check the wall outlet
• Turn the system off and wait for a few seconds and then try again.
• Reach behind the machine and see if you feel air blowing out of the
power supply.
• Look at the keyboard for the indicator lights being lit up as the machine
boots.
• Sometimes the monitor has something to do with the system acting up.
Unplug the power cord from the monitor and the wall and re plug it.
• Listen to identify a beeping series if there is one.

171
 OPERATION SHEET 1.3-5
Title: Computer Symptoms and Diagnosis
(Printer Installation)
Performance Objective: Given the following tools, materials and
equipment, you should be able to perform computer symptoms and
diagnosis following given the instruction and procedure.

Supplies/Materials : Installation cd and printer driver.

Equipment : Window system, any type of printer

Steps/Procedure:
1. Boot system unit
2. Run chkdsk utility to scan C:drive
3. Connect printer cable to system unit
4. Using printer driver, insert cd to cd drive
5. Follow the step for installation
6. Test printer page

Assessment Method:
Demonstration

172
 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 1.3-5

CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….

1. print successfully

2. The printer and power cable attached properly

3. Safety precautions are carefully observed.

4. The ink or toner is properly reinstalled.

5.use the LAN Printing procedure

6.. run check disk utility successfully ?

173
 LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 5

Conduct validation and testing

Contents:

1. Following testing procedures

2. Performing cable troubleshooting
3. Using diagnostic software
4. Installing device drivers
5. Installing peripherals, network devices and other I/O devices

Assessment Criteria:

1. OH&S policies are strictly followed resulting to no lost time injury.

2. Specified testing procedures for circuit and system are carried out.
3. Installed devices/systems are protected against loss/damage in
accordance with established standard
4. Approval is obtained before any validation or testing is employed.
5. Installation proceedings, devices/systems test conforms with
specified requirements.
6. Every device system noticed to cause malfunction of the system is
removed, tested and returned to pretest condition in accordance with
the established procedures.
7. Final inspection, testing and validation are undertaken to ensure
quality performance of the system.
8. Documentation of the performed job is submitted to a laboratory
teacher following the format given.
Resources:

Tools, Materials and Equipment and Facilities

• ICT Laboratory
• Computer Table and Chairs
• Computers
• Printers
• Installation CDs
• And other Computer Accessories

174
 LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Learning Outcome 5
CONDUCT VALIDATION AND TESTING
Learning Activities Special Instructions
1. Read Information Sheet 1.3-1 on TESTING In this Learning Outcome you
PROCEDURES shall prepare tools and
2. Answer Self-Check 1.3-1
materials needed to determine
Compare answer with Answer key 1.3-1 the conduct validation and
testing of system unit.
3. Read Information Sheet 1.3-2 on Cable
Troubleshooting
4. Perform Task Sheet 1.3-2 on Cable GO through the Information
Sheets and answer the self-
Troubleshooting checks to ensure that
5. Evaluate your own output using Performance knowledge of the standard in
criteria Checklist 1.3-2 the competency –based are
6. Read Information Sheet 1.3-3 on Diagnostic acquired.
Software
7. Answer Self-Check 1.3-3 Perform the Job Sheet required
Compare answer with Answer key 1.3-3 for this competency and reflect
8. Read Information Sheet 1.3-4 on Device your output through the result
Drivers of the Performance checklist
9. Perform Job Sheet 1.3-4 on Device Drivers done by your Teacher.

