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3a /** incrementHour – add 1 hour to a Time object.
* The question asks us to increment the time by one day. But since we only
* store hours, minutes, and seconds, changing the day would have no effect.
* Instead, let’s consider the problem of advancing the time by 1 hour, which
* is something we would have to do once a year for daylight saving time.
* The interesting case to consider is wrapping around to the next day, since
* the hour 23+1 would have to be represented as 0. Note the 24-hour clock.
*
* Precondition: The parameter t is a Time object with appropriate attribute
* values of hour, minute, second within their proper ranges.
* We assume that a copy constructor exists for the Time class.
* Postcondition: Return value is a Time object representing a time 1 hour
* after t.
*/
return newTime;
}
// 1. Bad idea to have "import java.io.*". Just import what you use.
// 2. Also, need to import classes from other packages besides io.
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.util.Scanner;
fileInput.close();
5b At a minimum, the Person class will have three attributes: a name (String), a collection of friends (could be
implemented as array of Person), and a buffer containing the message(s) from friends (a single String, or
array of String).
The Person class should have a constructor. A Person begins with a name but no friends and a blank
message buffer.
Instance methods:
First, we need sendRequest(Person p), which identifies whether Person p can be friends with me. If this
method returns true, then we need to add p to the list of my friends, and make sure p adds me to the list of
his/her friends. For simplicity, let’s assume that a friend request will always be honored, unless a person
has reached some arbitrary maximum number. In this case, we need to have access to the number of
friends p has.
We need an addFriend(Person p) method, so that the other person can add me to his/her list of friends.
We need sendMessage(String s), which broadcasts a message to all my friends. Each of my friends needs
to append this message string into his/her buffer of messages.
Finally, we need some way of modifying the buffer of one of my friends, so we do this with a
setBuffer(String s). This is an implementation detail inside sendMessage( ), so this does not need to be
made public.
5c Person
-------------------------------------------
- name: string
- friends: array of Friend
- buffer: string
-------------------------------------------
+ sendRequest(in p: Person) { query }
- findNumberFriends( ) { query }
+ addFriend(in p: Person)
+ sendMessage(in s: string)
- setBuffer(in s: string)
6 Automobile
--------------------------------------
- make: string
- model: string
- year: integer
- licencePlate: string
- mileage: integer
- gallons: double
- location: string
--------------------------------------
+ getMake( ) { query }
+ getModel( ) { query }
+ getYear( ) { query }
+ getLicencePlate( ) { query }
+ getMileage( ) { query }
+ buyGas(in gallons: double)
+ drive(in gallons: double, in miles: integer)
+ getLocation( ) { query }
+ setLocation( ) { query }
Person
- name: string
- address: string
- ID: integer
+ getName( ) { query }
+ getAddress( ) { query }
+ getID( ) { query }
Course
- title: string Student
Faculty - code: string - campusAddress: string
- department: string - meetingTime: string - major: string
- salary: double 1 * + getCampusAddress( )
+ getDepartment ( ) + getTitle( ) { query } 1 *
{query}
{ query } + getCode( ) { query } + getMajor( ) { query }
- getSalary( ) { query} + getMeetingTime( ) + addCourse( in c:Course)
+ addCourse(in { query } + dropCourse(in c:Course)
c:Course )
9a Precondition: The array is nonempty, the elements are numerical, and each value in the array is in the
appropriate range of values for the application (e.g. 0 to 100).
Postcondition: The method will return the average of the array elements.
Postcondition: The method will return a positive real number representing the corresponding BMI.
9c Precondition: The loan amount and interest rate will be positive real numbers. The number of months will
be a positive integer. In particular, the interest rate will be expressed as a number of percent that loans are
typically quoted at: for example the number 5.0 will mean the annual interest rate is 5%.
Postcondition: The method will return the value of the loan payment.
10 Yes, an assertion statement can help isolate bugs. For example, you can verify that the preconditions to a
method are satisfied. If they are not, then you can conclude that a bug exists before the method was called.
Also, if the postcondition of a method guarantees some property of a return value (e.g. that it is positive),
then this can be checked as well.
11 This is an infinite loop. The loop will never terminate because the condition will always be true.
12 Transaction
----------------------------
- date: string
- time: string
- amount: double
- isChecking: boolean
-----------------------------
+ getDate( ) { query }
+ getTime( ) { query }
+ getAmount( ) { query }
+ getType( ) { query }
13 The value of numItems might be zero, negative, or larger than the size of the array. We should throw an
exception in case the value of numItems is out of range.
We should also take a step back and ask ourselves if we really need a method that averages the first
numItems values of an array. If the only time we ever average an array is to average all of its elements,
then this second parameter isn’t even necessary. Note that an array already has a built-in length
attribute.
15 The value of sum is the sum of all of the positive values among the first index values in array item.
16 public class ex1_8
{
public static void main (String[] args)
{
int n = 5;
int square = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <=n; i++)
{
square = i * i;
System.out.println(square);
}
}
}
while(temp1 <= X)
Debugging involves printing the values of temp1, temp2 and result at the top of the loop.
c.) Supply user prompts and check the value of x to ensure that it is greater than 0.
19
import java.util.Scanner;
try {
age = Integer.parseInt(kbd.nextLine());
}
catch(NumberFormatException e) {
System.out.println("Error: age should be integer.");
continue;
}