Grade

10

TLE - ICT
COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING
QUARTER 2 – MODULE 1
WEEK 1-4

INSTALLING AND CONFIGURING

COMPUTER SYSTEMS

TLE_IACSS9- 12ICCS-Ia-e-28
 Quarter 2: Week 1
INSTALLING AND CONFIGURING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Content Standard Performance Standard

The learners demonstrate an understanding The learners shall be able to install and
of concepts and principles in installing configure computer systems based on
established procedures and system
systems
requirements

INTRODUCTION

In this module you will have a great deal of understanding on Installing and Configuring
Computer Systems. At the end of this module you will be able to apply the knowledge and
skills on identifying, installing computer hardware and operating system,

Lesson 1. Types and Parts of Computers

MAIN TYPES OF COMPUTER

HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
It could rightly be called the first mechanical computing device. It was
ABACUS
used as far back as 2,600 B.C and is still used today.
The first mechanical calculating machine that was developed by Blaise
PASCALINE Pascal between 1624-1644. This device could add and subtract. Later
Gottfried von Leibnitz developed a calculator that could also multiply
and divide.
This was invented by weaver Joseph Jacquard in 1804 that uses
AUTOMATED LOOM
punched cards to record data.
This is where modern computer history began. This machine was
DIFFERENCE ENGINE proposed by Charles Babbage in 1820 which bears the resemblance
of today’s computers which is capable of computing and at the same
time print results.
ELECTROMECHANICAL The American chapter of computer history began when Herman
Hollerith successfully completed his tabulating machine for the Census
ENGINE
Bureau in 1890.
ELECTRONIC COMPUTER John Anatasoff is generally credited with building the first electronic
computer in 1930s at lowa State University.
Was developed by Howard Aiken with the help of IBM, is the first
MARK I large-scale, general-purpose, electromechanical computer. It was
completed in 1994.
This was the world’s first large-scale electronic digital computer which
ENIAC was developed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly in 1946. This
computer is designed to calculate missile trajectories.
EDSAC and EDVAC Was later developed by mathematician John von Neuman in the
1940s which runs in the concept of stored programs.
UNIVAC This is the first commercial computer which was completed and
delivered to the U.S. Census Bureau in 1951.

1
What are the Different Types of Computers?
There are many types of computers, but personal computers such as desktop and laptop
computers are probably the two type of computers that you think of first.

Desktop Computers
Many people use desktop computers, or desktops as they are often referred to, at work,
home, school, or the library. They can be small, medium, or large in style, and usually sit on a desk.
The term desktop actually refers to the casing, or the tower. Once you add a monitor, mouse, and a
keyboard, you have what is typically known as a desktop computer.

The term desktop computer originated when the computer case was wide and flat, and was
designed specifically to fit on your desktop with the monitor on top.

Laptop Computers
The second type of computer that you may be familiar with is a laptop computer, or laptops
as they are often referred to. Laptops are battery or AC-powered personal computers that can be easily
carried and used in a variety of locations.
A quick glance at the size of a laptop and you might guess that it would be difficult to expand
or upgrade. While the desktop computer case is relatively easy to open and access internal
components, the small laptop case makes this more difficult in comparison; however, the primary
benefit of a laptop computer is its small size and easy portability.
A laptop computer is sometimes called a notebook computer because of its size.

Types of Personal Computers

Two popular types of personal computers are the IBM compatible and Macintosh computers.
The first personal computer was produced by IBM in 1981 and was called the IBM PC. In 1984, Apple
Computer introduced the Macintosh, or Mac, and it became the first widely sold personal computer with
a graphical user interface or GUI (pronounced gooey). Although both IBM and Apple computers are
personal computers, the term PC came to refer to IBM or IBM-compatible personal computers.

Other Types of Computers

Workstations are similar to desktop computers, but are more powerful and are usually connected to
a network. There are many different types of servers such as file servers, database servers, and
web servers. For example, employees at a company might store all the business documents on a file
server so that they can share files and access them from any computer on the network. When you
use your browser to click a link, a web server delivers the page you requested on the Internet, the
biggest network in the world.