10. Evaluate your own output using Performance

Show you output to your
criteria Checklist 1.3-4
Teacher for his feedback as
11. Read Information Sheet 1.3-5
you accomplish them.
on Installation Of Peripherals, Network
Devices And Other I/O Devices
Do not discourage for
12. Perform Job Sheet 1.3-5 on Installation Of reassessment. The more you
Peripherals, Network Devices And practice to better.
Other I/O Devices
13. Evaluate your own output using Performance
criteria Checklist 1.3-5

175
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.3-6

TESTING PROCEDURES

Testing Procedures

• Deciding When to Test the System. Identify computer symptoms and

defects

• Preparing to Test the System . It’s recommended that you should not
plug your computer and monitor directly to a wall outlet. Rather, you
should purchase a UPS (uninterruptible power supply). The UPS serves
as a surge protector to prevent your system from being damaged if a
power spike is delivered to it and when power will fail unexpectedly. The
UPS gives you time to save your work and properly shut down your
system. If a system is turned off and back on rapidly, it’s probably not
good for the system. A very short power drop could mimic this effect
and could be hard on both the computer and the monitor. A UPS
prevents this.

Plugging in the power cord to the back of

the case

176
 Replacing the side of the case

• Powering Up the System for the First Time . Examining the back of
the PC case, we see that there is a switch with two positions, 0 and 1.
Zero often means off, and one often means on in the computer world.
We turn the switch from 0 to 1 and push the power button again

• Adjusting BIOS Settings . To enter BIOS setup, a key, such as delete,

is usually pressed when the system first starts up. Consult your main
board manual if you want to learn more about BIOS setup.

• Replacing the Side of the Case and Bezel . Now that your system is
tested and we’ve visually seen that the CPU fan is spinning properly, we
can shut down the system and replace the side of the

• Powering Up the System for the First Time . Examining the back of
the PC case, we see that there is a switch with two positions, 0 and 1.
Zero often means off, and one often means on in the computer world.
We turn the switch from 0 to 1 and push the power button again

• Adjusting BIOS Settings . To enter BIOS setup, a key, such as delete,

is usually pressed when the system first starts up. Consult your main
board manual if you want to learn more about BIOS setup.

• Replacing the Side of the Case and Bezel . Now that your system is
tested and we’ve visually seen that the CPU fan is spinning properly, we
can shut down the system and replace the side of the

177
 Screwing in the side of the case

Some cheaper cases have poorly tapped threads for the screws, so use only
minimal force to tighten the cover screws.

Closing the bezel

178
Here the lip of the bezel hits the CD-RW drive and we need to gently lift up
the CD drive to close the bezel. Don’t just slam the bezel to close it. Close it
gently to be sure nothing interferes with it closing.

It also saves wear and tear if you depress the front cover latch as you close
it.. Tilt the front of the case upward to get a good grip on the latch.

Back of the side panel

If you have difficulty replacing the side of your case, examine it carefully to
see how the lugs engage the rest of the case.

179
 SELF-CHECK 1.3-6

SEQUENCING. Arrange the following Testing Procedures in their proper order

by

Writing A for the first, B for the second, and so on down to the last.

______ 1. Prepare to test the system.

______ 2. Powering Up the System for the First Time

______ 3. Deciding When to Test the System

______ 4. Replacing the Side of the Case and Bezel

______ 5. Adjusting BIOS Settings

180
 QUIZ 13
ANSWER KEY 1.3-6
NAME:_____________________________________________DATE:_____________________

SECTION: ___________________________________________SCORE:_____________________

CORREECTED BY: ____________________________________SIGNATURE:__________________

1. B
2. C
3. A
4. E
5. D

181
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.3-7

Cable Troubleshooting

Cable Troubleshooting

Knowing simple troubleshooting techniques may help you correct some

situations and continue working. The main factors to keep in mind when
troubleshooting are: do not panic, take a common sense approach, and work
from general to specific when addressing the problem.

A series of troubleshooting tips are listed below.

Hardware

Make sure that the power cable is plugged in.

Some computer systems have several power cables, often one for each
component. Check each one and make sure that the plug is completely
plugged in.

Be sure that all cables are connected.

Computer systems usually have several cables associated with them

that are used to connect the peripherals to the main system. Check both ends
of the cables and make sure they are plugged in securely and plugged into the
correct location.

182
See to it that all components are switched on.

Most systems have components and peripherals attached to them and

quite often each one has its own power switch. All components must be
switched on if communication is to be established between them.

The keyboard and mouse cables are snugly connected to their ports.

The keyboard and mouse are moved every time the computer is used they can
work themselves loose over time. Check their connections.

Watch out for power outages or electrical storms.

Power outages and lightening strikes can damage your system. If

lightning has damaged your system, you very likely have a serious problem
with some component in the system. This is a good time to ask for assistance
from someone who deals with these types of problems on a regular basis. A
UPS (uninterruptible power supply) should prevent any damage from power
outages and will also provide some protection from lightning. But remember,
nothing stops a direct lightning hit. The best protection is to completely
unplug the system from electrical outlets and unplug the modem connection.

Check if the network is operating and that the phone line is valid.

If your computer is not communicating, check the phone line or

network cable for a good connection. If you have a dialup connection, pick up
the phone and listen for a dial tone. If you are connected to a network, contact
your network administrator.

183
Shutdown the system down and restart.

One of the great (and often frustrating) properties about computers is

that in many cases just turning the system off, waiting a minute and then
turning it back on will correct the problem.

Ask for assistance.

Your computer system is a significant investment and an important tool. Do

not let your pride keep you from asking for help when you need it.
If you are not sure ask!

184
 OPERATION SHEET 1.3-7

Title: Cable Testing / Troubleshooting

Performance Objective: Given the following tools, materials and

equipment, you should be able to perform cable testing and
troubleshooting following the standard procedures and instruction.

Supplies/Materials : Power Cables, mouse, keyboard,

UTP cable
Equipment : Computer Unit, Automatic Voltage
Regulator (AVR),

Steps/Procedure:
1. Connect Power cable, VGA Port, PS/2 port mouse, and keyboard
at the back panel properly.
2. Connect power cable to AVR
3. Replace defective fuse( if power indicator didn’t power on)
4. Plugged the AVR to outlet
5. Start the system unit (replace power cable if the system unit
doesn’t power on or start up)
6. Check the network connections
7. Replace UTP if doesn’t communicate with the server
8. Try to print from workstation
9. Shutdown the system

Assessment Method: Demonstration

185
 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 1.3-7

CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….

1. plug the power cable properly.

2. The connection of AVR to the Power source is done properly.

3. Safety precautions are carefully observed.

4. The fuse and the switch are carefully checked.

5. Replacement of defective devices is successfully done.

6. use the UPS properly

186
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.3-8
Diagnostic Software

Diagnostic Software

The purpose of diagnostic software is simple: to test drives and diagnose

potential problems. These programs usually come with retail drives on a
floppy disk, or can be downloaded from the manufacturer's web site. In some
cases a single program will function for any of the manufacturer's drives, but
in other cases a different program is needed depending on the drive model.

If you suspect a problem with your hard disk, you should always run a
diagnostic program to check the status of the drive.

The following are the common diagnostic software .

• Power-On Self Test (POST): It is built into system BIOS and it runs
every time you start up your PC automatically. It is often the best
indicator of system problems.
• MEM.EXE: This simple utility, built into recent versions of DOS and
also Windows 95, provides with details about memory configuration, as
well as what is currently using memory.
• Microsoft Diagnostics: Better known as "MSD.EXE", this is a small
DOS utility that takes a brief inventory of the contents of a PC and
shows them a text-based format. This is very useful for seeing what
disks are in the system, how much memory is installed, and also for
checking system resource usage such as LPT ports and IRQs. It will
show what type of BIOS are using and also what UART chip have in the
serial ports.

• The Windows 95 Device Manager: This is the most useful tool for
identifying system configuration and resource usage information under
Windows 95.
• Norton System Information: This utility is similar to the Microsoft
Diagnostics, SI shows a great deal of information about what is in the
PC. This program is part of Symantec's Norton Utilities.
• Microsoft ScanDisk and Norton Disk Doctor: These programs are
used to check for hard disk problems. This includes file system
corruption and hard disk read errors. They should be used when hard
disk problems are suspected.
• Norton Diagnostics: It includes tests of the processor and motherboard
and system memory, and will identify some types of resource conflicts.