What are the devices of a computer?

The physical, touchable, electronic and mechanical parts of a computer are called the
hardware which is composed of different devices attached to the computer.
The following list represents a basic set of devices found in most Personal Computers.
1. System Unit- The main part of a microcomputer, sometimes called the chassis. It includes the
following parts: Motherboard, Microprocessor, Memory Chips, Buses, Ports, Expansion Slots and
Cards.
2. Motherboard / Mainboard / System Board- The main circuit board of a computer. It contains all the
circuits and components that run the computer.
3. CPU (Central Processing Unit) - The processor is the main “brain” or “heart” of a computer system.
It performs all of the instructions and calculations that are needed and manages the flow of
information through a computer.
4. Primary storage- (internal storage, main memory or memory) is the computer's working storage
space that holds data, instructions for processing and processed data (information) waiting to be
sent to secondary storage. Physically, primary storage is a collection of RAM chips.

Two (2) Types of Memory

2
 a. ROM – (Read Only Memory) ROM is non-volatile, meaning it holds data even when the power
is ON or OFF.
b. RAM – (Random Access Memory) RAM is volatile, meaning it holds data only when the power
is on. When the power is off, RAM's contents are lost.

5. Expansion Bus - A bus is a data pathway between several hardware components inside or outside
a computer. It does not only connect the parts of the CPU to each other, but also links the CPU with
other important hardware.
6. Adapters- Printed-circuit boards (also called interface cards) that enable the computer to use a
peripheral device for which it does not have the necessary connections or circuit boards. They are
often used to permit upgrading to a new different hardware.
7. Power Supply Unit (PSU) - Installed in the back corner of the PC case, next to the motherboard. It
converts 120vac (standard house power) into DC voltages that are used by other components in the
PC.
8. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - Also known as hard drive, is a magnetic storage device that is installed
inside the computer. The hard drive is used as permanent storage for data. In a Windows computer,
the hard drive is usually configured as the C: drive and contains the operating system and
applications.
9. Optical Drive- An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical media.
There are three types of optical drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray
Disc (BD).
10. Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) - Designed to optically access data stored on a DVD. A laser moves
back and forth near the disk surface and accesses data at a very fast rate.

Lesson 2. Computer Operating Systems

What is an Operating System?
An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer. It
manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer
programs.
For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the operating system
acts as an intermediary between programs and the computer hardware, although the application code
is usually executed directly by the hardware and frequently makes system calls to an OS function or
is interrupted by it.

Types of Operating Systems

Single-tasking and multi-tasking

A single-tasking system can only run one program at a time, while a multi-tasking operating
system allows more than one program to be running in concurrency. This is achieved by time-sharing,
where the available processor time is divided between multiple processes. These processes are each
interrupted repeatedly in time slices by a task-scheduling subsystem of the operating system. Multi-
tasking may be characterized in preemptive and co-operative types. In preemptive multitasking, the
operating system slices the CPU time and dedicates a slot to each of the programs.
Single- and multi-user
Single-user operating systems have no facilities to distinguish users, but may allow multiple
programs to run in tandem. A multi-user operating system extends the basic concept of multi-tasking
with facilities that identify processes and resources, such as disk space, belonging to multiple users,
and the system permits multiple users to interact with the system at the same time.
Real-time
A real-time operating system is an operating system that guarantees to process events or data
by a specific moment in time. A real-time operating system may be single- or multi-tasking, but when
multitasking, it uses specialized scheduling algorithms so that a deterministic nature of behavior is
achieved. Such an event-driven system switches between tasks based on their priorities or external
events, whereas time-sharing operating systems switch tasks based on clock interrupts.