187
 SELF-CHECK 1.3-8

Identification. Identify the correct Diagnostic tool or software stated

below. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering

1. This program includes file system corruption and hard disk read
errors.
2. This is the most useful tool for identifying system configuration
and resource usage information.
3. A Diagnostic Software often the best indicator of system problems
4. It includes tests of the processor and motherboard and system
memory, and will identify some types of resource conflicts.
5. Known as "MSD.EXE” a small DOS utility that takes a brief
inventory of the contents of a PC

188
 QUIZ 14 ANSWER KEY 1.3-8
NAME:_____________________________________________DATE:_____________________

SECTION: ___________________________________________SCORE:_____________________
1. Microsoft ScanDisk and Norton Disk Doctor
CORREECTED BY: ____________________________________SIGNATURE:__________________
2. The Windows 95 Device Manager
3. Power-On Self Test (POST
4. Norton Diagnostic
5. Microsoft Diagnostic

189
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.3-9

Device Drivers

Device Drivers
Now that you have an operating system installed, you’ll need to install
drivers for your devices such as Video Cards, Network Interface Cards, Sound
Cards, etc. In many cases, if Windows recognizes the device, drivers will be
installed automatically. In some cases, generic drivers are installed and they
will work fine.

Drivers are small software programs that help the operating system use
or “drive” the device. Whenever a device doesn’t work properly, ask if the
proper driver has been installed.

Driver Installation Example: Monitor Driver

Installing the proper monitor information files is one of the small

things that purchasing a fully assembled PC

Default Monitor Driver

In the Control Panel, select.System to open the System Properties dialog

box Then select “Device Manager” to get a list of hardware in the PC. Finally,
click “Monitor,” and you’ll see that a generic monitor is listed.

System Properties
190
Installing a Sound Card Drivers

Once the sound card is installed, start the system and let the windows
Plug and Play install the sound card’s drivers. After your driver is installed,
make a quick trip to Device Manager to make sure that the driver was
installed correctly. . The Printer Install Wizard is perfectly installed

Installing Other Drivers

Proceed similarly to install drivers for your other devices, such as a

sound card if you have one. Whenever a device doesn’t seem to be working
properly, ask if you’ve installed the proper device driver or if it’s been done
automatically. Looking for the device under Device Manager in Windows is a
good way to see if the device driver is installed. As you can see in the figure
below a question mark by Ethernet Controller in Device Manager shows that
network drivers aren’t yet installed.

191
 Unrecognized device

If your main board has built-in sound or networking, a CD that contains

drivers probably came with the main board. Place the CD into the CD drive
and let Windows XP search for the appropriate driver.

Other common drivers are LAN (Local Area Networking) driver, CD

media driver, expansion cards, keyboards, printers, USB devices and others.

192
 JOB SHEET 1.3-9

Title: Device Driver

Performance Objective: Given an installation CD, you should be

able to perform installation of a device driver following standard procedure
and instruction/manual.

Supplies/Materials : Installation CD , Motherboard device driver

Equipment : System Unit

Steps/Procedure:
• Boot/start the system
• Insert device driver in the disc drive
• Install device driver following the recommendation of the system.
• Check the device by opening device manager
• Restart the system unit
• Test the installation
• Keep the Device driver in the safe place

Assessment Method:
Observation, Demonstration

193
 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 1.3-9

CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….

1. The system is correctly started.

2. The Installation CD is properly inserted.

3. Handling and safekeeping of installation CD is observed.

4. The instructions how to install device drivers are

accurately followed.

5. The device drivers are successfully installed

194
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.4-0

Installation Of Peripherals, Network Devices And Other I/O

Devices

Installation Of Peripherals
Note: If your computer doesn’t have an operating system installed yet,
you will want to stop after you install your mouse and keyboard, install your
operating system, and then resume the installation of your peripherals

Installing the Keyboard

1. Read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions

2. Determine if the keyboard uses a PS/2 or USB connector. The PS/2
connector for keyboards is round and typically colored purple, while
the USB is flat and rectangular in shape.

PS/S CONNECTOR USB CONNECTOR 3. Installing

the keyboard by plugging it into the chosen
port.

Note: Do not install your keyboard while your Computer is

powered on and do not unplug your keyboard while your computer is
running.

195
Installing the Mouse

Installing a mouse is very similar to installing a keyboard. You will still

find mice with either USB or PS/2 connectivity, although most of the newer
mice will use a USB connection, especially if you are using a mouse for
gaming. Just like the keyboard, you can also use an adapter to change a USB
connection to PS/2. If you are going to have a lot of USB peripherals, you may
want to consider using adapters for your mouse and keyboard or perhaps
using a USB hub for some of your peripherals. To complete the installation,
simply plug the mouse into the proper port.

Installing the Monitor

Installing a monitor (also known as a “display”) requires

1. Provide a free power outlet for A/C power.

2. Identifying the connection type you will use to connect the monitor
to your graphics card
3. For the best picture quality possible, use the digital DVI port on your
graphics card and display if they are available. Most graphics cards
now support multiple monitors and they typically include the
adapters required to change a DVI connection to VGA for older
displays.
4. Once you have the display plugged in, simply connect it to the
appropriate connector on your video card and you are ready to go.
Drivers are not typically required for displays. but once again consult
the manufacturer’s instructions for details.

Installing the Speakers

1. Determine the type of speakers you are using. Perform a simple set
of 2.0 or 2.1 speakers.
2. Connect the audio cable to the “line-out” jack of your computer’s
sound card, and connect the other end(s) to the speaker unless they
are already “hard-wired”
3. Plug in the power cord.
4. If you are using a full 5.1 or 7.1 surround sound system, the
connections get a bit more complicated.
5. Read the instructions that came with the speakers and sound card
for full details on this step. You can also find USB-powered speakers
that have their own sound card built in and need only be connected
to power.

196
Installing a Webcam

Most webcams are USB-powered and simply require that you plug them
in and install their drivers. However, some cams require that the drivers be
installed first, so be sure to read the instructions that came with your webcam
to avoid any problems. If you bought a FireWire (a form of connection that is
often faster than USB connections) webcam, ensure that your computer has
a FireWire port because they are not yet all that common.

Installing the Printer

1. Make sure that you have an appropriate printer cable and, if

necessary, a separate power cable.
2. Turn off your PC and install the USB or parallel cable between the
printer and the PC.
3. Insert the ink cartridge or toner cartridge.
4. Plug in the printer and turn it on.
5. Reboot you PC.
6. Wait for Windows to see the new printer hardware and start the
Printer Install Wizard.
7. If you have an Installation CD, cancel the Printer Install Wizard and
allow it to auto play. Follow the instructions to install the printer
driver.
8. After the printer has been installed, run a test print to verify that the
printer is working properly.

Installing a Scanner
Installing a scanner is almost identical to installing your printer. Again,
you will simply need to install the drivers and then plug the USB cable in

197
 JOB SHEET 1.4-0
Title: Installation of Peripherals, Network Devices and
other I/O Devices

Performance Objective: Given materials, equipment, you should be

able to install peripheral, network devices and
other I/O devices following standard instruction.

Supplies/Materials : printer installation cd, printer pheriperals

Equipment : System unit with os, printer

Steps/Procedure:

7. Make sure that you have an appropriate printer cable and, if

necessary, a separate power cable.
8. Turn off your PC and install the USB or parallel cable between the
printer and the PC.
9. Insert the ink cartridge or toner cartridge.
10. Plug in the printer and turn it on.
11. Reboot you PC.
12. Wait for Windows to see the new printer hardware and start the Printer
Install Wizard.
13. If you have an Installation CD, cancel the Printer Install Wizard and
allow it to auto play. Follow the instructions to install the printer
driver.
14. After the printer has been installed, run a test print to verify that the
printer is working properly.