3
Microsoft Windows
Microsoft created the Windows operating system in the mid-1980s. There have been many
different versions of Windows, but the most recent ones are Windows 10 (released in 2015), Windows
8 (2012), Windows 7 (2009), and Windows Vista (2007). Windows comes pre-loaded on most new
PCs, which helps to make it the most popular operating system in the world.

macOS
macOS (previously called OS X) is a line of operating systems created by Apple. It comes
preloaded on all Macintosh computers, or Macs. Some of the specific versions
include Mojave (released in 2018), High Sierra (2017), and Sierra (2016).

According to StatCounter Global Stats, macOS users account for less than 10% of global
operating systems—much lower than the percentage of Windows users (more than 80%). One reason
for this is that Apple computers tend to be more expensive. However, many people do prefer the look
and feel of macOS over Windows.

Linux
Linux (pronounced LINN-ux) is a family of open-source operating systems, which means they
can be modified and distributed by anyone around the world. This is different from proprietary
software like Windows, which can only be modified by the company that owns it. The advantages of
Linux are that it is free, and there are many different distributions—or versions—you can choose from.

According to StatCounter Global Stats, Linux users account for less than 2% of global
operating systems. However, most servers run Linux because it's relatively easy to customize.

Lesson 3. Peripheral Devices

Peripheral Device Types (Internal and External)
Peripheral devices can be in different types according to their connection type to the system
and data transmission direction. According to connection type peripheral devices are categorized as;
1. Internal Peripheral Device are generally located inside the computer system case and named
internal because of their location. Here are some internal peripheral devices.

2. External Peripheral Device are located outside of the computer system case or chassis and
connected different types of connections and cables.

Input Device is composed of a device that accepts data and instructions from the user or
from another computer system. While, output device is any piece of computer hardware that displays
results after the computer has processed the input data that has been entered.

Two (2) Types of Input Devices

1. Keyboard Entry – Data is inputted to the computer through a keyboard.
2. Direct Entry – A form of input that does not require data to be keyed by someone sitting at a
keyboard. Direct-entry devices create machine-readable data on paper, or magnetic media, or feed
it directly into the computer’s CPU.
Three (3) Categories of Direct Entry Devices
1. Pointing Devices - An input device used to move the pointer (cursor) on screen.
 Mouse - The most common 'pointing device' used in PCs. Every mouse has two buttons
and most have one or two scroll wheels.
2. Scanning Devices- A device that can read text or illustrations printed on paper and translates the information
into a form the computer can use.
3. Voice- Input Devices - Audio input devices also known as speech or voice recognition systems that
allow a user to send audio signals to a computer for processing, recording, or carrying out
commands. Audio input devices such as microphones allow users to speak to the computer in order
to record a voice message or navigate software.

4
 OUTPUT DEVICES
1. Computer Display Monitor- It displays information in visual form, using text and graphics. The
portion of the monitor that displays the information is called the screen or video display terminal.
Types of Monitor
a. CRT Monitors - Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT) were the only type of displays for use with desktop
PCs. They are relatively big (14" to 16" deep) and heavy (over 15 lbs).

b. LCD Monitors – Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) technology has been used in laptops for some
time. It has recently been made commercially available as monitors for desktop PCs.

c. LED Monitors (Light Emitting Diode) - A display and lighting technology used in almost every
electrical and electronic product on the market, from a tiny on/off light to digital readouts,
flashlights, traffic lights and perimeter lighting.
2. LCD Projectors- utilize two sheets of polarizing material with a liquid crystal solution between
them. An electric current passed through the liquid causes the crystals to align so that light cannot
pass through them. Each crystal, therefore, is like a shutter, either allowing light to pass through or
blocking the light.
3. Smart Board - A type of display screen that has a touch sensitive transparent panel covering the
screen, which is similar to a touch screen.
4. Printer - A device that prints text or illustrations on paper.
5. Speakers - Used to play sound. They may be built into the system unit or connected with cables.
Speakers allow you to listen to music and hear sound effects from your computer.