Assessment Method: Demonstration

198
 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 1.4-0

CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….

1. Install the USB or parallel cable properly?

2. Insert the ink or toner cartridge correctly?

3. Plug and turn on the printer properly?

4. Does the System unit rebooted?

5. Install the Printer Install Wizard is systematically?

6. test print successfully

7. apply maintenance check

199
 TECHNICAL TERMS

• Active Hubs – amplify or boost signals

• Anti-Static – A product that prevents the build up of static electricity
• BIOS – Basic Input/Output System, chip that controls the most basic
functions of the computer and performs a self-test every time you turn it on.
• Flash drive– RAM that can retain data without electrical power. It is widely
used for BIOS chips and for digital camera and digital music storage.
• Graphic tablet – objects are drawn using a pen or a puck. The puck is
technically a tablet cursor, not a mouse.
• Goggles – A large spectacles, with shields around the rims, for protecting the
eyes from dust, excessive light, wind, etc.
• Hard-disk drive – is a storage device that stores billions of characters of data
on a nonremovable disk.
• Hardware- refers to the tangible (things you can touch) components of a
computer system. Hardware components are further divided into three groups
namely
• Host – any computer whether mainframe, server, or even PC that acts as an
information source on a network.
• Intelligent Hubs – select which path a specific signal will travel
• Joy Stick - a hand-held control stick that allows a player to control the
movements of a cursor on a computer screen or a symbol in a video game .
• LAN Card – Local area network interface card.
• Laptop computer - A small, portable computer -- small enough that it can sit
on your lap.
• Local Area Network- the smallest of the three network types, consist of PCs
connected together within a limited area, such as within the same building,
floor or department.
• Mainframe: A powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting many
hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously.
• Metropolitan Area Network – are network that spans no more than 50 miles.
It is design to connect LANs spanning a town or city
• Minicomputer: A multi-user computer capable of supporting up to hundreds
of users simultaneously.
• Metropolitan Area Network – is a network that spans no more than 50 miles.
It is design to connect LANs spanning a town or city
• Motherboard – contains the CPU, BIOS, Memory, mass storage interfaces,
serial and parallel ports, expansion slot and all the controllers required to
control standard peripheral devices such as the display screen, keyboard and
disk drive
• Modem - (Modulator-Demodulator) The modem is a device that allows a
given computer to share data or otherwise a device which let computers
exchange information
• Modular Hubs – are popular in networks because they are easily expanded
and always have management option. It is purchased as chassis, or card cage,
with multiple card slots, each of which accepts a communication card, or
module
• Multimedia - is the combination of different types of communication media
(sound, print, video, and so on)
• Multitester- is an instrument use to measure voltage, current and resistance.

200
 • NIC – Network Interface Card – The PC expansion board that plug into a
personal computer or server and works with the network operating system to
control the flow of information over the network.
• Network – is a communications system connecting two or more computers.
• Network Bridge – divides network into smaller, more manageable sections
helping reduce network traffic.
• Network Hub - a hardware device that all PCs on a network are connected to
by cabling. The hub manages receiving and transmitting data from networked
services.
• Network Server- is a powerful computer whose sole purpose is to serve
network clients.
• Network Switch – It helps determine how data moves over large networks.
• Notebook computer An extremely lightweight personal computer that weighs
weigh less than 6 pounds and are small enough to fit easily in a briefcase.
• OHS – Occupational Health and Safety
• Operating System (Os) -software that controls the allocation and use of
programs and data that a computer uses.
• Passive Hubs – simply connects various cables
• Personal computer: A small, single-user computer based on a
microprocessor.
• Port hub /Port – is a connector on the back of a computer or other device. A
port is either a serial port or a parallel port.
• Peers- mean any computer sharing the same protocol layer with another
computer.
• Protocol – refers to the specific standards governing the sending and receiving
of data.
• Repeater– a device that strengthen signals and allow then to stay clear over
longer distances.
• Printer - It is a piece of hardware that produces a paper copy (also known as
‘hardcopy’) of the information generated by the computer.
• RAM – Random Access Memory, is a primary memory. This memory is used
inside the computer to hold programs and data while it is running.
• RJ 45 – is the connector plugged into the NIC ports on computers and often
connecting the main networking hardware together.
• Router – a device that forwards data packets between Local or Wide Area
Network groups.
• Scanner- it is an input device that read text or illustration printed on paper,
translates the information into a form that a computer can use.
• Server – is a part of a network. It is a special computer that users on the
network can asses to carry out a particular job.
• Software – programs and data that a computer uses.
• Software applications- enables you to perform specific tasks- solve
problems, perform work, or entertain yourself.
• Sound Device Driver Installer / Sound and Audio Devices – A windows XP
Control Panel applet, called Sounds, and Multimedia in Windows 2000, for
configuring the system’s sound card.
• Stackable Hubs – work just like standalone hubs, except that several of them
can be “stacked” (connected) together, usually by short lengths of cable.
• Standalone Hubs – are single products with a number of ports. It is usually
include some method of linking them to other standalone hubs for network
expansion.
201
• Static – The discharge of electricity between two objects with different
electrical potential
• Sub notebook computer - A portable computer that is slightly lighter and
smaller than a full-sized notebook computer. Typically, sub notebook
computers have a smaller keyboard and screen, but are otherwise equivalent
to notebook computers.
• UTP – (Unshielded Twisted Pair) least expensive and most popular network
media.
• USB – Universal Serial Bus, a hardware interface for low-speed peripherals
such as the keyboard, mouse, joystick, scanner, printer and telephony
devices.
• Video Camera - camera using videotape: a camera that records onto videotape
• Wide Area Network – used to distribute information thousand of miles among
thousands of users.
• Wireless Hubs– are hubs designed for the home
• Workstation- is any network computer that connects to and request
resources from a network

202
 Competency
standard: COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING NC II
Unit of
competency: Install operating system and drivers for
peripherals/ devices
Ways in which evidence will be collected:
[tick the column]

Third party Report

Demonstration &
Observation &
Questioning

Questioning

Portfolio

Written
The evidence must show that the trainee…
Installs the computer systems and
networks in accordance with requirements,
without damage or distortion to the
surrounding environment or services *

Tests the installed computer systems and

network to determine whether it conforms
to clients requirements *

Conduct final inspections to ensure the

installed devices / systems conforms to
clients requirements*

NOTE: *Critical aspects of competency

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 PERFORMANCE TEST

1. Specific Instruction for the Candidate

2. Qualification COMPUTERSYSTEM SERVICING

NC II

3. Unit of Competency Install operating system and

drivers for peripherals/ devices

4. Title of Project Based Test the condition of the device

Assessment(PBA) driver pack in the manufacturers
manual

5. General Instruction:

6. Given an installation CD, you should be able to perform

installation of a device driver following standard procedure and
instruction/manufacturers manual. Allotted Time : 1 hour

7. Specific Instruction:
1. Boot/start the system
2. Insert device driver in the disc drive
3. Install device driver following the recommendation of the system.
4. Check the device by opening device manager (See to it there will no yellow question
mark appear after installation)
5. Restart the system unit
6. Test the installation by using any device e.g. speaker, network, etc.
Materials:
1. System unit with installed OS
2. Installation Device Drive(CD)
3. CD Drive/Optical Drive
4. Device e.g. speaker, network, etc

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 Performance Criteria Checklist 1.4-0

Trainee’s Name_______________________________
Date:__________

CRITERIA
YES NO

1. Are system is correctly started?

2. Are Installation CD is properly inserted?

3. Does instructions how to install device drivers are

accurately followed according to recommendation by
manufacturers?