USB is the most popular and easy connection type and protocol for peripheral devices. In today
most of the peripheral devices connect with a USB connection because of its plug and play and multiple
port availability.

Lesson 4. Computer Assembly

Personal Computer Assembly
This will be another step of enriching your skill and knowledge in Computer Systems Servicing,
assembling a personal computer. All you need to do is to follow the step by step procedures provided
below.

Step 1. Prepare your workplace

Step 2. Prepare the Motherboard
Step 3. Install the CPU
Step 4. Install the CPU Heat Sink
Step 5. Install Memory (RAM Modules)
Step 6. Place the motherboard into the case
Step 7. Connect the Power Supply
Step 8. Install Graphics / Video Cards
Step 9. Install Internal Drives
Step 10. Install the Add- in Cards

Connecting Peripherals of a Personal Computer

When attaching hardware and peripherals of the computer, ensure that they are connected to
the correct locations or ports. For example, some mouse and keyboard cables use the same type of
PS/2 connector. So, you must know first the different ports that can be found in the back panel of the
computer.
Steps in Connecting Peripherals of a PC

Step 1. Attach the monitor cable to the video port.

Step 2. Secure the cable by tightening the screws on the connector.
Step 3. Plug the keyboard cable into the PS/2 keyboard port or USB port.
Step 4. Plug the mouse cable into the PS/2 mouse port or USB port.
Step 5. Plug the USB cable into a USB port.
Step 6. Plug the network cable into the network port.
Step 7. Plug the power cable into the power supply.

5
 After connecting all the cables into their proper places, the figure below shows the appearance
of the back panel of your PC.

Lesson 5. Motherboard
A motherboard (also called mainboard, main circuit board, system
board, baseboard, planar board, logic board, and mobo) is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in
general-purpose computers and other expandable systems. It holds and allows communication
between many of the crucial electronic components of a system, such as the central processing
unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals. Unlike a backplane, a
motherboard usually contains significant sub-systems, such as the central processor, the
chipset's input/output and memory controllers, interface connectors, and other components integrated
for general use.
Motherboard Basics
A computer has many components, each with their own roles and functions. The role of the
motherboard is to allow all these components to communicate with each other. It is the central piece of
a PC, the component that brings it all together.

Processor Socket
The processor socket is the central piece of a motherboard, usually being located near the
center of the motherboard. It’s also the central piece because it holds the processor – the brain of your
computer.

Power Connectors
No computer component can operate without power, and a motherboard is no exception. The
power connector, commonly a 20 or 24-pin connector, can be situated either near the right edge of the
motherboard, or somewhere close to the processor socket on older motherboards. Newer
motherboards have an additional 4-pin or 8-pin connector near the processor, used to supply additional
power directly to the processor.

Memory Slots
Located in the upper-right part of the motherboard, the memory slots are used to house the
computer’s memory modules. The number of slots can vary, depending on motherboard, from 2, in low-
end motherboards, all the way up to 8 memory slots, on high-end and gaming motherboards. Newer
motherboards support DDR3 memory, the current industry standard memory architecture, but
motherboards with DDR2 memory slots and even DDR1 memory slots are still present on the market.

Video Card Slot

This is the type of slot that doesn’t need an explanation, as its name doesn’t leave much room
for interpretation as to what its role is. Coming in the form of a PCI-Express slot on newer motherboards
or AGP on older ones, the video card slot is situated right below the processor. At the opposite pole,
high-end gaming motherboards come with multiple video card slots, allowing the installation of multiple
video cards in a SLI or CrossFire configuration.

BIOS Chip and Battery

The BIOS chip contains the basic code needed to take your computer through the boot process,
up to the point where the operating system takes over. Since the BIOS code is stored on a memory
chip that needs constant power to function, a battery is also present to keep the chip powered when the
computer is unplugged.