4. Does device drivers are successfully installed?

5. Are appropriate PPE selected and used in line with job

requirements?

6. Does device like speaker working properly after

installation?

COMMENTS/SUGGESTIONS:

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Name: ____________________________ Date: ______________
Grade and Section:______________________
TEST I. IDENTIFICATION
DIRECTION: Identify the different parts and devices attached to the computer.

2. Which among the network hardware forwards data packets between Local or
Wide Area Network groups.

a. Network Hubs c. Repeater

b. Network Switch d. Router

2. A typical computer system consists of the following except

a. Central Processing Unit c. Output Device

b. Input Device d. Storage Device

3. What network hardware strengthens signals and allows then to stay clear over
longer distances?

a. Network Hubs c. Repeater

b. Network Switch d. Router

4. It allows a given computer to share data or otherwise a device which let

computers exchange information.

a. Modem c. Monitor

b. Server d. Mouse

5. Refers to the tangible (things you can touch) components of a computer

system.

a. Software c. Users Manual

b. Hardware d. Network

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5. It is the combination of different types of communication media (sound,
print, video, and so on)

a. Software c. Users Manual

b. Hardware d. Multimedia

6. A powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting many hundreds or

thousands of users simultaneously.
a. Mainframe Computer c. Laptop Computer

b. Personal Computer d. Note book Computer

7. Is a collection of computers and related equipment (printers, webcams, game
consoles, etc.) connected so that data can move between them?
a. Device Manager c. Network

b. Software d. Manual
8. It refers to protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other gear designed to
protect the wearer's body or clothing from injury by electrical hazards, heat,
chemicals, and infection, for job-related occupational safety and health
purposes
a. PPE c. PEE

b. PPEE d. None of these

9. It contains the CPU, BIOS, memory, mass storage interfaces, serial and
parallel ports, expansion slot and all the controllers required to control
standard peripheral devices such as the display screen, keyboard and disk
drive.
a. Board c. Motherboard

b. IC d. None of these
10. Why is important to observe safety and wear prescribe PPE on specific task?
a. Because, it is a requirement to observe safety always.
b. Because, it is pre-requisite to quality standard.
c. Because, Computer equipment can be dangerous, and you or others
can or even killed if you don’t follow proper safety guidelines when
working along PC’s.
d. None of these

GOOD LUCK!

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 TABLE OF SPECIFICATION

# of
Objectives/Content Comprehensi items/
Knowledge Application
area/Topics on % of
test

1. Using and testing

tools, materials and 7 8 10
equipment

2.Configuration and
Computer and 1,3,4,6
Network’s Hardware

3. Introduction to
Computer Operating 2,5 9
System

4. Software Packages
And Use Of Application 7
Programs

TOTAL 7 3 1 10

Prepared by:

Cyrus C. Rivera
Subject Teacher

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Inventory of Training Resources

Resources for presenting instruction

• Print Resources
Motherboard’s manual and
installer
Video device driver installer
Sound device driver installer
Computer book, PC Magazines
and journals
• Non Print Resources

• Supplies and Materials

Software applications

Network OS software
RJ 45
UTP cable
Contact cleaner
Whiteboard
• Tools
Screwdriver (standard)
Screwdriver (Philips)
Long nose pliers
Mechanical pliers
Allen wrench
Electronic tester
Impact tools
Crimping tools
Soldering gun
 Solder sucker
Lead
Wire Stripper
• Equipment
Computer with peripherals
Computer tables and chair
(ergonomic)
Internet subscription
Uninterruptible Power Supply
(UPS)
Server
Hub / Switch
Patch panel
Modem
Fax machine
PC Video camera
External CD writer
External zip drive
scanner
printers
Flash disk / Memory stick

Activity:
1. In A separate sheet draw our laboratory Room.
2. Make a checklist of the laboratory materials, facilities and tools.

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