Northbridge and Southbridge

A square metal component somewhere in the lower-right part of the board. This metal
component is actually a heatsink, and its role is to provide thermal protection for the Northbridge – one
of the most important components of a motherboard. The northbridge is responsible for coordinating
the data flow between the memory, the video card and the processor. A secondary chip, known as
Southbridge, has a similar function, coordinating the data flow between the processor and peripherals
such as sound cards or network cards.

6
Front Panel Connectors, USB Headers and Audio Header
The front panel connector is where all the elements present on the front of your case are
connected. Power button, reset button, power led, audio connectors and USB connectors – they are all
connected to the front panel or the corresponding headers.

Video Card
A video card (also called a graphics card, display card, graphics adapter, or display
adapter) is an expansion card which generates a feed of output images to a display device (such as
a computer monitor). Frequently, these are advertised as discrete or dedicated graphics cards,
emphasizing the distinction between these and integrated graphics. At the core of both is the graphics
processing unit (GPU), which is the main part that does the actual computations, but should not be
confused with the video card as a whole, although "GPU" is often used as a metonymic shorthand to
refer to video cards
Sound Card
A sound card (also known as an audio card) is an internal expansion card that provides input
and output of audio signals to and from a computer under control of computer programs. The
term sound card is also applied to external audio interfaces used for professional audio applications.

Learning Activities

Activity 1 Multiple Choice. Pick the letter of your answer and write in your answer sheet.
1. Specialized computers that store and deliver information to other computers on a network.
a. Work station b. Client c. Server d. User
2. The touchable, physical and mechanical part of a computer.
a. Hardware b. Software c. Firmware d. Dataware
3. The main circuit board of a computer.
a. Printed Circuit Board c. Adapter Card
b. Motherboard d. RAM
4. A volatile type of data.
a. ROM b. Chip c. CPU d. RAM
5. A magnetic storage device installed inside a computer.
a. Flashdrive b. Hard drive c. CD-DVD d. Memory Card
6. The brain of a computer
a. ROM b. Chip c. CPU d. RAM
7. Printed-circuit boards that enable the computer to use a peripheral device that does not have
the necessary connections or circuit boards.
a. Printed Circuit Board c. Adapter Card
b. Motherboard d. RAM
8. Data pathway between several hardware components inside or outside a computer.
a. Bus b. Path c. Cable d. Circuit
9. The main part of the computer.
a. Chassis b. System Unit c. Motherboard d. RAM
10. The other name for a laptop.
a. PC b. Palmtop Computer c. Notebook Computer d. Tablet

Answers Key:
Learning Activities
Activity 1
10.
9.
8.
7.
6.
5.
4.
3.
2.
1.
C
B
A
C
C
B
D
B
A
C

7
 SUMMATIVE EVALUATION

I. Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. High-end and gaming motherboards have ____ memory slots.
a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8
2. The following are other names of a motherboard, except _______
a. Mobo b. Mainboard c. Planar Board d. Hard Board
3. Responsible for coordinating the data flow between the memory, the video card and the
processor.
a. Northbridge b. Westbridge c. Eastbridge d. Southbridge
4. The most common ports on modern motherboards.
a. IDE b. PATA c. SATA d. PCI
5. The chip that contains the basic code needed to take computer through the boot process.
a. CMOS b. BIOS c. CPU d. ROM
6. The brain of the computer.
a. CMOS b. BIOS c. CPU d. ROM
7. The following are examples of memory modules for modern computers, except _____
a. DDR1 b. DDR2 c. DDR3 d. SDRAM
8. Is an expansion card whose function is to generate and output images to a display?
a. Video Card b. AGP Card c. Ethernet Card d. USB Card
9. A device or system that supplies electrical or other types of energy to an output load or group of
loads.
a. Power Supply b. Secondary Storage c. Battery d. UPS
10. An electrical component that attaches to a printed circuit board(PCB) and is designed to house
a microprocessor.
a. Processor Socket b. Board Socket c. Processor Board d. Socket Board

II. Performance Task

Directions: Fill up the table below with the hardware according to their classification.

INPUT DEVICES OUTPUT DEVICES